1 6127 132 THE EPIGENETIC OVERLAP BETWEEN OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. (1) BACKGROUND: OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS ARE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST PREVALENT MORBIDITIES IN MANY COUNTRIES. WE SUPPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY INDUCE HIGHER RATES OF OBESITY IN SUBJECTS WHO SUFFER FROM MOOD DISORDERS. IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE FOCUSED ON THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF DNA METHYLATION ON MOOD DISORDERS AND OBESITY DEVELOPMENT. (2) METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRISMA STATEMENT AND REGISTERED IN PROSPERO. A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE CENTRAL DATABASE, EMBASE, AND CINHAL. WE ALSO CONDUCTED A GREY LITERATURE SEARCH, SUCH AS GOOGLE SCHOLAR. (3) RESULTS: AFTER DEDUPLICATION, WE IDENTIFIED 198 POTENTIALLY RELATED CITATIONS. FINALLY, TEN UNIQUE STUDIES MET OUR INCLUSION CRITERIA. WE HAVE FOUND THREE OVERLAP GENES THAT SHOW SIGNIFICANT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, BOTH IN OBESITY AND DEPRESSION. PATHWAY ANALYSIS INTERACTION FOR TAPBP, BDNF, AND SORBS2 CONFIRMED THE RELATION OF THESE GENES IN BOTH OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS. (4) CONCLUSIONS: WHILE MECHANISMS LINKING BOTH OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS TO EPIGENETIC RESPONSE ARE STILL UNKNOWN, WE HAVE ALREADY KNOWN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCES A NOVEL EPIGENETIC PROGRAM. AS THE RESULTS OF GENE ENRICHMENT, PATHWAYS ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TAPBP, BDNF, AND SORBS2 LINKED TOGETHER BY INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. HYPERMETHYLATION IN THESE GENES MIGHT PLAY A CRUCIAL RULE IN THE CO-OCCURRENCE OF OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2 6137  30 THE EPIGENETICS OF PSYCHOSIS: A STRUCTURED REVIEW WITH REPRESENTATIVE LOCI. THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT IN CHRONIC PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IS STRONG AND RESEARCH ON THE EPIGENETIC MANIFESTATIONS OF THESE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS HAS COMMENCED IN EARNEST. IN REVIEWING THIS RESEARCH, THE FOCUS IS ON THREE GENES AS MODELS FOR DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION, MCHR1, AKT1 AND TDO2, EACH OF WHICH HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED FOR GENETIC ASSOCIATION WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS, AND WHICH INTERACT WITH THESE MODEL GENES, ARE EXPLORED IN DEPTH. THE LOCATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MOTIFS RELATIVE TO KEY METHYLATION SITES IS EVALUATED FOR PREDICTED GENE EXPRESSION RESULTS, AND FOR OTHER SITES, EVIDENCE IS PRESENTED FOR METHYLATION DIRECTING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM KEY STUDIES SHOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION: FOR MCHR1, IN PSYCHOSIS CASES VERSUS CONTROLS; FOR AKT1, AS A PRE-EXISTING METHYLATION PATTERN INFLUENCING BRAIN ACTIVATION FOLLOWING ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF A PSYCHOSIS-ELICITING ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULUS; AND FOR TDO2, IN A PATTERN ASSOCIATED WITH A DEVELOPMENTAL FACTOR OF RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS, IN ALL CASES THE PREDICTED EXPRESSION IMPACT BEING HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON LOCATION. METHYLATION INDUCED BY SMOKING, A CONFOUNDING VARIABLE, EXHIBITS AN INTRIGUING PATTERN FOR ALL THREE GENES. FINALLY, HOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION MESHES WITH DARWINIAN PRINCIPLES IS EXAMINED, IN PARTICULAR AS IT RELATES TO THE "FLEXIBLE STEM" THEORY OF EVOLUTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3 6720  34 VITAMIN D METABOLISM GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. CONTEXT: RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT VITAMIN D MAY INTERACT WITH THE EPIGENOME AND PLAY A ROLE IN THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. IN ORDER FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING TO OCCUR, THERE MUST BE AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF VITAMIN D PRESENT, MADE POSSIBLE BY ENZYMATIC REACTIONS THAT ALLOW VITAMIN D TO BE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE OF GENES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. PROCEDURES: COMMUNITY-DWELLING INDIVIDUALS RECRUITED AS PART OF A LARGER STUDY FOCUSED ON KNEE PAIN PROVIDED DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL AND PAIN-RELATED INFORMATION, AS WELL AS AN INTRAVENOUS BLOOD SAMPLE TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CPG SITES. MAIN FINDINGS: THERE WERE DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION BETWEEN THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT PAIN IN GENES THAT CODE FOR ENZYMES RELATED TO VITAMIN D METABOLISM: CYP24A1 (24-HYDROXYLASE) AND CYP27B1 (1-?-HYDROXYLASE). THERE WAS ALSO HYPERMETHYLATION ON THE GENE THAT CODES FOR THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND CELLULAR FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS LAY GROUNDWORK IN UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND CHRONIC PAIN.