1 4492 153 MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR ROHHAD PHENOTYPE. RAPID-ONSET OBESITY WITH HYPOTHALAMIC DYSFUNCTION, HYPOVENTILATION, AND AUTONOMIC DYSREGULATION (ROHHAD) FALLS WITHIN A GROUP OF PEDIATRIC DISORDERS WITH BOTH RESPIRATORY CONTROL AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSREGULATION. CHILDREN WITH ROHHAD TYPICALLY PRESENT AFTER 1.5 YEARS OF AGE WITH RAPID WEIGHT GAIN AS THE INITIAL SIGN. SUBSEQUENTLY, THEY DEVELOP ALVEOLAR HYPOVENTILATION, AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSREGULATION, AND, IF UNTREATED, CARDIORESPIRATORY ARREST. TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF DISCORDANT PRESENTATION OF ROHHAD IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. TWIN GIRLS, BORN AT TERM, HAD CONCORDANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNTIL 8 YEARS OF AGE. FROM 8 TO 12 YEARS OF AGE, THE AFFECTED TWIN DEVELOPED FEATURES CHARACTERISTIC OF ROHHAD INCLUDING OBESITY, ALVEOLAR HYPOVENTILATION, SCOLIOSIS, HYPOTHALAMIC DYSFUNCTION (CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS, HYPOTHYROIDISM, PREMATURE PUBARCHE, AND GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY), RIGHT PARASPINAL/THORACIC GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA, SEIZURES, AND AUTONOMIC DYSREGULATION INCLUDING ALTERED PAIN PERCEPTION, LARGE AND SLUGGISHLY REACTIVE PUPILS, HYPOTHERMIA, AND PROFOUND BRADYCARDIA THAT REQUIRED A CARDIAC PACEMAKER. RESULTS OF GENETIC TESTING FOR PHOX2B (CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME DISEASE-DEFINING GENE) MUTATIONS WERE NEGATIVE. WITH EARLY RECOGNITION AND CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT, THE AFFECTED TWIN HAD EXCELLENT NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME THAT MATCHED THAT OF THE UNAFFECTED TWIN. THE UNAFFECTED TWIN DEMONSTRATED RAPID WEIGHT GAIN LATER IN AGE BUT NOT DEVELOPMENT OF SIGNS/SYMPTOMS CONSISTENT WITH ROHHAD. THIS DISCORDANT TWIN PAIR DEMONSTRATES KEY FEATURES OF ROHHAD INCLUDING THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY RECOGNITION (ESPECIALLY HYPOVENTILATION), COMPLEXITY OF SIGNS/SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL COURSE, AND IMPORTANCE OF INITIATING COMPREHENSIVE, MULTISPECIALTY CARE. THESE CASES CONFOUND THE HYPOTHESIS OF A MONOGENIC ETIOLOGY FOR ROHHAD AND INDICATE ALTERNATIVE ETIOLOGIES INCLUDING AUTOIMMUNE OR EPIGENETIC PHENOMENON OR A COMBINATION OF GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND ACQUIRED PRECIPITANT.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2 3381  29 HLA AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: TYPE 1 DIABETES (T1D) AS AN EXAMPLE. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES NEED TO BE CONSIDERED AT A GENETIC AND MECHANISTIC LEVEL. T1D IS AN AUTOIMMUNE, CHRONIC, MULTIFACTORIAL AND POLYGENIC DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY THE DESTRUCTION OF THE PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS ASSOCIATED WITH LONG TERM DYSFUNCTION OF SEVERAL ORGANS AND TISSUES. MECHANISMS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY INCLUDE EPI-GENETIC AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS THAT REGULATE TRANSMISSION AND EXPRESSION OF THE INHERITED GENES. THE HLA COMPLEX, CONSTITUTES THE MOST RELEVANT REGION CONTRIBUTING 50% OF THE INHERITED RISK FOR T1D. AN ADDITIONAL 17 GENES WITH VARIABLE BUT SMALL EFFECTS HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED. IN NON-CAUCASIANS, THE PRESENCE OF E-DRBETA1-74 AND/OR D-DRBETA1-57 ARE RELEVANT IN PREDISPOSITION. THE "DIABETOGENIC HAPLOTYPES" IN MEXICANS WERE DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (OR = 21.4); DRB1*0405-DQA1-*0301-DQB1*0302 (OR = 44.5) AND THE SAME DQA1/DQB1 WITH DRB1*0404/*0401 CONFERRING LOWER RISK, INCREASING (OR = 61.3) WITH AN EARLY AGE AT ONSET AND A HETEROZYGOTE DR3/DR4 GENOTYPE. IN MOST POPULATIONS, THE ABSENCE OF D-57 AND THE PRESENCE OF R-52 ARE IMPORTANT TO THE SUSCEPTIBILITY, BUT IN HISPANICS, ALL DR4S (INCLUDING THE PROTECTIVE DRB1*0403/*0407/*0411) ARE IN LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM WITH DQA1/DQB1 SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES. THUS, SUSCEPTIBILITY ALLELES IN LATIN AMERICAN MESTIZOS ARE OF MEDITERRANEAN ANCESTRY WHEREAS PROTECTIVE ALLELES ARE OF AMERINDIAN ORIGIN. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS THE COMPLEXITY OF T1D AND SOME ASPECTS OF PREVENTION/INTERVENTION BASED ON IMMUNOGENETICS.