1 5131 114 POSTWEANING DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY PROVIDED THROUGH CHILDHOOD TO PUBERTY PERMANENTLY INCREASES GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. FOLATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES BY ITS POTENTIAL ABILITY TO MODULATE DNA METHYLATION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE POSTWEANING PERIOD MIGHT BE A HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE PERIOD TO DIETARY FOLATE INTERVENTION FOR DNA METHYLATION PATTERNING. WE DETERMINED THE EFFECTS OF TIMING AND DURATION OF DIETARY FOLATE INTERVENTION PROVIDED DURING THE POSTWEANING PERIOD ON GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. IN STUDY 1, WEANLING RATS WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE AN AMINO ACID-DEFINED DIET CONTAINING 0 (DEFICIENT), 2 (CONTROL), OR 8 (SUPPLEMENTED) MG FOLIC ACID/KG UNTIL 8 WK OF AGE, AFTER WHICH ALL THE RATS WERE FED THE CONTROL DIET UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. IN STUDY 2, WEANLING RATS WERE FED THE CONTROL DIET UNTIL 8 WK OF AGE AND THEN RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE THE DIET CONTAINING 0, 2, OR 8 MG FOLIC ACID/KG UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. IN STUDY 3, WEANLING RATS WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE THESE DIETS UNTIL 30 WK OF AGE. DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY, BUT NOT SUPPLEMENTATION, PROVIDED DURING THE POSTWEANING PERIOD THROUGH CHILDHOOD TO PUBERTY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION BY 34-48% (P < 0.04) IN RAT LIVER THAT PERSISTED INTO ADULTHOOD FOLLOWING A RETURN TO THE CONTROL DIET AT PUBERTY. IN CONTRAST, DIETARY FOLATE DEFICIENCY OR SUPPLEMENTATION CONTINUALLY IMPOSED AT WEANING OR AT PUBERTY DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN ADULT RAT LIVER. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT EARLY FOLATE NUTRITION DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING THAT CAN HAVE A PERMANENT EFFECT IN ADULTHOOD.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2 5294  28 PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL METHYL DONOR SUPPLEMENTATION ON ADULT OFFSPRING OF HIGH FAT DIET-FED DAMS. OBESITY HAS BECOME A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND CHRONIC DISORDERS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT THE RISK OF OBESITY AND THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF THE OFFSPRING CAN BE AFFECTED BY MATERNAL NUTRITION, SUCH AS HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) CONSUMPTION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER METABOLIC DYSREGULATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN OFFSPRING CAUSED BY MATERNAL HFD CAN BE ALLEVIATED BY THE TREATMENT OF METHYL DONORS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION OF DAMS. FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE ASSIGNED TO SPECIFIC GROUPS AND GIVEN DIFFERENT NUTRIENTS (CONTROL DIET, CONTROL+MET, HFD AND HFD+MET) THROUGHOUT GESTATION AND LACTATION. OFFSPRING OF EACH GROUP WERE WEANED ONTO A CONTROL DIET AT 3 WEEKS OF AGE. PHYSIOLOGICAL (WEIGHT GAIN AND ADIPOSE COMPOSITION) AND METABOLIC (PLASMA BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES) OUTCOMES WERE ASSESSED IN MALE AND FEMALE ADULT OFFSPRING. EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF OBESOGENIC-RELATED GENES INCLUDING PPAR GAMMA, FATTY ACID SYNTHASE, LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN WERE ALSO DETECTED IN VISCERAL FAT OF OFFSPRING. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH METHYL DONORS CAN PREVENT THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HFD ON OFFSPRING. CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF OBESOGENIC-RELATED GENES INDICATED THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DIETARY FACTORS ON OFFSPRING OUTCOMES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3 1795  34 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF MATERNAL AND POSTNATAL DIET ON ADIPOSE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY IN MALE RAT OFFSPRING. PURPOSE: ADIPOSE TISSUE EXPANSION CAN OCCUR THROUGH SEVERAL DIFFERENT WAYS AND, UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, CAN BE CONNECTED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. TNF-ALPHA IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT CYTOKINES INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. PROLONGED INFLAMMATION IN OBESITY CAN LEAD TO OBESITY-RELATED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TISSUE DYSFUNCTION. THE AIM OF OUR STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE HOW DIFFERENT COMBINATION OF MATERNAL AND POSTNATAL DIET AFFECTS OFFSPRING ADIPOSE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY AND ADIPOSE TISSUE TNF-ALPHA EXPRESSION. METHODS: TEN FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS, 9 WEEKS OLD, WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS AND FED EITHER STANDARD LABORATORY CHOW OR FOOD RICH IN SATURATED FATTY ACIDS DURING 6 WEEKS AND THEN MATED WITH THE SAME MALE RAT. AFTER BIRTH AND LACTATION MALE RAT OFFSPRING FROM BOTH GROUPS WERE DIVIDED INTO FOUR SUBGROUPS DEPENDING ON THE DIET THEY WERE FED UNTIL 22 WEEKS OLD. SAMPLES OF WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE WERE TAKEN FROM THE SUBCUTANEOUS, EPIDIDYMAL, AND PERIRENAL FAT PAD. ON TISSUE SECTIONS, HISTOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED USING CELLPROFILER PROGRAM V 