1 4723 96 NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. WITH CLOSE GENOMIC AND PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITY TO HUMANS, NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODELS PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE EPIGENETIC MIMICS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), SUGGESTING EARLY LIFE TARGETING FOR PREVENTION. FETAL EXPOSURE TO TESTOSTERONE (T), OF ALL NONHUMAN PRIMATE EMULATIONS, PROVIDES THE CLOSEST PCOS-LIKE PHENOTYPES, WITH EARLY-TO-MID GESTATION T-EXPOSED FEMALE RHESUS MONKEYS EXHIBITING ADULT REPRODUCTIVE, ENDOCRINOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTIONAL TRAITS THAT ARE CO-PATHOLOGIES OF PCOS. LATE GESTATIONAL T EXPOSURE, WHILE INDUCING ADULT OVARIAN HYPERANDROGENISM AND MENSTRUAL ABNORMALITIES, HAS LESS DYSFUNCTIONAL METABOLIC ACCOMPANIMENT. FETAL EXPOSURES TO DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (DHT) OR DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES) SUGGEST ANDROGENIC AND ESTROGENIC ASPECTS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING. NEONATAL EXPOSURE TO T PRODUCES NO PCOS-LIKE OUTCOME, WHILE CONTINUOUS T TREATMENT OF JUVENILE FEMALES CAUSES PRECOCIOUS WEIGHT GAIN AND EARLY MENARCHE (HIGH T), OR HIGH LH AND WEIGHT GAIN (MODERATE T). ACUTE T EXPOSURE OF ADULT FEMALES GENERATES POLYFOLLICULAR OVARIES, WHILE CHRONIC T EXPOSURE INDUCES SUBTLE MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES WITHOUT METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2 2808 26 FETAL PROGRAMMING OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR BY SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS. REDUCED FETAL GROWTH HAS BEEN CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASE IN LATER LIFE. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT FETAL EXPOSURE TO EXCESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS REPRESENTS A CRITICAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING THIS ASSOCIATION. APPROXIMATELY 7% OF PREGNANT WOMEN ARE AT RISK OF PRETERM DELIVERY AND THESE WOMEN ARE ROUTINELY TREATED WITH SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS (SGC) BETWEEN 24 AND 34 OF WEEKS GESTATION TO IMPROVE NEONATAL OUTCOME. ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT MATERNALLY ADMINISTERED SGC CROSSES THE PLACENTA, AFFECTING FETAL HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) DEVELOPMENT, RESULTING IN CHANGES IN HPA AXIS FUNCTION THAT PERSIST THROUGHOUT LIFE. THESE CHANGES APPEAR TO BE MODULATED AT THE LEVEL OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS (GR) AND MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTORS (MR) IN THE BRAIN AND PITUITARY. AS THE HPA AXIS INTERACTS WITH MANY OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, THE CHANGES IN ENDOCRINE FUNCTION ARE ALSO SEX-SPECIFIC AND AGE-DEPENDENT. ALTERATIONS IN BEHAVIOR, PARTICULARLY LOCOMOTION, IN ANIMALS EXPOSED TO SGC IN UTERO HAVE ALSO BEEN DEMONSTRATED. CONSISTENT WITH THE FINDING IN ANIMAL MODELS, EMERGING HUMAN DATA ARE INDICATING ATTENTION DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO REPEATED COURSES OF SGC IN UTERO. THIS BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPE IS LIKELY LINKED TO ALTERATIONS IN DOPAMINE (DA) SIGNALING, SUGGESTING THAT SGC ARE ABLE TO PERMANENTLY MODIFY OR 'PROGRAM' THIS SYSTEM. FINALLY, IT IS EMERGING THAT CHANGES IN HPA AXIS FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING ANTENATAL EXPOSURE TO SGC ARE TRANSGENERATIONAL AND LIKELY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. A COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ACUTE AND LONG-TERM IMPACT OF SGC EXPOSURE IN UTERO IS NECESSARY TO BEGIN TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS AND TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN AT RISK OF PRETERM DELIVERY.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3 4068 23 MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. MATERNAL POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS), A CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERANDROGENISM, IS SUGGESTED TO INCREASE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING. BECAUSE PCOS IS CLOSELY LINKED TO OBESITY, WE INVESTIGATED THE IMPACT OF AN ADVERSE HORMONAL OR METABOLIC MATERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND OFFSPRING OBESITY ON ANXIETY IN THE OFFSPRING. THE OBESE PCOS PHENOTYPE WAS INDUCED BY CHRONIC HIGH-FAT-HIGH-SUCROSE (HFHS) CONSUMPTION TOGETHER WITH PRENATAL DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE EXPOSURE IN MOUSE DAMS. ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS ASSESSED IN ADULT OFFSPRING WITH THE ELEVATED-PLUS MAZE AND OPEN-FIELD TESTS. THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND MATERNAL AND OFFSPRING DIET ON GENES IMPLICATED IN ANXIETY WERE ANALYZED IN THE AMYGDALA AND HYPOTHALAMUS WITH REAL-TIME PCR ( N = 47). INDEPENDENT OF DIET, FEMALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO MATERNAL ANDROGENS WERE MORE ANXIOUS AND DISPLAYED UP-REGULATION OF ADRENOCEPTOR ALPHA 1B IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ( CRH). BY CONTRAST, MALE OFFSPRING EXPOSED TO A HFHS MATERNAL DIET HAD INCREASED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND SHOWED UP-REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS IN THE AMYGDALA AND UP-REGULATION OF HYPOTHALAMIC CRH. OVERALL, THERE WERE SUBSTANTIAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAIN. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO HOW MATERNAL ANDROGENS AND OBESITY EXERT SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE OFFSPRING OF A PCOS MOUSE MODEL.-MANTI, M., FORNES, R., QI, X., FOLMERZ, E., LINDEN HIRSCHBERG, A., DE CASTRO BARBOSA, T., MALIQUEO, M., BENRICK, A., STENER-VICTORIN, E. MATERNAL ANDROGEN EXCESS AND OBESITY INDUCE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE OFFSPRING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4 6594 15 TUMOR-AUGMENTING EFFECTS OF GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE ON F1 AND F2 IN MICE. THE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ARE EMERGING CONCERNS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NATURALLY OCCURRING INORGANIC ARSENIC HAS BEEN KNOWN TO CAUSE VARIOUS ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS, INCLUDING CANCERS, IN HUMANS. ON THE OTHER HAND, ANIMAL STUDIES BY DR. M. WAALKES' GROUP REPORTED THAT ARSENITE EXPOSURE OF PREGNANT F0 FEMALES, ONLY FROM GESTATIONAL DAY 8 TO 18, INCREASED HEPATIC TUMORS IN THE F1 (ARSENITE-F1) MALES OF C3H MICE, WHOSE MALES TEND TO DEVELOP SPONTANEOUS HEPATIC TUMORS LATER IN LIFE. SINCE THIS MICE MODEL ILLUMINATED NOVEL UNIDENTIFIED CONSEQUENCES OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE, WE WISHED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE BACKGROUND MECHANISMS. IN THE SAME EXPERIMENTAL MODEL, WE IDENTIFIED A VARIETY OF FACTORS THAT WERE AFFECTED BY GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC CHANGES, AS POSSIBLE CONSTITUENTS OF MULTIPLE STEPS OF LATE-ONSET HEPATIC TUMOR AUGMENTATION IN ARSENITE-F1 MALES. FURTHERMORE, OUR STUDY DISCOVERED THAT THE F2 MALES BORN TO ARSENITE-F1 MALES DEVELOPED HEPATIC TUMORS AT A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATE THAN THE CONTROL F2 MALES. THE RESULTS IMPLY THAT THE TUMOR AUGMENTING EFFECT IS INHERITED BY ARSENITE-F2 MALES THROUGH THE SPERM OF ARSENITE-F1. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE SUMMARIZED OUR STUDIES ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF GESTATIONAL ARSENITE EXPOSURE IN F1 AND F2 MICE TO DISCUSS NOVEL ASPECTS OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GESTATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5 6008 17 THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT 5-ASA REDUCES THE LEVEL OF SPECIFIC TSRNAS IN SPERM CELLS OF HIGH-FAT FED C57BL/6J MOUSE SIRES AND IMPROVES GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. INTRODUCTION: THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES HAVE INCREASED TO EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS GLOBALLY. PATERNAL OBESITY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPING OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE FOLLOWING GENERATION, AND GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE AS A MECHANISM FOR THIS PREDISPOSITION. HOW AND WHY OBESITY INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN SPERM CELLS REMAIN TO BE CLARIFIED IN DETAIL. YET, RECENT STUDIES SHOW THAT ALTERATIONS IN SPERM CONTENT OF TRANSFER RNA-DERIVED SMALL RNAS (TSRNAS) CAN TRANSMIT THE EFFECTS OF PATERNAL OBESITY TO OFFSPRING. OBESITY IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. THUS, WE EVALUATED WHETHER THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID (5-ASA) COULD INTERVENE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF PATERNAL OBESITY BY REDUCING THE INFLAMMATORY STATE IN OBESE FATHERS. METHODS: MALE C57BL/6JBOMTAC MICE WERE EITHER FED A HIGH-FAT DIET OR A HIGH-FAT DIET WITH 5-ASA FOR TEN WEEKS BEFORE MATING. THE OFFSPRING METABOLIC PHENOTYPE WAS EVALUATED, AND SPERMATOZOA FROM SIRES WERE ISOLATED FOR ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC TSRNAS LEVELS. RESULTS: 5-ASA INTERVENTION REDUCED THE LEVELS OF GLU-CTC TSRNAS IN SPERM CELLS AND IMPROVED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN FEMALE OFFSPRING FED A CHOW DIET. PATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY PER SE HAD ONLY A MODERATE IMPACT ON THE METABOLIC PHENOTYPE OF BOTH MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING IN OUR SETTING. CONCLUSION: THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY MAY BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF PATERNAL OBESITY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6 1749 16 EARLY LIFE INTERVENTIONS CAN SHAPE AGING. IT IS WELL DOCUMENTED THAT THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE DEVELOPING FETUS, INCLUDING AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS AND PRESENCE OF TOXINS, CAN HAVE MAJOR IMPACT ON ADULT PHENOTYPE, AGE-RELATED TRAITS AND RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE. THERE IS ALSO ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE THAT POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENT CAN IMPACT ADULT CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO EVOLUTIONARY FITNESS, HEALTH, AND AGING. TO DETERMINE WHETHER EARLY LIFE HORMONAL INTERVENTIONS CAN ALTER TRAJECTORY OF AGING, WE HAVE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF EARLY LIFE GROWTH HORMONE (GH) REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PROP1(DF) (AMES DWARF) MICE WHICH ARE GH DEFICIENT AND REMARKABLY LONG LIVED. TWICE-DAILY GH INJECTIONS BETWEEN THE AGES OF TWO AND EIGHT WEEKS COMPLETELY NORMALIZED ("RESCUED") A NUMBER OF ADULT METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE TO EXTENDED LONGEVITY OF THESE MUTANTS. IMPORTANTLY, LONGEVITY OF AMES DWARF MICE WAS REDUCED BY EARLY LIFE GH TREATMENT. THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE H3 MODIFICATIONS. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE TRAJECTORY OF MAMMALIAN AGING CAN BE MODIFIED BY EARLY LIFE INTERVENTIONS. MECHANISTIC LINKS AMONG INTERVENTIONS DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT, ADULT METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS, AGING, AND LONGEVITY, APPARENTLY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
7 4089 20 MATERNAL OBESITY PROGRAMS SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN OSTEO-PROGENITORS FROM RAT AND HUMAN. NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING INTRAUTERINE AND EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IMPACTS THE RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES, PRESUMABLY VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. HOWEVER, EVIDENCE ON THE IMPACT OF GESTATIONAL EVENTS ON REGULATION OF EMBRYONIC BONE CELL FATE IS SPARSE. WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL OBESITY ON FETAL OSTEOBLAST DEVELOPMENT IN BOTH RODENTS AND HUMANS. FEMALE RATS WERE FED CONTROL OR AN OBESOGENIC HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) FOR 12 WEEKS AND MATED WITH MALE RATS FED CONTROL DIETS, AND RESPECTIVE MATERNAL DIETS WERE CONTINUED DURING PREGNANCY. EMBRYONIC RAT OSTEOGENIC CALVARIAL CELLS (EOCCS) WERE TAKEN FROM GESTATIONAL DAY 18.5 FETUSES FROM CONTROL AND HFD DAMS. EOCCS FROM HFD OBESE DAMS SHOWED INCREASES IN P53/P21-MEDIATED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING BUT DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM. DECREASED AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS IN HFD-EOCCS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED OSTEOBLASTIC CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND PROLIFERATION. UMBILICAL CORD HUMAN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) FROM 24 PREGNANT WOMEN (12 OBESE AND 12 LEAN) ALONG WITH PLACENTAS WERE COLLECTED UPON DELIVERY. THE UMBILICAL CORD MSCS OF OBESE MOTHERS DISPLAYED LESS POTENTIAL TOWARD OSTEOBLASTOGENESIS AND MORE TOWARDS ADIPOGENESIS. HUMAN MSCS AND PLACENTA FROM OBESE MOTHERS ALSO EXHIBITED INCREASED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING, WHEREAS MSCS SHOWED DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE. FINALLY, WE SHOWED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF P53 LINKED INCREASED CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND DECREASED GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN FETAL OSTEO-PROGENITORS FROM OBESE RATS AND HUMANS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST PROGRAMMING OF FETAL PREOSTEOBLASTIC CELL SENESCENCE SIGNALING AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY MATERNAL OBESITY.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8 4627 18 NEUROENDOCRINOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUBSERVING AUTONOMIC IMBALANCE AND HPA DYSFUNCTION IN THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS UPON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS) HAS BEEN SUBSTANTIATED BY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL, AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL STUDIES. THIS REVIEW DISCUSSES RECENT ADVANCES IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF CAUSATIVE ROLES OF NUTRITIONAL FACTORS, SYMPATHOMEDULLO-ADRENAL (SMA) AND HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICAL (HPA) AXES, AND ADIPOSE TISSUE CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION PROCESSES IN METS. DISTURBANCES IN THE NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS FOR LEPTIN, MELANOCORTIN, AND NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY)/AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN FOUND RESULTING DIRECTLY IN METS-LIKE CONDITIONS. THE REVIEW IDENTIFIES CANDIDATE RISK GENES FROM FACTORS SHOWN CRITICAL FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF EACH OF THESE NEUROENDOCRINE SIGNALING CASCADES. IN ITS META-ANALYTIC PART, RECENT STUDIES IN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION (HISTONE METHYLATION, ACETYLATION, PHOSPHORYLATION, UBIQUITINATION) AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION BY MICRORNAS ARE EVALUATED. SEVERAL STUDIES SUGGEST MODIFICATION MECHANISMS OF EARLY LIFE STRESS (ELS) AND DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) PROGRAMMING IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC REGIONS WITH POPULATIONS OF POMC-EXPRESSING NEURONS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE FOUND