1 5385 178 REDOX BALANCE SIGNALLING IN OCCUPATIONAL STRESS: MODIFICATION BY NUTRACEUTICAL INTERVENTION. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS CAN BE VIEWED AS A SYSTEM-WIDE DERANGEMENT OF CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS, WITH HEIGHTENED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND TRIGGERED PROINFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TWOFOLD: A) TO REPLICATE FINDINGS THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS INCREASES OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND B) TO DETERMINE WHETHER A FERMENTED PAPAYA PREPARATION KNOWN TO EXERT SIGNIFICANT PROTECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES COULD BUFFER SUCH INCREASES IN NUCLEAR DNA DAMAGE WHILE ALSO INDUCING EPIGENETIC PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS. TWENTY-EIGHT SEDENTARY MEN AND WOMEN (AGE RANGE: 28-52), WHO REPORTED LIVING A STRESSFUL LIFESTYLE BUT WITH AN OVERALL POSITIVE ATTITUDE, WERE RECRUITED FOR THIS STUDY. CHRONIC DISEASES AS WELL AS SEVERE BURNOUT AND USE OF DRUGS FOR ANXIETY CONSTITUTED EXCLUSION CRITERIA. SUBJECTS WERE SUPPLEMENTED FOR 1 MONTH WITH 9 G/DAY (4.5 G TWICE A DAY) OF A CERTIFIED FERMENTED PAPAYA PREPARATION. ALL SUBJECTS WERE GIVEN A STRESS AND SLEEP QUALITY QUESTIONNAIRE TOGETHER WITH A DIET AND LIFE STYLE ASSESSMENT. BLOOD WAS COLLECTED AT 2 AND 4 WEEK, ERYTHROCYTE AND LEUKOCYTE WERE SEPARATED TO ASSESS REDOX BALANCE AND HEME OXYGENASE-1 (HO-1) GENE EXPRESSION WHILE BILIRUBIN OXIDIZED METABOLITES (BOMS) WERE TESTED IN THE URINE. STRESSED INDIVIDUALS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT ABNORMALITY OF REDOX STATUS WITH INCREASED MDA OF ERYTHROCYTE AND INCREASED LEVEL OF 8-0HDG IN LEUKOCYTE AND BOMS EXCRETION (P<0.05). NUTRACEUTICAL SUPPLEMENTATION BROUGHT ABOUT A NORMALIZATION OF SUCH VALUES ALREADY AT THE 2 WEEK OBSERVATION (P<0.05) TOGETHER WITH A SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION OF HO-1 (P<0.01). TAKEN TOGETHER, THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY CONFIRM THAT STRESSFUL OCCUPATIONAL LIFE PER SE, WITHOUT ANY OVERT PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS, MAY BE ASSOCIATED TO INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS. SUPPLEMENTATION WITH FUNCTIONAL FOOD AFFECTING REDOX REGULATION MAY BE PART OF THE THERAPEUTIC ARMAMENTARIUM TO BE CONSIDERED IN THIS CLINICAL SETTING.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2 5318  35 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINE INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT ATTENUATING IMMUNOSENESCENCE: A REVIEW. THERE IS EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THAT IMMUNOSENESCENCE CAN BE ACCELERATED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS CHRONIC STRESS. HERE WE REVIEW POTENTIAL PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINE DETERMINANTS OF PREMATURE AGING OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND DISCUSS AVAILABLE INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT ATTENUATING IMMUNOSENESCENCE. CHRONIC STRESS MAY ACCELERATE VARIOUS FEATURES OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE BY ACTIVATING KEY ALLOSTATIC SYSTEMS, NOTABLY THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS. THE IMMUNOLOGICAL IMPACT OF SUCH NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION MAY BE FURTHER AMPLIFIED BY A DRAMATIC DECLINE IN DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA) LEVELS, ACTING IN PART AS AN ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOID ANTAGONIST. STRESS-BUFFERING STRATEGIES SHOW BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON VARIOUS BIOMARKERS IN ELDERLY POPULATIONS. LIKEWISE, SUPPLEMENTATION OF DHEA, MELATONIN OR GROWTH HORMONE HAS YIELDED SIGNIFICANT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS IN A NUMBER OF STUDIES, INCLUDING: INCREASED WELL-BEING, MEMORY PERFORMANCE, BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND IMPROVED IMMUNOCOMPETENCE AS EVIDENCED BY RESULTS OF IN VITRO (T CELL PROLIFERATION, CYTOTOXICITY, CYTOKINE PRODUCTION), AND IN VIVO IMMUNE CHALLENGES. HOWEVER, THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF HORMONAL SUPPLEMENTATION ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. FINALLY, MODERATE EXERCISE VIA THE PROMOTION OF CORTISOL/DHEA BALANCE OR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER SERUM PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, GREATER LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES AND LOWER COUNTS OF SENESCENT T CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT IMMUNE SYSTEM IS PLASTIC AND IMMUNOSENESCENCE CAN BE ATTENUATED PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINE INTERVENTIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3 6720  45 VITAMIN D METABOLISM GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. CONTEXT: RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT VITAMIN D MAY INTERACT WITH THE EPIGENOME AND PLAY A ROLE IN THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. IN ORDER FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING TO OCCUR, THERE MUST BE AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF VITAMIN D PRESENT, MADE POSSIBLE BY ENZYMATIC REACTIONS THAT ALLOW VITAMIN D TO BE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE OF GENES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. PROCEDURES: COMMUNITY-DWELLING INDIVIDUALS RECRUITED AS PART OF A LARGER STUDY FOCUSED ON KNEE PAIN PROVIDED DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL AND PAIN-RELATED INFORMATION, AS WELL AS AN INTRAVENOUS BLOOD SAMPLE TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CPG SITES. MAIN FINDINGS: THERE WERE DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION BETWEEN THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT PAIN IN GENES THAT CODE FOR ENZYMES RELATED TO VITAMIN D METABOLISM: CYP24A1 (24-HYDROXYLASE) AND CYP27B1 (1-?