1 4573 71 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT, A LONG NONCODING RNA, IS OVEREXPRESSED DURING DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY DUE TO CHRONIC CHAGAS DISEASE. LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) MODULATE GENE EXPRESSION AT THE EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVELS. DYSREGULATION OF THE LNCRNA KNOWN AS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT (MIAT) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. CHAGAS DISEASE CAUSES A SEVERE INFLAMMATORY DILATED CHRONIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (CCC). WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF MIAT IN CCC. A WHOLE-TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF HEART BIOPSY SPECIMENS AND FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SAMPLES REVEALED THAT MIAT WAS OVEREXPRESSED IN PATIENTS WITH CCC, COMPARED WITH SUBJECTS WITH NONINFLAMMATORY DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AND CONTROLS. THESE RESULTS WERE CONFIRMED IN A MOUSE MODEL. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MIAT IS A SPECIFIC BIOMARKER OF CCC. 2016 2 6749 35 WHOLE-GENOME CARDIAC DNA METHYLATION FINGERPRINT AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC CHAGAS DISEASE CARDIOMYOPATHY. BACKGROUND: CHAGAS DISEASE, CAUSED BY THE PROTOZOAN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, IS ENDEMIC IN LATIN AMERICA AND AFFECTS 10 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. APPROXIMATELY 12000 DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHAGAS DISEASE OCCUR ANNUALLY DUE TO CHRONIC CHAGAS DISEASE CARDIOMYOPATHY (CCC), AN INFLAMMATORY CARDIOMYOPATHY PRESENTING WITH HEART FAILURE AND ARRYTHMIA; 30% OF INFECTED SUBJECTS DEVELOP CCC YEARS AFTER INFECTION. GENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY A ROLE IN DIFFERENTIAL PROGRESSION TO CCC, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN PATHOLOGICAL GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN CCC PATIENTS' MYOCARDIUM. DNA METHYLATION IS THE MOST COMMON MODIFICATION IN THE MAMMALIAN GENOME. METHODS: WE INVESTIGATED THE IMPACT OF GENOME-WIDE CARDIAC DNA METHYLATION ON GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION IN MYOCARDIAL SAMPLES FROM END-STAGE CCC PATIENTS, COMPARED TO CONTROL SAMPLES FROM ORGAN DONORS. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 4720 GENES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BETWEEN CCC PATIENTS AND CONTROLS, OF WHICH 399 WERE ALSO DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED. SEVERAL OF THEM WERE RELATED TO HEART FUNCTION OR TO THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND HAD METHYLATION SITES IN THEIR PROMOTER REGION. REPORTER GENE AND IN SILICO TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING ANALYSES INDICATED PROMOTER METHYLATION MODIFIED EXPRESSION OF KEY GENES. AMONG THOSE, WE FOUND POTASSIUM CHANNEL GENES KCNA4 AND KCNIP4, INVOLVED IN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION AND ARRYTHMIA, SMOC2, INVOLVED IN MATRIX REMODELING, AS WELL AS ENKEPHALIN AND RUNX3, POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN THE INCREASED T-HELPER 1 CYTOKINE-MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE IN HEART. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS SUPPORT THAT DNA METHYLATION PLAYS A ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF PATHOGENICALLY RELEVANT GENES IN CCC MYOCARDIUM, AND IDENTIFY NOVEL POTENTIAL DISEASE PATHWAYS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN CCC. 2017 3 2768 29 EXPRESSIONS OF SERUM LNCRNAS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY - A POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOL. WITH INCREASING INCIDENCE OF DIABETES WORLDWIDE, THERE IS AN EVER-EXPANDING NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (DR), ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF BLINDNESS IN THE WORKING AGE POPULATION. EARLY SCREENING FOR THE ONSET AND SEVERITY OF DR IS ESSENTIAL FOR TIMELY INTERVENTION. WITH RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN GENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES, EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN DR ARE BEGINNING TO UNRAVEL. LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS), WHICH ARE KEY EPIGENETIC MEDIATORS, HAVE DEMONSTRATED IMPLICATIONS IN SEVERAL (DR) RELATED PROCESSES. BASED ON THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH, WE HAVE DEVELOPED A SERUM-BASED, MULTI-PANEL PCR TEST USING 9 LNCRNAS (ANRIL, MALAT1, WISPER, ZFAS1, H19, HOTAIR, HULC, MEG3, AND MIAT) TO IDENTIFY AND VALIDATE WHETHER THIS PANEL COULD BE USED AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOL FOR DR. WE INITIALLY USED A CELL CULTURE MODEL (HUMAN RETINAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) AND CONFIRMED THAT 25 MM GLUCOSE INDUCES UPREGULATIONS OF ANRIL, HOTAIR, HULC, MALAT1, AND ZFAS1, AND DOWNREGULATION OF H19 COMPARED TO 5 MM GLUCOSE CONTROLS. THEN AS AN INITIAL PROOF-OF-CONCEPT, WE TESTED VITREOUS HUMOR AND SERUM SAMPLES FROM A SMALL COHORT OF NON-DIABETIC (N=10) AND DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH PROLIFERATIVE RETINOPATHY (PDR, N=11) AND MEASURED THE LEVELS OF THE 9 LNCRNAS. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSIONS OF LNCRNAS WERE FOUND IN THE VITREOUS AND SERUM OF PATIENTS AND SHOWED SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS. WE EXPANDED OUR APPROACH AND ASSESSED THE SAME LNCRNAS USING SAMPLES FROM A LARGER COHORT OF DIABETIC (N= 59; M/F:44/15) AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS (N= 11; M/F:4/7). SIGNIFICANT INCREASED LNCRNA EXPRESSIONS OF ANRIL, H19, HOTAIR, HULC, MIAT, WISPER AND ZFAS1 WERE OBSERVED IN THE SERUM OF DIABETIC PATIENTS (WITH VARYING STAGES OF DR) COMPARED TO NON-DIABETICS. NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS WERE DEMONSTRATED BETWEEN LNCRNA EXPRESSIONS AND CREATININE OR GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN (HBA1C) LEVELS. USING ROC AND FURTHER ANALYSES, WE IDENTIFIED DISTINCT LNCRNA PHENOTYPE COMBINATIONS, WHICH MAY BE USED TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS WITH DR. DATA FROM THIS STUDY INDICATE THAT A PANEL OF SERUM LNCRNAS MAY BE USED FOR A POTENTIAL SCREENING TEST FOR DR. FURTHER LARGE-SCALE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO VALIDATE THIS NOTION. 2022 4 2375 30 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING MOTIFS PROMOTES TH1 RESPONSE IN CHAGAS DISEASE CARDIOMYOPATHY. CHAGAS DISEASE, CAUSED BY THE PROTOZOAN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, IS AN ENDEMIC PARASITIC DISEASE OF LATIN AMERICA, AFFECTING 7 MILLION PEOPLE. ALTHOUGH MOST PATIENTS ARE ASYMPTOMATIC, 30% DEVELOP COMPLICATIONS, INCLUDING THE OFTEN-FATAL CHRONIC CHAGASIC CARDIOMYOPATHY (CCC). ALTHOUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED SOME GENETIC DEREGULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CCCS, THE CAUSES OF THEIR DEREGULATIONS REMAIN POORLY DESCRIBED. BASED ON BULK RNA-SEQ AND WHOLE GENOME DNA METHYLATION DATA, WE INVESTIGATED THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DEREGULATIONS PRESENT IN THE MODERATE AND SEVERE STAGES OF CCC. ANALYSIS OF HEART TISSUE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY 1407 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED TRANSCRIPTS (DEGS) SPECIFIC FROM CCC PATIENTS. A TISSUE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS DONE ON THE SAME TISSUE HAS PERMITTED THE IDENTIFICATION OF 92 REGULATORY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) LOCALIZED IN THE PROMOTER OF DEGS. AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS BINDING SITES (TFBS) IN THE DMRS CORROBORATED THE IMPORTANCE OF TFBS'S DNA METHYLATION FOR GENE EXPRESSION IN CCC MYOCARDIUM. TBX21, RUNX3 AND EBF1 ARE THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WHOSE BINDING MOTIF APPEARS TO BE AFFECTED BY DNA METHYLATION IN THE LARGEST NUMBER OF GENES. BY COMBINING BOTH TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND METHYLOMIC ANALYSIS ON HEART TISSUE, AND METHYLOMIC ANALYSIS ON BLOOD, 4 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AFFECTED BY SEVERE CCC HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING IMMUNE RESPONSE, ION TRANSPORT, CARDIAC MUSCLE PROCESSES AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. AN ADDITIONAL STUDY ON BLOOD METHYLATION OF MODERATE CCC SAMPLES PUT FORWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF ION TRANSPORT AND NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE. 2022 5 1718 31 DYSREGULATED LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN THE TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY MOUSE MODEL. PURPOSE: TO PERFORM COMPREHENSIVE PROFILING OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) IN TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY. METHODS: WE PERFORMED EXTENSIVE PROFILING OF LNCRNAS AND MRNAS IN THE MOUSE PILOCARPINE MODEL IN SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS, THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX, AND COMPARED THE RESULTS TO THOSE OF THE CONTROL MOUSE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS AND MRNAS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH A MICROARRAY ANALYSIS (ARRAYSTAR MOUSE LNCRNA EXPRESSION MICROARRAY V3.0). THEN, GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS IN THE PILOCARPINE MODEL. PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS TRANSCRIBED BY DYSREGULATED MRNAS WITH/WITHOUT CO-DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WERE ANALYZED USING STRING V10 (HTTP://STRING-DB.ORG/). RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 22 AND 83 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED (>/=2.0-FOLD, ALL P < .05), RESPECTIVELY, IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL, WHILE 46 AND 659 LNCRNAS WERE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATED, RESPECTIVELY, IN THE CORTEX OF THE EPILEPSY MODEL. GO AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH A PROCESS ALREADY KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN EPILEPTOGENESIS: ACUTE