IN CORTISOL (HERE HSD11B1 EXPRESSION), MELANOCORTIN, LEPTIN, NPY, AND ADIPONECTIN GENES. WITH RESPECT TO ADIPOSITY GENES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE DOCUMENTED FOR FAT MASS GENE CLUSTER APOA1/C3/A4/A5, AND THE LIPOLYSIS GENE LIPE. WITH REGARD TO INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNE AND SUBCELLULAR METABOLISM, PPARG, NKBF1, TNFA, TCF7C2, AND THOSE GENES EXPRESSING CYTOCHROME P450 FAMILY ENZYMES INVOLVED IN STEROIDOGENESIS AND IN HEPATIC LIPOPROTEINS WERE DOCUMENTED FOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9  369 25 AN ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT SEXUAL DIMORPHISM VISIBLE AT PUBERTY IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN RODENTS HAVE WELL DOCUMENTED THE MASCULINIZATION OF THE PERINATAL BRAIN BY ESTRADIOL DERIVED FROM AROMATIZED TESTOSTERONE, AND THE RESULTING IRREVERSIBLE QUANTITATIVE SEX-DIFFERENCES GENERATED IN CELL NUMBERS OR EXPRESSION OF CHEMICAL PHENOTYPES. HERE, USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WE EXPLORED HOW THIS APPLIES TO THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT AND MASCULINIZATION OF THE NEUROKININ B (NKB)-CONTAINING SYSTEM OF THE ARCUATE NUCLEUS/MEDIAN EMINENCE COMPLEX (ARC/ME). IN ADULT RATS, NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS EXHIBIT AN UNUSUAL, QUALITATIVE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THEIR VENTRAL AXONAL PROJECTIONS: TO THE NEUROPIL IN FEMALES, TO CAPILLARY VESSELS IN MALES. IN ADULTS, THERE WAS NO SEX-DIFFERENCE IN THE NUMBERS OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE PERIKARYA OR CAPILLARY VESSELS IN THE ARC/ME, SUGGESTING THAT THIS SEXUAL DIMORPHISM CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY THE EXISTENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY STRUCTURES. AT BIRTH (DAY 0) THE NKB SYSTEM WAS IMMATURE IN BOTH SEXES, AND WHILE ITS ADULT FEATURES EMERGED PROGRESSIVELY UNTIL PUBERTY IN FEMALES, THEY DID NOT DEVELOP BEFORE PUBERTY (DAY 40) IN MALES, REVEALING A SEXUAL DIMORPHISM ONLY LATE POSTNATALLY. WHEN MALES WERE ORCHIDECTOMIZED AT DAY 30, THE MASCULINE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS EXPECTED AT DAY 40 WAS NOT SEEN, WHILE IT WAS APPARENT AFTER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH TESTOSTERONE OR DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, SUGGESTING A TESTICULAR MASCULINIZING ACTION VIA ANDROGEN RECEPTORS AT PUBERTY. MOREOVER IN THESE PREPUBERTAL-ORCHIDECTOMIZED MALES, THE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS WAS SURPRISINGLY FEMINIZED BY CHRONIC ESTRADIOL ALONE, SUGGESTING THAT NKB NEURONS ARE NOT IRREVERSIBLY PROGRAMMED BEFORE PUBERTY. LAST, IN ADULT FEMALES, THE DISTRIBUTION OF NKB-IMMUNOREACTIVE AXONS WAS FEMININE 30 DAYS AFTER OVARIECTOMY, AND IT WAS MASCULINIZED AFTER CONCURRENT CHRONIC DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, SUGGESTING THAT NKB NEURONS REMAIN RESPONSIVE TO ANDROGENS LATE IN REPRODUCTIVE LIFE. THUS, THE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS PROCEEDS WELL BEYOND THE PERINATAL PERIOD AND INCLUDES THE EPIGENETIC ACTION OF NON-AROMATIZABLE ANDROGENS UPON SUBSETS OF NEURONS THAT HAVE RETAINED BIPOTENT FEATURES.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10 4736 19 NOVEL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS MEDIATING BISPHENOL A EXPOSURE AND METABOLIC PHENOTYPES IN FEMALE MICE. THERE IS COMPELLING EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS LINK DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS TO ADULT DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE ASSOCIATED PERINATAL BISPHENOL A (BPA) EXPOSURE TO ALTERED DNA METHYLATION, BUT THESE STUDIES ARE OFTEN LIMITED TO CANDIDATE GENE AND GLOBAL NON-LOCI-SPECIFIC APPROACHES. BY USING AN EPIGENOME-WIDE DISCOVERY PLATFORM, WE ELUCIDATED EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN LIVER TISSUE FROM ADULT MICE OFFSPRING (10 MONTHS) FOLLOWING PERINATAL BPA EXPOSURE AT HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT DOSES (50-NG, 50-MUG, AND 50-MG BPA/KG DIET). BIOLOGICAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED AN ENRICHMENT OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN METABOLIC PATHWAYS AMONG FEMALES. FURTHERMORE, THROUGH THE USE OF TOP ENRICHED BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS, 4 CANDIDATE GENES WERE CHOSEN TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION AS A MEDIATING FACTOR LINKING THE ASSOCIATION OF PERINATAL BPA EXPOSURE TO METABOLIC PHENOTYPES PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED IN FEMALE OFFSPRING. DNA METHYLATION STATUS AT JANUS KINASE-2 (JAK-2), RETINOID X RECEPTOR (RXR), REGULATORY FACTOR X-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (RFXAP), AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 238 (TMEM238) WAS USED WITHIN A MEDIATIONAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DNA METHYLATION IN ALL FOUR OF THE CANDIDATE GENES WAS IDENTIFIED AS A MEDIATOR IN THE MECHANISTIC PATHWAY OF DEVELOPMENTAL BPA EXPOSURE AND FEMALE-SPECIFIC ENERGY EXPENDITURE, BODY WEIGHT, AND BODY FAT PHENOTYPES. DATA GENERATED FROM THIS STUDY ARE CRUCIAL FOR DECIPHERING THE MECHANISTIC ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC-BASED PREVENTION AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX HUMAN DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11 1834 20 EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS-BASED THERAPY ON CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND DNA METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND HIGH METABOLIC RISK. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS AN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDER AFFECTING WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE. RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ABNORMAL OVARIAN FUNCTION AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN PCOS. STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SPECIFIC GENES (RELATED WITH INSULIN SIGNALING AND STEROID HORMONE METABOLISM) THAT ARE METHYLATED IN WOMEN WITH PCOS. DNA METHYLATION APPEARS TO RESPOND TO VARIOUS INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT ALTERING HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS. WE TESTED THE EFFICACY OF A MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION PROGRAM (MBSR) IN PCOS PATIENTS. WE EXAMINED ITS EFFECTS ON ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING, AND ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD. MBSR WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A REDUCTION IN BODY MASS INDEX, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED GENERAL HEALTH, EMOTIONAL ROLE LIMITATION, AND LEVELS OF PAIN, AS WELL AS MINDFULNESS-LIKE TRAITS. MBSR REDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF ANXIOUS SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED STRESS. METHYLATION CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN FOUR GENES: COMT, FST, FKBP51, AND MAOA. WE CONCLUDE THAT MBSR MAY BE A USEFUL SUPPLEMENTARY THERAPY TO MITIGATE THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF PCOS ON MENTAL HEALTH.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12 4019 21 LOW-DOSE OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED BIOEFFECTS IN ANIMAL MODELS. ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT ACUTE OR CHRONIC LOW-DOSE IONIZING RADIATION (LDIR) (</=100 MSV) OR LOW-DOSE-RATE IONIZING RADIATION (LDRIR) (<6 MSV/H) EXPOSURES MAY BE HARMFUL. IT INDUCES GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A RANGE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES THAT INCLUDES ALTERED IMMUNE SYSTEM, ABNORMAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT WITH RESULTANT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, CATARACTOGENESIS, ABNORMAL EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, CIRCULATORY DISEASES, WEIGHT GAIN, PREMATURE MENOPAUSE IN FEMALE ANIMALS, TUMORIGENESIS AND SHORTENED LIFESPAN. PATERNAL OR PRENATAL LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED FERTILITY AND NUMBER OF LIVE FETUSES, AND TRANSGENERATIONAL GENOMIC ABERRATIONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, IN SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED TO BRING ABOUT BENEFICIAL EFFECTS SUCH AS REDUCTION IN TUMORIGENESIS, PROLONGED LIFESPAN AND ENHANCED FERTILITY. THE DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED EFFECTS OF LDIR/LDRIR EXPOSURE ARE DEPENDENT ON ANIMAL GENETIC BACKGROUND (SUSCEPTIBILITY), AGE (PRENATAL OR POSTNATAL DAYS), SEX, NATURE OF RADIATION EXPOSURE (I.E. ACUTE, FRACTIONATED OR CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE), TYPE OF RADIATION, COMBINATION OF RADIATION WITH OTHER TOXIC AGENTS (SUCH AS SMOKING, PESTICIDES OR OTHER CHEMICAL TOXINS) OR ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. IN THIS REVIEW PAPER, WE AIMED TO UPDATE RADIATION RESEARCHERS AND RADIOLOGISTS ON THE CURRENT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN UNDERSTANDING THE LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED BIONEGATIVE AND BIOPOSITIVE EFFECTS REPORTED IN THE VARIOUS ANIMAL MODELS. THE ROLES PLAYED BY A VARIETY OF MOLECULES THAT ARE IMPLICATED IN LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS WILL BE ELABORATED. THE REVIEW WILL HELP IN FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF LDIR/LDRIR-INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS BY PROVIDING CLUES FOR DESIGNING IMPROVED ANIMAL RESEARCH MODELS IN ORDER TO CLARIFY THE CURRENT CONTROVERSIAL/CONTRADICTORY FINDINGS FROM EXISTING STUDIES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13 4999 15 PERINATAL PROGRAMMING OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK-STRESS CROSSTALK. AN INTACT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CIRCADIAN CLOCKS AND THE STRESS SYSTEM IS IMPORTANT FOR MAINTAINING PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS AND IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL STIMULI. THERE IS ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE FOR A RECIPROCAL INTERACTION BETWEEN BOTH-FROM THE SYSTEMIC TO THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. DISRUPTION OF THIS INTERACTION BY EXTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS SHIFTWORK, JETLAG, OR CHRONIC STRESS INCREASES THE RISK OF DEVELOPING