-HYDROXYLASE). THERE WAS ALSO HYPERMETHYLATION ON THE GENE THAT CODES FOR THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND CELLULAR FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS LAY GROUNDWORK IN UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND CHRONIC PAIN.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4 5193  42 PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PRO-OXIDANTS INDUCES MITOCHONDRIA-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PILOT STUDY. MITOCHONDRIA PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN MAINTAINING CELLULAR AND METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS DURING VITAL DEVELOPMENT CYCLES OF FOETAL GROWTH. OPTIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS ARE IMPORTANT NOT ONLY TO SUSTAIN ADEQUATE ENERGY PRODUCTION BUT ALSO FOR REGULATED EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING. HOWEVER, THESE ORGANELLES ARE SUBTLE TARGETS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, AND ANY PERTURBANCE IN THE DEFINED MITOCHONDRIAL MACHINERY DURING THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE CAN LEAD TO THE RE-PROGRAMMING OF THE FOETAL EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE. AS THESE MODIFICATIONS CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS, WE HEREIN PERFORMED A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO HAVE AN IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF THIS INTRICATE PHENOMENON. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH TWO ARMS: WHEREAS THE FIRST GROUP CONSISTED OF IN UTERO PRO-OXIDANT EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS AND THE SECOND GROUP INCLUDED CONTROLS. OUR RESULTS SHOWED HIGHER LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE MTDNA DAMAGE AND ASSOCIATED INTEGRATED STRESS RESPONSE AMONG THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS. THESE DISTURBANCES WERE FOUND TO BE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE OBSERVED DISCREPANCIES IN MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS. THE EXPOSED GROUP SHOWED MTDNA HYPERMETHYLATION AND CHANGES IN ALLIED MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONING. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MITOMIRS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE TARGET GENES IN THE EXPOSED GROUP INDICATED THE POSSIBILITIES OF A DISTURBED MITOCHONDRIAL-NUCLEAR CROSS TALK. THIS WAS FURTHER CONFIRMED BY THE MODIFIED ACTIVITY OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS REGULATORS AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AMONG THE EXPOSED GROUP. IMPORTANTLY, THE DISTURBED DNMT FUNCTIONING, HYPERMETHYLATION OF NUCLEAR DNA, AND HIGHER DEGREE OF POST-TRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ESTABLISHED THE EXISTENCE OF ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THE FIRST MOLECULAR INSIGHTS OF IN UTERO PRO-OXIDANT EXPOSURE ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL-EPIGENETIC AXIS. ALTHOUGH, OUR STUDY MIGHT NOT CEMENT AN EXPOSURE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP FOR ANY PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENTAL PRO-OXIDANT, BUT SUFFICE TO ESTABLISH A DOGMA OF MITO-EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AT INTRAUTERINE MILIEU WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS, A HITHERTO UNREPORTED INTERACTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5 5894  33 T CELL EPIGENETIC REMODELING AND ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING ARE LINKED TO LONG-TERM IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS. BACKGROUND: CANCER TREATMENTS HAVE SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVAL BUT ARE ACCOMPANIED BY LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS, NOTABLY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CANCER TREATMENTS COULD LEAD TO LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMMUNE CELLS, RESULTING IN INCREASED PREVALENCE OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN CANCER SURVIVORS. RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ESTABLISHED THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM 44 CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS (CCS, > 16 YEARS OLD) ON FULL REMISSION (> 5 YEARS) WHO HAD RECEIVED CHEMOTHERAPY ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION (TBI) AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT). WE FOUND THAT MORE THAN 10 YEARS POST-TREATMENT, CCS TREATED WITH TBI/HSCT SHOWED AN ALTERED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE IN T CELL, PARTICULARLY AT GENES CONTROLLING IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. DNA METHYLATION REMODELING IN T CELL WAS PARTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC EXPRESSION CHANGES OF NEARBY GENES, INCREASED FREQUENCY OF TYPE 1 CYTOKINE-PRODUCING T CELL, ELEVATED SYSTEMIC LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES, AND OVER-ACTIVATION OF RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS. SURVIVORS EXPOSED TO TBI/HSCT WERE FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY AN EPIGENETIC-AGING-SIGNATURE OF T CELL CONSISTENT WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING. TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF IRRADIATION TO THESE CHANGES, WE ESTABLISHED TWO CELL CULTURE MODELS. WE IDENTIFIED THAT RADIATION PARTIALLY RECAPITULATED THE IMMUNE CHANGES OBSERVED IN SURVIVORS THROUGH A BYSTANDER EFFECT THAT COULD BE MEDIATED BY CIRCULATING FACTORS. CONCLUSION: CANCER TREATMENTS, IN PARTICULAR TBI/HSCT, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM IMMUNE DISTURBANCES. WE PROPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF IMMUNE CELLS FOLLOWING CANCER THERAPY AUGMENTS INFLAMMATORY- AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES, INCLUDING METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS, IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6 1503  32 DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO OR IN VIVO. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA INDICATE THAT CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO HAVE A GREATER RELATIVE RISK OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT, MAJOR AND MINOR BIRTH DEFECTS, AND RARE DISORDERS INVOLVING IMPRINTED GENES, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. WE EXAMINED DNA METHYLATION AT MORE THAN 700 GENES (1536 CPG SITES) IN PLACENTA AND CORD BLOOD AND MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUBSET OF GENES THAT DIFFERED IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN PLACENTA AND HIGHER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN CORD BLOOD. WE ALSO FIND THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES AT BOTH IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES. THE RANGE OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROUPS OVERLAPS SUBSTANTIALLY BUT SOME INDIVIDUALS FROM THE IN VITRO GROUP DIFFER FROM THE IN VIVO GROUP MEAN BY MORE THAN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS. SEVERAL OF THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS, SUCH AS OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY BE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GAMETES OR EARLY EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM COUPLES UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY. ALTERNATIVELY, ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN EITHER CASE, THESE DIFFERENCES OR CHANGES MAY AFFECT LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
7 3652  35 INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERN SHIFTS IN NANOPARTICLES-EXPOSED WORKERS ANALYZED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS. A DNA METHYLATION PATTERN REPRESENTS AN ORIGINAL PLAN OF THE FUNCTION SETTINGS OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS AND TISSUES. THE BASIC STRATEGIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES DURING THE HUMAN LIFETIME ARE KNOWN, BUT THE DETAILS RELATED TO ITS MODIFICATION OVER THE YEARS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED. MOREOVER, CURRENT EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE COULD GENERATE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION SETTINGS AND, SUBSEQUENTLY, THE FUNCTION OF GENES. IN THIS STUDY, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NANOPARTICLES (NP) IN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS REPEATEDLY SAMPLED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS (2016-2019). A DETAILED METHYLATION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF 14 PERSONS (10 EXPOSED AND 4 CONTROLS) WAS PERFORMED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS. A MICROARRAY-BASED APPROACH USING CHIPS, ALLOWING THE ASSESSMENT OF MORE THAN 850 K CPG LOCI, WAS USED. INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE COMPARED BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA). THE RESULTS SHOW THE SHIFT IN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN INDIVIDUAL YEARS IN ALL THE EXPOSED AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. THE OVERALL RANGE OF DIFFERENCES VARIED BETWEEN THE YEARS IN INDIVIDUAL PERSONS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FIRST AND LAST YEAR OF EXAMINATION (A THREE-YEAR TIME PERIOD) SEEM TO BE CONSISTENTLY GREATER IN THE NP-EXPOSED SUBJECTS IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTROLS. THE SELECTED 14 MOST DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED CG LOCI WERE RELATIVELY STABLE IN THE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED SUBJECTS. IN SUMMARY, THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE FIXING OF RELEVANT EPIGENETIC CHANGES RELATED TO A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AS, E.G., NP INHALATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8 6159  39 THE GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS OF FATIGUE. FATIGUE IS A COMMON SYMPTOM AND INCLUDES BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL COMPONENTS. IT CAN BE ASSOCIATED WITH A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SYNDROMES AND DISEASES, BUT IN MANY CASES IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER COMORBID CONDITIONS. MOST HUMANS HAVE EXPERIENCED ACUTE FATIGUE IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT STRESSORS. ACUTE FATIGUE TYPICALLY DECREASES AS THE EFFECT OF THE TRIGGERING FACTOR IS REDUCED AND A NORMAL HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE IS RESTORED. FATIGUE THAT PERSISTS FOR 6 MONTHS OR MORE IS TERMED CHRONIC FATIGUE. CHRONIC FATIGUE (CF) IN COMBINATION WITH A MINIMUM OF 4 OF 8 SYMPTOMS AND THE ABSENCE OF DISEASES THAT COULD EXPLAIN THESE SYMPTOMS, CONSTITUTE THE CASE DEFINITION FOR CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. IN SPITE OF ITS PREVALENCE, THE BIOLOGY OF FATIGUE IS RELATIVELY POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND BIOLOGICAL MARKERS HAVE NOT YET BEEN IDENTIFIED. THIS LITERATURE SEARCH WAS PERFORMED IN PUBMED TO IDENTIFY RESEARCH ON THE GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS OF FATIGUE. PUBLICATIONS WERE INCLUDED IF FATIGUE WAS A MAJOR TOPIC AND THE TOPIC WAS COMBINED WITH GENETIC AND/OR EPIGENETIC MEASUREMENTS IN ADULT HUMANS. A TOTAL OF 40 PUBLICATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED. ALTHOUGH ALTERED FUNCTIONING IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS, THE SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM, AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INFECTIOUS AGENTS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, THE SEARCH FOR GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC MARKERS OF FATIGUE, EITHER IN THE CONTEXT OF CF OR CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS) HAS BEEN RELATIVELY UNPRODUCTIVE OR, IN THE CASE OF EPIGENETICS, NONEXISTENT. ALTHOUGH SEVERAL STUDIES, BOTH HYPOTHESIS-TESTING AND HYPOTHESIS-GENERATING, HAVE BEEN PERFORMED TO SEARCH FOR BIOMARKERS, THEY HAVE MOSTLY BEEN UNDERPOWERED, RESTRICTED BY THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE PHENOTYPE, OR LIMITED BY AN UNSYSTEMATIC STUDY DESIGN. TO BE ABLE TO CONFIRM THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RISK FOR, OR LEVELS OF, FATIGUE ARE INFLUENCED BY THE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC BACKGROUND OF AN INDIVIDUAL, STUDIES NEED TO BE BASED ON LARGER SAMPLE SIZES WITH A MORE CLEARLY DEFINED PHENOTYPE. STUDIES NEED TO FOCUS NOT ONLY ON THE INFLUENCE OF A SINGLE ASPECT SUCH AS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) OR DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION ON DISEASE RISK OR STATE, BUT ALSO ON THE SYSTEMS BIOLOGY BEHIND THE DISEASE IN COMBINATION WITH INFORMATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AND VALIDATION OF FINDINGS IN FUNCTIONAL STUDIES.