1 4934 113 PATERNAL CHRONIC FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION INDUCED THE TRANSGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN CHICKENS. INCREASING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT PATERNAL DIET CAN RESULT IN METABOLIC CHANGES IN OFFSPRING, BUT THE DEFINITE MECHANISM REMAINS UNCLEAR IN BIRDS. HERE, WE FED BREEDER COCKS FIVE DIFFERENT DIETS CONTAINING 0, 0.25, 1.25, 2.50 AND 5.00 MG KG(-1) FOLATE THROUGHOUT LIFE. PATERNAL FOLATE SUPPLEMENTATION (FS) WAS BENEFICIAL TO THE GROWTH AND ORGAN DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER OFFSPRING. MOST IMPORTANTLY, THE LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF BREEDER COCKS AND BROILER OFFSPRING WERE AFFECTED BY PATERNAL FS, ACCORDING TO BIOCHEMICAL AND METABOLOMIC ANALYSES. WE FURTHER EMPLOYED GLOBAL ANALYSES OF HEPATIC AND SPERMATOZOAL MESSENGER RNA (MRNA), LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) AND MICRO RNA (MIRNA). SOME KEY GENES INVOLVED IN THE GLYCOLYSIS OR GLUCONEOGENESIS PATHWAY AND THE PPAR SIGNALLING PATHWAY, INCLUDING PEPCK, ANGPTL4 AND THRSP, WERE REGULATED BY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED HEPATIC AND SPERMATOZOAL MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS IN BREEDER COCKS AND BROILER OFFSPRING. MOREOVER, THE EXPRESSION OF ANGPTL4 COULD ALSO BE REGULATED BY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS IN SPERMATOZOA VIA COMPETITIVE ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) MECHANISMS. OVERALL, THIS MODEL SUGGESTS THAT PATERNAL FOLATE COULD TRANSGENERATIONALLY REGULATE LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN BROILER OFFSPRING AND THE EPIGENETIC TRANSMISSION MAY INVOLVE ALTERED SPERMATOZOAL MIRNAS AND LNCRNAS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2 6008  34 THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT 5-ASA REDUCES THE LEVEL OF SPECIFIC TSRNAS IN SPERM CELLS OF HIGH-FAT FED C57BL/6J MOUSE SIRES AND IMPROVES GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. INTRODUCTION: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES HAVE INCREASED TO EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS GLOBALLY. PATERNAL OBESITY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE FOLLOWING GENERATION, AND GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE AS A MECHANISM FOR THIS PREDISPOSITION. HOW AND WHY OBESITY INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN SPERM CELLS REMAIN TO BE CLARIFIED IN DETAIL. YET, RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT ALTERATIONS IN SPERM CONTENT OF TRANSFER RNA-DERIVED SMALL RNAS (TSRNAS) CAN TRANSMIT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL OBESITY TO OFFSPRING. OBESITY IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. THUS, WE EVALUATED WHETHER THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID (5-ASA) COULD INTERVENE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF PATERNAL OBESITY BY REDUCING THE INFLAMMATORY STATE IN OBESE FATHERS. METHODS: MALE C57BL/6JBOMTAC MICE WERE EITHER FED A HIGH-FAT DIET OR A HIGH-FAT DIET WITH 5-ASA FOR TEN WEEKS BEFORE MATING. THE OFFSPRING METABOLIC PHENOTYPE WAS EVALUATED, AND SPERMATOZOA FROM SIRES WERE ISOLATED FOR ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC TSRNAS LEVELS. RESULTS: 5-ASA INTERVENTION REDUCED THE LEVELS OF GLU-CTC TSRNAS IN SPERM CELLS AND IMPROVED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN FEMALE OFFSPRING FED A CHOW DIET. PATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY PER SE HAD ONLY A MODERATE IMPACT ON THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING IN OUR SETTING. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY MAY BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF PATERNAL OBESITY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3 3238  29 HEPATIC EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AFTER LIVER RESECTION IN OFFSPRING ALLEVIATES THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL OBESITY. OBESITY HAS BECOME A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN RECENT DECADES, AND DURING PREGNANCY, IT CAN LEAD TO AN INCREASED RISK OF GESTATIONAL COMPLICATIONS AND PERMANENT CHANGES IN THE OFFSPRING RESULTING FROM A PROCESS KNOWN AS METABOLIC PROGRAMMING. THE OFFSPRING OF OBESE DAMS ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD), EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF HIGH-FAT DIET CONSUMPTION. NAFLD IS A CHRONIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE THAT CAN PROGRESS TO EXTREMELY SEVERE CONDITIONS THAT REQUIRE SURGICAL INTERVENTION WITH THE REMOVAL OF THE INJURED TISSUE. LIVER REGENERATION IS NECESSARY TO PRESERVE ORGAN FUNCTION. A RANGE OF PATHWAYS IS ACTIVATED IN THE LIVER REGENERATION PROCESS, INCLUDING THE HIPPO, TGFBETA, AND AMPK SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT ARE UNDER EPIGENETIC CONTROL. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER MICRORNA MODULATION IN THE LIVER OF THE OFFSPRING OF OBESE DAMS WOULD IMPACT GENE EXPRESSION OF HIPPO, TGFBETA, AND AMPK PATHWAYS AND TISSUE REGENERATION AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY (PHX). FEMALE SWISS MICE FED A STANDARD CHOW OR A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION WERE MATED WITH MALE CONTROL MICE. THE OFFSPRING FROM CONTROL (CT-O) AND OBESE (HF-O) DAMS WEANED TO STANDARD CHOW DIET UNTIL DAY 56 WERE SUBMITTED TO PHX SURGERY. PRIOR TO THE SURGERY, HF-O PRESENTED ALTERATIONS IN MIR-122, MIR-370, AND LET-7A EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER COMPARED TO CT-O, AS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN, AS WELL AS IN ITS TARGET GENES INVOLVED IN LIVER REGENERATION. HOWEVER, AFTER THE PHX (4 H OR 48 H POST-SURGERY), DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION BETWEEN CT-O AND HF-O WERE SUPPRESSED, AS WELL AS IN MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER. FURTHERMORE, BOTH CT-O AND HF-O PRESENTED A SIMILAR REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF THE LIVER WITHIN 48 H AFTER PHX. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SURVIVAL AND REGENERATIVE MECHANISMS INDUCED BY THE PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY MAY OVERCOME THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF OFFSPRING PROGRAMMED BY MATERNAL OBESITY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4 4089  28 MATERNAL OBESITY PROGRAMS SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN OSTEO-PROGENITORS FROM RAT AND HUMAN. NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING INTRAUTERINE AND EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IMPACTS THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES, PRESUMABLY VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. HOWEVER, EVIDENCE ON THE IMPACT OF GESTATIONAL EVENTS ON REGULATION OF EMBRYONIC BONE CELL FATE IS SPARSE. WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL OBESITY ON FETAL OSTEOBLAST DEVELOPMENT IN BOTH RODENTS AND HUMANS. FEMALE RATS WERE FED CONTROL OR AN OBESOGENIC HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) FOR 12 WEEKS AND MATED WITH MALE RATS FED CONTROL DIETS, AND RESPECTIVE MATERNAL DIETS WERE CONTINUED DURING PREGNANCY. EMBRYONIC RAT OSTEOGENIC CALVARIAL CELLS (EOCCS) WERE TAKEN FROM GESTATIONAL DAY 18.5 FETUSES FROM CONTROL AND HFD DAMS. EOCCS FROM HFD OBESE DAMS SHOWED INCREASES IN P53/P21-MEDIATED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING BUT DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM. DECREASED AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS IN HFD-EOCCS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED OSTEOBLASTIC CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND PROLIFERATION. UMBILICAL CORD HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) FROM 24 PREGNANT WOMEN (12 OBESE AND 12 LEAN) ALONG WITH PLACENTAS WERE COLLECTED UPON DELIVERY. THE UMBILICAL CORD MSCS OF OBESE MOTHERS DISPLAYED LESS POTENTIAL TOWARD OSTEOBLASTOGENESIS AND MORE TOWARDS ADIPOGENESIS. HUMAN MSCS AND PLACENTA FROM OBESE MOTHERS ALSO EXHIBITED INCREASED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING, WHEREAS MSCS SHOWED DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. FINALLY, WE SHOWED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF P53 LINKED INCREASED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN FETAL OSTEO-PROGENITORS FROM OBESE RATS AND HUMANS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST PROGRAMMING OF FETAL PREOSTEOBLASTIC CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY MATERNAL OBESITY.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5 1368  34 DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF DISEASE AND DETERMINANTS OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE: MATERNAL DIET MODIFIES THE PRIMATE FETAL EPIGENOME. CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IS EPIGENETICALLY ALTERED VIA COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONES TO ALLOW FOR HERITABLE GENE REGULATION WITHOUT ALTERING THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE. MULTIPLE LINES OF EVIDENCE FROM RODENTS HAVE ESTABLISHED A ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC REMODELING IN REGULATING GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN RESPONSE TO AN ALTERED GESTATIONAL MILIEU. HOWEVER, TO DATE, IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER VARIATIONS IN THE INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT IN PRIMATES SIMILARLY INDUCE CHANGES IN KEY DETERMINANTS OF HEPATIC CHROMATIN STRUCTURE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT A MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET WOULD ALTER THE EPIGENOMIC PROFILE OF THE DEVELOPING OFFSPRING, WHICH WOULD RESULT IN ALTERATIONS IN FETAL GENE EXPRESSION. AGE- AND WEIGHT-MATCHED ADULT FEMALE JAPANESE MACAQUES WERE PLACED ON CONTROL (13% FAT) OR HIGH-FAT (35% FAT) BREEDER DIETS AND MATED ANNUALLY OVER A 4-YEAR INTERVAL. FETUSES IN SUCCESSIVE YEARS WERE DELIVERED NEAR TERM (E130 OF 167 DAYS) AND UNDERWENT NECROPSY WITH TISSUE HARVEST. FETAL HISTONES WERE ACID EXTRACTED FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF H3 MODIFICATION AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) WITH DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY PCR; FETAL RNA, DNA, AND CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR PROTEIN EXTRACTS WERE SIMILARLY EXTRACTED FOR COMPARISON. CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF A MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET RESULTS IN A THREEFOLD INCREASE IN FETAL LIVER TRIGLYCERIDES AND HISTOLOGIC CORRELATES OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. THESE GROSS CHANGES IN THE FETAL LIVER ARE ACCOMPANIED BY A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT HYPERACETYLATION OF FETAL HEPATIC TISSUE AT H3K14 (199.85+/-9.64 VS 88.8+/-45.4; P=0.038) WITH A TREND TOWARDS THE INCREASED ACETYLATION AT H3K9 (140.9+/-38.7 VS 46.6+/-6.53; P=0.097) AND AT H3K18 (69.0+/-3.54 VS 58.0+/-4.04; P=0.096). HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ON FETAL HEPATIC H3 ASSOCIATED WITH GENE REPRESSION WERE ABSENT OR SUBTLE (P>0.05). SUBSEQUENT CHARACTERIZATION OF KEY EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS ASSOCIATED WITH H3 ACETYLATION MARKS REVEALED SIMILAR SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS IN ASSOCIATION WITH A HIGH-FAT MATERNAL DIET (E.G., RELATIVE FETAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC1) GENE EXPRESSION 0.61+/-0.25; P=0.011). CONSISTENT WITH OUR MRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE, FETAL NUCLEAR EXTRACTS FROM OFFSPRING OF HIGH-FAT DIET ANIMALS WERE OBSERVED TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATIVELY DEPLETE OF HDAC1 PROTEIN (36.07+/-6.73 VS 83.18+/-7.51; P=0.006) AND IN VITRO HDAC FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY (0.252+/-0.03 VS 0.698+/-0.02; P<0.001). WE EMPLOY THESE OBSERVATIONS IN CHIP DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY PCR TO ATTEMPT TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL FETAL GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION IS REPROGRAMED UNDER CONDITIONS OF A HIGH-FAT MATERNAL DIET. WE QUANTITATIVELY CONFIRM A MINIMUM OF A 40% ALTERATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL GENES OF INTEREST: GLUTAMIC PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE) 2 (GPT2) (1.59+/-0.23-FOLD; P=0.08), DNAJA2 (1.36+/-0.21; P=0.09), AND RDH12 (1.88+/-0.15; P=0.01) ARE APPRECIABLY INCREASED IN FETAL HEPATIC TISSUE FROM MATERNAL CALORIC-DENSE DIET ANIMALS WHEN COMPARED WITH CONTROL WHILE NPAS2, A PERIPHERAL CIRCADIAN REGULATOR, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNMODULATED IN THE OFFSPRING OF HIGH-FAT DIET ANIMALS (0.66+/-0.08; P=0.03). IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOW THAT A CURRENT SIGNIFICANT IN UTERO EXPOSURE (CALORIC-DENSE HIGH-FAT MATERNAL DIET) INDUCES SITE-SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN FETAL HEPATIC H3 ACETYLATION. EMPLOYING CHIP, WE EXTEND THESE OBSERVATIONS TO LINK MODIFICATIONS OF H3 ACETYLATION WITH ALTERATIONS IN GENE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A CALORIC-DENSE MATERNAL DIET LEADING TO OBESITY EPIGENETICALLY ALTERS FETAL CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN PRIMATES VIA COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONES AND HENCE LENDS A MOLECULAR BASIS TO THE FETAL ORIGINS OF ADULT DISEASE HYPOTHESIS.	2008	

6 6594  22 TUMOR-AUGMENTING EFFECTS OF GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE ON F1 AND F2 IN MICE. THE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ARE EMERGING CONCERNS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NATURALLY OCCURRING INORGANIC ARSENIC HAS BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE VARIOUS ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS, INCLUDING CANCERS, IN HUMANS. ON THE OTHER HAND, ANIMAL STUDIES BY DR. M. WAALKES' GROUP REPORTED THAT ARSENITE EXPOSURE OF PREGNANT F0 FEMALES, ONLY FROM GESTATIONAL DAY 8 TO 18, INCREASED HEPATIC TUMORS IN THE F1 (ARSENITE-F1) MALES OF C3H MICE, WHOSE MALES TEND TO DEVELOP SPONTANEOUS HEPATIC TUMORS LATER IN LIFE. SINCE THIS MICE MODEL ILLUMINATED NOVEL UNIDENTIFIED CONSEQUENCES OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE, WE WISHED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE BACKGROUND MECHANISMS. IN THE SAME EXPERIMENTAL MODEL, WE IDENTIFIED A VARIETY OF FACTORS THAT WERE AFFECTED BY GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC CHANGES, AS POSSIBLE CONSTITUENTS OF MULTIPLE STEPS OF LATE-ONSET HEPATIC TUMOR AUGMENTATION IN ARSENITE-F1 MALES. FURTHERMORE, OUR STUDY DISCOVERED THAT THE F2 MALES BORN TO ARSENITE-F1 MALES DEVELOPED HEPATIC TUMORS AT A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATE THAN THE CONTROL F2 MALES. THE RESULTS IMPLY THAT THE TUMOR AUGMENTING EFFECT IS INHERITED BY ARSENITE-F2 MALES THROUGH THE SPERM OF ARSENITE-F1. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE SUMMARIZED OUR STUDIES ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF GESTATIONAL ARSENITE EXPOSURE IN F1 AND F2 MICE TO DISCUSS NOVEL ASPECTS OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
7 2776  26 EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MALE RATS: THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IS CONSIDERED AS A CRITICAL TIME WINDOW FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LONG-TERM METABOLIC STATES AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS. EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (EUGR) CAUSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL DISADVANTAGES DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD ON PULMONARY VASCULAR CONSEQUENCES IN LATER LIFE ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION MEDIATES THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF THIS EARLY POSTNATAL EVENT. METHODS AND RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ISOLATED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY MAGNETIC-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING FROM EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. A POSTNATAL INSULT, NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION-INDUCED EUGR CAUSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNE PRECIPITATION CHIP, GENOME-SCALE MAPPING STUDIES TO SEARCH FOR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN CONTROL AND EUGR RATS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CYTOSINE METHYLATION BETWEEN EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. EUGR CHANGES THE CYTOSINE METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCI IN MALE RATS AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE, PRECEDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THESE REPRESENT THE CANDIDATE LOCI FOR MEDIATING THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE THAT OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES SHOWED THAT HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT-ASSOCIATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE LATE-DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES. WE VALIDATED CANDIDATE DYSREGULATED LOCI WITH THE QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSIONS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION IS A STRONG MECHANISM FOR PROPAGATING THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF EARLY POSTNATAL EVENTS, CAUSING CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND LONG-TERM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, AND FURTHER PROVIDING A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EUGR-RELATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8 4946  27 PATERNAL PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS REPROGRAMS HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS IN OFFSPRING. BOTH EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THAT CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS EXERTS ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE INITIATION AND/OR PROGRESSION OF MANY DISEASES. HOWEVER, INTERGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE, USING A C57BL/6 MOUSE MODEL OF RESTRAINT STRESS, WE SHOW THAT OFFSPRING OF STRESSED FATHERS EXHIBIT HYPERGLYCEMIA DUE TO ENHANCED HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS AND ELEVATED EXPRESSION OF PEPCK. MECHANISTICALLY, WE IDENTIFY AN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION AT THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE SFMBT2 GENE, A MATERNALLY IMPRINTED POLYCOMB GENE, LEADING TO A DOWNREGULATION OF INTRONIC MICRORNA-466B-3P, WHICH POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY INHIBITS PEPCK EXPRESSION. IMPORTANTLY, HYPERGLYCEMIA IN F1 MICE IS REVERSED BY RU486 TREATMENT IN FATHERS, AND DEXAMETHASONE ADMINISTRATION IN F0 MICE PHENOCOPIES THE ROLES OF RESTRAINT STRESS. THUS, WE PROVIDE EVIDENCE SHOWING THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON THE REGULATION OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN OFFSPRING, WHICH MAY HAVE PROFOUND IMPLICATIONS FOR OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH AND DISEASE RISK INHERITED FROM FATHERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  891  31 CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CLOFIBRIC ACID IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO): A MULTIGENERATIONAL STUDY. CLOFIBRIC ACID (CA) IS AN ACTIVE METABOLITE OF THE BLOOD LIPID LOWERING AGENT CLOFIBRATE, A PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGNED TO WORK AS AGONIST OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA (PPARA). IT IS THE MOST COMMONLY REPORTED FIBRATE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS WITH LOW DEGRADATION RATE AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE. PREVIOUS FISH EXPOSURES SHOWED THAT CA MAY IMPACT SPERMATOGENESIS, GROWTH AND THE EXPRESSION OF FAT BINDING PROTEIN GENES. HOWEVER, THERE ARE LIMITED DATA ON THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL CA EXPOSURES. HERE, WE ASSESSED CHRONIC MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CA EXPOSURE USING ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) AS A TELEOST MODEL. ZEBRAFISH WERE EXPOSED THROUGH THE DIET TO CA (1 AND 10MG/G) DURING THEIR WHOLE LIFETIME. GROWTH, REPRODUCTION-RELATED PARAMETERS AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT WERE ASSESSED IN THE EXPOSED FISH (F1 GENERATION) AND THEIR OFFSPRING (F2 GENERATION), TOGETHER WITH MUSCLE TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT AND GONAD HISTOLOGY. IN ORDER TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL UNDERLYING MECHANISMS, THE TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS OF GENES CODING FOR ENZYMES INVOLVED IN LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS WERE DETERMINED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT CHRONIC LIFE-CYCLE EXPOSURE TO CA INDUCED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN GROWTH OF F1 GENERATION AND LOWERED TRIGLYCERIDE MUSCLE CONTENT (10MG/G GROUP). ALSO, AN IMPACT IN MALE GONAD DEVELOPMENT WAS OBSERVED TOGETHER WITH A DECREASE IN THE FECUNDITY (10MG/G GROUP) AND HIGHER FREQUENCY OF EMBRYO ABNORMALITIES IN THE OFFSPRING OF FISH EXPOSED TO THE LOWEST CA DOSE. THE PROFILE OF THE TARGET GENES WAS SEX- AND TISSUE-DEPENDENT. IN F1 AN UP-REGULATION OF MALE HEPATIC PPARAA, PPARB AND ACOX TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WAS OBSERVED, SUGGESTING AN ACTIVATION OF THE FATTY ACID METABOLISM (PROVIDED THAT TRANSCRIPT LEVEL CHANGE INDICATES ALSO A PROTEIN LEVEL CHANGE). INTERESTINGLY, THE F2 GENERATION, RAISED WITH CONTROL DIET, DISPLAYED A RESPONSE PATTERN DIFFERENT FROM THAT OBSERVED IN F1, SHOWING AN INCREASE IN WEIGHT IN THE DESCENDANTS OF CA EXPOSED FISH, IN COMPARISON WITH CONTROL ANIMALS, WHICH POINTS TO A MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECT.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10 4528  19 MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE LIFESPAN AND FERTILITY OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. ALTHOUGH THE DAMAGE AND TOLERANCE MECHANISMS OF CD STRESS ARE KNOWN, THE DATA ON GENETIC RISK ARE LIMITED. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ASSESS THE CHRONIC TOXICITY OF CD, GENETIC RESPONSES, AND MULTIGENERATIONAL EFFECTS IN FIVE GENERATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. FOR EACH GENERATION, LIFESPAN AND FERTILITY WERE STATISTICALLY ANALYSED AND THE EXPRESSION OF APOPTOSIS- (P53 AND CASPASE-3) AND EPIGENESIS-RELATED (DDNMT2 AND DMBD2/3) GENES WAS EXAMINED. LIFESPAN AND FERTILITY SIGNIFICANTLY DECLINED UNDER CD STRESS AND THESE EFFECTS WERE MAINTAINED FOR TWO GENERATIONS AND ONE GENERATION, RESPECTIVELY, WHEN CD STRESS WAS REMOVED. THE EXPRESSION OF P53 AND CASPASE-3 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED AFTER EXPOSURE, SUGGESTING THAT APOPTOSIS CONTRIBUTES TO THE RESISTANCE MECHANISM. THEIR ALTERED EXPRESSION WAS RETAINED FOR TWO GENERATIONS. FURTHERMORE, HIGH EXPRESSION OF DDNMT2 AND DMBD2/3 ACCOMPANIED CD EXPOSURE, WHICH WAS PASSED ON TO THREE GENERATIONS, SUGGESTING THAT GENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN APOPTOSIS-RELATED GENES ARE CARRIED TO THE OFFSPRING THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11 4875  35 OVEREXPRESSION OF AKT1 ENHANCES ADIPOGENESIS AND LEADS TO LIPOMA FORMATION IN ZEBRAFISH. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS A COMPLEX, MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER INFLUENCED BY THE INTERACTION OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. OBESITY INCREASES THE RISK OF CONTRACTING MANY CHRONIC DISEASES OR METABOLIC SYNDROME. RESEARCHERS HAVE ESTABLISHED SEVERAL MAMMALIAN MODELS OF OBESITY TO STUDY ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISM. HOWEVER, A LOWER VERTEBRATE MODEL FOR CONVENIENTLY PERFORMING DRUG SCREENING AGAINST OBESITY REMAINS ELUSIVE. THE SPECIFIC AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CREATE A ZEBRAFISH OBESITY MODEL BY OVER EXPRESSING THE INSULIN SIGNALING HUB OF THE AKT1 GENE. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SKIN ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION SCREENING SHOWS THAT A STABLE ZEBRAFISH TRANSGENIC OF TG(KRT4HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) DISPLAYS SEVERELY OBESE PHENOTYPES AT THE ADULT STAGE. IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), THE EXPRESSION OF EXOGENOUS HUMAN CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE AKT1 (MYRAKT1) CAN ACTIVATE ENDOGENOUS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS OF MTOR, GSK-3ALPHA/BETA, AND 70S6K. DURING THE EMBRYONIC TO LARVAL TRANSITORY PHASE, THE SPECIFIC OVER EXPRESSION OF MYRAKT1 IN SKIN CAN PROMOTE HYPERTROPHIC AND HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH. FROM 21 HOUR POST-FERTILIZATION (HPF) ONWARDS, MYRAKT1 TRANSGENE WAS ECTOPICALLY EXPRESSED IN SEVERAL MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. THIS MAY BE THE RESULT OF THE INTEGRATION POSITION EFFECT. TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) CAUSED A RAPID INCREASE OF BODY WEIGHT, HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH OF ADIPOCYTES, ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FAT TISSUES, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE AT THE ADULT STAGE. REAL-TIME RT-PCR ANALYSIS SHOWED THE MAJORITY OF KEY GENES ON REGULATING ADIPOGENESIS, ADIPOCYTOKINE, AND INFLAMMATION ARE HIGHLY UPREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18). IN CONTRAST, THE MYOGENESIS- AND SKELETOGENESIS-RELATED GENE TRANSCRIPTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), SUGGESTING THAT EXCESS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION OCCURS AT THE EXPENSE OF OTHER MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCE THAT AKT1 SIGNALING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN BALANCING NORMAL LEVELS OF FAT TISSUE IN VIVO. THE OBESE ZEBRAFISH EXAMINED IN THIS STUDY COULD BE A NEW POWERFUL MODEL TO SCREEN NOVEL DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN OBESITY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12 6794  28 [EFFECT OF BENZO(A)PYRENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF AHR-REGULATED MICRORNA IN FEMALE AND MALE RAT LUNGS]. SMOKING IS THE MAIN RISK FACTOR FOR LUNG CANCER, MAINLY DUE TO PRESENCE OF NITROSAMINES AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, INCLUDING BENZO[A]PYRENE (BP) IN TOBACCO SMOKE COMPOSITION. THE GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF BP IS BASED ON THE HIGH DNA-BINDING ABILITY OF ITS METABOLITES, WHILE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF CANCER RELATED GENES OR REGULATORY RNAS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT WOMEN HAVE A HIGHER RISK TO DEVELOP LUNG CANCER UPON SMOKING RATHER THAN MEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CROSSTALK BETWEEN SIGNALING PATHWAYS ACTIVATED BY BP AND ESTROGENS COULD UNDERLIE THE SEX-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES IN MIRNAS EXPRESSION. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO SHORT-TERM OR LONG-TERM BP EXPOSURE. USING IN SILICO ANALYSIS, MIRNAS CONTAINING THE ER- AND AHR-BINDING SITES IN THE PROMOTERS OF THE GENES (OR HOST GENES) WERE SELECTED. DURING CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF BP THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-22-3P, -29A-3P, -126A-3P, -193B-5P IN THE LUNGS OF MALE RATS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE LEVEL OF MIRNA-483-3P WERE DECREASED. EXPRESSION OF MIRNA-483-3P WAS UP-REGULATED DURING CHRONIC BP EXPOSURE IN THE LUNGS OF FEMALE RATS AND THE LEVELS OF OTHER STUDIED MIRNAS WERE UNCHANGED. IN TURN, CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS WERE FOLLOWED BY CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET GENES, INCLUDING PTEN, EMP2, IGF1, ITGA6, SLC34A2, AND THE OBSERVED CHANGES IN FEMALE AND MALE RAT LUNGS WERE VARIED. THUS, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SEX-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BP MAY BE BASED ON DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF AHR- AND ER- REGULATED MIRNAS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13 5205  30 PRENATAL STRESS CHANGES THE GLYCOPROTEIN GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RAT OFFSPRING BRAIN. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) EXERTS STRONG IMPACT ON FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ON ADULT OFFSPRING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC STRESS ALTERS THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF GPM6A, A NEURONAL GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN FILOPODIUM EXTENSION. IN THIS WORK, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF PS ON GPM6A EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS RECEIVED RESTRAINT STRESS DURING THE LAST WEEK OF GESTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE SACRIFICED ON POSTNATAL DAYS 28 AND 60. HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION (QPCR FOR MRNAS AND MICRORNAS), METHYLATION STATUS (BISULFITE CONVERSION) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CULTURE WERE USED TO ANALYZE MICRORNA OVEREXPRESSION EFFECTS. PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN GPM6A LEVELS IN BOTH TISSUES AND AT BOTH AGES ANALYZED, INDICATING A PERSISTENT EFFECT. TWO CPG ISLANDS IN THE GPM6A GENE WERE IDENTIFIED. VARIATIONS IN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AT THREE SPECIFIC CPGS WERE FOUND IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT NOT IN PFC SAMPLES FROM PS OFFSPRING. MICRORNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET GPM6A WERE IDENTIFIED IN SILICO. QPCR MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT PS MODIFIED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MICRORNAS IN