INFLAMMATION, CALCIUM ION REGULATION, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING, AND NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION. AMONG THE LNCRNAS, WE IDENTIFIED 10 LNCRNAS COMMONLY DYSREGULATED WITH CORRESPONDING MRNAS IN THE CORTEX. THE STRING ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE DYSREGULATED MRNAS WERE INTERCONNECTED AROUND TWO CENTERS: THE MTOR PATHWAY-RELATED GENES AND REST PATHWAY-RELATED GENES. CONCLUSION: LNCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE PILOCARPINE MOUSE MODEL ACCORDING TO THE BRAIN REGIONS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND CORTEX. THE DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS WITH CO-DYSREGULATED MRNAS MIGHT BE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY. 2018 6 1727 29 DYSREGULATION OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN MOUSE MODELS OF LOCALIZATION-RELATED EPILEPSY. GENOME-WIDE PROFILING HAS REVEALED THAT EUKARYOTIC GENOMES ARE TRANSCRIBED INTO NUMEROUS NON-CODING RNAS. IN PARTICULAR, LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN VARIOUS HUMAN DISEASES DUE TO THEIR BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY. EPILEPTIC DISORDERS HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY DYSREGULATION OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS, AND RECENT STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL LNCRNAS INVOLVED IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NETWORK FUNCTION. HOWEVER, COMPREHENSIVE PROFILING OF LNCRNAS IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC EPILEPSY HAS BEEN LACKING. IN THIS STUDY, MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO OBTAIN THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF LNCRNAS DYSREGULATED IN PILOCARPINE AND KAINATE MODELS, TWO MODELS OF TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY COMMONLY USED FOR STUDYING EPILEPTIC MECHANISMS. TOTAL OF 4622 LNCRNAS WERE ANALYZED: 384 LNCRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED IN PILOCARPINE MODEL, AND 279 LNCRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED IN KAINATE MODEL COMPARED WITH CONTROL MICE (>/=3.0-FOLD, P < 0.05). AMONG THESE, 54 AND 14 LNCRNAS, RESPECTIVELY, HAD ADJACENT PROTEIN-CODING GENES WHOSE EXPRESSIONS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY DYSREGULATED (>/=2.0-FOLD, P < 0.05). MAJORITY OF THESE PAIRS OF LNCRNAS AND ADJACENT GENES SHARED THE SAME DIRECTION OF DYSREGULATION. FOR THE SELECTED ADJACENT GENE-LNCRNA PAIRS, SIGNIFICANT GENE ONTOLOGY TERMS WERE EMBRYONIC APPENDAGE MORPHOGENESIS AND NEURON DIFFERENTIATION. THIS WAS THE FIRST STUDY TO COMPREHENSIVELY IDENTIFY DYSREGULATED LNCRNAS IN TWO DIFFERENT MODELS OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND WILL LIKELY PROVIDE A NOVEL INSIGHT INTO DEVELOPING LNCRNA THERAPEUTICS. 2015 7 1336 19 DESCRIBING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DEPENDENT REGULATION OF THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. WHILE THE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION OF PROTEIN CODING GENES WAS EXTENSIVELY STUDIED, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON HOW TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION OF NON-CODING RNAS, SPECIFICALLY OF MICRORNAS. HERE, WE PROPOSE A STRATEGY TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN REGULATING TRANSCRIPTION OF MICRORNAS USING PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE DATA, COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES AND HIGH THROUGHPUT DATA. WE USE THE H3K4ME3 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP)-SEQUENCING DATA FROM THE ENCODE PROJECT TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS THAT ARE ENRICHED WITH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. BY TRANSFECTING CELLS OF INTEREST WITH SHRNA TARGETING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OF INTEREST AND SUBJECTING THE CELLS TO MICRORNA ARRAY, WE STUDY THE EFFECT OF THIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE WE USE OUR STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF STAT3 ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS. 2016 8 2771 24 EXTENSIVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION AND HYPOMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. DYSREGULATED MICRORNA (MIRNA) EXPRESSION CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES, INCLUDING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSE ABERRANT MIRNA TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL IS LACKING. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPREHENSIVELY INVESTIGATED THE ROLE AND EXTENT OF MIRNA EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CLL. GENOME-WIDE PROFILING CONDUCTED ON 24 CLL AND 10 HEALTHY B CELL SAMPLES REVEALED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS UPSTREAM OF MIRNA SEQUENCES THAT DISTINGUISHED MALIGNANT FROM HEALTHY CELLS AND IDENTIFIED PUTATIVE MIRNA PROMOTERS. INTEGRATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND MIRNA PROMOTER DATA LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF 128 RECURRENT MIRNA TARGETS FOR ABERRANT PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION. DNA HYPOMETHYLATION ACCOUNTED FOR MORE THAN 60% OF ALL ABERRANT PROMOTER-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION IN CLL, AND PROMOTER DNA HYPOMETHYLATION WAS RESTRICTED TO WELL-DEFINED REGIONS. INDIVIDUAL HYPER- AND HYPOMETHYLATED PROMOTERS ALLOWED DISCRIMINATION OF CLL SAMPLES FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE CONFIRMED IN AN INDEPENDENT PATIENT COHORT, WITH 11 MIRNAS CONSISTENTLY SHOWING AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS CHARACTERIZE THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE REGULATION OF MIRNA TRANSCRIPTION AND CREATE A REPOSITORY OF DISEASE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER REGIONS THAT MAY PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLL. 2012 9 1500 30 DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF CD4+ T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS. PSORIASIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY ABERRANT CROSS-TALK BETWEEN KERATINOCYTES AND IMMUNE CELLS SUCH AS CD4+ T CELLS, RESULTING IN KERATINOCYTE HYPERPROLIFERATION IN THE EPIDERMIS. DNA METHYLATION, ONE OF SEVERAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT CHANGING THE DNA SEQUENCE. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN SKIN LESIONS FROM PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF CD4+ T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS COMPARED WITH HEALTHY SUBJECTS USING METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ). THE RESULTS OF MEDIP-SEQ SHOWED THAT THE GLOBAL METHYLATION VALUES OF CD4+ T CELLS ARE HIGHER IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS THAN IN HEALTHY CONTROLS, PARTICULARLY IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS. AMONG THE MOST HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS, WE SELECTED THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN THE CD4+ T CELLS OF PSORIASIS PATIENTS. STUDIES USING THE METHYLATION INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE IN VITRO METHYLATION ASSAYS HAVE SHOWN THAT THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH THE METHYLATION STATUS OF EACH GENE. BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF THE TRANSCRIPTION START REGION OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHATASE TYPE 2 DOMAIN CONTAINING 3 (PPAPDC3), ONE OF THE SELECTED GENES, SHOWED HYPERMETHYLATION IN THE CD4+ T CELLS OF PSORIASIS PATIENTS. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT THE METHYLATION STATUS, WHICH IS IDENTIFIED BY MEDIP-SEQ OF THE GENES, WAS CORRELATED WITH THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVEL OF THE GENES. COLLECTIVELY, THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN CD4+ T CELLS MIGHT BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS. 2014 10 2909 29 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN FIBROMYALGIA INDICATES AN AUTOIMMUNE ORIGIN OF THE DISEASE AND OPENS NEW AVENUES FOR TARGETED THERAPY. FIBROMYALGIA IS A CHRONIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD PAIN AND BY SEVERAL NON-PAIN SYMPTOMS. AUTOIMMUNITY, SMALL FIBER NEUROPATHY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OBTAINED FROM TEN PATIENTS AND TEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. OF THE 545,500 TRANSCRIPTS ANALYZED, 1673 RESULTED MODULATED IN FIBROMYALGIC PATIENTS. THE MAJORITY OF THESE GENES ARE INVOLVED IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS LINKED TO THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DISEASE. MOREOVER, GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS CONNECTED TO INTERLEUKIN-17 AND TO TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNATURES WERE ALSO MODULATED, SUGGESTING THAT AUTOIMMUNITY PLAYS A ROLE IN THE DISEASE. WE THEN AIMED AT IDENTIFYING DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) FUNCTIONALLY CONNECTED TO MODULATED GENES BOTH DIRECTLY AND VIA MICRORNA TARGETING. ONLY TWO LNCRNAS OF THE 298 FOUND MODULATED IN PATIENTS, WERE ABLE TO TARGET THE MOST HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES IN THE FIBROMYALGIA INTERACTOME, SUGGESTING THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN CRUCIAL GENE REGULATION. OUR GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE CONFIRMED BY REAL TIME PCR, BY AUTOANTIBODY TESTING, DETECTION OF SOLUBLE MEDIATORS AND TH-17 POLARIZATION IN A VALIDATION COHORT OF 50 PATIENTS. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AS WELL AS AUTOIMMUNITY PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROMYALGIA. 