1 5530 166 RNA-SEQ IMPLICATES DEREGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIVERTICULITIS. INDIVIDUALS WITH DIVERTICULA OR OUTPOUCHINGS OF THE COLONIC MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA THROUGH THE COLONIC WALL HAVE DIVERTICULOSIS, WHICH IS USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC. IN 10-25% OF INDIVIDUALS, THE DIVERTICULA BECOME INFLAMED, RESULTING IN DIVERTICULITIS. VERY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OR GENE REGULATORY PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERTICULITIS. TO IDENTIFY THESE PATHWAYS, WE DEEP SEQUENCED RNAS ISOLATED FROM FULL-THICKNESS SECTIONS OF SIGMOID COLON FROM DIVERTICULITIS PATIENTS AND CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. SPECIFICALLY FOR DIVERTICULITIS CASES, WE ANALYZED TISSUE ADJACENT TO AREAS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC DISEASE. SINCE THE TISSUE WAS COLLECTED DURING ELECTIVE SIGMOID RESECTION, THE DISEASE WAS IN A QUIESCENT STATE. A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES FOUND THAT GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMMUNE RESPONSE WERE UPREGULATED IN DIVERTICULITIS PATIENTS COMPARED WITH NONDIVERTICULOSIS CONTROLS. NEXT, WEIGHTED GENE COEXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY THE INTERACTION AMONG COEXPRESSED GENES. THIS ANALYSIS REVEALED RASAL3, SASH3, PTPRC, AND INPP5D AS HUB GENES WITHIN THE BROWN MODULE EIGENGENE, WHICH HIGHLY CORRELATED (R = 0.67, P = 0.0004) WITH DIVERTICULITIS. ADDITIONALLY, WE IDENTIFIED ELEVATED EXPRESSION OF DOWNSTREAM INTERACTING GENES. IN SUMMARY, TRANSCRIPTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMMUNE RESPONSE WERE UPREGULATED IN ADJACENT TISSUE FROM THE SIGMOID COLONS OF CHRONIC, RECURRENT DIVERTICULITIS PATIENTS. FURTHER ELUCIDATING THE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE ALTERATIONS CAN HELP IDENTIFY THOSE AT RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASE AND MAY ASSIST IN CLINICAL DECISION MANAGEMENT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY BY USING AN UNBIASED APPROACH TO ANALYZE TRANSCRIPTS EXPRESSED IN UNAFFECTED COLONIC TISSUES ADJACENT TO THOSE AFFECTED BY CHRONIC DIVERTICULITIS, OUR STUDY IMPLICATES THAT A DEFECT IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE. THIS FINDING EXPANDS ON THE CURRENT DATA THAT SUGGEST THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIVERTICULITIS IS MEDIATED BY DIETARY, AGE, AND OBESITY-RELATED FACTORS. FURTHER CHARACTERIZING THE IMMUNOLOGIC DIFFERENCES IN DIVERTICULITIS MAY BETTER INFORM CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING.	2017	
                                                                                                                      
2 3764  45 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA IDENTIFIES EPAS1 AS A KEY REGULATOR OF COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE. GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE KNOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO COPD RISK AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. THEREFORE WE DEVELOPED A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY REGULATORS OF COPD THAT INTEGRATES GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND PHENOTYPE DATA IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD AND CONTROL SAMPLES. OUR INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 126 KEY REGULATORS OF COPD. WE IDENTIFIED EPAS1 AS THE ONLY KEY REGULATOR WHOSE DOWNSTREAM GENES SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH MULTIPLE GENES SETS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD DISEASE SEVERITY. EPAS1 IS DISTINCT IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER KEY REGULATORS IN TERMS OF METHYLATION PROFILE AND DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. GENES PREDICTED TO BE REGULATED BY EPAS1 WERE ENRICHED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING SIGNALING, CELL COMMUNICATIONS, AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. WE CONFIRMED THAT EPAS1 PROTEIN LEVELS ARE LOWER IN HUMAN COPD LUNG TISSUE COMPARED TO NON-DISEASE CONTROLS AND THAT EPAS1 GENE EXPRESSION IS REDUCED IN MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. AS EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, WE TESTED EPAS1 FUNCTION IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. EPAS1 KNOCKDOWN BY SIRNA IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IMPACTED GENES THAT SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES IN LUNG TISSUE INCLUDING HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES, AND GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY. OUR FIRST INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES ILLUSTRATES THAT NOT ONLY DOES DNA METHYLATION PLAY A 'CAUSAL' ROLE IN THE MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD, BUT IT CAN BE LEVERAGED TO DIRECTLY IDENTIFY NOVEL KEY MEDIATORS OF THIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3 1584  34 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF SELECTED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. BY MEANS OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS ANALYSIS, WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED THE MRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VARIOUS GENES INVOLVED IN THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRAINS OF SUBJECTS WITH LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (LOAD). SOME OF THESE GENES, NAMELY INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6, SHOWED DISTINCT EXPRESSION PROFILES WITH PEAK EXPRESSION DURING THE FIRST STAGES OF THE DISEASE AND CONTROL-LIKE LEVELS AT LATER STAGES. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 GENES ARE MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; IT IS ALSO WELL KNOWN THAT LOAD MAY HAVE AN EPIGENETIC BASIS. INDEED, WE AND OTHERS HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN LOAD AND IN RELATED ANIMAL MODELS. BASED ON THESE DATA, WE STUDIED THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, AT SINGLE CYTOSINE RESOLUTION, OF IL-1BETA AND IL-6 5'-FLANKING REGION BY BISULPHITE MODIFICATION IN THE CORTEX OF HEALTHY CONTROLS AND LOAD PATIENTS AT 2 DIFFERENT DISEASE STAGES: BRAAK I-II/A AND BRAAK V-VI/C. OUR ANALYSIS PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT NEUROINFLAMMATION IN LOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH (AND POSSIBLY MEDIATED BY) EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
4   51  46 A DISTINCT EPIGENETIC PROFILE DISTINGUISHES STENOTIC FROM NON-INFLAMED FIBROBLASTS IN THE ILEAL MUCOSA OF CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: THE CHRONIC REMITTING AND RELAPSING INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION CHARACTERISTIC OF CROHN'S DISEASE FREQUENTLY LEADS TO FIBROSIS AND SUBSEQUENT STENOSIS OF THE INFLAMED REGION. APPROXIMATELY A THIRD OF ALL CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS REQUIRE RESECTION AT SOME STAGE IN THEIR DISEASE COURSE. AS THE PATHOGENESIS OF CROHN'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED FIBROSIS IS LARGELY UNKNOWN, A STRONG NECESSITY EXISTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THEREOF. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED CHANGES OF THE DNA METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME OF ILEUM-DERIVED FIBROBLASTS ASSOCIATED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF CROHN'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED FIBROSIS. EIGHTEEN SAMPLES WERE INCLUDED IN A DNA METHYLATION ARRAY AND TWENTY-ONE SAMPLES WERE USED FOR RNA SEQUENCING. RESULTS: MOST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE OBSERVED WHEN COMPARING STENOTIC WITH NON-INFLAMED SAMPLES. BY CONTRAST, FEW DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED WHEN COMPARING CROHN'S DISEASE WITH NON-CROHN'S DISEASE, OR INFLAMED WITH NON-INFLAMED TISSUE. INTEGRATIVE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSES REVEALED DYSREGULATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED TO THE PRKACA AND E2F1 NETWORK, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, ANGIOGENESIS, EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, AND BILE METABOLISM. CONCLUSION: OUR RESEARCH PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT THE METHYLOME AND THE TRANSCRIPTOME ARE SYSTEMATICALLY DYSREGULATED IN STENOSIS-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5 2637  46 EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY IDENTIFIES EPIGENETIC OUTLIERS IN NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER. NONGENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO COLORECTAL CANCER CONTINUES TO BE DIFFICULT TO MEASURE PRECISELY, HAMPERING EFFORTS IN TARGETED PREVENTION AND SCREENING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER CAN SERVE AS A TOOL IN PREDICTING COLORECTAL CANCER OUTCOMES. WE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AFFECTING THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER. DNA METHYLATION PROFILING ON NORMAL COLON MUCOSA FROM 77 PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER AND 68 CONTROLS IDENTIFIED A DISTINCT SUBGROUP OF NORMALLY-APPEARING MUCOSA WITH MARKEDLY DISRUPTED DNA METHYLATION AT A LARGE NUMBER OF CPGS, TERMED AS "OUTLIER METHYLATION PHENOTYPE" (OMP) AND ARE PRESENT IN 15 OF 77 PATIENTS WITH CANCER VERSUS 0 OF 68 CONTROLS (P < 0.001). SIMILAR FINDINGS WERE ALSO SEEN IN PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASETS. COMPARISON OF NORMAL COLON MUCOSA TRANSCRIPTION PROFILES OF PATIENTS WITH OMP CANCER WITH THOSE OF PATIENTS WITH NON-OMP CANCER INDICATES GENES WHOSE PROMOTERS ARE HYPERMETHYLATED IN THE OMP PATIENTS ARE ALSO TRANSCRIPTIONALLY DOWNREGULATED, AND THAT MANY OF THE GENES MOST AFFECTED ARE INVOLVED IN INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS, THE MUCUS LAYER, AND THE MICROBIOME. ANALYSIS OF 16S RRNA PROFILES SUGGESTS THAT NORMAL COLON MUCOSA OF OMPS ARE ENRICHED IN BACTERIAL GENERA ASSOCIATED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER RISK, ADVANCED TUMOR STAGE, CHRONIC INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION, MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS, AND KRAS MUTATIONS. IN CONCLUSION, OUR STUDY IDENTIFIES AN EPIGENETICALLY DISTINCT OMP GROUP IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DISRUPTED METHYLOME, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION, AND MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS. PROSPECTIVE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO DETERMINE WHETHER OMP COULD SERVE AS A BIOMARKER FOR AN ELEVATED EPIGENETIC RISK FOR COLORECTAL CANCER DEVELOPMENT. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIES AN EPIGENETICALLY DISTINCT OMP GROUP IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DISRUPTED METHYLOME, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION, AND MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS. IDENTIFICATION OF OMPS IN HEALTHY CONTROLS AND PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER WILL LEAD TO PREVENTION AND BETTER PROGNOSIS, RESPECTIVELY.	2022	
                                                                                                        