2.1.1, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING FOR TNF-ALPHA WAS PERFORMED. RESULTS: GREATER MEAN SURFACE AREA OF SUBCUTANEOUS AND EPIDIDYMAL ADIPOCYTES WAS FOUND IN GROUPS OF MALE RAT OFFSPRING WITH ALTERED DIET. IN PERIRENAL ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF ADIPOCYTES WAS MEASURED IN THE GROUP WHERE BOTH MOTHER AND OFFSPRING WERE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET. ADIPOCYTE STAINING INTENSITY FOR TNF-ALPHA DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN THE GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: TOGETHER WITH OUR PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED DATA, OUR RESULTS LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION THAT ALTERATION OF POSTNATAL DIET CAN LEAD TO TNF-ALPHA AND ADIPOCYTE MORPHOLOGY CHANGES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4 5166  38 PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE EXERTS SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON OFFSPRING GROWTH AND LONG-TERM METABOLIC PROGRAMMING. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH CLINICAL DATA SUPPORT AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE AND DEFICITS IN CHILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATERNAL DRINKING AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED GROWTH PHENOTYPES REMAINS CHALLENGING TO DEFINE. USING AN ESTABLISHED MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE, PREVIOUS WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS LINKED PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE TO SEX-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF CHRONIC PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE ON OFFSPRING GROWTH AND METABOLIC PROGRAMMING. RESULTS: PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INDUCED A PROLONGED PERIOD OF FETAL GESTATION AND AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION, WHICH AFFECTED THE MALE OFFSPRING TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN THE FEMALES. WHILE THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF ETHANOL-EXPOSED MALES WERE ABLE TO MATCH THE BODY WEIGHTS OF THE CONTROLS WITHIN THE FIRST 2 WEEKS OF POSTNATAL LIFE, MALE OFFSPRING CONTINUED TO DISPLAY AN 11% REDUCTION IN WEIGHT AT 5 WEEKS OF AGE AND A 6% REDUCTION AT 8 WEEKS OF AGE. THE OBSERVED GROWTH DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, WHILE IN CONTRAST, FEMALES DISPLAYED A MODEST LAG IN THEIR GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. THESE METABOLIC DEFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AN UP-REGULATION OF GENES WITHIN THE PRO-FIBROTIC TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND INCREASED LEVELS OF CELLULAR HYDROXYPROLINE WITHIN THE LIVERS OF THE MALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED SUPPRESSED CYTOKINE PROFILES WITHIN THE LIVER AND PANCREAS OF BOTH THE MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING, WHICH CORRELATED WITH THE UP-REGULATION OF GENES IN THE LIVERX/RETINOIDX/FARNESOIDX RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION WERE HIGHLY VARIABLE BETWEEN THE OFFSPRING OF ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES. IN THE ADULT OFFSPRING OF ALCOHOL-EXPOSED MALES, WE DID NOT OBSERVE ANY DIFFERENCES IN THE ALLELIC EXPRESSION OF IGF2 OR ANY OTHER IMPRINTED GENES. CONCLUSIONS: THE IMPACT OF PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT IS POORLY EXPLORED AND REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT GAP IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL. OUR STUDIES IMPLICATE PATERNAL EXPOSURE HISTORY AS AN ADDITIONAL AND IMPORTANT MODIFIER OF ALCOHOL-INDUCED GROWTH PHENOTYPES AND CHALLENGE THE CURRENT MATERNAL-CENTRIC EXPOSURE PARADIGM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                 
5 2158  38 EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS FOR NUTRITION DETERMINANTS OF LATER HEALTH OUTCOMES. EPIGENETIC MARKING ON GENES CAN DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT GENES ARE EXPRESSED. EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS MEDIATED BY THE ADDITION OF METHYL GROUPS TO DNA CYTOSINE BASES, OF METHYL AND ACETYL GROUPS TO PROTEINS (HISTONES) AROUND WHICH DNA IS WRAPPED, AND BY SMALL INTERFERING RNA MOLECULES. SOME COMPONENTS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION HAVE EVOLVED TO PERMIT CONTROL OF WHETHER MATERNAL OR PATERNAL GENES ARE EXPRESSED. THE EPIGENETIC IMPRINTING OF IGF2 EXPRESSION IS AN EXAMPLE OF MATERNAL AND PATERNAL EPIGENETIC MARKING THAT MODULATES FETAL GROWTH AND FETAL SIZE. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC REGULATION ALSO PERMITS THE FETUS AND THE INFANT TO ADAPT GENE EXPRESSION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH IT IS GROWING; SOMETIMES WHEN THIS ADJUSTMENT GOES AWRY, THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE IS INCREASED. RECENT PROGRESS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES ON EPIGENETICS SUGGESTS THAT NUTRIENTS THAT ARE PART OF METHYL-GROUP METABOLISM CAN SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE EPIGENETICS. DURING CRITICAL PERIODS IN DEVELOPMENT, DIETARY METHYL-GROUP INTAKE (CHOLINE, METHIONINE, AND FOLATE) CAN ALTER DNA AND HISTONE METHYLATION, WHICH RESULTS IN LIFELONG CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. IN RODENT MODELS, PREGNANT DAMS THAT WERE FED DIETS HIGH IN METHIONINE, FOLIC ACID, AND CHOLINE PRODUCED OFFSPRING WITH DIFFERENT COAT COLORS OR WITH KINKED TAILS. A NUMBER OF SYNDROMES IN HUMANS CAN BE CAUSED BY DEFECTIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION, INCLUDING RETT SYNDROME. THERE ARE INTERESTING EXAMPLES OF THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITION IN EARLY LIFE THAT RESULT IN ALTERED HEALTH IN ADULTS, AND SOME OF THESE COULD BE THE RESULT OF ALTERED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 4079  37 MATERNAL L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN MALE MICE OFFSPRING DUE TO MATERNAL SMOKING. OBJECTIVES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ANIMAL STUDIES SHOWED THAT L-CARNITINE (LC) SUPPLEMENTATION CAN AMELIORATE OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED TISSUES DAMAGE. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT MATERNAL CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE (SE) CAN INCREASE RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS IN NEWBORN OFFSPRING WITH POSTNATAL KIDNEY UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTHOOD, WHICH WERE NORMALISED BY LC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SE DAMS DURING PREGNANCY. EXPOSURE TO AN ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT MAY LEAD TO ALTERATION IN THE EPIGENOME, A MECHANISM BY WHICH ADVERSE PRENATAL CONDITIONS INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASE LATER IN LIFE. THE CURRENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER MATERNAL SE INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE OFFSPRING'S KIDNEY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT, AND THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MATERNAL LC SUPPLEMENTATION. METHOD: FEMALE BALB/C MICE (7 WEEKS) WERE EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE (SE) OR AIR (SHAM) FOR 6 WEEKS PRIOR TO MATING, DURING GESTATION AND LACTATION. A SUBGROUP OF THE SE DAMS RECEIVED LC VIA DRINKING WATER (SE + LC, 1.5 MMOL/L) THROUGHOUT GESTATION AND LACTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE STUDIED AT POSTNATAL DAY (P)1, P20, AND 13 WEEKS. RESULTS: MATERNAL SE ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF RENAL DEVELOPMENT MARKERS GLIAL CELL LINE-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RENAL GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 MRNA EXPRESSION AT BIRTH. THESE DISORDERS WERE REVERSED BY MATERNAL LC ADMINISTRATION. CONCLUSION: THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL SE ON RENAL UNDERDEVELOPMENT INVOLVES GLOBAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS FROM BIRTH, WHICH CAN BE PREVENTED BY MATERNAL LC SUPPLEMENTATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
7  249  32 ADVANCED AGING PHENOTYPE IS REVEALED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN RAT LIVER AFTER IN UTERO MALNUTRITION. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES OF MOTHERS DURING FETAL PERIOD PREDISPOSE OFFSPRING TO A RANGE OF AGE-RELATED DISEASES EARLIER IN LIFE. HERE, WE SET TO DETERMINE WHETHER A DEREGULATED EPIGENETIC PATTERN IS SIMILAR IN YOUNG ANIMALS WHOSE MOTHERS' NUTRITION WAS MODULATED DURING FETAL GROWTH TO THAT ACQUIRED DURING NORMAL AGING IN ANIMALS. USING A RODENT MODEL OF MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION (UN) OR OVERNUTRITION (ON), WE EXAMINED CYTOSINE METHYLATION PROFILES OF LIVER FROM YOUNG FEMALE OFFSPRING AND COMPARED THEM TO AGE-MATCHED YOUNG CONTROLS AND AGED (20-MONTH-OLD) ANIMALS. HELP-TAGGING, A GENOMEWIDE RESTRICTION ENZYME AND SEQUENCING ASSAY DEMONSTRATES THAT FETAL EXPOSURE TO TWO DIFFERENT MATERNAL DIETS IS ASSOCIATED WITH NONRANDOM DYSREGULATION OF METHYLATION LEVELS WITH PROFILES SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN NORMAL AGING ANIMALS AND OCCUR IN REGIONS MAPPED TO GENES RELEVANT TO METABOLIC DISEASES AND AGING. FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES WERE ASSESSED BY GENE EXPRESSION AT 9 WEEKS OLD WITH MORE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES AT 6 MONTHS OF AGE. EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURES TO UNFAVORABLE MATERNAL DIETS RESULT IN ALTERED METHYLATION PROFILES AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSREGULATION IN PRKCB, PC, NCOR2, AND SMAD3 THAT IS ALSO SEEN WITH NORMAL AGING. THESE NOTCH PATHWAY AND LIPOGENESIS GENES MAY BE USEFUL FOR PREDICTION OF LATER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8 2757  29 EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES IS SENSITIVE TO MATERNAL OBESITY AND WEIGHT LOSS IN RELATION TO FETAL GROWTH IN MICE. BACKGROUND: MATERNAL OBESITY IMPACTS FETAL GROWTH AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES. TO COUNTERACT THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON FERTILITY AND PREGNANCY ISSUE, PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS IS RECOMMENDED TO OBESE WOMEN. WHETHER THIS WEIGHT LOSS IS BENEFICIAL/DETRIMENTAL FOR OFFSPRING REMAINS POORLY EXPLORED. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS COULD BE AFFECTED BY MATERNAL WEIGHT CHANGES, PERTURBING EXPRESSION OF KEY DEVELOPMENTAL GENES IN THE PLACENTA OR FETUS. OUR AIM WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MATERNAL OBESITY ON FETO-PLACENTAL GROWTH ALONG WITH THE UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. WE ALSO TESTED WHETHER PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS COULD ALLEVIATE THESE EFFECTS. RESULTS: FEMALE MICE WERE FED EITHER A CONTROL DIET (CTRL GROUP), A HIGH-FAT DIET (OBESE (OB) GROUP), OR A HIGH-FAT DIET SWITCHED TO A CONTROL DIET 2 MONTHS BEFORE CONCEPTION (WEIGHT LOSS (WL) GROUP). AT MATING, OB FEMALES PRESENTED AN OBESE PHENOTYPE WHILE WL FEMALES NORMALIZED METABOLIC PARAMETERS. AT EMBRYONIC DAY 18.5 (E18.5), FETUSES FROM OB FEMALES PRESENTED FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (FGR; -13 %) AND 28 % OF THE FETUSES WERE SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA). FETUSES FROM WL FEMALES NORMALIZED THIS PHENOTYPE. THE EXPRESSION OF 60 EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES AND 32 METABOLIC GENES WAS MEASURED IN THE FETAL LIVER, PLACENTAL LABYRINTH, AND JUNCTIONAL ZONE. WE REVEALED 23 GENES ALTERED BY MATERNAL WEIGHT TRAJECTORIES IN AT LEAST ONE OF THREE TISSUES. THE FETAL LIVER AND PLACENTAL LABYRINTH WERE MORE RESPONSIVE TO MATERNAL OBESITY THAN JUNCTIONAL ZONE. ONE THIRD (18/60) OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN AT LEAST TWO MATERNAL GROUPS. INTERESTINGLY, GENES INVOLVED IN THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PATHWAY WERE PARTICULARLY ALTERED (13/18). IN OB GROUP, LYSINE ACETYLTRANSFERASES AND BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2 WERE UPREGULATED, WHILE MOST HISTONE DEACETYLASES WERE DOWNREGULATED. IN WL GROUP, THE EXPRESSION OF ONLY A SUBSET OF THESE GENES WAS NORMALIZED. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE HIGH SENSITIVITY OF THE EPIGENETIC MACHINERY GENE EXPRESSION, AND PARTICULARLY THE HISTONE ACETYLATION PATHWAY, TO MATERNAL OBESITY. THESE OBESITY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES COULD ALTER THE PLACENTAL AND THE HEPATIC EPIGENOME, LEADING TO FGR. PRECONCEPTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS APPEARS BENEFICIAL TO FETAL GROWTH, BUT SOME EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS OBESITY WERE RETAINED IN OFFSPRING PHENOTYPE.	2016	
                                                                              
9 1833  38 EFFECTS OF METHYL DONOR DIETS ON INCISIONAL PAIN IN MICE. BACKGROUND: DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH METHYL DONORS CAN INFLUENCE THE PROGRAMMING OF EPIGENETIC PATTERNS RESULTING IN PERSISTENT ALTERATIONS IN DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND BEHAVIOR. HOWEVER, THE DIETARY EFFECTS OF METHYL DONORS ON PAIN HAVE NOT BEEN EXPLORED. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHYL DONOR CONTENT ON PAIN RESPONSES IN MICE. METHODS: MALE AND FEMALE C57BL/6J MICE WERE TREATED WITH HIGH OR LOW METHYL DONOR DIETS EITHER IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD OR AFTER WEANING. MECHANICAL AND THERMAL NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIVITY WERE MEASURED BEFORE AND AFTER INCISION. RESULTS: MICE FED HIGH OR LOW METHYL DONOR DIETS DISPLAYED EQUAL WEIGHT GAIN OVER THE COURSE OF THE EXPERIMENTS. WHEN EXPOSED TO THESE DIETARY MANIPULATIONS IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD, ONLY MALE OFFSPRING OF DAMS FED A HIGH METHYL DONOR DIET DISPLAYED INCREASED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA. HINDPAW INCISION IN THESE ANIMALS CAUSED ENHANCED NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION, BUT DIETARY HISTORY DID NOT AFFECT THE DURATION OF SENSITIZATION. FOR MICE EXPOSED TO HIGH OR LOW METHYL DONOR DIETS AFTER WEANING, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN MECHANICAL OR THERMAL NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIVITY EITHER AT BASELINE OR IN RESPONSE TO HINDPAW INCISION. CONCLUSIONS: PERINATAL DIETARY FACTORS SUCH AS METHYL DONOR CONTENT MAY IMPACT PAIN EXPERIENCES IN LATER LIFE. THESE EFFECTS, HOWEVER, MAY BE SPECIFIC TO SEX AND PAIN MODALITY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10 4069  34 MATERNAL CHRONIC FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET THROUGH METHYLATION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B IN OFFSPRING HIPPOCAMPUS. SCOPE: MATERNAL CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) DURING PREGNANCY INCREASES THE RISK OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS. FOLATE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN NEUROPLASTICITY AND THE PRESERVATION OF NEURONAL INTEGRITY. THIS STUDY AIMS AT DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR, AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED. METHODS AND RESULTS: FEMALE MICE WERE FED A CONTROL DIET, AN HFD, CONTROL DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE, OR AN HFD SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOLATE FOR 5 WEEKS BEFORE MATING. OPEN FIELD TASK AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE ARE USED TO EVALUATE THE OFFSPRING BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT OFFSPRING COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AND ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING THOSE RELATED TO OPEN FIELD EXPLORATION AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED WHEN DAMS WERE TREATED WITH FOLATE IN PREGNANCY. MOREOVER, THE MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENT DECREASED BDNF AND GRIN2B METHYLATION AND UPREGULATED THEIR EXPRESSIONS IN THE BRAIN OF OFFSPRING, WHICH WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASING THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES COMPARED WITH THOSE DAMS WERE TREATED ONLY HFD IN PREGNANCY. CONCLUSION: MATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION AMELIORATES BEHAVIOR DISORDERS INDUCED BY PRENATAL HIGH-FAT DIET. THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION ALTERATION OF BDNF AND GRIN2B GENES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11 