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4 2815  31 FIBROMYALGIA: GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS INSIGHTS MAY PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS. FIBROMYALGIA IS A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN WITH ADDITIONAL SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS JOINT STIFFNESS, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION, AND DEPRESSION. CURRENTLY, FIBROMYALGIA DIAGNOSIS IS BASED EXCLUSIVELY ON A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT, ACCORDING TO 2016 ACR CRITERIA, BUT VALIDATED BIOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROMYALGIA HAVE NOT YET BEEN IDENTIFIED. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES INVESTIGATED GENES POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN FIBROMYALGIA PATHOGENESIS HIGHLIGHTING THAT GENETIC FACTORS ARE POSSIBLY RESPONSIBLE FOR UP TO 50% OF THE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. POTENTIAL CANDIDATE GENES FOUND ASSOCIATED TO FIBROMYALGIA ARE SLC64A4, TRPV2, MYT1L, AND NRXN3. FURTHERMORE, A GENE-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS TRIGGERING MECHANISM, THROUGH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS: IN PARTICULAR, FIBROMYALGIA APPEARS TO BE CHARACTERIZED BY A HYPOMETHYLATED DNA PATTERN, IN GENES IMPLICATED IN STRESS RESPONSE, DNA REPAIR, AUTONOMIC SYSTEM RESPONSE, AND SUBCORTICAL NEURONAL ABNORMALITIES. DIFFERENCES IN THE GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF MICRORNAS WERE FOUND AMONG MULTIPLE TISSUES, INDICATING THE INVOLVEMENT OF DISTINCT PROCESSES IN FIBROMYALGIA PATHOGENESIS. FURTHER STUDIES SHOULD BE DEDICATED TO STRENGTH THESE PRELIMINARY FINDINGS, IN LARGER MULTICENTER COHORTS, TO IDENTIFY RELIABLE DIRECTIONS FOR BIOMARKER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5 2534  39 EPIGENETICS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. INTRODUCTION: BIPOLAR DISORDER (BD) IS A CHRONIC, DISABLING DISEASE CHARACTERISED BY ALTERNATE MOOD EPISODES, SWITCHING THROUGH DEPRESSIVE AND MANIC/HYPOMANIC PHASES. MOOD STABILIZERS, IN PARTICULAR LITHIUM SALTS, CONSTITUTE THE CORNERSTONE OF THE TREATMENT IN THE ACUTE PHASE AS WELL AS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENCES. THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BD AND THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF MOOD STABILIZERS REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN BUT SEVERAL PIECES OF EVIDENCE POINT TO GENE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS. EPIGENETICS, DEFINED AS THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT GENETIC CHANGES, COULD BE THE MOLECULAR SUBSTRATE OF THESE INTERACTIONS. IN THIS LITERATURE REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE MAIN EPIGENETIC FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH BD AND RESPONSE TO MOOD STABILIZERS. METHODS: WE SEARCHED PUBMED, AND EMBASE DATABASES AND CLASSIFIED THE ARTICLES DEPENDING ON THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND NON-CODING RNAS). RESULTS: WE PRESENT THE DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BD OR WITH MOOD-STABILIZERS. THE MAJOR REPORTED MECHANISMS WERE DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE METHYLATION AND ACETYLATION, AND NON-CODING RNAS. OVERALL, THE ASSESSMENTS ARE POORLY HARMONIZED AND THE RESULTS ARE MORE LIMITED THAN IN OTHER PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS (E.G. SCHIZOPHRENIA). HOWEVER, THE NATURE OF BD AND ITS TREATMENT OFFER EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR EPIGENETIC RESEARCH: CLEAR IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, CLINICAL VARIATION BETWEEN MANIC OR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES RESULTING IN POSSIBLE IDENTIFICATION OF STATE AND TRAITS BIOMARKERS, DOCUMENTED IMPACT OF MOOD-STABILIZERS ON THE EPIGENOME. CONCLUSION: EPIGENETIC IS A GROWING AND PROMISING FIELD IN BD THAT MAY SHED LIGHT ON ITS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OR BE USEFUL AS BIOMARKERS OF RESPONSE TO MOOD-STABILIZER.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
6 2585  57 EPIGENETICS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. STUDY OBJECTIVES: OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) IS A CHRONIC AND WIDELY PREVALENT DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE HEALTH DISORDERS. CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR OSA ARE LIMITED BECAUSE OF COST, TIME, AND ACCESS. EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OFFER INSIGHT INTO THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DISEASE AND ENVIRONMENT AND COULD PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DEVELOPING BOTH DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOLS FOR OSA. IN THE CURRENT STUDY, A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE EXISTING EVIDENCE OF OSA-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. METHODS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED USING ELECTRONIC ACADEMIC DATABASES INCLUDING PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, EBM REVIEWS, AND WEB OF SCIENCE. HOWEVER, THE CURRENT STUDY FOCUSED ON SCREENING FOR ORIGINAL, ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES PERTAINING TO OSA AND ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. TO PRODUCE UNBIASED RESULTS, SCREENING WAS PERFORMED INDEPENDENTLY BY AUTHORS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 2,944 PUBLICATIONS IN OUR SYSTEMATIC SEARCH. AMONG THEM, 65 RESEARCH ARTICLES WERE RELATED TO OS