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9 2093  36 EPIGENETIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INTRODUCTION: ACUTE EXERCISE AND EXERCISE TRAINING MAY CONFER EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. EPIGENETIC EFFECTS AFTER EXERCISE HAVE BEEN SHOWED IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS TO SUMMARIZE THE EVIDENCE FROM AVAILABLE CLINICAL TRIALS THAT STUDY EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AFTER EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. METHODS: THE SEARCH STRATEGY WAS PERFORMED IN PUBMED AND CENTRAL DATABASES ON ARTICLES PUBLISHED UNTIL SEPTEMBER 2020. STUDIES WITH TITLES AND ABSTRACTS RELEVANT TO EXERCISE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION APPLIED TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS WERE FULLY EXAMINED. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA WERE UTILIZED FOR STUDIES SCREENING. QUALITY ASSESSMENT WITH PEDRO SCALE AND EVALUATION BY TWO INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: OF THE 1714 ARTICLES RETRIEVED, 88 ARTICLES WERE ASSESSED FOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND 8 ARTICLES MATCHED OUR SEARCH CRITERIA AND FINALLY INCLUDED IN THE SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS. THE ACUTE EXERCISE EPIGENETIC (MIRNAS) EFFECTS WERE ASSESSED IN THREE STUDIES AND THE CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING EFFECTS (MIRNAS AND DNA METHYLATION) IN SIX STUDIES. THE RESULTS HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS POSSIBLY AN ACUTE SIGNIFICANT EXERCISE EFFECT ON EPIGENETIC TARGETS WHICH IS MORE EVIDENT AFTER CHRONIC EXERCISE TRAINING. CONCLUSIONS: BY THE PRESENT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE PROVIDE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF BENEFICIAL EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. MORE CONTROLLED STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO CONFIRM SUCH EVIDENCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10  948  30 CHRONIC METABOLIC DERANGEMENT-INDUCED COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND NEUROTOXICITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REST INACTIVATION. CHRONIC METABOLIC ALTERATIONS MAY REPRESENT A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, DEMENTIA, OR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. HYPERGLYCEMIA AND OBESITY ARE KNOWN TO IMPRINT EPIGENETIC MARKERS THAT COMPROMISE THE PROPER EXPRESSION OF CELL SURVIVAL GENES. HERE, WE SHOWED THAT CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA (60 DAYS) INDUCED BY A SINGLE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF STREPTOZOTOCIN COMPROMISED COGNITION BY REDUCING HIPPOCAMPAL ERK SIGNALING AND BY INDUCING NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. THE MECHANISMS APPEAR TO BE LINKED TO REDUCED ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AND DIMINISHED EXPRESSION OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REST. THE IMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADIPOSITY AND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION ON REST EXPRESSION WAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN OBESE CHILDREN WITH REDUCED LEVELS OF BLOOD ASCORBATE. THE REVERSIBLE NATURE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND THE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT REPORTED IN OBESE CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS SUGGEST THAT THE CORRECTION OF THE ANTHROPOMETRY AND THE PERIPHERAL METABOLIC ALTERATIONS WOULD PROTECT BRAIN HOMEOSTASIS AND REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
11  706  41 BUTYRATE AND DIETARY SOLUBLE FIBER IMPROVE NEUROINFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH AGING IN MICE. AGING RESULTS IN CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION THAT CAN ALTER NEUROINFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. SPECIFICALLY, MICROGLIA SHIFT TO A PRO-INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE PREDISPOSING THEM TO HYPERACTIVATION UPON STIMULATION BY PERIPHERAL IMMUNE SIGNALS. IT IS PROPOSED THAT CERTAIN NUTRIENTS CAN DELAY BRAIN AGING BY PREVENTING OR REVERSING MICROGLIAL HYPERACTIVATION. BUTYRATE, A SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACID (SCFA) PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY BACTERIAL FERMENTATION OF FIBER IN THE COLON, HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED PHARMACOLOGICALLY AS A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR AND SERVES AS AN ATTRACTIVE THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATE, AS BUTYRATE HAS ALSO BEEN SHOWN TO BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMPROVE MEMORY IN ANIMAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT BUTYRATE CAN ATTENUATE PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN MICROGLIA IN AGED MICE. IT IS STILL NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, HOWEVER, IF AN INCREASE IN BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA IN THE GUT AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A DIET HIGH IN SOLUBLE FIBER COULD AFFECT MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION DURING AGING. ADULT AND AGED MICE WERE FED EITHER A 1% CELLULOSE (LOW FIBER) OR 5% INULIN (HIGH FIBER) DIET FOR 4 WEEKS. FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MICE