3649  33 INCREASED STRESS AND ALTERED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN BRAIN ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT BEHAVIOUR IN VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENT FEMALE MICE. A SUB-OPTIMAL NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENT FROM EARLY LIFE CAN BE ENVISAGED AS A STRESSOR THAT TRANSLATES INTO MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN ADULTHOOD. AFTER CONSIDERING (A) THE WIDESPREAD PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ESPECIALLY AMONGST WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND (B) THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN B12 IN NORMAL BRAIN FUNCTION, IN THIS STUDY WE HAVE ELUCIDATED THE BEHAVIOURAL CORRELATES OF CHRONIC SEVERE AND MODERATE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN C57BL/6 MICE. FEMALE WEANLING MICE WERE ASSIGNED TO THREE DIETARY GROUPS: (A) CONTROL AIN-76A DIET WITH CELLULOSE AS DIETARY FIBRE (B) VITAMIN B12 RESTRICTED AIN-76A DIET WITH PECTIN AS DIETARY FIBRE (SEVERE DEFICIENCY GROUP) AND (C) VITAMIN B12 RESTRICTED AIN-76A DIET WITH CELLULOSE AS DIETARY FIBRE (MODERATE DEFICIENCY GROUP). THE MICE RECEIVED THESE DIETS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY, LACTATION AND THEREAFTER. NEST-BUILDING, MATERNAL CARE, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS WERE EVALUATED. OXIDATIVE STRESS, ACTIVITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND EXPRESSION OF VARIOUS HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN BRAIN WERE INVESTIGATED TO UNRAVEL THE PROBABLE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS. OUR DATA SUGGESTS THAT BOTH SEVERE AND MODERATE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY INDUCED ANXIETY AND IMPAIRED MATERNAL CARE. HOWEVER, ONLY SEVERE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY INDUCED DEPRESSION. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND POOR ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE UNDERLIE THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF BOTH SEVERE AND MODERATE VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE MODIFYING ENZYMES IN THE BRAIN OF SEVERELY DEFICIENT MICE IS SUGGESTIVE OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY LEADS TO BEHAVIOURAL ANOMALIES IN FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE AND THE SEVERITY OF THESE OUTCOMES CAN BE CORRELATED TO THE LEVEL OF DEFICIENCY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12 4085  32 MATERNAL OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES REPROGRAM THE METHYLOME OF OFFSPRING BEYOND BIRTH BY INDUCING EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN METABOLIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS A NEGATIVE CHRONIC METABOLIC HEALTH CONDITION THAT REPRESENTS AN ADDITIONAL RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIES. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN HOW MATERNAL OBESITY OR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS DURING PREGNANCY CONSTITUTE SERIOUS RISK FACTORS IN RELATION TO THE APPEARANCE OF CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES IN THE OFFSPRING. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC REMODELLING MAY HELP EXPLAIN THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THESE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FINDINGS. THUS, IN THIS STUDY WE EXPLORED THE DNA METHYLATION LANDSCAPE OF CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WITH OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES DURING THEIR FIRST YEAR OF LIFE. METHODS: WE USED ILLUMINA INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP ARRAYS TO PROFILE MORE THAN 770,000 GENOME-WIDE CPG SITES IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM A PAEDIATRIC LONGITUDINAL COHORT CONSISTING OF 26 CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED FROM OBESITY OR OBESITY WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS DURING PREGNANCY AND 13 HEALTHY CONTROLS (MEASUREMENTS TAKEN AT 0, 6 AND 12 MONTH; TOTAL N = 90). WE CARRIED OUT CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES TO DERIVE DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND PATHOLOGY-RELATED EPIGENOMICS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED ABUNDANT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES DURING CHILD DEVELOPMENT FROM BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, UP TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE. USING CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSES, WE DISCOVERED DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS MAINTAINED ACROSS THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE THAT COULD DISCRIMINATE CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED FROM OBESITY OR OBESITY WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES. IMPORTANTLY, ENRICHMENT ANALYSES SUGGESTED THAT THESE ALTERATIONS CONSTITUTE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES THAT AFFECT GENES AND PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS, POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOENERGETICS, SUCH AS CPT1B, SLC38A4, SLC35F3 AND FN3K. FINALLY, WE OBSERVED EVIDENCE OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND MATERNAL METABOLIC CONDITION ALTERATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR OBSERVATIONS HIGHLIGHT THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF DEVELOPMENT AS BEING THE MOST CRUCIAL FOR EPIGENETIC REMODELLING. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE EXISTENCE OF SYSTEMIC INTRAUTERINE FOETAL PROGRAMMING LINKED TO OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES THAT AFFECTS THE CHILDHOOD METHYLOME BEYOND BIRTH, WHICH INVOLVES ALTERATIONS RELATED TO METABOLIC PATHWAYS, AND WHICH MAY INTERACT WITH ORDINARY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES.	2023	