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3 1452  32 DISCORDANT INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN ADULT MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCOVERED INCIDENTALLY DURING LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC BYPASS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: INTESTINAL MALROTATION IS AN UNCOMMON ENTITY IN THE ADULT POPULATION; MORE SO IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS, WHERE CONCORDANCE IS EXPECTED. IN LITERATURE, DISCORDANT INTESTINAL MALROTATION HAS ONLY BEEN DISCOVERED WHEN ONE TWIN BECAME SYMPTOMATIC, AND THE OTHER WAS SCREENED. TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE, THIS IS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED CASE OF DISCORDANT ADULT TYPE INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN OTHERWISE ASYMPTOMATIC MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCOVERED INCIDENTALLY DURING LAPAROSCOPIC ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS (LRYGB). CASE PRESENTATION: TWINS A AND B MET THE NIH CRITERIA FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY, NEITHER HAVING SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE OR CHRONIC VOLVULUS OR HISTORY OF INTRAABDOMINAL SURGERY. TWIN A HAD A LRYGB PERFORMED BY A TRAINED BARIATRIC SURGEON, NOTING NO ANATOMIC ANOMALIES. 5 MONTHS LATER, TWIN B HAD LRYGB AND INTESTINAL MALROTATION WAS DIAGNOSED INCIDENTALLY. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL MALROTATION IS RARE IN ADULTS, USUALLY DISCOVERED AFTER BECOMING SYMPTOMATIC OR DURING ABDOMINAL IMAGING FOR ANOTHER INDICATION. TWO CASES OF DISCORDANT INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED, BOTH DISCOVERED WHEN ONE TWIN BECAME SYMPTOMATIC DUE TO ACUTE VOLVULUS, SUGGESTING EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA. WHEN DISCOVERED INCIDENTALLY DURING SURGERY, PATIENTS CAN SAFELY UNDERGO THEIR INTENDED PROCEDURE, BUT LITERATURE SUGGESTS PROPHYLACTIC DIVISION OF LADD'S BANDS, WHILE APPENDECTOMY IS LEFT TO THE DISCRETION OF THE SURGEON. CONCLUSIONS: INTESTINAL MALROTATION APPEARS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA AND IF DISCOVERED INCIDENTALLY DURING SURGERY, THE PROPOSED PROCEDURE CAN BE CARRIED OUT BY AN EXPERIENCED SURGEON, IN ADDITION TO DIVISION OF LADD'S BANDS AND APPENDECTOMY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4 5353  20 RE-EVALUATION OF POLIHEXANIDE USE IN WOUND ANTISEPSIS IN ORDER TO CLARIFY AMBIGUITIES OF TWO ANIMAL STUDIES. OBJECTIVE: DUE TO CLASSIFICATION OF THE AGENT POLIHEXANIDE (PHMB) IN CATEGORY 2 'MAY CAUSE CANCER' BY THE COMMITTEE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN CHEMICALS AGENCY IN 2011, THE USERS OF WOUND ANTISEPTICS MAY BE HIGHLY CONFUSED. IN 2017, THIS STATEMENT WAS UPDATED, DEFINING PHMB UP TO 0.1% AS A PRESERVATIVE SAFE IN ALL COSMETIC PRODUCTS. IN THE INTEREST OF PATIENT SAFETY, A SCIENTIFIC CLARIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL CARCINOGENICITY OF PHMB IS NECESSARY. METHODS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM (MDT) OF MICROBIOLOGISTS, SURGEONS, DERMATOLOGISTS AND BIOCHEMISTS CONDUCTED A BENEFIT-RISK ASSESSMENT TO CLARIFY THE HAZARD OF ANTISEPTIC USE OF PHMB. RESULTS: IN TWO ANIMAL STUDIES, FROM WHICH THE ASSESSMENT OF A CARCINOGENIC RISK WAS DERIVED, PHMB WAS ADMINISTERED ORALLY OVER TWO YEARS IN EXTREMELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS FAR ABOVE THE NO(A)EL (NO-OBSERVED-(ADVERSE-) EFFECT LEVEL) IN RATS AND MICE. FEEDING IN THE NO(A)EL RANGE RESULTED IN NO ABNORMAL EFFECTS. IN ONE MALE IN THE HIGHEST DOSE GROUP OF 4000PPM PHMB, AN ADENOCARCINOMA WAS FOUND, WHICH THE AUTHOR ATTRIBUTED TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE COLON WITH SYSTEMIC ATYPICAL EXPOSURE. THE INCREASING INCIDENCE OF HEMANGIOSARCOMAS HIGHLY PROBABLY RESULTED FROM INCREASED ENDOTHELIAL PROLIFERATION, TRIGGERED BY THE EXCEEDINGLY HIGH DOSAGE FED, BECAUSE PHMB IS NOT GENOTOXIC AND THERE IS NO EVIDENCE FOR EPIGENETIC EFFECTS. DISCUSSION: IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT PHMB IS NOT ABSORBED WHEN APPLIED TOPICALLY. CONSIDERING THE ABSENCE OF GENOTOXICITY AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS TOGETHER WITH THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ANIMAL STUDIES, IT IS THE CONSENSUS OF THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY EXPERTS THAT A CARCINOGENIC RISK FROM PHMB-USE FOR WOUND ANTISEPSIS CAN BE RULED OUT. CONCLUSION: ON THIS BASIS AND CONSIDERING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS, TOLERABILITY AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE, THE INDICATIONS FOR PHMB BASED WOUND ANTISEPTICS ARE JUSTIFIED.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