FED INULIN HAD AN ALTERED GUT MICROBIOME AND INCREASED BUTYRATE, ACETATE, AND TOTAL SCFA PRODUCTION. IN ADDITION, HISTOLOGICAL SCORING OF THE DISTAL COLON DEMONSTRATED THAT AGED ANIMALS ON THE LOW FIBER DIET HAD INCREASED INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE THAT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN ANIMALS CONSUMING THE HIGH FIBER DIET. FURTHERMORE, GENE EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS, EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, AND THE MICROGLIAL SENSORY APPARATUS (I.E., THE SENSOME) WERE ALTERED BY BOTH DIET AND AGE, WITH AGED ANIMALS EXHIBITING A MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MICROGLIAL PROFILE ON THE HIGH FIBER DIET. TAKEN TOGETHER, HIGH FIBER SUPPLEMENTATION IN AGING IS A NON-INVASIVE STRATEGY TO INCREASE BUTYRATE LEVELS, AND THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT AN INCREASE IN BUTYRATE THROUGH ADDED SOLUBLE FIBER SUCH AS INULIN COULD COUNTERBALANCE THE AGE-RELATED MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO NEUROLOGICAL BENEFITS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12 5756  34 SOCIOECONOMIC DEPRIVATION, ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND MEDICAL DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD: MECHANISMS AND ASSOCIATIONS. SEVERE SOCIOECONOMIC DEPRIVATION (SED) AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE) ARE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT IN ADULTHOOD OF (I) ENHANCED INFLAMMATORY STATUS AND/OR HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS DYSFUNCTION AND (II) NEUROLOGICAL, NEUROPROGRESSIVE, INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THESE ASSOCIATIONS TAKE PLACE ARE DETAILED. THE TWO SETS OF CONSEQUENCES ARE THEMSELVES STRONGLY ASSOCIATED, WITH THE FIRST SET LIKELY CONTRIBUTING TO THE SECOND. MECHANISMS ENABLING BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE BRAIN ARE DESCRIBED, INCLUDING COMPLEX SIGNALLING PATHWAYS FACILITATED BY FACTORS AT THE LEVEL OF IMMUNE CELLS. ALSO DETAILED ARE MECHANISMS UNDERPINNING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SED, ACE AND THE GENESIS OF PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO IMMUNE SYSTEM-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION. THE DURATION AND MAGNITUDE OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES CAN BE INFLUENCED BY GENETIC FACTORS, INCLUDING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, AND BY EPIGENETIC FACTORS, WHEREBY PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB AFFECT GENE DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ALSO INDUCE SEVERAL MICRORNAS INCLUDING MIR-155, MIR-181B-1 AND MIR-146A. ADULT HPA AXIS ACTIVITY IS REGULATED BY (I) GENETIC FACTORS, SUCH AS GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS; (II) EPIGENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR FUNCTION OR EXPRESSION, INCLUDING THE METHYLATION STATUS OF ALTERNATIVE PROMOTER REGIONS OF NR3C1 AND THE METHYLATION OF FKBP5 AND HSD11BETA2; (III) CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC NITROSATIVE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. FINALLY, IT IS SHOWN HOW SEVERE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ADVERSELY AFFECTS MITOCHONDRIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN BRAIN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA COPY NUMBER AND TRANSCRIPTION; MITOCHONDRIA CAN ACT AS COURIERS OF CHILDHOOD STRESS INTO ADULTHOOD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13 5189  31 PRENATAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INDUCES IMMUNOMETABOLIC ALTERATION AND RENAL INJURY IN RATS. ARSENIC (AS) EXPOSURE IS PROGRESSIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A LEADING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN PRESENT WORLDWIDE. THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF AS EXPOSURE ON THE KIDNEYS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AS ENDEMIC AREAS HAVE NOT BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. FURTHERMORE, THE IMPACT OF ONLY PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO AS ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD ALSO HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF AS 0.04 AND 0.4 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT (0.04 AND 0.4 PPM, RESPECTIVELY) ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD IN MALE OFFSPRING USING A WISTAR RAT MODEL. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE WAS SUFFICIENT TO ELEVATE THE EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC (TGF-BETA1) AND PROINFLAMMATORY (IL-1ALPHA, MIP-2ALPHA, RANTES, AND TNF-ALPHA) CYTOKINES AT 2-DAY, 12- AND 38-WEEK TIME POINTS IN THE EXPOSED PROGENY. FURTHER, ALTERATION IN ADIPOGENIC FACTORS (GHRELIN, LEPTIN, AND GLUCAGON) WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN 12- AND 38-WEEK OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. AN ALTERED LEVEL OF THESE FACTORS COINCIDES WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS ACCOMPANIED BY PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DAMAGE. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS AND GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DAMAGE IN THE KIDNEYS OF 38-WEEK-OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. FURTHERMORE, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1 IN KIDNEYS CORRESPONDS WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TGF-BETA1 GENE-BODY, INDICATING A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF TGF-BETA1 EXPRESSION. OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE TO MALES CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT THE IMMUNOMETABOLISM OF OFFSPRING WHICH CAN PROMOTE KIDNEY DAMAGE LATER IN LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14 3936  32 LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREA FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES ACCELERATES EPIGENETIC AGE. INFLAMMAGING IS A LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATORY STATE GENERATED BY THE AGING PROCESS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO FRAILTY AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES IN THE ELDERLY. HOWEVER, IT CAN HAVE DISTINCT EFFECTS IN THE ELDERLY LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREAS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES. AN INCREASED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MAY CONFER PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN THESE AREAS, ALTHOUGH THIS ADVANTAGE CAN CAUSE ACCELERATING EPIGENETIC AGING. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE INFLAMMATORY PROFILE AND THE EPIGENETIC AGE OF INFECTED AND NONINFECTED INDIVIDUALS FROM AN ENDEMIC AREA IN BRAZIL. THE PROFILE OF CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS ANALYZED IN THE SERA OF THE TWO GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS SHOWED SIMILARITIES, ALTHOUGH INFECTED INDIVIDUALS HAD A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF THESE MEDIATORS. A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL-1RA, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4 PRODUCTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LEPROSY INFECTION. NOTABLY, ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS DISPLAYED DISTINCT IMMUNE RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR INFECTION STATUS WHEN COMPARED TO ADULTS SUGGESTING AN ADAPTIVE REMODELLING OF THEIR IMMUNE RESPONSES. EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS ALSO SHOWED THAT THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN EPIGENETIC AGE BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS. HOWEVER, INDIVIDUALS FROM THE ENDEMIC AREA HAD A SIGNIFICANT ACCELERATED AGING WHEN COMPARED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM SAO PAULO, A NON-ENDEMIC AREA IN BRAZIL. MOREOVER, THE LATTER COHORT WAS ALSO EPIGENETICALLY AGED IN RELATION TO AN ITALIAN COHORT. OUR DATA SHOWS THAT LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREAS FOR CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESULTS IN REMODELLING OF INFLAMMAGING AND ACCELERATION OF EPIGENETIC AGING IN INDIVIDUALS REGARDLESS OF THEIR INFECTIOUS STATUS. IT ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THAT GEOGRAPHICAL, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE AGING AND IMMUNOSENESCENCE IN THEIR PACE AND PROFILE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15  887  24 CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION IN ADULTHOOD. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN AFFECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE STRESS SYSTEM, LEADING TO ITS PERSISTENT DYSREGULATION AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED DISEASE RISK IN ADULTHOOD. ONE CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IS THOUGHT TO BE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS TREATED CHRONICALLY WITH CORTISOL DEVELOP INTO ADULTS WITH CONSTITUTIVELY ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL AND ABERRANT IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION. HERE WE FURTHER CHARACTERIZE THAT PHENOTYPE BY ASSESSING PERSISTENT EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT ON CORTISOL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS, CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY, AND ACTIVITIES OF GLUCOCORTICOID-RESPONSIVE REGULATORY GENES KLF9 AND FKBP5. TO THAT END CORTISOL LEVELS IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF FED AND FASTED ADULTS WERE MEASURED USING ELISA, OPEN CHROMATIN IN ADULT BLOOD CELLS WAS MAPPED USING ATAC-SEQ, AND GENE ACTIVITY IN ADULT BLOOD AND BRAIN CELLS WAS MEASURED USING QRT-PCR. RESULTS: ADULTS DERIVED FROM CORTISOL-TREATED EMBRYOS HAVE ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL WITH ABERRANTLY REGULATED TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS THAT CORRELATE WITH DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVITY OF KLF9 AND FKBP5 IN BLOOD AND BRAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16 5305  43 PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS OF HUMAN OBESITY REVEALS THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR HDAC4 AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR OBESITY. SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND EXCESSIVE ENERGY INTAKE ARE PROMINENT CONTRIBUTORS TO OBESITY; A MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. ELUCIDATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE CHRONIC CONDITIONS IS OF RELEVANT IMPORTANCE AS IT MIGHT LEAD TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL ANTI-OBESITY TARGETS. THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED PROTEINS BETWEEN LEAN AND OBESE SUBJECTS THROUGH A SHOT-GUN QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS APPROACH USING PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) EXTRACTS AS WELL AS POTENTIAL MODULATION OF THOSE PROTEINS BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. USING THIS APPROACH, A TOTAL OF 47 PROTEINS SHOWED AT LEAST 1.5 FOLD CHANGE BETWEEN LEAN AND OBESE SUBJECTS. IN OBESE, THE PROTEOMIC PROFILING BEFORE AND AFTER 3 MONTHS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF 38 PROTEINS. THROMBOSPONDIN 1 (TSP1) WAS AMONG THE PROTEINS THAT WERE UPREGULATED IN OBESE SUBJECTS AND THEN DECREASED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. CONVERSELY, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4 (HDAC4) WAS DOWNREGULATED IN OBESE SUBJECTS AND THEN INDUCED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. THE PROTEOMIC DATA WAS FURTHER VALIDATED BY QRT-PCR, WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN BOTH PBMCS AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT HDAC4 LEVELS CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2 MAX) BUT NEGATIVELY WITH BODY MASS INDEX, PERCENT BODY FAT, AND THE INFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE RANTES. IN FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS, OUR DATA