6 1545  44 DNA METHYLATION IN LIVER TUMORIGENESIS IN FISH FROM THE ENVIRONMENT. THE LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, ALTERATION IN DNA METHYLATION AND CANCER HAS BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED IN HUMANS; YET, IT IS UNDER-STUDIED IN UNSEQUENCED NON-MODEL ORGANISMS. THE OCCURRENCE OF LIVER TUMORS IN THE FLATFISH DAB COLLECTED AT CERTAIN UK SAMPLING SITES EXCEEDS 20%, YET THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TUMOR FORMATION ARE NOT KNOWN, ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE BALANCE BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC FACTORS. METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (MEDIP) COMBINED WITH DE NOVO HIGH-THROUGHPUT DNA SEQUENCING WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN DAB HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA TUMORS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN AN UNSEQUENCED SPECIES. NOVEL CUSTOM-MADE DAB GENE EXPRESSION ARRAYS WERE DESIGNED AND USED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN ADDITION, THE CONFIRMATORY TECHNIQUES OF BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR (BSP) AND RT-PCR WERE APPLIED. GENES INVOLVED IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CANCER, INCLUDING APOPTOSIS, WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING AND GENOMIC AND NON-GENOMIC ESTROGEN RESPONSES, WERE ALTERED BOTH IN METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTION. GLOBAL METHYLATION WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY 1.8-FOLD REDUCED IN HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA AND NON-CANCEROUS SURROUNDING TISSUES COMPARED WITH LIVER FROM NON-CANCER BEARING DAB. BASED ON THE IDENTIFIED CHANGES AND CHEMICAL EXPOSURE DATA, OUR STUDY SUPPORTS THE EPIGENETIC MODEL OF CANCER. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A MIXTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS CONTRIBUTES TO A GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY FURTHER EPIGENETIC AND GENOMIC CHANGES. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST A LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, EPIGENETICS AND CANCER IN FISH TUMORS IN THE WILD AND SHOW THE UTILITY OF THIS METHODOLOGY FOR STUDIES IN NON-MODEL ORGANISMS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7 6826  49 [GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS INDICATES INVOLVEMENT OF THIS EPIGENETIC PROCESS IN THE DISEASE IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS]. THE PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), A CHRONIC DISEASE OF THE CNS, INCLUDES AUTOIMMUNE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE COMPONENTS. IN MOST CASES, PATIENTS DEVELOP RELAPSING-REMITTING MS (RRMS), WHILE 10-15% OF PATIENTS DEVELOP PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MS (PPMS), WHICH DIFFERS FROM RRMS IN THE MECHANISMS OF THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS, SOME DEMOGRAPHIC, AND SOME CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS. THESE DIFFERENCES MAY BE EXPLAINED BY THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PPMS INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION AS ONE OF THE KEY EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. THE FEATURES OF DNA METHYLATION IN VARIOUS CELL POPULATIONS IN PPMS PATIENTS REMAIN UNDERSTUDIED. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES (DMSS) OF THE GENOME OF CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES, WHICH CHARACTERIZE PPMS. THE STUDY INCLUDED EIGHT TREATMENT-NAIVE PPMS PATIENTS AND EIGHT HEALTHY CONTROLS. GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION OF CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES WAS PERFORMED USING HIGH-DENSITY DNA MICROARRAYS. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED 108 DMSS, WHICH DISTINGUISH PPMS PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. IN PPMS PATIENTS 81% OF THE DMSS ARE HYPERMETHYLATED. MORE THAN A HALF OF THE IDENTIFIED DMSS ARE LOCATED IN KNOWN GENES IN CPG ISLANDS AND ADJACENT REGIONS, WHICH INDICATES A HIGH FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE DMSS IN PPMS DEVELOPMENT. ANALYSIS OF THE OVERREPRESENTATION OF DMS-CONTAINING GENES IN THE MAIN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES DEMONSTRATES THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN THE REGULATION OF CELL ADHESION TO THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, I.E., ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES OF PPMS PATIENTS INDICATES THE INVOLVEMENT OF THIS EPIGENETIC PROCESS IN THE IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. THESE RESULTS MAY HELP BETTER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOGENESIS OF THIS SEVERE FORM OF MS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8 