5  553  15 AUTOINFLAMMATORY RETINOPATHY IN CHRONIC INFANTILE NEUROLOGICAL CUTANEOUS AND ARTICULAR (CINCA) SYNDROME. CHRONIC INFANTILE NEUROLOGICAL CUTANEOUS AND ARTICULAR (CINCA) SYNDROME IS A RARE AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASE. WE REPORT THE CASES OF MONOZYGOTIC TWINS WITH CINCA SYNDROME WHOSE PREDOMINANT OCULAR MANIFESTATION WAS INFLAMMATORY ROD-CONE RETINAL DYSTROPHY. ATYPICALLY, THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWINS IN PHENOTYPE SEVERITY, SUGGESTIVE OF EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES AND/OR INVOLVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
6 3883  21 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCINOGENS AS A BASIS FOR ORGANIZING DATA ON MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: A RECENT REVIEW BY THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER (IARC) UPDATED THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE > 100 AGENTS CLASSIFIED AS GROUP 1, CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS (IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 100, PARTS A-F). THIS EXERCISE WAS COMPLICATED BY THE ABSENCE OF A BROADLY ACCEPTED, SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR EVALUATING MECHANISTIC DATA TO SUPPORT CONCLUSIONS REGARDING HUMAN HAZARD FROM EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: IARC THEREFORE CONVENED TWO WORKSHOPS IN WHICH AN INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP OF EXPERTS IDENTIFIED 10 KEY CHARACTERISTICS, ONE OR MORE OF WHICH ARE COMMONLY EXHIBITED BY ESTABLISHED HUMAN CARCINOGENS. DISCUSSION: THESE CHARACTERISTICS PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR AN OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFYING AND ORGANIZING RESULTS FROM PERTINENT MECHANISTIC STUDIES. THE 10 CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ABILITIES OF AN AGENT TO 1) ACT AS AN ELECTROPHILE EITHER DIRECTLY OR AFTER METABOLIC ACTIVATION; 2) BE GENOTOXIC; 3) ALTER DNA REPAIR OR CAUSE GENOMIC INSTABILITY; 4) INDUCE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS; 5) INDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS; 6) INDUCE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; 7) BE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE; 8) MODULATE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED EFFECTS; 9) CAUSE IMMORTALIZATION; AND 10) ALTER CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL DEATH, OR NUTRIENT SUPPLY. CONCLUSION: WE DESCRIBE THE USE OF THE 10 KEY CHARACTERISTICS TO CONDUCT A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE SEARCH FOCUSED ON RELEVANT END POINTS AND CONSTRUCT A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE IDENTIFIED MECHANISTIC INFORMATION. NEXT, WE USE BENZENE AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AS EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE HOW THIS APPROACH MAY WORK IN PRACTICE. THE APPROACH DESCRIBED IS SIMILAR IN MANY RESPECTS TO THOSE CURRENTLY BEING IMPLEMENTED BY THE U.S. EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM PROGRAM AND THE U.S. NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM. CITATION: SMITH MT, GUYTON KZ, GIBBONS CF, FRITZ JM, PORTIER CJ, RUSYN I, DEMARINI DM, CALDWELL JC, KAVLOCK RJ, LAMBERT P, HECHT SS, BUCHER JR, STEWART BW, BAAN R, COGLIANO VJ, STRAIF K. 2016. KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF CARCINOGENS AS A BASIS FOR ORGANIZING DATA ON MECHANISMS OF CARCINOGENESIS. ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT 124:713-721; HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1289/EHP.1509912.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7 5511  20 RIBONUCLEASES IN TUMOR GROWTH. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES DATA ON AMBIGUOUS BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF RIBONUCLEASES (RNASES) AT TUMOR GROWTH. IN SOME CASES THE RAISED LEVEL OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS CAN BE REGARDED AS AN ADDITIONAL MARKER OF MALIGNANT GROWTH (PANCREAS CANCER, CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, ETC.). AT THE SAME TIME THE ACTIVITY OF RNASES IS OFTEN LOWERED IN TUMOR TISSUE. HIGH SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF PARTICULAR RNASES PROVIDES METABOLIC BALANCE BETWEEN VARIOUS KINDS OF RNAS WITH VARIOUS HALF-TIME EXCHANGE TURN. RNASES ARE THE IMPORTANT FACTORS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE ACTIVITY IN CELLS. THE ACTIVITY OF RNASES IS ADJUSTABLE BY INHIBITORS AND OTHER FACTORS, AND DEFINES TIME OF EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF RNAS. RNASES (THE MODIFIED VARIANTS OF RNASE A, RNASES OF SEMEN FLUID OF THE CATTLE, RNASE OF AMPHIBIA OOCYTES) CAN BE USED AS ANTI-TUMOR THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. ON THE OTHER HAND, SOME INHIBITORS OF RNASES OF NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC ORIGIN WERE DEMONSTRATED TO BE PERSPECTIVE DRUGS THAT INHIBIT TUMOR GROWTH.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8  820  30 CHARACTERIZATION OF A PORTUGUESE FAMILY WITH CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE TYPE 1E DUE TO A NOVEL POINT MUTATION IN THE PMP22 GENE. INTRODUCTION: POINT MUTATIONS IN THE PERIPHERAL MYELIN PROTEIN 22 (PMP22) GENE COMPRISE LESS THAN 5% OF THE CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH (CMT) TYPE 1 CASES, AND INDIVIDUALIZE EITHER THE CMT 1E SUBTYPE, OR HEREDITARY NEUROPATHY WITH LIABILITY TO PRESSURE PALSY. THE PHENOTYPE OF CMT 1E PRESENTS WITH A SEVERE EARLY-ONSET POLYNEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH DEAFNESS, ALTHOUGH THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM IS BROAD. CASE REPORT: WE DESCRIBE A NOVEL PMP22 GENE POINT MUTATION (C.84G>T;P.(TRP28CYS)) IN THREE PATIENTS OF A PORTUGUESE FAMILY WITH VARIABLE PHENOTYPES, RANGING FROM ASYMPTOMATIC TO MILD COMPLAINTS OF DISTAL LIMB NUMBNESS AND GAIT DIFFICULTIES, WITH THE AGE OF ONSET OF SYMPTOMS RANGING FROM MID-TWENTIES TO LATE-SIXTIES, AND NO ASSOCIATED DISABILITY. IN ALL AFFECTED PATIENTS, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF DIFFUSE DEMYELINATING SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY. HEARING LOSS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS VARIANT, ALBEIT NEUROPATHIC PAIN WAS REPORTED. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THIS PARTICULAR POINT MUTATION IN THE PMP22 GENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MILD PHENOTYPE, FURTHER EMPHASIZING THAT THERE ARE STILL UNKNOWN MECHANISMS (GENETIC AND/OR EPIGENETIC) THAT MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF CMT1E PATIENTS. NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING PANELS INCLUDING COMMONLY MUTATED GENES IN CMT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN CMT1 CASES NEGATIVE FOR PMP22 GENE DUPLICATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9  760  21 CASZ1: CURRENT IMPLICATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CANCERS. CASTOR ZINC FINGER 1 (CASZ1) IS A C2H2 ZINC FINGER FAMILY PROTEIN THAT HAS TWO SPLICING VARIANTS, CASZ1A AND CASZ1B. IT IS INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISM. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERNATIONS OF CASZ1 HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED IN MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, SUCH AS CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES, CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES, AND HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CASZ1 MECHANICALLY PARTICIPATES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THESE DISEASES. OVER THE PAST DECADES, AT FIRST GLANCE, PARADOXICAL INFLUENCES ON CELL BEHAVIORS AND PROGRESSIONS OF DIFFERENT CANCER TYPES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED FOR CASZ1, WHICH MAY BE EXPLAINED BY A "DOUBLE-AGENT" ROLE FOR CASZ1. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF CASZ1, AND FOCUS ON THE ASSOCIATION OF CASZ1 ABERRATIONS WITH THE PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CANCERS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10  645  29 BIRTH DEFECTS IN GAZA: PREVALENCE, TYPES, FAMILIARITY AND CORRELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF REGISTRATION AT BIRTH, AND OF INCIDENCE OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL BIRTH DEFECTS (BD) OBTAINED IN GAZA AT AL SHIFA HOSPITAL, WHERE 28% OF TOTAL BIRTHS IN GAZA STRIP OCCUR. DOCTORS REGISTERED 4,027 DELIVERIES, WITH A PROTOCOL COMPREHENSIVE OF CLINICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, KIN AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS. PREVALENCE OF BD IS 14/1,000, WITHOUT ASSOCIATION WITH INTERMARRIAGE OR GENDER OF THE CHILD. PREVALENCE OF LATE MISCARRIAGES AND STILL BIRTHS ARE RESPECTIVELY 23.3/1,000 AND 7.4/1,000, AND OF PREMATURE BIRTHS 19.6/1,000. COUPLES WITH A BD CHILD HAVE ABOUT 10 TIMES HIGHER FREQUENCY OF RECURRENCE OF A BD IN THEIR PROGENY THAN THOSE WITH NORMAL CHILDREN, BUT NONE OF THEIR 694 SIBLINGS AND ONLY 10/1,000 OF THEIR 1,423 PROGENY HAD BD, SIMILAR TO THE FREQUENCY IN GENERAL POPULATION. THESE DATA SUGGEST OCCURRENCE OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN DETERMINATION OF BD. CHILDREN WITH BD WERE BORN WITH HIGHER FREQUENCY (P < 0 001) IN FAMILIES WHERE ONE OR BOTH PARENTS WERE UNDER "WHITE PHOSPHORUS" ATTACK, THAT IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. BOMBING OF THE FAMILY HOME AND REMOVAL OF THE RUBBLE WERE ALSO FREQUENTLY REPORTED BY COUPLES WITH BD OCCURRENCE. THESE DATA SUGGESTS A CAUSATIVE/FAVORING ROLE OF ACUTE EXPOSURE OF PARENTS TO THE WEAPONS-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS, AND/OR OF THEIR CHRONIC EXPOSURE FROM THEIR PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11 6636  31 UNRAVELING A NEW PLAYER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATHOGENESIS: THE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN HUR. BACKGROUND: ELAV-LIKE PROTEINS ARE A SMALL FAMILY OF RNA-BINDING PROTEINS THAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PLAYERS IN POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS AND ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. HUR, THE UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, IS ALSO IMPLICATED IN SUSTAINING INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, SUPPORTING THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. INFLAMMATION PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), WHICH REPRESENTS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS. MS IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, WITH A COMPLEX AETIOLOGY INVOLVING GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON THE POTENTIAL ENTANGLEMENT OF HUR IN MS PATHOGENESIS IN PATIENTS. IN THE PRESENT WORK, WE AIMED AT EXPLORING HUR PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM MS PATIENTS, COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF HUR IN MS, WE ALSO INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS SPECIFIC RNA-BINDING PROTEIN AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN, ALSO CONSIDERING THE HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM, GIVEN THAT HSP70-2 MRNA HAS BEEN REPORTED AS A HUR TARGET AND THIS SPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH MS RISK. METHODS: ALLELES AND GENOTYPES FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM WERE ASSESSED, BY USING A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM, FOLLOWED BY DIGESTION WITH RESTRICTION ENZYME, IN MS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. PBMCS FROM A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WERE USED TO EVALUATE HUR AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT BY WESTERN BLOT. RESULTS: PBMCS FROM 52 MS PATIENTS HAD A LOWER HUR AND HIGHER HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARED TO 43 HEALTHY CONTROLS. AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HUR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE RISK OF DEVELOPING MS BY 9.8% (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), CONTROLLING FOR HSP70-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, HSP70-2 RS1061581 GENOTYPE, AGE AND SEX. MOREOVER, HOLDING HUR LEVELS, AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HSP70-2 PROTEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE MS RISK BY 18.1% (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) AND THE GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MS FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 GG CARRIERS IS CONFIRMED. OF INTEREST, MS PATIENTS WITH A MODERATE TO SEVERE FORM OF MS (MSSS >/= 3) SHOWED A TREND TOWARDS A REDUCTION OF HUR PROTEIN