1 6087 116 THE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISES ON CIRCULATING SOLUBLE-KLOTHO AND IGF-I IN YOUNG AND ELDERLY ADULTS AND IN CAD PATIENTS. DIFFERENT STUDIES SUPPORT THE NOTION THAT CHRONIC AEROBIC EXERCISES TRAINING CAN INFLUENCE THE CIRCULATING LEVELS OF SOLUBLE-KLOTHO (S-KLOTHO) AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF-I). THE EFFECTS OF S-KLOTHO INCLUDE IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE, ALLEVIATING THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF AGE ON THE BODY'S WORK CAPACITY, AND POSSIBLY INCREASING LONGEVITY. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE LATEST FINDINGS IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH IN HUMANS. THE DIFFERENT MODES OF DYNAMIC EXERCISE AND THEIR IMPACT ON CIRCULATING LEVELS OF S-KLOTHO AND IGF-I IN YOUNG ADULT ATHLETES, UNTRAINED YOUNG ADULTS, TRAINED HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS, UNTRAINED HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS, AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) PATIENTS ARE REVIEWED AND DISCUSSED. TOGETHER THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT LONG-LASTING (CHRONIC) AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE ANTIAGING FACTORS THAT COUNTERACT THE AGING AND CAD PROCESS BY INCREASING THE CIRCULATING S-KLOTHO AND LOWERING THE IGF-I LEVELS. HOWEVER, FOLLOWING ANAEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING THE OPPOSITE OCCURS. THE EXACT METABOLIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE ACTIVITY OF THESE WELL-TRAINED YOUNG AND MASTER SPORTSMEN SHOULD BE FURTHER STUDIED AND ELUCIDATED. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW WAS TO PROVIDE A CLARIFICATION REGARDING THE ROLES OF S-KLOTHO AND INTENSITIES AND DURATIONS OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE ON HUMAN HEALTH. 2017 2 3899 24 LATE NEUROLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION: RISK FACTORS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPROACHES. ZIKA VIRUS (ZIKV) INFECTION WAS HISTORICALLY CONSIDERED A DISEASE WITH MILD SYMPTOMS AND NO MAJOR CONSEQUENCES TO HUMAN HEALTH. HOWEVER, SEVERAL LONG-TERM, LATE ONSET, AND CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS, BOTH IN CONGENITALLY-EXPOSED BABIES AND IN ADULT PATIENTS, HAVE BEEN REPORTED AFTER ZIKV INFECTION, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE 2015 EPIDEMICS IN THE AMERICAN CONTINENT. THE DEVELOPMENT OR SEVERITY OF THESE CONDITIONS CANNOT BE FULLY PREDICTED, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE THAT GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DETERMINE ZIKV INFECTION OUTCOMES. THIS REINFORCES THE IMPORTANCE THAT INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO ZIKV ARE SUBMITTED TO LONG-TERM CLINICAL SURVEILLANCE AND HIGHLIGHTS THE URGENT NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE NEUROLOGICAL BURDEN OF INFECTION. HERE, WE REVIEW THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ZIKV-ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND THE ROLE OF FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE DISEASE OUTCOME. MOREOVER, WE DISCUSS EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DRUGS THAT HAVE SHOWN PROMISING RESULTS IN VITRO OR IN VITRO AGAINST VIRAL REPLICATION AND AND/OR ZIKV-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY. 2019 3 2616 23 EPIGENOME MODULATION INDUCED BY KETOGENIC DIETS. KETOGENIC DIETS (KD) ARE DIETARY STRATEGIES LOW IN CARBOHYDRATES, NORMAL IN PROTEIN, AND HIGH, NORMAL, OR REDUCED IN FAT WITH OR WITHOUT (VERY LOW-CALORIES KETOGENIC DIET, VLCKD) A REDUCED CALORIC INTAKE. KDS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY, METABOLIC DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS, NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES, AND VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS CANCER, NONALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, AND CHRONIC PAIN. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE INVESTIGATED THE INTRACELLULAR METABOLIC PATHWAYS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THESE DIETS. ALTHOUGH EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF AN ORGANISM'S ABILITY TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES, DATA ON THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THESE DIETARY PATHWAYS ARE STILL LIMITED. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH KDS. 2022 4 4019 25 LOW-DOSE OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED BIOEFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT ACUTE OR CHRONIC LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION (LDIR) (