1567  44 DNA METHYLATION OF THE KLF14 GENE REGION IN WHOLE BLOOD CELLS PROVIDES PREDICTION FOR THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 14 (KLF14) GENE, WHICH APPEARS TO BE A MASTER REGULATOR OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY LARGE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. IN ORDER TO FIND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON AGEING AND OBESITY, WHICH ARE T2D RISK FACTORS, AND EXAMINES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGES. WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE KLF14 PROMOTER REGION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE FOR COMPARING AGING AND WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE SITES WERE INCREASED WITH AGING AND WEIGHT IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE KIDNEY, THE LUNG, THE COLON AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. IN ADDITION, IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD, THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY LEVELS. MOREOVER, NOT ONLY KLF14, BUT ALSO EXPRESSION LEVELS OF SOME DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE DECREASED WITH METHYLATION IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION CHANGES OF KLF14 IN THOSE TISSUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION ON THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF OBESITY AND T2D. IN ADDITION, THE METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS MAY SERVE AS A PREDICTIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9 3959  45 LONG NON-CODING RNAS TARGET PATHOGENETICALLY RELEVANT GENES AND PATHWAYS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE DRIVEN BY GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) ARE A KEY COMPONENT OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND ARE KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. IN THIS WORK WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS (DE-LNCRNAS) THAT ARE FUNCTIONALLY CONNECTED TO MODULATED GENES STRICTLY ASSOCIATED WITH RA. IN TOTAL, 542,500 TRANSCRIPTS HAVE BEEN PROFILED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM FOUR PATIENTS WITH EARLY ONSET RA PRIOR ANY TREATMENT AND FOUR HEALTHY DONORS USING CLARIOM D ARRAYS. RESULTS WERE CONFIRMED BY REAL-TIME PCR IN 20 PATIENTS AND 20 CONTROLS. SIX DE-LNCRNAS TARGET EXPERIMENTALLY VALIDATED MIRNAS ABLE TO REGULATE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) IN RA; AMONG THEM, ONLY FTX, HNRNPU-AS1 AND RP11-498C9.15 TARGETED A LARGE NUMBER OF DEGS. MOST IMPORTANTLY, RP11-498C9.15 TARGETED THE LARGEST NUMBER OF SIGNALLING PATHWAYS THAT WERE FOUND TO BE ENRICHED BY THE GLOBAL AMOUNT OF RA-DEGS AND THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH RA AND RA-SYNOVIOCYTES. MOREOVER, RP11-498C9.15 TARGETED THE MOST HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES IN THE RA INTERACTOME, THUS SUGGESTING ITS INVOLVEMENT IN CRUCIAL GENE REGULATION. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT, BY MODULATING BOTH MICRORNAS AND GENE EXPRESSION, RP11-498C9.15 MAY PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN RA PATHOGENESIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10 2653  39 EPIGENOTYPING IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA AND BREAST CANCER RISK: A PROOF OF PRINCIPLE STUDY. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS. TWO ALTERATIONS IN THE PATTERN OF DNA METHYLATION IN BREAST CANCER (BC) HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED; ACTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ER-ALPHA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED METHYLATION OF ER-ALPHA TARGET (ERT) GENES, AND POLYCOMB GROUP TARGET (PCGT) GENES ARE MORE LIKELY THAN OTHER GENES TO HAVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN CANCER. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL UNRELATED CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BC RISK AND WHETHER THESE IMPRINTS CAN BE RELATED TO FACTORS WHICH CAN BE MODIFIED BY THE ENVIRONMENT, IS UNCLEAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: USING QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (N = 1,083) WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA PROVIDES GOOD PREDICTION OF BC RISK. WE ALSO REPORT THAT INVASIVE DUCTAL AND INVASIVE LOBULAR BC IS CHARACTERIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT SETS OF GENES, THE LATTER PARTICULAR BY GENES INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MESENCHYME (PITX2, TITF1, GDNF AND MYOD1). FINALLY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ONLY ERT GENES PREDICT ER POSITIVE BC; LACK OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION OF ZNF217 PREDICTED BC INDEPENDENT OF AGE AND FAMILY HISTORY (ODDS RATIO 1.49; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1.12-1.97; P = 0.006) AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ER-ALPHA BIOACTIVITY IN THE CORRESPONDING SERUM. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: THIS FIRST LARGE-SCALE EPIGENOTYPING STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A LINK BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE GENOME. FACTORS THAT CAN BE MODULATED BY THE ENVIRONMENT (LIKE ESTROGENS) LEAVE AN IMPRINT IN THE DNA OF CELLS THAT ARE UNRELATED TO THE TARGET ORGAN AND INDICATE THE PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOP A CANCER. FURTHER RESEARCH WILL NEED TO DEMONSTRATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WILL BE ABLE TO SERVE AS A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES WITH SUFFICIENT ACCURACY TO GUIDE PREVENTIVE MEASURES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11 2730  58 EXPLORING THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)-1 INFECTION BASED ON WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS (WGCNA). BACKGROUND: ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) IS A CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CONSISTENT IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES CAN BE USED AS BIOMARKERS FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF AIDS AND POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. METHODS: A WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING THE GSE6740 DATASET FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION SYNTHESIS DATABASE TO IDENTIFY THE HUB GENE, WHICH CONTAINED MICROARRAY DATA FROM HIV-1 POSITIVE (HIV-1(+)) AND HIV-1 NEGATIVE (HIV-1(-)) INDIVIDUALS. THE HIV-1(+)-RELATED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE THEN IDENTIFIED USING THE LIMMA PACKAGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE CHARACTERISTIC IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED AS DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR HIV-1(+) USING THE RANDOM FOREST MODEL (RF), SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE MODEL, AND GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL. RESULTS: MEDARKGREEN EXHIBITED THE STRONGEST CORRELATION WITH HIV CLINICAL FEATURES OF ANY OF THESE MODULES. AS THE BEST MODEL FOR DIAGNOSING HIV-1(+/-), RF WAS USED TO SELECT FOUR CRITICAL IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES, NAMELY, ARRB1, DPEP2, LTBP3, AND RGCC, AND A NOMOGRAM MODEL WAS CREATED TO PREDICT THE OCCURRENCE OF HIV-1 INFECTION BASED ON FOUR KEY IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES. DIAGNOSTIC GENES WERE SHOWN TO BE ENGAGED IN IMMUNE-RELATED PATHWAYS, SUGGESTING THAT IMMUNOLOGICAL MOLECULES, IMMUNE CELLS, AND IMMUNE PATHWAYS ALL HAVE A ROLE IN HIV-1 INFECTION. THE CTD DATABASE WAS EXPLORED FOR PROSPECTIVE MEDICATIONS OR MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THAT MIGHT BE UTILIZED TO TREAT HIV-1(+) PATIENTS. = MOREOVER, IN HIV-1(+) INDIVIDUALS, THE CERNA NETWORK REVEALED THAT ARRB1, DPEP2, LTBP3, AND RGCC COULD BE REGULATED BY LNCRNAS THROUGH THE CORRESPONDING MIRNAS. ULTIMATELY, RT-PCR RESULTS FROM CLINICAL BLOOD SAMPLES DEMONSTRATED THAT THE FOUR DIAGNOSTIC GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN HIV-1(+) PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: WE SCREENED FOUR IMMUNE CELL-RELATED GENES, ARRB1, DPEP2, LTBP3, AND RGCC, WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS THE DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR HIV-1/AIDS. OUR FINDINGS REVEAL THAT IMMUNE RELATED GENES AND PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN HIV-1 PATHOGENESIS WERE REGULATED ON BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC LEVELS BY CONSTRUCTING A CERNA NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH LNCRNA.	2022	

12 6468  29 TISSUE-SPECIFIC ENRICHMENT OF LYMPHOMA RISK LOCI IN REGULATORY ELEMENTS. THOUGH NUMEROUS POLYMORPHISMS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF DEVELOPING LYMPHOMA, HOW THESE VARIANTS FUNCTION TO PROMOTE TUMORIGENESIS IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE, WE REPORT THAT LYMPHOMA RISK SNPS, ESPECIALLY IN THE NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA SUBTYPE CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, ARE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR CO-LOCALIZATION WITH EPIGENETIC MARKS OF ACTIVE GENE REGULATION. THESE ENRICHMENTS WERE SEEN IN A LYMPHOID-SPECIFIC MANNER FOR NUMEROUS ENCODE DATASETS, INCLUDING DNASE-HYPERSENSITIVITY AS WELL AS MULTIPLE SEGMENTATION-DEFINED ENHANCER REGIONS. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFY PUTATIVELY FUNCTIONAL SNPS THAT ARE BOTH IN REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN LYMPHOCYTES AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN BLOOD. WE DEVELOPED AN ALGORITHM, UES, THAT USES A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH TO CALCULATE THE ENRICHMENT OF PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED RISK SNPS IN VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS. THIS MULTISCALE APPROACH INTEGRATING MULTIPLE DATASETS HELPS DISENTANGLE THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY OF LYMPHOMA, AND MORE BROADLY, IS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO GWAS RESULTS FROM OTHER DISEASES AS WELL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13 6081  49 THE EFFECT OF FOXO GENE FAMILY VARIANTS AND GLOBAL DNA METYLATION ON RRMS DISEASE. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC DISEASE THAT USUALLY OCCURS WITH EXACERBATIONS AND REMISSIONS IN YOUNG ADULTS, AFFECTS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM WHITE MATTER IN MULTIPLE LOCALIZATION, AND IS THOUGHT TO BE THE RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, THE MOST COMMON FORM IS RELAPSING-REMITTING MS. FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS O CLASS (FOXO) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REGULATION OF VARIOUS CELLULAR PROCESSES INCLUDING CELL CYCLE, APOPTOSIS, DNA REPAIR, CELLULAR RESISTANCE AND METABOLISM. DNA METHYLATION IS SUCH AN EPIGENETIC CHANGE AND HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH ALMOST ANY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY TO SHOW THE RELATION BETWEEN THE GENETIC VARIANTS OF FOXO3A (RS2253310 RS4966936) AND FOXO1 (RS3900833, RS4581585) AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN RRMS. WE ANALYZED DNA OBTAINED FROM 79 RRMS PATIENTS AND 104 HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS BY PCR-RFLP METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF GENETIC VARIANTS. FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, RESULTS WERE OBTAINED USING ELISA METHOD. THE DATA WERE EVALUATED STATISTICALLY. AS A RESULT OF OUR ANALYSIS; GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IS HIGHER IN RRMS PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROL INDIVIDUALS AND IT CAN BE EFFECTIVE ON THE DISEASE. IN ADDITION, IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED THAT VARIANTS OF FOXO3A (RS2253310, RS4966936) AND FOXO1 (RS3900833), WHICH HAVE BEEN GENOTYPED, MAY BE EFFECTIVE IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DNAMETHYLATION AND FOXO GENE VARIANTS MAY BE EFFECTIVE IN NEURONAL LOSS IN RRMS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  546  44 ATTENUATED EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1 CAUSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. BACKGROUND: SLCO2A1 ENCODES A PROSTAGLANDIN (PG) TRANSPORTER, AND AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF THIS GENE CAUSE CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT OF SLCO2A1 HAS A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OTHER TYPES OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF A LOCAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATION IN SLCO2A1 IN PATIENTS WITH A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF SAMPLES FROM 2 SISTERS WITH SUSPECTED MONOGENIC IBD. IN ADDITION, WE PERFORMED BISULFITE SEQUENCING USING DNA EXTRACTED FROM THEIR SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE SAMPLES TO EXPLORE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. RESULTS: A HETEROZYGOUS SPLICING SITE VARIANT, SLCO2A1:C.940 + 1G > A, WAS DETECTED IN BOTH PATIENTS. TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, WE ANALYZED PROTEIN AND MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1, AND OBSERVED ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF THESE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THAT IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. FURTHERMORE, BISULFITE SEQUENCING INDICATED DENSE METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLCO2A1 ONLY IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF BOTH PATIENTS. THE URINARY PG METABOLITE LEVELS IN THESE PATIENTS WERE COMPARABLE TO THOSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1 AND HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. WE FOUND CONSIDERABLY HIGHER LEVELS OF THE METABOLITES IN PATIENT 1, WHO SHOWED MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS THAN PATIENT 2. CONCLUSIONS: LOCAL DNA METHYLATION ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY EVOKE LOCAL INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOSA BY THE UNINCORPORATED PG. THESE FINDINGS MAY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING IBD DEVELOPMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15  276  32 AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MONOCYTE DNA METHYLATION AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY KENYAN ADULTS AND CHILDREN. BACKGROUND: AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ADAPTIVE AND INNATE IMMUNE CELLS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH A DECLINE IN EFFECTIVE IMMUNITY AND CHRONIC, LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN MONOCYTES OCCUR WITH AGING, THOUGH MOST STUDIES TO DATE HAVE FOCUSED ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN YOUNG ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY IN POPULATIONS WITH EUROPEAN ANCESTRY; FEW DATA EXIST REGARDING CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN CIRCULATING MONOCYTES DURING THE FIRST FEW DECADES OF LIFE OR IN AFRICAN POPULATIONS. WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, CYTOKINE PRODUCTION, AND INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN MONOCYTES FROM YOUNG ADULTS AND CHILDREN FROM WESTERN KENYA. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL HYPO- AND HYPER-METHYLATED CPG SITES IN MONOCYTES FROM KENYAN YOUNG ADULTS VS. CHILDREN THAT REPLICATED FINDINGS IN THE CURRENT LITERATURE OF DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN MONOCYTES FROM ELDERLY PERSONS VS. YOUNG ADULTS ACROSS DIVERSE POPULATIONS. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WERE ALSO NOTED IN GENE REGIONS IMPORTANT TO INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES. MONOCYTES FROM KENYAN YOUNG ADULTS VS. CHILDREN DISPLAYED INCREASED PRODUCTION OF IL-8, IL-10, AND IL-12P70 IN RESPONSE TO TLR4 AND TLR2/1 STIMULATION AS WELL AS DISTINCT INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS COMPLEMENT PREVIOUS REPORTS OF AGE-RELATED METHYLATION CHANGES IN ISOLATED MONOCYTES AND PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN INNATE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