A-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION, GENETIC VARIATION, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. ALTHOUGH THESE 65 ARTICLES WERE CONSIDERED FOR FULL MANUSCRIPT REVIEW, ONLY 12 ARTICLES MET THE CRITERIA OF OSA-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL MODELS. HUMAN PATIENTS WITH OSA HAD UNIQUE EPIGENETIC CHANGES COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROL PATIENTS AND, INTERESTINGLY, EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES WERE COMMONLY IDENTIFIED IN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. CONCLUSIONS: ALTHOUGH THE AVAILABLE STUDIES ARE LIMITED, THIS RESEARCH PROVIDES NOVEL INSIGHTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF OSA. THOROUGH GENOME-WIDE INVESTIGATIONS WILL BE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP COST-EFFECTIVE, ROBUST BIOMARKERS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OSA AMONG CHILDREN AND ADULTS. HERE, WE OFFER A STUDY DESIGN FOR SUCH EFFORTS. CITATION: LEADER BA, KORITALA BSC, MOORE CA, DEAN EG, KOTTYAN LC, SMITH DF. EPIGENETICS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J CLIN SLEEP MED. 2021;17(12):2533-2541.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
7 2093  42 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INTRODUCTION: ACUTE EXERCISE AND EXERCISE TRAINING MAY CONFER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AFTER EXERCISE HAVE BEEN SHOWED IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS TO SUMMARIZE THE EVIDENCE FROM AVAILABLE CLINICAL TRIALS THAT STUDY EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AFTER EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. METHODS: THE SEARCH STRATEGY WAS PERFORMED IN PUBMED AND CENTRAL DATABASES ON ARTICLES PUBLISHED UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2020. STUDIES WITH TITLES AND ABSTRACTS RELEVANT TO EXERCISE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION APPLIED TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS WERE FULLY EXAMINED. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA WERE UTILIZED FOR STUDIES SCREENING. QUALITY ASSESSMENT WITH PEDRO SCALE AND EVALUATION BY TWO INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: OF THE 1714 ARTICLES RETRIEVED, 88 ARTICLES WERE ASSESSED FOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND 8 ARTICLES MATCHED OUR SEARCH CRITERIA AND FINALLY INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. THE ACUTE EXERCISE EPIGENETIC (MIRNAS) EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED IN THREE STUDIES AND THE CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING EFFECTS (MIRNAS AND DNA METHYLATION) IN SIX STUDIES. THE RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS POSSIBLY AN ACUTE SIGNIFICANT EXERCISE EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC TARGETS WHICH IS MORE EVIDENT AFTER CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING. CONCLUSIONS: BY THE PRESENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE PROVIDE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF BENEFICIAL EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MORE CONTROLLED STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO CONFIRM SUCH EVIDENCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8 6853  36 [NEUROBIOLOGY OF EARLY LIFE TRAUMATIC STRESS AND TRAUMA: PROLONGED NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION AS A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR]. EARLY LIFE STRESSORS DISPLAY A HIGH UNIVERSAL PREVALENCE AND CONSTITUTE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WITH TWO THIRDS OF YOUTH BEING EXPOSED TO POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES BY THE AGE OF 17. TRAUMATIC STRESS EXPOSURE DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HAVE ESSENTIAL AND LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS AND REPRESENTS A DEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR MEDIATING RISK FOR DISEASE. EARLY-LIFE STRESS (ELS) AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA (CT) CAN BOTH HAVE AN IMPACT ON SENSITIVE NEURONAL BRAIN NETWORKS INVOLVED IN STRESS REACTIONS, AND COULD EXERT A PROGRAMMING EFFECT ON GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING LEADING TO CHRONIC HYPER- OR HYPO-ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISRUPTION, FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, AS WELL AS IMMUNE AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION HAVE BEEN LATELY IDENTIFIED AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS FOR A CHRONICALLY IMPAIRED HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE AFTER ELS/CT. FURTHERMORE, HUMAN GENETIC BACKGROUND AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THROUGH STRESS-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION COULD INTERACT WITH THESE ALTERATIONS AND EXPLAIN INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN VULNERABILITY OR RESILIENCE TO STRESS. THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW PRESENTS RELEVANT EVIDENCE FROM MAINLY HUMAN RESEARCH ON THE MOST ACKNOWLEDGED NEUROBIOLOGICAL ALLOSTATIC PATHWAYS EXERTING ENDURING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT EVEN DECADES LATER. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD PROSPECTIVELY INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS, THEIR TEMPORAL SEQUENCE AND COMBINED EFFECTS AT THE BIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WHILE CONSIDERING THE POTENTIALLY DELAYED TIME-FRAME FOR THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR EFFECTS. FINALLY, SCREENING STRATEGIES FOR ELS/CT AND TRAUMA NEED TO BE IMPROVED. INFORMATION ABOUT ELS/CT HISTORY AND THE NUMBER OF ADVERSE EXPERIENCES COULD HELP TO BETTER IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, PREDICT INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT RESPONSE AND DESIGN PREVENTION STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9  247  40 ADULTHOOD ASTHMA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED GENES. THERE IS AN ACCUMULATING DATA THAT SHOWS RELATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES THAT IN TURN GIVE RISE TO THESE DISEASES. ASTHMA IS ONE OF THE CHRONIC DISEASES THAT IS INFLUENCED FROM GENETIC REGULATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY BIOMOLECULES AND THEREFORE THE HYPOTHESIS IN THIS RESEARCH WAS CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY MIGHT HAVE CAUSED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ASTHMA-RELATED GENES IN THE POPULATION WHO HAD CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, THE LITERATURE WAS SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED TO EXTRACT EPIGENETICALLY MODIFIED GENE DATA OF THE ADULTS WHO HAD CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, AND AFFECTED GENES WERE FURTHER EVALUATED FOR THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH ASTHMA. PRISMA GUIDELINES WERE ADOPTED AND PUBMED AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE INCLUDED IN THE SEARCHED DATABASES, TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN ASTHMA-RELATED GENES OF PHYSICALLY, EMOTIONALLY OR SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN. AFTER RETRIEVING A TOTAL OF 5245 ARTICLES, 36 OF THEM WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. SEVERAL GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT, INCREASED INFLAMMATION, OR RESPONSE TO ASTHMA TREATMENT WERE FOUND EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED BY CHILDHOOD TRAUMAS. CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, CAUSING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN DNA, MAY LEAD TO ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT OR INFLUENCE THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR THE PROLONGED HEALTH CONSEQUENCES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 2510  37 EPIGENETICS AND POSTSURGICAL PAIN: A SCOPING REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: MULTIPLE FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PHYSIOLOGY AND VARIABILITY OF POSTSURGICAL PAIN, A GREAT PART OF WHICH CAN BE EXPLAINED BY GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THEIR INTERACTION. EPIGENETICS REFERS TO THE MECHANISM BY WHICH THE ENVIRONMENT ALTERS THE STABILITY AND EXPRESSION OF GENES. WE CONDUCTED A SCOPING REVIEW TO EXAMINE THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE IN BOTH ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN. METHODS: THE ARKSEY AND O'MALLEY FRAMEWORK AND THE PRISMA-SCR (PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS, SCOPING REVIEWS EXTENSION) GUIDELINES WERE USED. THE PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR DATABASES WERE SEARCHED, AND THE ORIGINAL ARTICLES CITED IN REVIEWS LOCATED THROUGH THE SEARCH WERE ALSO REVIEWED. ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES WITHOUT TIME LIMITS WERE RETRIEVED. ARTICLES WERE SELECTED IF THE ABSTRACT ADDRESSED INFORMATION ON THE EPIGENETIC OR EPIGENOMIC MECHANISMS, HISTONE, OR DNA METHYLATION AND MICRORIBONUCLEIC ACIDS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN ANIMAL MODELS AND CLINICAL STUDIES. RESULTS: THE INITIAL SEARCH PROVIDED 174 ARTICLES, AND 95 WERE USED. THE AVAILABLE STUDIES TO DATE, MOSTLY IN ANIMAL MODELS, HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETICS CONTRIBUTES TO THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND IN MAINTAINING LONG-TERM PAIN. CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ON POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN POSTSURGICAL PAIN AND CHRONIC POSTSURGICAL PAIN IN HUMANS IS SCARCE. IN VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE AVAILABLE IN ANIMAL MODELS, THERE IS A NEED TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC PAIN MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN AND CLINICAL STUDIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11 4926  35 PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: PARTICULARITIES OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS REGARDING PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT. ACCUMULATING DATA SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC NEUROINFLAMMATION-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION IS A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTING FACTOR FOR PROGRESSIVE NEURONAL AND GLIAL CELL DEATH IN AGE-RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE PATHOLOGY. FURTHERMORE, IT COULD BE ENCOUNTERED AS LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES IN SOME VIRAL INFECTIONS, INCLUDING POST-COVID-19 PARKINSONISM-RELATED CHRONIC SEQUELAE. THE CURRENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS FOCUSED ON A RECENT QUESTION AROUSED DURING THE PANDEMIC'S SUCCESSIVE WAVES: ARE THERE POST-SARS-COV-2 IMMUNE-MEDIATED REACTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING NEURODEGENERATION? DOES THE HOST'S DYSREGULATED IMMUNE COUNTER-OFFENSIVE CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, EMERGING AS PARKINSON'S DISEASE, IN A COMPLEX INTERRELATION BETWEEN GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RISK FACTORS? A SYNTHETIC AND SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW WAS ACCOMPLISHED BASED ON THE "PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR SYSTEMATIC PRINCIPLES REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES" (PRISMA) METHODOLOGY, INCLUDING REGISTRATION ON THE SPECIFIC ONLINE PLATFORM: INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS-PROSPERO, NO. 312183. INITIALLY, 1894 ARTICLES WERE DETECTED. AFTER FULFILLING THE FIVE STEPS OF THE SELECTION METHODOLOGY, 104 PAPERS WERE SELECTED FOR THIS SYNTHETIC REVIEW. DOCUMENTATION WAS ENHANCED WITH A SUPPLEMENTARY 47 BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESOURCES IDENTIFIED IN THE LITERATURE WITHIN A NON-STANDARDIZED SEARCH CONNECTED TO THE SUBJECT. AS A FINAL STEP OF THE PRISMA METHOD, WE HAVE FULFILLED A POPULATION-INTERVENTION-COMPARISON-OUTCOME-TIME (PICOT)/POPULATION-INTERVENTION-COMPARISON-OUTCOME-STUDY TYPE (PICOS)-BASED METANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIED AS CONNECTED TO OUR SEARCH, TARGETING THE OUTCOMES OF REHABILITATIVE KINESITHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS COMPARED TO CLINICAL APPROACHES LACKING SUCH KIND OF TREATMENT. ACCORDINGLY, WE IDENTIFIED 10 CLINICAL TRIALS RELATED TO OUR ARTICLE. THE MULTI/INTERDISCIPLINARY CONVENTIONAL THERAPY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND NON-CONVENTIONAL MULTITARGET APPROACH TO AN INTEGRATIVE TREATMENT WAS BRIEFLY ANALYZED. THIS ARTICLE SYNTHESIZES THE CURRENT FINDINGS ON THE PATHOGENIC INTERFERENCE BETWEEN THE DYSREGULATED COMPLEX MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN AGING, NEUROINFLAMMATION, AND NEURODEGENERATION, FOCUSING ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC REPERCUSSIONS OF COVID-19. TIME WILL TELL WHETHER COVID-19 NEUROINFLAMMATORY EVENTS COULD TRIGGER LONG-TERM NEURODEGENERATIVE EFFECTS AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE WORSENING AND/OR EXPLOSION OF NEW CASES OF PD. THE EXTENT OF THE INTERRELATED NEUROPATHOGENIC PHENOMENON REMAINS OBSCURE, SO FURTHER CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDIES ARE NEEDED.	2022	

12 2901  30 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GERM-CELL MUTAGENESIS AND GENETIC RISK. CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ARE HAZARD-BASED RATHER THAN AIMED AT ASSESSING RISKS QUANTITATIVELY. IN THE PAST, GERM-CELL TESTS HAVE BEEN MAINLY PERFORMED WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF SOMATIC CELL MUTAGENS, AND RARELY UNDER CONDITIONS AIMED AT COMPARING GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MUTAGEN EXPOSURES. THERE ARE PROFOUND DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETIC CONSTITUTION, AND IN HORMONAL, STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND CONTROL OF GAMETOGENESIS BETWEEN THE SEXES. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DIFFERENCES MAY HAVE A PROFOUND IMPACT ON THE RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY, STAGE OF HIGHEST SENSITIVITY AND THE RELATIVE RISK FOR THE GENESIS OF GENE MUTATION, AS WELL AS STRUCTURAL AND NUMERICAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN MALE AND FEMALE GERM CELLS. TRANSMISSION OF GERM-CELL MUTATIONS TO THE OFFSPRING MAY ALSO ENCOUNTER GENDER-SPECIFIC INFLUENCES. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHEMICALLY DERIVED ALTERATIONS IN IMPRINTING PATTERNS MAY POSE A THREAT FOR THE HEALTH OF THE OFFSPRING AND MAY ALSO BE TRANSMITTED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS. RECENT REPORTS ON DIFFERENT GENETIC EFFECTS FROM HIGH ACUTE AND FROM CHRONIC LOW-DOSE EXPOSURES CHALLENGE THE VALIDITY OF CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM STANDARD METHODS OF MUTAGENICITY TESTING. IN CONCLUSION, RESEARCH IS URGENTLY NEEDED TO IDENTIFY GENETIC HAZARDS FOR A LARGER RANGE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING THOSE SUSPECTED TO DISTURB PROPER CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. ALTERATIONS IN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING AND THEIR HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WILL HAVE TO BE INVESTIGATED. MORE ATTENTION SHOULD BE PAID TO GENDER-SPECIFIC GENETIC EFFECTS. FINALLY, THE DATABASE FOR GERM-CELL MUTAGENS SHOULD BE ENLARGED USING MOLECULAR METHODOLOGIES, AND GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES SHOULD BE PERFORMED WITH THESE TECHNIQUES TO VERIFY HUMAN GENETIC RISK.