13 1823  31 EFFECTS OF EARLY-LIFE STRESS AND HDAC INHIBITION ON MATERNAL BEHAVIOR IN MICE. DESPITE THE WELL-ESTABLISHED FACT THAT MATERNAL CARE PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE OFFSPRING DEVELOPMENT, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF DISRUPTION OF MATERNAL CARE EARLY IN LIFE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. USING BRIEF REPEATED MATERNAL SEPARATION (45 MIN/DAY ON POSTNATAL DAYS 3-6), WHICH REPRESENTS A MODEL OF EARLY LIFE STRESS, WE FOUND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN ADULT FEMALE MICE OFFSPRING. THE DECREASE IN HOME CAGE EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR (BOTH PUP-DIRECTED AND NONPUP-DIRECTED) WAS REVEALED LATER IN ADULTHOOD WITHOUT CHANGES IN MATERNAL CARE LEVEL. MATERNAL SEPARATION COUPLED WITH PAIN EXPOSURE CAUSED BY SUBCUTANEOUS SALINE INJECTION PROCEDURE HAD A CUMULATIVE RESULTING EFFECT, WHICH WAS MANIFESTED IN THE DECREASED LEVEL OF NURSING ASSOCIATED WITH LICKING-GROOMING IN ADULT FEMALES. THE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES FOUND IN ADULT FEMALE OFFSPRING COULD BE TRIGGERED BY IDENTIFIED CHANGES IN THE BEHAVIOR OF THEIR MOTHERS, WHILE ALTERATIONS OF THE LEVEL OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE NEONATAL BRAIN WERE NOT DETECTED. HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR SODIUM VALPROATE WAS USED IN ORDER TO STUDY THE POSSIBILITY OF PREVENTING THE EFFECTS OF EARLY LIFE STRESS THROUGH INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DESPITE THE INCREASE IN THE LEVEL OF HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION IN THE NEONATAL BRAIN CAUSED BY VALPROATE, ITS BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS WERE BARELY DETECTABLE. THESE EFFECTS WERE REFLECTED IN PREVENTION OF THE REDUCTION OF NURSING ASSOCIATED WITH LICKING-GROOMING INDUCED BY MATERNAL SEPARATION, ACCOMPANIED BY PAIN EXPOSURE. THE DATA ARE DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THE POSSIBLE APPLICATION TO THE STUDIES OF MECHANISMS UNDERLYING LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HUMAN EARLY LIFE TRAUMA. (PSYCINFO DATABASE RECORD (C) 2019 APA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED).	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
14 1503  29 DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO OR IN VIVO. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA INDICATE THAT CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO HAVE A GREATER RELATIVE RISK OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT, MAJOR AND MINOR BIRTH DEFECTS, AND RARE DISORDERS INVOLVING IMPRINTED GENES, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. WE EXAMINED DNA METHYLATION AT MORE THAN 700 GENES (1536 CPG SITES) IN PLACENTA AND CORD BLOOD AND MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUBSET OF GENES THAT DIFFERED IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN PLACENTA AND HIGHER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN CORD BLOOD. WE ALSO FIND THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES AT BOTH IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES. THE RANGE OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROUPS OVERLAPS SUBSTANTIALLY BUT SOME INDIVIDUALS FROM THE IN VITRO GROUP DIFFER FROM THE IN VIVO GROUP MEAN BY MORE THAN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS. SEVERAL OF THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS, SUCH AS OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY BE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GAMETES OR EARLY EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM COUPLES UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY. ALTERNATIVELY, ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN EITHER CASE, THESE DIFFERENCES OR CHANGES MAY AFFECT LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15 2472  28 EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY STRESS ACROSS GENERATIONS. BACKGROUND: TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES IN EARLY LIFE ARE RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS. SUCH DISORDERS CAN PERSIST THROUGH ADULTHOOD AND HAVE OFTEN BEEN REPORTED TO BE TRANSMITTED ACROSS GENERATIONS. METHODS: TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECT OF EARLY STRESS, MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC AND UNPREDICTABLE MATERNAL SEPARATION FROM POSTNATAL DAY 1 TO 14. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC AND UNPREDICTABLE MATERNAL SEPARATION INDUCES DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND ALTERS THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO AVERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE SEPARATED ANIMALS WHEN ADULT. MOST OF THE BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS ARE FURTHER EXPRESSED BY THE OFFSPRING OF MALES SUBJECTED TO MATERNAL SEPARATION, DESPITE THE FACT THAT THESE MALES ARE REARED NORMALLY. CHRONIC AND UNPREDICTABLE MATERNAL SEPARATION ALSO ALTERS THE PROFILE OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER OF SEVERAL CANDIDATE GENES IN THE GERMLINE OF THE SEPARATED MALES. COMPARABLE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ARE ALSO PRESENT IN THE BRAIN OF THE OFFSPRING AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF EARLY STRESS ON BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES ACROSS GENERATIONS AND ON THE REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE GERMLINE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