BOTH TISSUES, BEING MICRORNA-133B THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED. FURTHER STUDIES OVEREXPRESSING THIS MICRORNA IN NEURONAL CULTURES SHOWED A REDUCTION IN GMP6A MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL. MOREOVER FILOPODIUM DENSITY WAS ALSO REDUCED, SUGGESTING THAT GPM6A FUNCTION WAS AFFECTED. GESTATIONAL STRESS AFFECTED GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION IN OFFSPRING LIKELY THROUGH CHANGES IN METHYLATION STATUS AND IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MICRORNAS. THUS, OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE GPM6A AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING PRENATAL STRESS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14  341  21 ALTERATIONS IN SPERM-INHERITED NONCODING RNAS ASSOCIATE WITH LATE-TERM FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION INDUCED BY PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE. USING A MOUSE MODEL, OUR GROUP RECENTLY DESCRIBED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE PRIOR TO CONCEPTION AND DEFICITS IN OFFSPRING GROWTH. HERE, WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND THE ASSOCIATION OF SPERM-INHERITED NONCODING RNAS WITH THE TRANSMISSION OF THE OBSERVED GROWTH DEFECTS. ALCOHOL EXPOSURE DID NOT APPRECIABLY ALTER MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OR FERTILITY. HOWEVER, CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE REPRODUCIBLY INDUCED LATE-TERM FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION IN THE OFFSPRING, WHICH CORRELATED WITH A SHIFT IN THE PROPORTIONAL RATIO OF TRANSFER RNA-DERIVED SMALL RNAS TO PIWI-INTERACTING RNAS, AS WELL AS ALTERED ENRICHMENT OF MICRORNAS MIR21, MIR30, AND MIR142 IN ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SPERM. ALTHOUGH OUR DATASET SHARE SIMILARITIES TO PRIOR WORKS EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF PATERNAL STRESS ON OFFSPRING PHENOTYPE, WE WERE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY ANY CHANGES IN PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE, INDICATING ALCOHOL MAY ALTER SPERM-INHERITED NONCODING RNAS THROUGH DISTINCT MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15 1162  29 CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS ON THE TRANSCRIPTOME, EPIGENOME, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ATLANTIC SALMON. STRESS EXPERIENCED DURING EARLY LIFE MAY HAVE LASTING EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WITH IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND DISEASE DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE AND DURATION OF THE STRESSOR. THE EPIGENOME IS ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI DURING EARLY LIFE AND REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH STRESS MAY CAUSE LONG-LASTING HEALTH EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE EPIGENOME RESPONDS DIFFERENTLY TO CHRONIC VS ACUTE STRESSORS IS UNCLEAR, ESPECIALLY FOR NON-MAMMALIAN SPECIES. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS (COLD-SHOCK DURING EMBRYOGENESIS) AND CHRONIC STRESS (ABSENCE OF TANK ENRICHMENT DURING LARVAL-STAGE) ON GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION (USING RNA-SEQ) AND DNA METHYLATION (USING RRBS) IN THE GILLS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) FOUR MONTHS AFTER HATCHING. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCED PRONOUNCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES, WHILE ACUTE STRESS CAUSED FEW LASTING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS. HOWEVER, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS CAUSED LASTING AND CONTRASTING CHANGES IN THE METHYLOME. CRUCIALLY, WE FOUND THAT ACUTE STRESS ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A PATHOGENIC CHALLENGE (BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, LPS), WHILE CHRONIC STRESS SUPPRESSED IT. WE IDENTIFIED STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN PROMOTER AND GENE-BODY METHYLATION THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION FOR A SMALL PROPORTION OF IMMUNE-RELATED GENES, AND EVIDENCE OF WIDER EPIGENETIC REGULATION WITHIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT STRESS CAN AFFECT IMMUNO-COMPETENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND HIGHLIGHT THE MARKEDLY DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LARVAL AND ACUTE EMBRYONIC STRESS. THIS KNOWLEDGE COULD BE USED TO HARNESS THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS ON IMMUNITY, PAVING THE WAY FOR IMPROVED STRESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONDITIONING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
16 4736  28 NOVEL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS MEDIATING BISPHENOL A EXPOSURE AND METABOLIC PHENOTYPES IN FEMALE MICE. THERE IS COMPELLING EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LINK DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS TO ADULT DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE ASSOCIATED PERINATAL BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE TO ALTERED DNA METHYLATION, BUT THESE STUDIES ARE OFTEN LIMITED TO CANDIDATE GENE AND GLOBAL NON-LOCI-SPECIFIC APPROACHES. BY USING AN EPIGENOME-WIDE DISCOVERY PLATFORM, WE ELUCIDATED EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN LIVER TISSUE FROM ADULT MICE OFFSPRING (10 MONTHS) FOLLOWING PERINATAL BPA EXPOSURE AT HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT DOSES (50-NG, 50-MUG, AND 50-MG BPA/KG DIET). BIOLOGICAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED AN ENRICHMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS AMONG FEMALES. FURTHERMORE, THROUGH THE USE OF TOP ENRICHED BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, 4 CANDIDATE GENES WERE CHOSEN TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION AS A MEDIATING FACTOR LINKING THE ASSOCIATION OF PERINATAL BPA EXPOSURE TO METABOLIC PHENOTYPES PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. DNA