METABOLIC, IMMUNE, OR MOOD DISORDERS. FROM EXPERIMENTS IN RODENTS, WE KNOW THAT BOTH SYSTEMS MATURATE DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD. DURING THAT TIME, EXOGENOUS FACTORS SUCH AS STRESS OR ALTERATIONS IN THE EXTERNAL PHOTOPERIOD MAY CRITICALLY AFFECT-OR PROGRAM-PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS LATER IN LIFE. THIS DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING PROCESS HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO MATERNAL STRESS SIGNALS REACHING THE EMBRYO, WHICH LASTINGLY CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH THE INDUCTION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. DESPITE THE WELL-KNOWN FUNCTION OF THE ADULT CIRCADIAN SYSTEM IN TEMPORAL COORDINATION OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR, THE ROLE OF MATERNAL AND EMBRYONIC CIRCADIAN CLOCKS DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IS STILL POORLY DEFINED. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CIRCADIAN-STRESS CROSSTALK AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HELP TO IMPROVE STRESS RESISTANCE AND DEVISE PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AGAINST CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 5091 19 PLACENTAL DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY. THE PLACENTA DEVELOPS FROM THE OUTER TROPHOBLASTIC LAYER FOLLOWING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE FERTILIZED OVUM AND IS THEREFORE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO EPIGENETIC REGULATORY CHANGES CAUSED BY ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS AND INFLUENCES DURING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY. FURTHERMORE, THE PLACENTA REGULATES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FETAL HEART, BRAIN, KIDNEYS, BONES, AND OTHER TISSUES AND ORGANS [1]. PLACENTAL DYSPLASIA LEADS TO POOR PERINATAL OUTCOMES AS WELL AS LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS LATER IN LIFE, INCLUDING NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, TUMORS, AND ADULT METABOLIC SYNDROME [2,3]. IN VIEW OF THE DECISIVE ROLE OF THE PLACENTA DURING INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEVELOPMENT, GRAHAM J. BURTON, AN EXPERT IN PLACENTOLOGY FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, FORMALLY PROPOSED THE THEORY OF "PLACENTA-DERIVED CHRONIC DISEASES" IN 2018 BASED ON EMBRYONIC-DERIVED DISEASES [4]. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZED THE CHANGES IN PLACENTAL MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE, GROWTH DYNAMICS, IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES, AND OTHER ASPECTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY. OUR REVIEW PROVIDES A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ON PLACENTAL CHANGES CAUSED BY ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY THAT ARE MOST STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF NEONATAL LONG-TERM DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15 2799 19 FEED COMPOSITION DIFFERENCES RESULTING FROM ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FARMING PRACTICES AFFECT PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN WISTAR RATS-RESULTS FROM A FACTORIAL, TWO-GENERATION DIETARY INTERVENTION TRIAL. RECENT HUMAN COHORT STUDIES REPORTED POSITIVE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ORGANIC FOOD CONSUMPTION AND A LOWER INCIDENCE OF OBESITY, CANCER, AND SEVERAL OTHER DISEASES. HOWEVER, THERE ARE VERY FEW ANIMAL AND HUMAN DIETARY INTERVENTION STUDIES THAT PROVIDE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE OR A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS. HERE WE REPORT RESULTS FROM A TWO-GENERATION, DIETARY INTERVENTION STUDY WITH MALE WISTAR RATS TO IDENTIFY THE EFFECTS OF FEEDS MADE FROM ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL CROPS ON GROWTH, HORMONAL, AND IMMUNE SYSTEM PARAMETERS THAT ARE KNOWN TO AFFECT THE RISK OF A NUMBER OF CHRONIC, NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ANIMALS AND HUMANS. A 2 X 2 FACTORIAL DESIGN WAS USED TO SEPARATE THE EFFECTS OF CONTRASTING CROP PROTECTION METHODS (USE OR NON-USE OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL PESTICIDES) AND FERTILIZERS (MINERAL NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM (NPK) FERTILIZERS VS. MANURE USE) APPLIED IN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION. CONVENTIONAL, PESTICIDE-BASED CROP PROTECTION RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER FIBER, POLYPHENOL, FLAVONOID, AND LUTEIN, BUT HIGHER LIPID, ALDICARB, AND DIQUAT CONCENTRATIONS IN ANIMAL FEEDS. CONVENTIONAL, MINERAL NPK-BASED FERTILIZATION RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER POLYPHENOL, BUT HIGHER CADMIUM AND PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN FEEDS. FEED COMPOSITION DIFFERENCES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF PESTICIDES AND/OR MINERAL NPK-FERTILIZER HAD A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON FEED INTAKE, WEIGHT GAIN, PLASMA HORMONE, AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONCENTRATIONS, AND LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN BOTH GENERATIONS OF RATS AND IN THE SECOND GENERATION ALSO ON THE BODY WEIGHT AT WEANING. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT RELATIVELY SMALL CHANGES IN DIETARY INTAKES OF (A) PROTEIN, LIPIDS, AND FIBER, (B) TOXIC AND/OR ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING PESTICIDES AND METALS, AND (C) POLYPHENOLS AND OTHER ANTIOXIDANTS (RESULTING FROM PESTICIDE AND/OR MINERAL NPK-FERTILIZER USE) HAD COMPLEX AND OFTEN INTERACTIVE EFFECTS ON ENDOCRINE, IMMUNE SYSTEMS AND GROWTH PARAMETERS IN RATS. HOWEVER, THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CONTRASTING FEED COMPOSITION/INTAKE PROFILES DIFFERED SUBSTANTIALLY BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS OF RATS. THIS MAY INDICATE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING AND/OR THE GENERATION OF "ADAPTIVE" PHENOTYPES AND SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED FURTHER.	2021	

16  167 15 ABNORMAL PLACENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY AS A MARKER OF OVERALL HEALTH. INFERTILITY AND THE FERTILITY TREATMENTS UTILIZED ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL PLACENTATION LEADING TO ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES RELATED TO PLACENTATION, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, PLACENTA ACCRETE AND PLACENTA PREVIA. THIS MAY BE DUE TO THE UNDERLYING GENETICS PREDISPOSING TO INFERTILITY OR THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FERTILITY TREATMENTS UTILIZED, AS SPECIFIC DISEASE STATES LEADING TO INFERTILITY ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES, INCLUDING PLACENTAL ABRUPTION, FETAL LOSS, GDM, AND OUTCOMES RELATED TO PLACENTATION, AS WELL AS THE TREATMENTS UTILIZED INCLUDING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) AND NIFT (NON-IVF FERTILITY TREATMENT). PLACENTATION DEFECTS, LEADING TO ADVERSE MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES, WHICH ARE MORE PRONOUNCED IN THE INFERTILE POPULATION, OCCUR DUE TO CHANGES IN TROPHOBLAST INVASION, VASCULAR DEFECTS, CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MILIEU, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. THESE SIMILAR PROCESSES ARE RECOGNIZED AS MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO LIFELONG RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE FOR BOTH THE MOTHER AND HER OFFSPRING. THUS, ABNORMAL PLACENTATION, FOUND TO BE MORE PREVALENT IN THE INFERTILE POPULATION, MAY BE THE KEY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW INFERTILITY AFFECTS OVERALL AND LONG TERM HEALTH.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17 1162 14 CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS ON THE TRANSCRIPTOME, EPIGENOME, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ATLANTIC SALMON. STRESS EXPERIENCED DURING EARLY LIFE MAY HAVE LASTING EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WITH IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND DISEASE DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE AND DURATION OF THE STRESSOR. THE EPIGENOME IS ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI DURING EARLY LIFE AND REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH STRESS MAY CAUSE LONG-LASTING HEALTH EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE EPIGENOME RESPONDS DIFFERENTLY TO CHRONIC VS ACUTE STRESSORS IS UNCLEAR, ESPECIALLY FOR NON-MAMMALIAN SPECIES. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS (COLD-SHOCK DURING EMBRYOGENESIS) AND CHRONIC STRESS (ABSENCE OF TANK ENRICHMENT DURING LARVAL-STAGE) ON GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION (USING RNA-SEQ) AND DNA METHYLATION (USING RRBS) IN THE GILLS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) FOUR MONTHS AFTER HATCHING. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCED PRONOUNCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES, WHILE ACUTE STRESS CAUSED FEW LASTING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS. HOWEVER, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS CAUSED LASTING AND CONTRASTING CHANGES IN THE METHYLOME. CRUCIALLY, WE FOUND THAT ACUTE STRESS ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A PATHOGENIC CHALLENGE (BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, LPS), WHILE CHRONIC STRESS SUPPRESSED IT. WE IDENTIFIED STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN PROMOTER AND GENE-BODY METHYLATION THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION FOR A SMALL PROPORTION OF IMMUNE-RELATED GENES, AND EVIDENCE OF WIDER EPIGENETIC REGULATION WITHIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT STRESS CAN AFFECT IMMUNO-COMPETENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND HIGHLIGHT THE MARKEDLY DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LARVAL AND ACUTE EMBRYONIC STRESS. THIS KNOWLEDGE COULD BE USED TO HARNESS THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS ON IMMUNITY, PAVING THE WAY FOR IMPROVED STRESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONDITIONING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18 1295 17 DECREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF HIGH FAT DIET FED VERVET MONKEYS (CHLOROCEBUS