16 4219  33 METHYL-DONOR DEFICIENCY IN ADOLESCENCE AFFECTS MEMORY AND EPIGENETIC STATUS IN THE MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS. DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL FACTORS IN THE CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION. ALTERATION OF THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN HAS BEEN LINKED TO VARIOUS NEUROLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCOGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE POINTED OUT THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETICS IN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS INCLUDING LEARNING AND MEMORY. NUTRIENTS RELATED TO ONE-CARBON METABOLISM ARE KNOWN TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE MAINTENANCE OF GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF A DIET LACKING ESSENTIAL ONE-CARBON NUTRIENTS SUCH AS METHIONINE, CHOLINE AND FOLIC ACID (METHYL DONORS) CAUSED GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE BRAIN. THEREFORE, THE LONG-TERM FEEDING OF A METHYL-DONOR-DEFICIENT DIET MAY CAUSE ABNORMAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING LEARNING AND MEMORY. TO CONFIRM THIS HYPOTHESIS, 3-WEEK-OLD MICE WERE MAINTAINED ON A FOLATE-, METHIONINE- AND CHOLINE-DEFICIENT (FMCD) OR CONTROL (CON) DIET FOR 3 WEEKS. WE FOUND THAT THE METHYL-DONOR DEFICIENCY IMPAIRED BOTH NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION AND FEAR EXTINCTION AFTER 3 WEEKS OF TREATMENT. THE FMCD GROUP SHOWED SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY OF FEAR THAT DIFFERED FROM THAT IN CON. IN ADDITION, WE FOUND DECREASED GRIA1 GENE EXPRESSION AND SPECIFIC CPG HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE GRIA1 PROMOTER REGION IN THE FMCD HIPPOCAMPUS. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT A CHRONIC DIETARY LACK OF METHYL DONORS IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD AFFECTS LEARNING, MEMORY AND GENE EXPRESSIONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
17 4011  25 LOW PATERNAL DIETARY FOLATE ALTERS THE MOUSE SPERM EPIGENOME AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES SUGGEST THAT A FATHER'S DIET CAN INFLUENCE OFFSPRING HEALTH. A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR PATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION IS VIA THE SPERM EPIGENOME. THE EPIGENOME INCLUDES HERITABLE INFORMATION SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE DIETARY SUPPLY OF METHYL DONORS WILL ALTER EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN SPERM. HERE WE FEED MALE MICE EITHER A FOLATE-DEFICIENT OR FOLATE-SUFFICIENT DIET THROUGHOUT LIFE. PATERNAL FOLATE DEFICIENCY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED BIRTH DEFECTS IN THE OFFSPRING, WHICH INCLUDE CRANIOFACIAL AND MUSCULOSKELETAL MALFORMATIONS. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS AND THE SUBSEQUENT FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN SPERM OF GENES IMPLICATED IN DEVELOPMENT, CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER, DIABETES, AUTISM AND SCHIZOPHRENIA. WHILE >300 GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN OFFSPRING PLACENTA, ONLY TWO CORRESPOND TO GENES WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN SPERM. THIS MODEL SUGGESTS EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION MAY INVOLVE SPERM HISTONE H3 METHYLATION OR DNA METHYLATION AND THAT ADEQUATE PATERNAL DIETARY FOLATE IS ESSENTIAL FOR OFFSPRING HEALTH.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18 5168  35 PRECONCEPTIONAL PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO A SINGLE TRAUMATIC EVENT AFFECTS POSTNATAL GROWTH OF FEMALE BUT NOT MALE OFFSPRING. ALTHOUGH PRECONCEPTIONAL AND PERICONCEPTIONAL MATERNAL STRESS IS A RECOGNIZED RISK FACTOR FOR OFFSPRING NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES, LESS IS KNOWN ABOUT THE RELEVANCE OF PATERNAL EXPOSURES. THESE HAVE HITHERTO BEEN INVESTIGATED MAINLY WITH RESPECT TO SUBSTANCE-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT IN THE PROGENY. IN RECENT YEARS, EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON OFFSPRING HAVE COME INTO FOCUS THROUGH GROWING INSIGHT INTO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS NONGENETIC MODES OF TRANSMISSION. THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC AND/OR EARLY MANIPULATIONS IN MALES HAS BEEN STUDIED BUT MUCH LESS IS KNOWN ABOUT THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF SINGULAR MANIPULATIONS IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS. WE INVESTIGATED THE INFLUENCE OF A STRONG STRESSOR EXPOSURE, REMINISCENT OF A TRAUMATIC EVENT, IN ADULT MALE MICE ON OFFSPRING BEHAVIOR. MALE MICE, 6 WEEKS OF AGE, RECEIVED A STRONG FOOTSHOCK AND WERE MATED TO NAIVE FEMALES SEVERAL WEEKS LATER. MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING WERE INVESTIGATED IN A VARIETY OF TESTS FOR ANXIETY-LIKE AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. IN ADDITION, BODYWEIGHT DEVELOPMENT WAS ASSESSED. ALTHOUGH WE DID NOT OBSERVE ANY ALTERATIONS IN ANXIETY-LIKE AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORAL INDICES, WE RECORDED REDUCED BODYWEIGHT DEVELOPMENT IN THE FEMALE OFFSPRING. OUR DATA EMPHASIZE THE RELEVANCE OF SEX AS A (CO)DETERMINANT OF OUTCOMES IN THE WAKE OF PARENTAL MANIPULATIONS. THEY FURTHER SUGGEST THAT THE WINDOW OF VULNERABILITY FOR THE INDUCTION OF PATRILINEAR EFFECTS MIGHT BE WIDER THAN THAT CURRENTLY ASSUMED.