INDICATED THAT ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF HDAC4 SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRED TNF-ALPHA-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB, ESTABLISHING THUS A LINK BETWEEN HDAC4 AND REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. TOGETHER, THE EXPRESSION PATTERN OF HDAC4 IN OBESE SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISE, ITS CORRELATION WITH VARIOUS PHYSICAL, CLINICAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS ALONG WITH ITS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON NF-KAPPAB ARE SUGGESTIVE OF A PROTECTIVE ROLE OF HDAC4 AGAINST OBESITY. HDAC4 COULD THEREFORE REPRESENT A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND PRESUMABLY INSULIN RESISTANCE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17 4093  35 MATERNAL SEPARATION FOLLOWED BY CHRONIC MILD STRESS IN ADULTHOOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONCERTED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF AP-1 COMPLEX GENES. DEPRESSION IS ONE OF THE MOST PREVALENT MENTAL DISEASES WORLDWIDE. PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES OFTEN HAVE A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD NEGLECT, INDICATING THAT EARLY-LIFE EXPERIENCES PREDISPOSE TO PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD. TWO STRONG MODELS WERE USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY: THE MATERNAL SEPARATION/EARLY DEPRIVATION MODEL (MS) AND THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS MODEL (CMS). IN BOTH MODELS, WE FOUND CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF GENES SUCH AS CREB AND NPY. STRIKINGLY, THERE WAS A CLEAR REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF FOUR GENES INVOLVED IN THE AP-1 COMPLEX: C-FOS, C-JUN, FOSB, AND JUN-B. INTERESTINGLY, DIFFERENT EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE OBSERVED DEPENDING ON THE MODEL, WHEREAS THE COMBINATION OF THE MODELS RESULTED IN A NORMAL LEVEL OF GENE EXPRESSION. THE EFFECTS OF MS AND CMS ON GENE EXPRESSION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DISTINCT HISTONE METHYLATION/ACETYLATION PATTERNS OF ALL FOUR GENES. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, LIKE GENE EXPRESSION, WERE ALSO DEPENDENT ON THE SPECIFIC STRESSOR OR THEIR COMBINATION. THE OBTAINED RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SINGLE LIFE EVENTS LEAVE A MARK ON GENE EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF GENE PROMOTERS, BUT A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT STRESSORS AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES CAN FURTHER CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC FACTORS, POSSIBLY CAUSING THE LONG-LASTING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF STRESS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  266  39 ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS FOR IONIZING RADIATION AND BREAST CANCER INVOLVE DIRECT AND INDIRECT DNA DAMAGE, OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, GENOMIC INSTABILITY, AND INTERACTION WITH HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE BREAST. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ESTABLISHED BREAST CARCINOGENS CAN SUPPORT IMPROVED AND MODERNIZED TOXICOLOGICAL TESTING METHODS BY IDENTIFYING KEY MECHANISTIC EVENTS. IONIZING RADIATION (IR) INCREASES THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER, ESPECIALLY FOR WOMEN AND FOR EXPOSURE AT YOUNGER AGES, AND EVIDENCE OVERALL SUPPORTS A LINEAR DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP. WE USED THE ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAY (AOP) FRAMEWORK TO OUTLINE AND EVALUATE THE EVIDENCE LINKING IONIZING RADIATION WITH BREAST CANCER FROM MOLECULAR INITIATING EVENTS TO THE ADVERSE OUTCOME THROUGH INTERMEDIATE KEY EVENTS, CREATING A QUALITATIVE AOP. WE IDENTIFIED KEY EVENTS BASED ON REVIEW ARTICLES, SEARCHED PUBMED FOR RECENT LITERATURE ON KEY EVENTS AND IR, AND IDENTIFIED ADDITIONAL PAPERS USING REFERENCES. WE MANUALLY CURATED PUBLICATIONS AND EVALUATED DATA QUALITY. IONIZING RADIATION DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY CAUSES DNA DAMAGE AND INCREASES PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES (RONS). RONS LEAD TO DNA DAMAGE AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES LEADING TO MUTATIONS AND GENOMIC INSTABILITY (GI). PROLIFERATION AMPLIFIES THE EFFECTS OF DNA DAMAGE AND MUTATIONS LEADING TO THE AO OF BREAST CANCER. SEPARATELY, RONS AND DNA DAMAGE ALSO INCREASE INFLAMMATION. INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS (EFFECTS IN CELLS NOT DIRECTLY REACHED BY IR) VIA POSITIVE FEEDBACK TO RONS AND DNA DAMAGE, AND SEPARATELY INCREASES PROLIFERATION AND BREAST CANCER THROUGH PRO-CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS ON CELLS AND TISSUE. FOR EXAMPLE, GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES ALTER INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, RESULTING IN IMPROVED SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF CANCER CELLS AND A MORE HOSPITABLE TISSUE ENVIRONMENT. ALL OF THESE EVENTS OVERLAP AT MULTIPLE POINTS WITH EVENTS CHARACTERISTIC OF "BACKGROUND" INDUCTION OF BREAST CARCINOGENESIS, INCLUDING HORMONE-RESPONSIVE PROLIFERATION, OXIDATIVE ACTIVITY, AND DNA DAMAGE. THESE OVERLAPS MAKE THE BREAST PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO IONIZING RADIATION AND REINFORCE THAT THESE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ARE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCINOGENS. AGENTS THAT INCREASE THESE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED POTENTIAL BREAST CARCINOGENS, AND PREDICTIVE METHODS ARE NEEDED TO IDENTIFY CHEMICALS THAT INCREASE THESE PROCESSES. TECHNIQUES ARE AVAILABLE TO MEASURE RONS, DNA DAMAGE AND MUTATION, CELL PROLIFERATION, AND SOME INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS OR PROCESSES. IMPROVED ASSAYS ARE NEEDED TO MEASURE GI AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AS WELL AS THE INTERACTION WITH HORMONALLY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION. SEVERAL METHODS MEASURE DIVERSE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, BUT IT IS NOT CLEAR WHICH CHANGES ARE RELEVANT TO BREAST CANCER. IN ADDITION, MOST TOXICOLOGICAL ASSAYS ARE NOT CONDUCTED IN MAMMARY TISSUE, AND SO IT IS A PRIORITY TO EVALUATE IF RESULTS FROM OTHER TISSUES ARE GENERALIZABLE TO BREAST, OR TO CONDUCT ASSAYS IN BREAST TISSUE. DEVELOPING AND APPLYING THESE ASSAYS TO IDENTIFY EXPOSURES OF CONCERN WILL FACILITATE EFFORTS TO REDUCE SUBSEQUENT BREAST CANCER RISK.	2020	