METHYLATION STATUS AT JANUS KINASE-2 (JAK-2), RETINOID X RECEPTOR (RXR), REGULATORY FACTOR X-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (RFXAP), AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 238 (TMEM238) WAS USED WITHIN A MEDIATIONAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DNA METHYLATION IN ALL FOUR OF THE CANDIDATE GENES WAS IDENTIFIED AS A MEDIATOR IN THE MECHANISTIC PATHWAY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BPA EXPOSURE AND FEMALE-SPECIFIC ENERGY EXPENDITURE, BODY WEIGHT, AND BODY FAT PHENOTYPES. DATA GENERATED FROM THIS STUDY ARE CRUCIAL FOR DECIPHERING THE MECHANISTIC ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC-BASED PREVENTION AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX HUMAN DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17  218  27 ACUTE HYPOXIA AND CHRONIC ISCHEMIA INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL TOTAL CHANGES IN PLACENTAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. PREECLAMPSIA IS A COMMON OBSTETRICAL COMPLICATION, HALLMARKED BY NEW-ONSET HYPERTENSION. BELIEVED TO RESULT FROM PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY AND CHRONIC PLACENTAL ISCHEMIA, THE SYMPTOMS OF PREECLAMPSIA ARE CAUSED BY RELEASE OF PATHOGENIC FACTORS FROM THE PLACENTA ITSELF, ALTHOUGH THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR REGULATION ARE IN MANY CASES UNKNOWN. ONE POTENTIAL MECHANISM IS THROUGH CHANGES IN PLACENTAL EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, PARTICULARLY HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION. HERE, WE DETERMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ISCHEMIA ON GLOBAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE RODENT PLACENTA IN VIVO AND ACUTE HYPOXIA IN BEWO PLACENTAL TROPHOBLAST CELLS IN VITRO. PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY VIA UTERINE ARTERY RESTRICTION INCREASED MATERNAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND FETAL DEMISE WHILE DECREASING PLACENTAL AND FETAL MASS. GLOBAL PLACENTAL HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED AT H3 K9, K14, K18, K27, AND K56. INTERESTINGLY, WHEN BEWO-IMMORTALIZED PLACENTAL TROPHOBLAST CELLS WERE CULTURED IN OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS MIMICKING HEALTHY AND ISCHEMIC PLACENTAS, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN ACETYLATED AT K9, K18, K27, AND K56. THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A SMALL BUT SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN PLACENTAL ACETYL-COA, SUGGESTING DEPLETION IN THE SOURCE OF ACETYL GROUP DONORS. FINALLY, WHILE GLOBAL METHYLATION OF CYTOSINE FROM PLACENTAL DNA WAS LOW IN BOTH GROUPS OF ANIMALS (<1%), THERE WAS APPROXIMATELY 50% INCREASE IN 5-MC IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC ISCHEMIA. THIS SUGGESTS ACUTE HYPOXIA AND CHRONIC ISCHEMIA INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PLACENTA AND THAT CHRONICALLY ALTERED METABOLIC PROFILES COULD AFFECT HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PLACENTA, THEREBY REGULATING PRODUCTION OF PATHOGENIC FACTORS FROM THE PLACENTA DURING PREECLAMPSIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18 5189  23 PRENATAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INDUCES IMMUNOMETABOLIC ALTERATION AND RENAL INJURY IN RATS. ARSENIC (AS) EXPOSURE IS PROGRESSIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A LEADING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN PRESENT WORLDWIDE. THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF AS EXPOSURE ON THE KIDNEYS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AS ENDEMIC AREAS HAVE NOT BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. FURTHERMORE, THE IMPACT OF ONLY PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO AS ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD ALSO HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF AS 0.04 AND 0.4 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT (0.04 AND 0.4 PPM, RESPECTIVELY) ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD IN MALE OFFSPRING USING A WISTAR RAT MODEL. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE WAS SUFFICIENT TO ELEVATE THE EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC (TGF-BETA1) AND PROINFLAMMATORY (IL-1ALPHA, MIP-2ALPHA, RANTES, AND TNF-ALPHA) CYTOKINES AT 2-DAY, 12- AND 38-WEEK TIME POINTS IN THE EXPOSED PROGENY. FURTHER, ALTERATION IN ADIPOGENIC FACTORS (GHRELIN, LEPTIN, AND GLUCAGON) WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN 12- AND 38-WEEK OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. AN ALTERED LEVEL OF THESE FACTORS COINCIDES WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS ACCOMPANIED BY PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DAMAGE. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS AND GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DAMAGE IN THE KIDNEYS OF 38-WEEK-OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. FURTHERMORE, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1 IN KIDNEYS CORRESPONDS WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TGF-BETA1 GENE-BODY, INDICATING A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF TGF-BETA1 EXPRESSION. OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE TO MALES CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT THE IMMUNOMETABOLISM OF OFFSPRING WHICH CAN PROMOTE KIDNEY DAMAGE LATER IN LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19 5188  32 PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ALTERS EXPRESSION OF NEUROGENESIS-RELATED GENES IN AN EX VIVO CELL CULTURE MODEL. PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAN LEAD TO LONG-LASTING CHANGES IN FUNCTIONAL AND GENETIC PROGRAMS OF THE BRAIN, WHICH MAY UNDERLIE BEHAVIORAL ALTERATIONS SEEN IN FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER (FASD). ABERRANT FETAL PROGRAMMING DURING GESTATIONAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE IS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BY WHICH ALCOHOL IMPARTS TERATOGENIC EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN; HOWEVER, CURRENT METHODS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DEVELOPMENT OFTEN RELY ON EITHER DIRECT APPLICATION OF ALCOHOL IN VITRO OR ACUTE HIGH DOSES IN VIVO. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED OUR ESTABLISHED MODERATE PRENATAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE (PAE) MODEL, RESULTING IN MATERNAL BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT OF APPROXIMATELY 20 MM, AND SUBSEQUENT EX VIVO CELL CULTURE TO ASSESS EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO NEUROGENESIS. PROLIFERATING AND DIFFERENTIATING NEURAL PROGENITOR CELL CULTURE CONDITIONS WERE ESTABLISHED FROM TELENCEPHALIC TISSUE DERIVED FROM EMBRYONIC DAY (E) 15-17 TISSUE EXPOSED TO ALCOHOL VIA MATERNAL DRINKING THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY. GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS ON MRNA DERIVED IN VITRO WAS PERFORMED USING A MICROARRAY, AND QUANTITATIVE PCR WAS CONDUCTED FOR GENES TO VALIDATE THE MICROARRAY. STUDENT'S T TESTS WERE PERFORMED FOR STATISTICAL COMPARISON OF EACH EXPOSURE UNDER EACH CULTURE CONDITION USING A 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL. ELEVEN PERCENT OF GENES ON THE ARRAY HAD SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE PRENATAL ALCOHOL-EXPOSED NEURAL PROGENITOR CULTURE UNDER PROLIFERATING CONDITIONS. THESE INCLUDE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF ADORA2A, CXCL1, DLG4, HES1, NPTX1, AND VEGFA AND INCREASED EXPRESSION OF FGF13, NDN, AND SOX3; BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT THESE GENES ARE INVOLVED IN CELL GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION. DECREASED LEVELS OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3A WERE ALSO FOUND UNDER PROLIFERATING CONDITIONS. UNDER DIFFERENTIATING CONDITIONS, 7.3% OF GENES HAD DECREASED MRNA EXPRESSION; THESE INCLUDE CDK5RAP3, GDNF, HEY2, HEYL, PARD6B, AND PTN, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL AND DIFFERENTIATION AS INDICATED BY BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO USE CHRONIC LOW TO MODERATE PAE, TO MORE ACCURATELY REFLECT MATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, AND SUBSEQUENT NEURAL PROGENITOR CELL CULTURE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT PAE THROUGHOUT GESTATION ALTERS EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENT AND EMBRYONIC NEUROGENESIS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20 1841  32 EFFECTS OF SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID PRODUCING BACTERIA ON EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF FFAR3 IN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY. THE HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND MICROBIAL INFLUENCES ON LIPID AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM, SATIETY, AND CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION ARE KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN METABOLIC SYNDROME. FERMENTATION END PRODUCTS, ESPECIALLY SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS, ARE BELIEVED TO ENGAGE THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS VIA FFARS (FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR) AND OTHER SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID RECEPTORS. WE STUDIED A POTENTIAL INTERACTION OF THE MICROBIOTA WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN OBESE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS COMPARED TO A LEAN CONTROL GROUP OVER A FOUR MONTH INTERVENTION PERIOD. INTERVENTION COMPRISED A GLP-1 AGONIST (GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1) FOR TYPE 2 DIABETICS AND NUTRITIONAL COUNSELING FOR BOTH INTERVENTION GROUPS. MICROBIOTA WAS ANALYZED FOR ABUNDANCE, BUTYRYL-COA:ACETATE COA-TRANSFERASE GENE AND FOR DIVERSITY BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND 454 HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING. EPIGENETIC METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF FFAR3 AND LINE1 (LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT 1) WAS ANALYZED USING BISULFITE CONVERSION AND PYROSEQUENCING. THE DIVERSITY OF THE MICROBIOTA AS WELL AS THE ABUNDANCE OF FAECALIBACTERIUM PRAUSNITZII WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN OBESE AND TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS COMPARED TO LEAN INDIVIDUALS. RESULTS FROM CLOSTRIDIUM CLUSTER IV AND CLOSTRIDIUM CLUSTER XIVA SHOWED A DECREASING TREND IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS IN COMPARISON TO THE BUTYRYL-COA:ACETATE COA-TRANSFERASE GENE AND ACCORDING TO MELT CURVE ANALYSIS. DURING INTERVENTION NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN EITHER INTERVENTION GROUP. THE ANALYSIS OF FIVE CPGS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF FFAR3 SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT LOWER METHYLATION IN OBESE AND TYPE 2 DIABETICS WITH AN INCREASE IN OBESE PATIENTS OVER THE INTERVENTION PERIOD. THESE RESULTS DISCLOSED A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN A HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX AND LOWER METHYLATION OF FFAR3. LINE-1, A MARKER OF GLOBAL METHYLATION, INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE THREE GROUPS OR THE TIME POINTS, ALTHOUGH METHYLATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETICS TENDED TO INCREASE OVER TIME. OUR RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE THAT A DIFFERENT COMPOSITION OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES AFFECT THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE MICROBIOTA AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY INVOLVE NOT ONLY SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS BINDING TO FFARS. THEREFORE DIETARY INTERVENTIONS INFLUENCING MICROBIAL COMPOSITION MAY BE CONSIDERED AS AN OPTION IN THE ENGAGEMENT AGAINST METABOLIC SYNDROME.	2014