AETHIOPS). EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES AND DUE TO THEIR REVERSIBLE NATURE OFFER A UNIQUE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO REVERSE THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CORRELATES WITH DYSGLYCEMIA IN THE VERVET MONKEY (CHLOROCEBUS AETHIOPS). DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE OBSERVED WHERE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS TWOFOLD LOWER IN MONKEYS FED A HIGH FAT DIET (N = 10) COMPARED TO MONKEYS FED A STANDARD DIET (N = 15). AN INVERSE CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION, BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS, BODYWEIGHT, AND AGE, ALTHOUGH THE ASSOCIATION WAS NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH FAT DIET IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC DISEASE; THUS, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THE USE OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AS A BIOMARKER TO ASSESS THE RISK FOR METABOLIC DISEASE. MOREOVER, THIS STUDY PROVIDES FURTHER SUPPORT FOR THE USE OF THE VERVET MONKEY AS A MODEL SYSTEM TO STUDY METABOLIC DISEASES SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES. INTEGRATION OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES INTO PREDICTIVE MODELS COULD FACILITATE RISK STRATIFICATION AND ENABLE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO INHIBIT DISEASE PROGRESSION. SUCH INTERVENTIONS COULD INCLUDE LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS WITH THE CAPACITY TO MODULATE DNA METHYLATION, THUS POTENTIALLY REVERSING THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE AND PREVENTING DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19 6825 12 [GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME]. THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND ITS EXACT PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM IS STILL UNCLEAR, BUT ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS LIKELY PLAY A ROLE. EXPOSITION TO TERATOGENIC EFFECTS DURING THE PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT CAN LEAD TO CHRONIC DISEASES IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD. THIS FINDING CONFIRMS THE COMMON FAMILIAL AGGREGATION AS WELL. A LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED UP TO JANUARY 1, 2016 FOR ARTICLES DEALING WITH THE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC FACTORS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. THIS REVIEW WILL DISCUSS THE CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC BASIS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF THIS DISEASE. ORV. HETIL., 2016, 157(32), 1275-1281.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20 2776 18 EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MALE RATS: THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IS CONSIDERED AS A CRITICAL TIME WINDOW FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LONG-TERM METABOLIC STATES AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS. EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (EUGR) CAUSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL DISADVANTAGES DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD ON PULMONARY VASCULAR CONSEQUENCES IN LATER LIFE ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION MEDIATES THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF THIS EARLY POSTNATAL EVENT. METHODS AND RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ISOLATED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY MAGNETIC-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING FROM EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. A POSTNATAL INSULT, NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION-INDUCED EUGR CAUSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNE PRECIPITATION CHIP, GENOME-SCALE MAPPING STUDIES TO SEARCH FOR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN CONTROL AND EUGR RATS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CYTOSINE METHYLATION BETWEEN EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. EUGR CHANGES THE CYTOSINE METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCI IN MALE RATS AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE, PRECEDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THESE REPRESENT THE CANDIDATE LOCI FOR MEDIATING THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE THAT OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES SHOWED THAT HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT-ASSOCIATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE LATE-DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES. WE VALIDATED CANDIDATE DYSREGULATED LOCI WITH THE QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSIONS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION IS A STRONG MECHANISM FOR PROPAGATING THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF EARLY POSTNATAL EVENTS, CAUSING CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND LONG-TERM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, AND FURTHER PROVIDING A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EUGR-RELATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2014