19  422  29 ANNEXIN-A1 DEFICIENCY ATTENUATES STRESS-INDUCED TUMOR GROWTH VIA FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN MICE: AN INTEGRATED MULTIPLE OMICS ANALYSIS ON THE STRESS- MICROBIOME-METABOLITE-EPIGENETIC-ONCOLOGY (SMMEO) AXIS. BACKGROUND: HIGH EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOPHYSICAL STRESS LEVELS HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK AND PROGRESSION OF VARIOUS DISEASES. HOW STRESS IMPACTS THE GUT MICROBIOTA TO INFLUENCE METABOLISM AND SUBSEQUENT CANCER PROGRESSION IS UNCLEAR. METHODS: FECES AND SERUM SAMPLES FROM BALB/C ANXA1(+/+) AND ANXA1(-/-) MICE WITH OR WITHOUT CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS WERE USED FOR 16S RRNA GENE SEQUENCING AND GC-MS METABOLOMICS ANALYSIS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON MICROBIOME AND METABOLOMICS DURING STRESS AND BREAST TUMORIGENESIS. BREAST TUMORS SAMPLES FROM STRESSED AND NON-STRESSED MICE WERE USED TO PERFORM WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING (WGBS) AND RNASEQ ANALYSIS TO CONSTRUCT THE POTENTIAL NETWORK FROM CANDIDATE HUB GENES. FINALLY, MACHINE LEARNING AND INTEGRATED ANALYSIS WERE USED TO MAP THE AXIS FROM CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS TO BREAST CANCER DEVELOPMENT. RESULTS: WE REPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS PROMOTES BREAST TUMOR GROWTH VIA A STRESS-MICROBIOME-METABOLITE-EPIGENETIC-ONCOLOGY (SMMEO) AXIS. CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS IN MICE ALTERS THE MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND FATTY ACIDS METABOLISM AND INDUCES AN EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN TUMORS XENOGRAFTED AFTER STRESS. SUBSEQUENT MACHINE LEARNING AND SYSTEMIC MODELING ANALYSES IDENTIFIED A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION AMONG MICROBIOME COMPOSITION, METABOLITES, AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN STRESSED TUMORS. MOREOVER, SILENCING ANNEXIN-A1 INHIBITS THE CHANGES IN THE GUT MICROBIOME AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM AFTER STRESS AS WELL AS BASAL AND STRESS-INDUCED TUMOR GROWTH. CONCLUSIONS: THESE DATA SUPPORT A PHYSIOLOGICAL AXIS LINKING THE MICROBIOME AND METABOLITES TO CANCER EPIGENETICS AND INFLAMMATION. THE IDENTIFICATION OF THIS AXIS COULD PROPEL THE NEXT PHASE OF EXPERIMENTAL DISCOVERY IN FURTHER UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TUMORIGENESIS CAUSED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20 6547  37 TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF LONG-TERM MEDITATION PRACTICE: EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION OR REVERSAL OF STRESS EFFECTS HARMFUL TO HEALTH. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: STRESS CAN OVERLOAD ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS, LEADING TO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS HARMFUL TO HEALTH. RESEARCH ON THE REVERSAL OF THESE EFFECTS IS IN ITS INFANCY. EARLY RESULTS SUGGEST SOME MEDITATION TECHNIQUES HAVE HEALTH BENEFITS THAT GROW WITH REPEATED PRACTICE. THIS STUDY FOCUSED ON POSSIBLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC EFFECTS OF 38 YEARS OF TWICE-DAILY TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION((R)) (TM((R))) PRACTICE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FIRST, USING ILLUMINA((R)) BEADCHIP MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY, DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE SOUGHT BETWEEN HEALTHY PRACTITIONERS AND TIGHTLY MATCHED CONTROLS (N = 12, AGE 65). SECOND, THESE MICROARRAY RESULTS WERE VERIFIED ON A SUBSET OF GENES USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR) AND WERE VALIDATED USING QPCR IN LARGER TM AND CONTROL GROUPS (N = 45, AGE 63). BIOINFORMATICS INVESTIGATION EMPLOYED INGENUITY((R)) PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA((R))), DAVID, GENOMATIX, AND R PACKAGES. RESULTS: THE 200 GENES AND LOCI FOUND TO MEET STRICT CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE MICROARRAY EXPERIMENT SHOWED CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION THAT DISTINGUISHED THE TWO GROUPS. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION RELATING TO IMMUNE FUNCTION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY WERE MOST APPARENT. IN THE TM GROUP, RELATIVE TO THE CONTROL, ALL 49 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION WERE DOWNREGULATED, WHILE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIBODY COMPONENTS OF THE DEFENSE RESPONSE WERE UPREGULATED. THE LARGEST EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES WERE SHOWN BY SIX GENES RELATED TO ERYTHROCYTE FUNCTION THAT APPEARED TO REFLECT A CONDITION OF LOWER ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTROL GROUP. RESULTS SUPPORTING THESE GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES WERE OBTAINED WITH QPCR-MEASURED EXPRESSION BOTH IN THE WELL-MATCHED MICROARRAY GROUPS AND IN THE LARGER, LESS WELL-MATCHED GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREDICTIONS BASED ON RESULTS FROM EARLIER RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF MEDITATION AND MAY PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR STRESS-RELATED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING REDUCTIONS IN ANXIETY, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD), CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), AND OTHER CHRONIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES.	2021