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19 5189  29 PRENATAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INDUCES IMMUNOMETABOLIC ALTERATION AND RENAL INJURY IN RATS. ARSENIC (AS) EXPOSURE IS PROGRESSIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A LEADING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN PRESENT WORLDWIDE. THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF AS EXPOSURE ON THE KIDNEYS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AS ENDEMIC AREAS HAVE NOT BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. FURTHERMORE, THE IMPACT OF ONLY PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO AS ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD ALSO HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF AS 0.04 AND 0.4 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT (0.04 AND 0.4 PPM, RESPECTIVELY) ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD IN MALE OFFSPRING USING A WISTAR RAT MODEL. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE WAS SUFFICIENT TO ELEVATE THE EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC (TGF-BETA1) AND PROINFLAMMATORY (IL-1ALPHA, MIP-2ALPHA, RANTES, AND TNF-ALPHA) CYTOKINES AT 2-DAY, 12- AND 38-WEEK TIME POINTS IN THE EXPOSED PROGENY. FURTHER, ALTERATION IN ADIPOGENIC FACTORS (GHRELIN, LEPTIN, AND GLUCAGON) WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN 12- AND 38-WEEK OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. AN ALTERED LEVEL OF THESE FACTORS COINCIDES WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS ACCOMPANIED BY PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DAMAGE. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS AND GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DAMAGE IN THE KIDNEYS OF 38-WEEK-OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. FURTHERMORE, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1 IN KIDNEYS CORRESPONDS WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TGF-BETA1 GENE-BODY, INDICATING A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF TGF-BETA1 EXPRESSION. OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE TO MALES CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT THE IMMUNOMETABOLISM OF OFFSPRING WHICH CAN PROMOTE KIDNEY DAMAGE LATER IN LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20 5773  32 SPERM MICRORNA CONTENT IS ALTERED IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MALE OBESITY, BUT THE SAME SUITE OF MICRORNAS ARE NOT ALTERED IN OFFSPRING'S SPERM. THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY IS INCREASING WORLDWIDE AND HAS TRIPLED IN MEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE SINCE THE 1970S. CONCERNINGLY, OBESITY IS NOT ONLY COMORBID WITH OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES, BUT THERE IS MOUNTING EVIDENCE THAT IT INCREASES THE NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE LOAD IN THEIR CHILDREN (EG MORTALITY, OBESITY, AUTISM). ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT PATERNAL OBESITY INCREASES THE RISK OF METABOLIC (EG GLUCOSE METABOLISM DEFECTS, OBESITY) AND REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS IN OFFSPRING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES WITHIN SPERM ARE CLEAR MECHANISTIC CANDIDATES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CHANGES TO THE FATHER'S ENVIRONMENT AND OFFSPRING PHENOTYPE. SPECIFICALLY THERE IS EMERGING EVIDENCE THAT A FATHER'S SPERM MICRORNA CONTENT BOTH RESPONDS TO PATERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CUES AND ALTERS THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE EARLY EMBRYO. WE USED A MOUSE MODEL OF HIGH FAT DIET (HFD) INDUCED OBESITY TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER MALE OBESITY COULD MODULATE SPERM MICRORNA CONTENT. WE ALSO INVESTIGATED WHETHER THIS ALTERATION TO A FATHER'S SPERM MICRORNA CONTENT LEAD TO A SIMILAR CHANGE IN THE SPERM OF MALE OFFSPRING. OUR INVESTIGATIONS WERE INITIALLY GUIDED BY A TAQMAN PCR ARRAY, WHICH INDICATED THE DIFFERENTIAL ABUNDANCE OF 28 SPERM BORNE MICRORNAS IN HFD MICE. QPCR CONFIRMATION IN A MUCH LARGER COHORT OF FOUNDER MALES DEMONSTRATED THAT 13 OF THESE MICRORNAS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY ABUNDANT (11 UP-REGULATED; 2 DOWN-REGULATED) DUE TO HFD FEEDING. DESPITE METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE PHENOTYPES ALSO BEING OBSERVED IN GRAND-OFFSPRING FATHERED VIA THE MALE OFFSPRING LINEAGE, THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT ANY OF THE 13 MICRORNAS WERE ALSO DYSREGULATED IN MALE OFFSPRING SPERM. THIS WAS PRESUMABLY DUE TO THE VARIATION SEEN WITHIN BOTH GROUPS OF OFFSPRING AND SUGGESTS OTHER MECHANISMS MIGHT ACT BETWEEN OFFSPRING AND GRAND-OFFSPRING. THUS 13 SPERM BORNE MICRORNAS ARE MODULATED BY A FATHER'S HFD AND THE PRESUMED TRANSFER OF THIS ALTERED MICRORNA PAYLOAD TO THE EMBRYO AT FERTILISATION POTENTIALLY ACTS TO ALTER THE EMBRYONIC MOLECULAR MAKEUP POST-FERTILISATION, ALTERING ITS GROWTH TRAJECTORY, ULTIMATELY AFFECTING ADULT OFFSPRING PHENOTYPE AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATERNAL PROGRAMMING.	2016