16 1607  38 DNA METHYLATION, COLON CANCER AND MEDITERRANEAN DIET: RESULTS FROM THE EPIC-ITALY COHORT. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD) PROTECTS AGAINST COLON CANCER (CC) ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHWAY. BOTH DIET AND CC ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE PERFORMED A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON 161 PAIRS FROM THE ITALIAN COMPONENT OF THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) COHORT, IN WHICH WE LOOKED FOR THE METHYLATION SIGNALS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM LEUCOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CC AND MD IN 995 CPGS LOCATED IN 48 INFLAMMATION GENES. THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNALS DETECTED IN THIS ANALYSIS WERE VALIDATED IN A SUBGROUP OF 47 CASE-CONTROL PAIRS AND FURTHER REPLICATED (WHERE VALIDATED) IN 95 NEW PAIRS BY MEANS OF PYROSEQUENCING. AMONG THE CPG SITES SELECTED A-PRIORI IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES, SEVEN CPG SITES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CC STATUS AND WITH MD, IN LINE WITH ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT. ONLY TWO CPG SITES (CG17968347-SERPINE1 AND CG20674490-RUNX3) WERE VALIDATED USING BISULPHITE PYROSEQUENCING AND, AFTER REPLICATION, WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF CG20674490-RUNX3 MAY BE A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MEDIATOR EXPLAINING THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MD ON CC ONSET. THE USE OF A 'MEET-IN-THE-MIDDLE' APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE OVERLAP BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF DISEASE IS INNOVATIVE IN STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND CANCER, IN WHICH EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IS DIFFICULT AND THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE NUTRIENTS EXERT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS LARGELY UNKNOWN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17 2776  43 EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MALE RATS: THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IS CONSIDERED AS A CRITICAL TIME WINDOW FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LONG-TERM METABOLIC STATES AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS. EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (EUGR) CAUSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL DISADVANTAGES DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD ON PULMONARY VASCULAR CONSEQUENCES IN LATER LIFE ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION MEDIATES THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF THIS EARLY POSTNATAL EVENT. METHODS AND RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ISOLATED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY MAGNETIC-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING FROM EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. A POSTNATAL INSULT, NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION-INDUCED EUGR CAUSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNE PRECIPITATION CHIP, GENOME-SCALE MAPPING STUDIES TO SEARCH FOR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN CONTROL AND EUGR RATS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CYTOSINE METHYLATION BETWEEN EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. EUGR CHANGES THE CYTOSINE METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCI IN MALE RATS AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE, PRECEDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THESE REPRESENT THE CANDIDATE LOCI FOR MEDIATING THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE THAT OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES SHOWED THAT HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT-ASSOCIATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE LATE-DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES. WE VALIDATED CANDIDATE DYSREGULATED LOCI WITH THE QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSIONS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION IS A STRONG MECHANISM FOR PROPAGATING THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF EARLY POSTNATAL EVENTS, CAUSING CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND LONG-TERM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, AND FURTHER PROVIDING A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EUGR-RELATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                 