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13 6678  37 USING GENETIC BURDEN SCORES FOR GENE-BY-METHYLATION INTERACTION ANALYSIS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. WITH THE RAPID ADVANCEMENT OF OMICS-BASED RESEARCH, PARTICULARLY BIG DATA SUCH AS GENOME- AND EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES THAT INCLUDE EXTENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL VARIABLES, DATA ANALYTICS HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY COMPLEX. RESEARCHERS FACE SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES REGARDING HOW TO ANALYZE MULTIFACTORIAL DATA AND MAKE USE OF THE FINDINGS FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A SCIENTIFIC EXEMPLAR FOR USE OF GENETIC BURDEN SCORES AS A DATA ANALYSIS METHOD FOR STUDIES WITH BOTH GENOTYPE AND DNA METHYLATION DATA IN WHICH THE GOAL IS TO EVALUATE ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS SUCH AS METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS). THIS STUDY INCLUDED 739 AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN AND WOMEN FROM THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY STUDY WHO MET DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR METS AND HAD AVAILABLE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA. GENETIC BURDEN SCORES FOR EVALUATED GENES WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTIONS, BUT DNA METHYLATION AT 2 CPG SITES (DIHYDROOROTATE DEHYDROGENASE CG22381196 PFDR = .014; CTNNA3 CG00132141 PFDR = .043) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH METS AFTER CONTROLLING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE MARGINALLY SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES AND BURDEN SCORES, HOWEVER, WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT. MORE WORK IS REQUIRED IN THIS AREA TO IDENTIFY INTERMEDIATE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION THAT MAY EXPLAIN THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF METS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS. THIS STUDY DOES SERVE, HOWEVER, AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE GENETIC BURDEN SCORE AS AN ALTERNATIVE DATA ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR COMPLEX STUDIES INVOLVING THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA SIMULTANEOUSLY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14 6141  32 THE ETIOLOGY OF PEYRONIE'S DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS AND GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS. INTRODUCTION: PEYRONIE'S DISEASE (PD) IS A CHRONIC FIBROSING CONDITION THAT CONTRIBUTES TO PENILE DEFORMITY, CURVATURE, AND PAIN. INITIAL FAMILIAL STUDIES DEMONSTRATED POTENTIAL GENETIC LINKS TO PD. SINCE THAT TIME, VERY FEW INVESTIGATIONS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY ADVANCED THE SCIENCE IN THIS AREA. HENCE, THERE IS A LARGE OPPORTUNITY AND SIGNIFICANT NEED TO BETTER STUDY THE UNDERLYING GENOMICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF PD. AIM: TO SUMMARIZE THE CURRENT GENOMIC LITERATURE RELEVANT TO PD. METHODS: A REVIEW WAS PERFORMED OF ALL PUBMED-INDEXED LITERATURE FROM 1970-2018 RELATING TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF PD. KEY FINDINGS WERE CATEGORICALLY SUMMARIZED TO INCLUDE EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, INHERITANCE PATTERNS, CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY, GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS, EPIGENETICS, DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION, AND PRECLINICAL MODELS OF PD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SUMMARY OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE ON THE GENETICS OF PD. RESULTS: PD IS A COMMON CONDITION AND HAS SEVERAL KNOWN RISK FACTORS AND COMORBID DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS. ALTHOUGH MEN WITH PD ARE BELIEVED TO BE GENETICALLY PREDISPOSED, THERE ARE LIKELY SEVERAL SUBTYPES OF THE CONDITION, EACH WITH VARIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS. AVAILABLE DATA SUGGEST THAT PD IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERLYING GENETIC INSTABILITY, INCLUDING DYSREGULATION OF GENES RELATING TO FIBROSIS AND CELLULAR DEGRADATION, THUS, RESULTING IN ABNORMAL PLAQUE DEVELOPMENT AND PENILE DEFORMITY. PRECLINICAL MODELS, INCLUDING CELL CULTURES AND RAT MODELS, DEMONSTRATE SEVERAL CONSISTENCIES WITH PD CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS; HOWEVER, AN IDEAL MODEL WITH SPONTANEOUS DEVELOPMENT OF PD IS LACKING. CONCLUSION: BASED ON LIMITED DATA, PD LIKELY REPRESENTS A HETEROGENEOUS CONDITION, WITH BOTH HERITABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ITS DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. HOWEVER, THERE REMAINS A SIGNIFICANT GAP IN THE LITERATURE ON THE UNDERLYING CAUSE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE CONDITION, SUGGESTING A SUBSTANTIAL NEED FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION AND STUDY. SHARMA KL, ALOM M, TROST L. THE ETIOLOGY OF PEYRONIE'S DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS AND GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS. SEX MED REV 2020;8:314-323.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
15 1979  40 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASE FOCUSING ON BEHCET'S DISEASE: REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: 'EPIGENETICS' IS SPECIFIED AS THE INHERITABLE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WITH NO ALTERATIONS IN DNA SEQUENCES. EPIGENETICS IS A RAPIDLY OVERSPREADING SCIENTIFIC FIELD, AND THE STUDY OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CHRONIC DISEASE IS EMERGING. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC CHANGES INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND NON-CODING RNAS (NCRNAS) IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, WITH FOCUS ON BEHCET'S DISEASE. IN THIS REVIEW, FIRST WE DESCRIBE THE HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES, AND THEN THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASES IS EXPLAINED. METHODS: SYSTEMATIC SEARCH OF MEDLINE, EMBASE, AND COCHRANE LIBRARY WAS CONDUCTED FOR ALL COMPARATIVE STUDIES SINCE 2000 TO 2015 WITH THE LIMITATIONS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. RESULTS: FOR A NOTABLE PERIOD OF TIME, RESEARCHERS HAVE MAINLY FOCUSED ON THE EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE MODULATION OF INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GENES. RECENT STUDIES HAVE PROPOSED A CENTRAL ROLE FOR CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASE, INCLUDING BEHCET'S DISEASE. CONCLUSION: STUDIES HAVE BEEN REPORTED ON THE EPIGENETIC OF BD SHOWED THE ROLE OF ALTERATIONS IN THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF IRS ELEMENTS; HISTONE MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS H3K4ME27 AND H3K4ME3; UP REGULATION OF MIR-182 AND MIR-3591-3P; DOWN REGULATION OF MIR-155, MIR-638 AND MIR-4488 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16  276  33 AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MONOCYTE DNA METHYLATION AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY KENYAN ADULTS AND CHILDREN. BACKGROUND: AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ADAPTIVE AND INNATE IMMUNE CELLS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH A DECLINE IN EFFECTIVE IMMUNITY AND CHRONIC, LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN MONOCYTES OCCUR WITH AGING, THOUGH MOST STUDIES TO DATE HAVE FOCUSED ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YOUNG ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY IN POPULATIONS WITH EUROPEAN ANCESTRY; FEW DATA EXIST REGARDING CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN CIRCULATING MONOCYTES DURING THE FIRST FEW DECADES OF LIFE OR IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, AND INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN MONOCYTES FROM YOUNG ADULTS AND CHILDREN FROM WESTERN KENYA. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL HYPO- AND HYPER-METHYLATED CPG SITES IN MONOCYTES FROM KENYAN YOUNG ADULTS VS. CHILDREN THAT REPLICATED FINDINGS IN THE CURRENT LITERATURE OF DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN MONOCYTES FROM ELDERLY PERSONS VS. YOUNG ADULTS ACROSS DIVERSE POPULATIONS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WERE ALSO NOTED IN GENE REGIONS IMPORTANT TO INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES. MONOCYTES FROM KENYAN YOUNG ADULTS VS. CHILDREN DISPLAYED INCREASED PRODUCTION OF IL-8, IL-10, AND IL-12P70 IN RESPONSE TO TLR4 AND TLR2/1 STIMULATION AS WELL AS DISTINCT INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS COMPLEMENT PREVIOUS REPORTS OF AGE-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES IN ISOLATED MONOCYTES AND PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN INNATE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
17 2029  32 EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HEADACHE. INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE FACTORS, INCLUDING BOTH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL MECHANISMS, APPEAR TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE AETIOLOGY OF HEADACHE. AN INTERESTING AREA OF STUDY IS THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN HEADACHE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TRANSFORMATION TO CHRONIC HEADACHE, AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THESE FACTORS AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET. METHODS: WE PERFORMED A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN HEADACHE, MAINLY USING THE MEDLINE/PUBMED DATABASE. TO THIS END, WE USED THE FOLLOWING ENGLISH SEARCH TERMS: HEADACHE, MIGRAINE, EPIGENETICS, DNA METHYLATION, HISTONES, NON-CODING RNA, AND MIRNA. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 15 ENGLISH-LANGUAGE PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE ABOVE TERMS WERE OBTAINED. CONCLUSION: THERE IS LIMITED BUT CONSISTENT EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPIGENETICS AND HEADACHE; IT IS THEREFORE ESSENTIAL TO CONTINUE RESEARCH OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HEADACHE. THIS MAY HELP TO UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEADACHE AND EVEN TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE BIOMARKERS AND NEW, MORE EFFECTIVE, THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18 2999  34 GENETIC VARIATION, STRESS, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE IN ADULTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY OR CELIAC DISEASE. BACKGROUND: PERSISTENTLY HIGH CHRONIC STRESS CAN LEAD TO MALADAPTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES AND POOR MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS AT INCREASED RISK. CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION DIAGNOSIS AND GENETICS ARE 2 CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN INFLUENCE STRESS, STRESS RESPONSE, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. PURPOSE: FOOD ALLERGY (FA) AND CELIAC DISEASE (CD) REQUIRE CONSTANT VIGILANCE IN DAILY LIFE AND CAN LEAD TO INCREASED STRESS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF VARIANTS IN SELECTED STRESS-RELATED GENES WITH STRESS EXPOSURES, STRESS, CLINICAL MEASURES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE, AND MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT FA OR CD. METHODS: WE COMPARED STRESS EXPOSURES, SYMPTOMS