2020 11 3765 29 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE COLON BIOPSIES. BACKGROUND: CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) ARE INTESTINAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS CHARACTERIZED BY ALTERED EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND TISSUE DAMAGE. DESPITE SIGNIFICANT EFFORTS TO UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION, THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CD AND UC REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR GUT INFLAMMATION IN CD AND UC, TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HUMAN COLON BIOPSY SPECIMENS WAS PERFORMED. DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN DISEASE TISSUES COMPARED WITH NORMAL TISSUES WERE CHARACTERIZED FROM THE EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FURTHER SUBJECTED TO PATHWAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS. RESULTS: SAMPLE ANALYSIS SHOWED 4250 GENES WITH MATCHED PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND A WIDE RANGE OF CORRELATION OF RNA-PROTEIN ABUNDANCE ACROSS SAMPLES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PROTEINS IN CD AND UC SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, COMPLEMENT CASCADE, AND THE SUPPRESSION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES AND PPAR SIGNALING. IN CD, INCREASED T-HELPER CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND ELEVATED TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR AND JAK/STAT SIGNALING WERE OBSERVED. INTERESTINGLY, INCREASED MAPK SIGNALING WAS ONLY OBSERVED IN UC. WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS SUGGESTED A POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN UC. OF NOTE, A LARGE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN REGULATION OF RNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN INFLAMED COLON SAMPLES WAS DETECTED FOR PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED BIOMARKERS INCLUDING MMP14 AND LAMP1. CONCLUSIONS: WITH THE ANALYSIS OF DYSREGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS, THE PRESENT STUDY UNRAVELS KEY MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO CD AND UC PATHOGENESIS AND EMPHASIZES THAT INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OMICS DATA SETS CAN PROVIDE MORE INSIGHT INTO UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX DISEASE MECHANISMS. 2019 12 423 27 ANRIL REGULATES MULTIPLE MOLECULES OF PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. BACKGROUND: HYPERGLYCEMIA-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATIONS LEAD TO ABERRANT SYNTHESIS OF A LARGE NUMBER OF PATHOGENETIC MOLECULES LEADING TO FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO MULTIPLE END ORGANS INCLUDING THE KIDNEYS. DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY (DN) REMAINS A MAJOR CAUSE OF END STAGE RENAL DISEASE. MULTIPLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING ALTERATION OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) MAY PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE MEDIATING THE CELLULAR TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITIES. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT LNCRNA ANRIL MAY MEDIATE DIABETES ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR, FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES IN DN. HERE WE EXPLORED DOWNSTREAM MECHANISMS OF ANRIL ALTERATION IN DN. METHODS: WE USED RENAL CORTICAL TISSUES FROM ANRIL KNOCKOUT (KO) MICE AND WILD TYPE (WT) MICE, WITH OR WITHOUT STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ) INDUCED DIABETES FOR RNA SEQUENCING. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED USING EDGER AND DESEQ2 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS. KEGG AND REACTOME PATHWAY ANALYSES AND NETWORK ANALYSES USING STRING AND IPA WERE SUBSEQUENTLY PERFORMED. RESULTS: DIABETIC ANIMALS SHOWED HYPERGLYCEMIA, REDUCED BODY WEIGHT GAIN, POLYURIA AND INCREASED URINARY ALBUMIN. BOTH ALBUMINURIA AND POLYURIA WERE CORRECTED IN THE KO DIABETIC MICE. RNA ANALYSES SHOWED DIABETES INDUCED ALTERATIONS OF A LARGE NUMBER OF TRANSCRIPTS IN THE WILD TYPE (WT) ANIMALS. ANRIL KNOCKOUT (KO) PREVENTED A LARGE NUMBER OF SUCH ALTERATIONS. THE ALTERED TRANSCRIPTS INCLUDE METABOLIC PATHWAYS, APOPTOSIS, EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION, NFKB RELATED PATHWAYS, AGE-RAGE INTERACTION PATHWAYS ETC. ANRIL KO PREVENTED MAJORITY OF THESE PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT AS ANRIL REGULATES A LARGE NUMBER OF MOLECULES OF PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE, IT MAY POTENTIALLY BE A DRUG TARGET FOR DN AND OTHER CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. 2022 13 5888 27 SYSTEMIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ISCHEMIA STROKE, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. BACKGROUND: TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES ARE AVAILABLE FOR A VARIETY OF CARDIOVASCULAR-RELATED DISEASES. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO COMPARE BLOOD TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES OF THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR), T-CELL RECEPTOR (TCR), AND B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN ASYMPTOMATIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY COMMON MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE REGULATION AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. METHODS AND RESULTS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES FROM HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELATED DISEASES AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO). GENES IN THE TLR, TCR, AND BCR PATHWAYS WERE RETRIEVED FROM THE NCBI BIOSYSTEMS DATABASE. SIGNIFICANCE OF GENE ENRICHMENT AND CONCORDANCE OF EXPRESSION CHANGES IN EACH PATHWAY WAS COMPARED BETWEEN STUDIES. GENE EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED ACROSS THE THREE DISEASE CONDITIONS (P<10(-15)) AND THE PROPORTION OF SIGNIFICANT GENES WAS HIGH (30~60%, P<0.001). HUB GENES IDENTIFIED BY WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS (WGCNA) IN THE TCR/BCR SUB-NETWORK, INCLUDING CD81 AND TCR-CD3ZETA, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED AND HIGHLY CORRELATED WITH DNA (CYTOSINE-5-)-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1). CONCLUSION: COMMON BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE REGULATION IN STROKE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WERE DISCOVERED. GIVEN THE HIGH CORRELATION OF DNMT1 WITH THESE IMMUNE SIGNALING PATHWAYS, EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE COORDINATION OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN ALL CVD DISEASE STATES. DOWN-REGULATION OF THE TCR-BCR AXIS IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM OFFERS CRITICAL INFORMATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-INDUCED IMMUNE SUPPRESSION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND STROKE. 2015 14 5120 25 POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY EFFECT OF DYSREGULATED CIRCULAR RNAS IN EPILEPSY. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) INVOLVE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND ITS MAJOR MECHANISM IS THE SEQUESTRATION OF THE TARGET MICRO RNAS (MIRNAS). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CIRCRNAS MIGHT BE RELATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND EVALUATED THE ALTERED CIRCRNA EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR POSSIBLE REGULATORY EFFECTS ON THEIR TARGET MIRNAS AND MRNAS IN A MOUSE EPILEPSY MODEL. THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE PILOCARPINE MICE WAS ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH CONTROL. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNA BINDING SITES (MIRNA RESPONSE ELEMENTS, MRE) IN THE DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET MIRNAS WAS EVALUATED. AS MIRNAS ALSO INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MRNAS, CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK, COMPRISED OF DYSREGULATED RNAS THAT TARGETS ONE ANOTHER WERE SEARCHED. FOR THE IDENTIFIED NETWORKS, BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED. AS THE RESULT, FORTY-THREE CIRCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (UP-REGULATED, 26; DOWN-REGULATED, 17). THE CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF MRE IN THOSE CIRCRNAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CHANGE IN THE RELEVANT TARGET MIRNA EXPRESSION (R = -0.461, P<0.001), SUPPORTING THAT CIRCRNAS INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MIRNA. 333 DYSREGULATED CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORKS WERE IDENTIFIED. GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED THAT THE UP-REGULATED MRNAS IN THOSE NETWORKS WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE MAJOR PROCESSES IN EPILEPSY. AMONG THEM, STRING ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 37 KEY MRNAS WITH ABUNDANT (>/=4) INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DYSREGULATED TARGET MRNAS. THE DYSREGULATION OF THE CIRCRNAS WHICH HAD MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS WITH KEY MRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY PCR. WE CONCLUDED THAT DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS MIGHT HAVE A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC ROLE IN CHRONIC EPILEPSY BY REGULATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RELEVANT MRNAS VIA CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA INTERACTIONS. 2018 15 1131 27 COMPREHENSIVE CIRCULAR RNA EXPRESSION PROFILING WITH ASSOCIATED CERNA NETWORK REVEALS THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN CHOLESTEATOMA. CHOLESTEATOMA IS A CHRONIC DISEASE THAT PATHOLOGICALLY DISPLAYS A BENIGN TUMOR WITH EXCESSIVE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE MIDDLE EAR. CLINICALLY, HOWEVER, IT CAN MANIFEST MALIGNANT BEHAVIOR BY DESTROYING ADJACENT TISSUES AND ORGANS. ALTHOUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLESTEATOMA IS CORRELATED WITH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION, THE EXACT MECHANISM REMAINS UNCLEAR. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) HAVE BEEN REVEALED AS BEING ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED IN VARIOUS ORGANISMS AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE REGULATION OF MANY DISEASES. TO DATE, NO REPORTS HAVE ELUCIDATED THEIR EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FUNCTIONS IN CHOLESTEATOMA. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN CHOLESTEATOMA WAS EXPLORED FOR THE FIRST TIME BY USING MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. WE OBTAINED A TOTAL OF 355 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS IN CHOLESTEATOMA, AMONG WHICH 101 WERE IDENTIFIED TO BE UPREGULATED AND 254 DOWNREGULATED. BY CONSTRUCTING CIRCRNA?LNCRNA?MIRNA?MRNA COMPETING ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) NETWORK, IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT CIRCRNAS MAY FUNCTION AS CERNAS AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE FORMATION OF CHOLESTEATOMA. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLESTEATOMA AND SUGGEST CIRCRNAS AS POTENTIAL PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR CHOLESTEATOMA. 2020 16 4677 30 NEW LNCRNAS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PROGRESSION: FROM FIBROSIS TO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER-RELATED DEATH IN THE WORLD, AND ABOUT 80% OF THE CASES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B OR C. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE ACCUMULATED OVER DECADES OF CHRONIC INJURY AND MAY AFFECT THE FUNCTIONING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND PROTOONCOGENES. STUDIES HAVE EVIDENCED THE ROLE OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNA) WITH ONCOGENIC OR TUMOR SUPPRESSOR ACTIVITIES, SUGGESTING A GREAT POTENTIAL IN THE TREATMENT, DIAGNOSIS OR INDICATOR OF PROGNOSIS IN CANCER. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE GLOBAL EXPRESSION PROFILE LNCRNA IN HEPATIC TISSUE SAMPLES WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF FIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, HCC AND NORMAL LIVER, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY NEW LNCRNAS THAT COULD CONTRIBUTE TO STUDY THE PROGRESSION OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS TO HCC ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. RNA-SEQ WAS PERFORMED ON ILLUMINA NEXTSEQ PLATFORM TO IDENTIFY LNCRNAS EXPRESSED DIFFERENTLY IN 15 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C, THREE PATIENTS WITH HCC AND THREE NORMAL LIVER SPECIMENS. WHEN THE PATHOLOGICAL TISSUES (FIBROSIS AND CARCINOMA) WERE COMPARED TO NORMAL HEPATIC TISSUE, WERE IDENTIFIED 2, 6 E 34 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS IN MODERATE FIBROSIS, ADVANCED FIBROSIS AND HCC, RESPECTIVELY. THE CARCINOMA GROUP HAD THE HIGHEST PROPORTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNA (34) AND OF THESE, 29 WERE EXCLUSIVE IN THIS TYPE OF TISSUE. A HEAT MAP OF THE DEREGULATED LNCRNA REVEALED DIFFERENT EXPRESSION PATTERNS ALONG THE PROGRESSION OF FIBROSIS TO HCC. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE DEREGULATION OF SOME LNCRNA ALREADY CLASSIFIED AS TUMOR SUPPRESSORS IN HCC AND OTHER CANCERS, AS WELL AS SOME UNPUBLISHED LNCRNA WHOSE FUNCTION IS UNKNOWN. SOME OF THESE LNCRNAS ARE DYSREGULATED SINCE THE EARLY STAGES OF LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C, OTHERS OVEREXPRESSED ONLY IN TUMOR TISSUE, INDICATING THEMSELVES AS CANDIDATES OF MARKERS OF FIBROSIS PROGRESSION OR TUMOR, WITH POTENTIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN PROGNOSIS AS WELL AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE ALREADY STUDIES ON LNCRNA IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY CONDUCTED IN SAMPLES EXCLUSIVELY OF HCV-RELATED LIVER AND HCV HCC. 2020 17 1568 17 DNA METHYLATION OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR MIRNA GENES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE GENOME INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF NUMEROUS CELLULAR PROCESSES THROUGH GENE SILENCING WITHOUT ALTERING DNA SEQUENCES. MIRNAS, A CLASS OF SINGLE-STRANDED NONCODING RNAS OF 19-25 NUCLEOTIDES IN LENGTH, FUNCTION AS POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION LEADING TO MRNA CLEAVAGE OR TRANSLATIONAL REPRESSION OF THEIR CORRESPONDING TARGET PROTEIN-CODING GENES. RECENTLY, DYSREGULATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MIRNAS MEDIATED BY PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS IMPLICATED IN HUMAN CANCERS, INCLUDING B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). MOREOVER, IT APPEARS THAT METHYLATED MIRNA GENES COULD BE POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR CLL DIAGNOSIS OR THERAPY. THIS REVIEW WILL HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF ABERRANT METHYLATION OF MIRNA GENES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLL. 2015 18 3 28 "EPIGENOME-WIDE METHYLATION PROFILE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE-DERIVED ARTERIAL DNA UNCOVERS NOVEL PATHWAYS IN DISEASE-ASSOCIATED CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY.". CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) RELATED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY VASCULAR REMODELLING WITH WELL-ESTABLISHED STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE VASCULAR WALL SUCH AS ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, MATRIX DEPOSITION, AND CALCIFICATION. THESE PHENOTYPIC CHANGES RESEMBLE PATHOLOGY SEEN IN AGEING, AND ARE LIKELY TO BE MEDIATED BY SUSTAINED ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY BE CAUSED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS TISSUE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE TISSUE SPECIFIC CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION THAT OCCUR IN CKD-RELATED CVD. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WERE EXAMINED IN BISULPHITE CONVERTED GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED FROM THE VASCULAR MEDIA OF CKD AND HEALTHY ARTERIES. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR WAS USED TO VALIDATE THE ARRAY DATA, AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION WAS EXAMINED. THE DNA METHYLATION AGE WAS COMPARED TO THE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN BOTH CASES AND CONTROLS. THREE HUNDRED AND NINETEEN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) WERE IDENTIFIED SPREAD ACROSS THE GENOME. PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT DMRS ASSOCIATED WITH GENES WERE INVOLVED IN EMBRYONIC AND VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT, AND SIGNALLING PATHWAYS SUCH AS TGFBETA AND FGF. EXPRESSION OF TOP DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE HOXA5 SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH DNA METHYLATION. INTERESTINGLY, DNA METHYLATION AGE AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE WERE HIGHLY CORRELATED, BUT THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF ACCELERATED AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION IN THE ARTERIES OF CKD PATIENTS. IN CONCLUSION, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE ARTERIAL TISSUE OF CKD PATIENTS REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR OF ARTERIAL PATHOLOGY AND MAY BE USED TO UNCOVER NOVEL PATHWAYS IN THE GENESIS OF CKD-ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS. 2021 19 6684 17 VALIDATION OF AN LC-MS BASED APPROACH FOR PROFILING HISTONES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. THE IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HISTONES AND THEIR PTMS HAS DRAWN SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC THERAPIES. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HISTONE ISOFORMS MAY SERVE AS A POTENTIAL MARKER IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AFFECTED BY CHROMATIN ABNORMALITIES. IN THIS STUDY, PROTEIN PROFILING BY LC AND MS WAS USED TO EXPLORE DIFFERENCES IN HISTONE COMPOSITION IN PRIMARY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS. EXTENSIVE METHOD VALIDATIONS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE EXPERIMENTAL VARIANCES THAT WOULD IMPACT HISTONE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE. THE RESULTING DATA DEMONSTRATED THAT THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY WAS SUITABLE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HISTONE PROFILES. IN 4 NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND 40 CLL PATIENTS, A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF HISTONE H2A VARIANTS (H2AFL AND H2AFA/M*) WAS OBSERVED IN PRIMARY CLL CELLS AS COMPARED TO NORMAL B CELLS. PROTEIN IDENTITIES WERE DETERMINED USING HIGH MASS ACCURACY MS AND SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS. 2009 20 6431 25 THE USE OF TARGETED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TO EXPLORE CANDIDATE REGULATORS OF TGF-BETA1'S IMPACT ON KIDNEY CELLS. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA1) PLAYS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE. FURTHER, DAMAGE TO KIDNEY GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS IS CENTRAL TO THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MRNA, MICRORNA, AND EPIGENETICS IN MESANGIAL CELLS IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. METHODS: THE REGULATORY EFFECTS OF TGF-BETA1 ON MESANGIAL CELLS WERE INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT MOLECULAR LEVELS BY TREATING MESANGIAL CELLS WITH TGF-BETA1 FOR 3 DAYS FOLLOWED BY GENOME-WIDE MIRNA, RNA, DNA METHYLATION, AND H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION PROFILING USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE, COMPUTATIONALLY INTEGRATED REPORT OF RNA-SEQ, MIRNA-SEQ, AND EPIGENOMIC ANALYSES ACROSS ALL GENETIC VARIATIONS, CONFIRMING THE OCCURRENCE OF DNA METHYLATION AND H3K27ME3 IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. OUR FINDINGS SHOW THAT THE EXPRESSION OF KLF7 AND GJA4 ARE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1 REGULATED DNA METHYLATION. OUR DATA ALSO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THE EXPRESSION OF GENES CLOSELY RELATED TO TGF-BETA1 REGULATION. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY HAS ADVANCED OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1-REGULATED GENES INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE. THE MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS OF TGF-BETA1 STIMULATION OF KIDNEY CELLS WAS DETERMINED, THEREBY PROVIDING A ROBUST PLATFORM FOR FURTHER TARGET EXPLORATION. 2018