18 2395  45 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN MIST1(-/-) MICE PREDICTS THE MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. GENE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE CORE PROTEINS WITHIN CHROMATIN. CHANGES IN THESE MODIFICATIONS, OR EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, CAN DICTATE CELL FATE AND PROMOTE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS THAT OCCURS FOLLOWING ABLATION OF MIST1 (MIST1(-/-) ), WHICH IS REPRESSED IN PANCREATIC DISEASE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUE 4 ON HISTONE 3 (H3K4ME3) IN PURIFIED ACINAR CELLS FROM WILD TYPE AND MIST1(-/-) MICE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) OR CHIP-QPCR. H3K4ME3-ENRICHED GENES WERE ASSESSED FOR EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR IN PANCREATIC TISSUE BEFORE AND AFTER INDUCTION OF CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. WHILE MOST OF H3K4ME3-ENRICHMENT IS RESTRICTED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES, >25% OF ENRICHMENT SITES ARE FOUND WITHIN, DOWNSTREAM OR BETWEEN ANNOTATED GENES. LESS THAN 10% OF THESE SITES WERE ALTERED IN MIST1(-/-) ACINI, WITH MOST CHANGES IN H3K4ME3 ENRICHMENT NOT REFLECTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES DIFFERENTIALLY-ENRICHED FOR H3K4ME3 REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION WITH PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE. MOST OF THESE GENES WERE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BUT SEVERAL WERE READILY INDUCED BY ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE RELATIVE TO WILD TYPE MICE. WE SUGGEST THAT THE CHRONIC CELL STRESS OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF MIST1 RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROMOTING PANCREATITIS TO A POISED STATE, THEREBY INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO EVENTS THAT PROMOTE DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 2820  33 FINE-MAPPING INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE LOCI TO SINGLE-VARIANT RESOLUTION. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES ARE CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS THAT AFFECT MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED 200 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI, BUT FEW HAVE BEEN CONCLUSIVELY RESOLVED TO SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS. HERE WE REPORT FINE-MAPPING OF 94 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE LOCI USING HIGH-DENSITY GENOTYPING IN 67,852 INDIVIDUALS. WE PINPOINT 18 ASSOCIATIONS TO A SINGLE CAUSAL VARIANT WITH GREATER THAN 95% CERTAINTY, AND AN ADDITIONAL 27 ASSOCIATIONS TO A SINGLE VARIANT WITH GREATER THAN 50% CERTAINTY. THESE 45 VARIANTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR PROTEIN-CODING CHANGES (N = 13), DIRECT DISRUPTION OF TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR BINDING SITES (N = 3), AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MARKS (N = 10), WITH THE LAST CATEGORY SHOWING ENRICHMENT IN SPECIFIC IMMUNE CELLS AMONG ASSOCIATIONS STRONGER IN CROHN'S DISEASE AND IN GUT MUCOSA AMONG ASSOCIATIONS STRONGER IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THAT HIGH-RESOLUTION FINE-MAPPING IN LARGE SAMPLES CAN CONVERT MANY DISCOVERIES FROM GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES INTO STATISTICALLY CONVINCING CAUSAL VARIANTS, PROVIDING A POWERFUL SUBSTRATE FOR EXPERIMENTAL ELUCIDATION OF DISEASE MECHANISMS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20 2533  39 EPIGENETICS IN AUTOIMMUNE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES. BACKGROUND. AUTOIMMUNE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES (ACTDS) ENCOMPASS A HETEROGENEOUS GROUP OF CHRONIC IMMUNE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS, PRIMARILY AFFECTING CONNECTIVE TISSUES AND CLINICALLY CHARACTERIZED BY VARIABLE MULTISYSTEM MANIFESTATIONS, FREQUENTLY OVERLAPPING. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE THOUGHT TO PROMOTE ACTD DEVELOPMENT IN GENETIC PREDISPOSING/ENDOCRINE PERMISSIVE BACKGROUND THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, CONSISTING OF STABLE, HERITABLE, BUT POTENTIALLY REVERSIBLE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, OCCURRING WITHOUT ALTERATIONS OF THE DNA SEQUENCE. ACTUALLY, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, DNA METHYLATION, NUCLEOSOME POSITIONING, AND RNA INTERFERENCE) LINK GENOTYPE UPSTREAM AND PHENOTYPE DOWNSTREAM, AND, IF PERSISTENTLY ABERRANT, MAY CAUSE A VARIETY OF HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING ACTDS. WE AIMED TO REVIEW THE RECENT ADVANCES IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ACTD EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. METHODS: A DETAILED SEARCH OF THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE WAS PERFORMED IN THE PUBMED (U.S. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE) DATABASE. RESULTS: GROWING EVIDENCE UNDERLINES THE RELEVANT ROLE OF EPIGENETIC DEFECTS IN THE ACTD PATHOGENESIS, AND SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC PATTERNS CAN REPRESENT DISEASE BIOMARKERS. IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS INTERACT DETERMINING THE TYPICAL "AGGRESSIVE" PHENOTYPE DISPLAYED BY RA SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROFIBROTIC PROCESS THAT CHARACTERIZES SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SJOGREN'S SYNDROME, COMPLEX EPIGENETIC CHANGES ALTERING GENE EXPRESSION HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED. CONCLUSIONS: COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES WILL CONTRIBUTE TO FURTHER DEFINE THE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE ACTDS ETIOPATHOGENESIS. MOREOVER, BEING EPIGENETIC CHANGES POTENTIALLY REVERSIBLE, THE IDENTIFICATION OF ACTDS EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS WILL ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES ADDRESSED TO TARGET DYSREGULATED GENES AND CORRECT ABERRANT EPIGENOMIC ALTERATIONS.	2014