OF PTSD, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS, BMI, AND WAIST-HIP RATIO BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. WE ANALYZED THE ASSOCIATION OF SNPS IN GENES WITH KNOWN OR HYPOTHESIZED ASSOCIATIONS WITH STRESS-RELATED MEASURES IN 124 CASES AND 124 MATCHED CONTROLS: CRHBP (RS7718461, RS10474485), CRHR1 (RS242940) AND OXTR (RS2268490). FOR THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY, P-VALUES </= 0.10 WERE CONSIDERED SUGGESTIVE. RESULTS: FOR CASES AND CONTROLS, RS7718461 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS SYMPTOMS, RS2268490 WITH SYMPTOMS OF STRESS AND PTSD, AND RS242940 WITH SYMPTOMS OF STRESS, PTSD, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION. FURTHER ANALYSES FOUND THAT STRESS-RELATED OUTCOMES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH FA OR CD MAY BE INFLUENCED BY SNP GENOTYPE. CONCLUSIONS: GIVEN THESE SUGGESTIVE FINDINGS, LARGER PROSPECTIVE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE SIMILAR RELATIONSHIPS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OTHER CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS, INCORPORATING FACTORS SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
19 4209  33 METALLOTHIONEIN 2A GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN RELATION TO DISEASES AND TRACE ELEMENT LEVELS IN HUMANS. HUMAN METALLOTHIONEINS ARE A SUPERFAMILY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT INTRACELLULAR PROTEINS, WHOSE SYNTHESIS CAN BE INDUCED BY ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS (PRIMARILY ZN AND CU), TOXIC ELEMENTS AND CHEMICAL AGENTS, AND STRESS-PRODUCING CONDITIONS. OF THE FOUR KNOWN ISOFORMS IN THE HUMAN BODY MT2 IS THE MOST COMMON. THE EXPRESSION OF METALLOTHIONEINS IS ENCODED BY A MULTIGENE FAMILY OF LINKED GENES AND CAN BE INFLUENCED BY SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) IN THESE GENES. TO DATE, 24 SNPS IN THE MT2A GENE HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ABOUT 1 % IN VARIOUS POPULATION GROUPS, AND THREE OF THEM WERE SHOWN TO AFFECT PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. THIS REVIEW SUMMARISES CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THESE THREE SNPS IN THE MT2A GENE AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BODY OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED PERSONS. THE MOST INVESTIGATED SNP IS RS28366003 (MT2A -5 A/G). REPORTS ASSOCIATE IT WITH LONGEVITY, CANCER (BREAST, PROSTATE, LARYNGEAL, AND IN PARANASAL SINUSES), AND CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE. THE SECOND MOST INVESTIGATED SNP, RS10636 (MT2A +838G/C), IS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. BOTH ARE ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERAL METAL/METALLOID CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ORGANISM. THE THIRD SNP, RS1610216 (MT2A -209A/G), HAS BEEN STUDIED FOR ASSOCIATION WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES, CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERGLYCAEMIA, AND ZN CONCENTRATIONS. METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATIONS AND MT2A POLYMORPHISMS HAVE A POTENTIAL TO BE USED AS BIOMARKERS OF METAL EXPOSURE AND CLINICAL MARKERS OF A NUMBER OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS POTENTIAL NEEDS TO BE STUDIED AND VERIFIED IN A LARGE NUMBER OF WELL-DEFINED GROUPS OF PARTICIPANTS (SEVERAL HUNDREDS AND THOUSANDS) WITH A FOCUS ON PARTICULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL OR PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION AND TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION OTHER CONTRIBUTING FACTORS, SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND INDIVIDUAL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MAKEUP.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20 1524  28 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS: CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE? TWIN AND SIBLING STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT LUNG DISEASE SEVERITY IS VARIABLE AMONG CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) PATIENTS AND AFFECTED TO THE SAME EXTENT BY GENETIC AND NONHERITABLE FACTORS. GENETIC FACTORS HAVE BEEN THOROUGHLY ASSESSED, WHEREAS THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS WHEREBY NONHERITABLE FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF CF PATIENTS ARE STILL UNKNOWN. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY REPRESENT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN NONHERITABLE FACTORS AND PHENOTYPIC VARIATION IN CF. HEREIN, WE REVIEW RECENT STUDIES SHOWING THAT DNA METHYLATION IS ALTERED IN CF AND WE ADDRESS THREE POSSIBLE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THESE VARIATIONS: (I) OVERPRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, (II) DEPLETION OF DNA METHYLATION COFACTORS AND (III) SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. ALSO, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE UNIQUE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF EACH PATIENT CAN MODULATE THE PHENOTYPE AND DISCUSS THE INTEREST OF IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED GENOMIC, EPIGENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC STUDIES TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND THE CLINICAL DIVERSITY OF CF PATIENTS (GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT).	2020