LEVELS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH MILD DISEASE SEVERITY (MSSS < 3). CONCLUSIONS: HUR PROTEIN LEVELS ARE REDUCED IN MS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND THE PROTEIN AMOUNT MAY CONTINUE TO DECLINE WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION, SUGGESTING A PUTATIVE ROLE OF THIS RNA-BINDING PROTEIN. MOREOVER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MS PATHOLOGY MAY HAVE DISRUPTED THE LINK BETWEEN HUR AND ITS TARGET TRANSCRIPT HSP70-2. IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO FURTHER EXPLORE THE EXACT ROLE OF HUR IN MS, CONSIDERING THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY WITH OTHER RNA-BINDING FACTORS AND TARGET MRNAS.	2020	

12 1679  22 DRUG RESISTANCE IN GIARDIA DUODENALIS. GIARDIA DUODENALIS IS A MICROAEROPHILIC PARASITE OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO DIARRHEAL AND POST-INFECTIOUS CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE WORLD-WIDE. TREATMENT OF G. DUODENALIS INFECTION CURRENTLY RELIES ON A SMALL NUMBER OF DRUG CLASSES. NITROHETEROCYCLICS, IN PARTICULAR METRONIDAZOLE, HAVE REPRESENTED THE FRONT LINE TREATMENT FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS. NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS AND CREATED IN VITRO, PROMPTING CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH INTO THE BIOMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE REDOX-ACTIVE AND ARE BELIEVED TO DAMAGE PROTEINS AND DNA AFTER BEING ACTIVATED BY OXIDOREDUCTASE ENZYMES IN METABOLICALLY ACTIVE CELLS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR PHENOTYPES OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS DESCRIBED TO DATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTIST'S UNUSUAL GLYCOLYTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS. WE PROPOSE THAT RESISTANCE MECHANISMS ARE LIKELY TO EXTEND WELL BEYOND CURRENTLY DESCRIBED RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED ENZYMES (I.E., PYRUVATE FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASES AND NITROREDUCTASES), TO INCLUDE NAD(P)H- AND FLAVIN-GENERATING PATHWAYS, AND POSSIBLY REDOX-SENSITIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION. MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW G. DUODENALIS TO TOLERATE OXIDATIVE STRESS MAY LEAD TO RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTH OXYGEN AND NITROHETEROCYCLICS, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL CONTROL. THE PRESENT REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE POTENTIAL FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY TOOLS AND ADVANCED BIOINFORMATICS TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE MULTIFACETED MECHANISMS OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC RESISTANCE IN THIS IMPORTANT PATHOGEN.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13 2818  13 FIBROSIS UNDER ARREST. APPROXIMATELY 5% OF PEOPLE THAT ARE HOSPITALIZED FOR ANY REASON DEVELOP ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE, WHICH, IN SOME CASES, PROGRESSES TO A CHRONIC CONDITION RESULTING IN FIBROSIS OF THE KIDNEY AND PERMANENT CHANGES IN THE ORGAN'S FUNCTION. TWO NEW STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CELL CYCLE ARREST OF EPITHELIAL CELLS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE KEY ROLES IN THE SWITCH TO CHRONIC DISEASE (PAGES 535-543 AND 544-550).	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
14 6490  26 TRACING SLOW PHENOPTOSIS TO THE PRENATAL STAGE IN SOCIAL VERTEBRATES. VLADIMIR SKULACHEV'S COINING OF THE TERM "PHENOPTOSIS" 25 YEARS AGO (SKULACHEV, V. P., BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), 62, 1997) HIGHLIGHTED THE THEORETICAL POSSIBILITY THAT AGING IS A PROGRAMMED PROCESS TO SPEED THE EXIT OF INDIVIDUALS POSING SOME DANGER TO THEIR SOCIAL GROUP. WHILE RAPID "ACUTE PHENOPTOSIS" MIGHT OCCUR AT ANY AGE (E.G., TO PREVENT SPREAD OF DEADLY INFECTIONS), "SLOW PHENOPTOSIS" IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO OCCUR LATER IN LIFE IN THE FORM OF CHRONIC AGE-RELATED DISORDERS. HOWEVER, RECENT RESEARCH INDICATES THAT RISKS FOR SUCH CHRONIC DISORDERS CAN BE GREATLY RAISED BY EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY, ESPECIALLY DURING THE PRENATAL STAGE. MUCH OF THIS RESEARCH USES INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL AGING, THE SPEEDING OR SLOWING OF NATURAL PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INPUTS, LEADING TO DIVERGENCE FROM CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. STUDIES USING BIOLOGICAL AGING INDICATORS COMMONLY FIND IT IS ACCELERATED NOT ONLY IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC DISORDERS, BUT ALSO IN VERY YOUNG INDIVIDUALS WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS. THIS REVIEW WILL EXPLAIN HOW ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGING EQUATES TO SLOW PHENOPTOSIS. ITS OCCURRENCE EVEN IN THE PRENATAL STAGE IS THEORETICALLY SUPPORTED BY W. D. HAMILTON'S PROPOSAL THAT OFFSPRINGS DETECTING THEY HAVE DANGEROUS MUTATIONS SHOULD THEN AUTOMATICALLY SPEED THEIR DEMISE, IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THEIR INCLUSIVE FITNESS BY GIVING THEIR PARENTS THE CHANCE TO PRODUCE OTHER FITTER SIBLINGS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
15  238  18 ADENOSINE KINASE: A KEY REGULATOR OF PURINERGIC PHYSIOLOGY. ADENOSINE (ADO) IS AN ESSENTIAL BIOMOLECULE FOR LIFE THAT PROVIDES CRITICAL REGULATION OF ENERGY UTILIZATION AND HOMEOSTASIS. ADENOSINE KINASE (ADK) IS AN EVOLUTIONARY ANCIENT RIBOKINASE DERIVED FROM BACTERIAL SUGAR KINASES THAT IS WIDELY EXPRESSED IN ALL FORMS OF LIFE, TISSUES AND ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT TIGHTLY REGULATES INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR ADO CONCENTRATIONS. THE FACILE ABILITY OF ADK TO ALTER ADO AVAILABILITY PROVIDES A "SITE AND EVENT" SPECIFICITY TO THE ENDOGENOUS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ADO IN SITUATIONS OF CELLULAR STRESS. IN ADDITION TO MODULATING THE ABILITY OF ADO TO ACTIVATE ITS COGNATE RECEPTORS (P1 RECEPTORS), NUCLEAR ADK ISOFORM ACTIVITY HAS BEEN LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BASED ON TRANSMETHYLATION PATHWAYS. PREVIOUS DRUG DISCOVERY RESEARCH HAS TARGETED ADK INHIBITION AS A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO MANAGE EPILEPSY, PAIN, AND INFLAMMATION. THESE EFFORTS GENERATED MULTIPLE CLASSES OF HIGHLY POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITORS. HOWEVER, CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY ADK INHIBITORS WAS STOPPED DUE TO APPARENT MECHANISTIC TOXICITY AND THE LACK OF SUITABLE TRANSLATIONAL MARKERS. NEW INSIGHTS REGARDING THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE NUCLEAR ADK ISOFORM (ADK-LONG) IN THE EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF MALADAPTIVE DNA METHYLATION OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING NOVEL ADK-ISOFORM SELECTIVE INHIBITORS AND NEW INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES THAT ARE INDEPENDENT OF ADO RECEPTOR ACTIVATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16 1109  25 COMMERCIAL PROCESSED SOY-BASED FOOD PRODUCT CONTAINS GLYCATED AND GLYCOXIDATED LUNASIN PROTEOFORMS. NUTRACEUTICALS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO EXERT POSITIVE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND CONFER PROTECTION AGAINST MANY CHRONIC DISEASES. A MAJOR BIOACTIVE COMPONENT OF SOY-BASED FOODS IS LUNASIN PEPTIDE, WHICH HAS POTENTIAL TO EXERT A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF HUMAN CONSUMERS WORLDWIDE, BUT THE BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF DIETARY LUNASIN STILL REMAIN POORLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THIS STUDY, LUNASIN WAS PURIFIED FROM A SOY-BASED FOOD PRODUCT VIA STRONG ANION EXCHANGE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND THEN SUBJECTED TO TOP-DOWN MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS THAT REVEALED IN DETAIL THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LUNASIN IN PROCESSED SOYBEAN FOODS. WE DETECTED MULTIPLE GLYCATED PROTEOFORMS TOGETHER WITH POTENTIALLY TOXIC ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGES) DERIVED FROM LUNASIN. IN BOTH CASES, MODIFICATION SITES WERE LYS24 AND LYS29 LOCATED AT THE HELICAL REGION THAT SHOWS STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGY WITH A CONSERVED REGION OF CHROMATIN-BINDING PROTEINS. THE IDENTIFIED POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS MAY HAVE AN IMPORTANT REPERCUSSION ON LUNASIN EPIGENETIC REGULATORY CAPACITY. TAKING TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMERCIAL PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS TO ASSESS THEIR IMPACT ON CONSUMER'S HEALTH AND RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17 3130  24 GLAST BUT NOT LEAST--DISTRIBUTION, FUNCTION, GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS OF L-GLUTAMATE TRANSPORT IN BRAIN--FOCUS ON GLAST/EAAT1. SYNAPTICALLY RELEASED L-GLUTAMATE, THE MOST IMPORTANT EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CNS, IS REMOVED FROM EXTRACELLULAR SPACE BY FAST AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORT MEDIATED BY SEVERAL TRANSPORTERS; THE MOST ABUNDANT ONES ARE EAAT1/GLAST AND EAAT2/GLT1. THE REVIEW FIRST SUMMARIZES THEIR LOCATION, FUNCTIONS AND BASIC CHARACTERISTICS. WE THEN LOOK AT GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS OF EAAT1/GLAST AND EAAT2/GLT1 AND PERFORM IN SILICO ANALYSES OF THEIR PROMOTER REGIONS. THERE IS ONE CPG ISLAND IN SLC1A2 (EAAT2/GLT1) GENE AND NONE IN SLC1A3 (EAAT1/GLAST) SUGGESTING THAT DNA METHYLATION IS NOT THE MOST IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISM REGULATING EAAT1/GLAST LEVELS IN BRAIN. THERE ARE TARGETS FOR SPECIFIC MIRNA IN SLC1A2 (EAAT2/GLT1) GENE. WE ALSO NOTE THAT WHILE DEFECTS IN EAAT2/GLT1 HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL STATES INCLUDING CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, VERY LITTLE IS KNOWN ON POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DEFECTIVE OR DYSFUNCTIONAL EAAT1/GLAST TO ANY SPECIFIC BRAIN DISEASE. FINALLY, WE REVIEW EVIDENCE OF EAAT1/GLAST INVOLVEMENT IN MECHANISMS OF BRAIN RESPONSE TO ALCOHOLISM AND PRESENT SOME PRELIMINARY DATA SHOWING THAT ETHANOL, AT CONCENTRATIONS WHICH MAY BE REACHED FOLLOWING HEAVY DRINKING, CAN HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF EAAT1/GLAST IN CULTURED ASTROCYTES; THE EFFECT IS BLOCKED BY BACLOFEN, A GABA-B RECEPTOR AGONIST AND A DRUG POTENTIALLY USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLISM. WE ARGUE THAT MORE RESEARCH EFFORT SHOULD BE FOCUSED ON EAAT1/GLAST, PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ADDICTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18 3074  18 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES INDUCED BY INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES IN HUMAN KIDNEY CELLS AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE. THE UNIQUE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES MAKE INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES (INPS) AN EXCITING TOOL IN DIAGNOSIS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT. HOWEVER, AS INPS ARE RELATIVELY DIFFICULT TO FULLY DEGRADE AND EXCRETE, THEIR UNINTENDED ACCUMULATION IN THE TISSUE MIGHT RESULT IN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS. HEREIN, WE PROVIDE A METHYLOME-TRANSCRIPTOME FRAMEWORK FOR CHRONIC EFFECTS OF INPS, COMMONLY USED IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS, IN HUMAN KIDNEY TH-1 CELLS. RENAL CLEARANCE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ROUTES OF NANOPARTICLE EXCRETION; THEREFORE, A DETAILED EVALUATION OF NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED NEPHROTOXICITY IS AN IMPORTANT TASK. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES INDUCED BY INPS (PEG-AUNPS, FE(3)O(4)NPS, SIO(2)NPS, AND TIO(2)NPS) REVEALED SIGNIFICANTLY DEREGULATED GENES WITH FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION IN IMMUNE RESPONSE, DNA DAMAGE, AND CANCER-RELATED PATHWAYS. ALTHOUGH MOST DEREGULATED GENES WERE UNIQUE TO INDIVIDUAL INPS, A RELATIVELY HIGH PROPORTION OF THEM ENCODED THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. INTERESTINGLY, FOS HYPERMETHYLATION INVERSELY CORRELATING WITH GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL INPS EXPOSURES. OUR STUDY EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR A MORE COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF INPS' BIOLOGICAL SAFETY, ESPECIALLY AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19 6603  21 TWO SISTERS WITH FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER: LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE? FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER (FMF) IS AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY ATTACKS OF FEVER AND SEROSITIS. THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPLICATION OF FMF IS RENAL AMYLOIDOSIS, WHICH DETERMINES THE PROGNOSIS. THE GENE CODING THE DISEASE (MEFV) IS IDENTIFIED ON THE 16TH CHROMOSOME. THE MOST COMMON MEFV MUTATIONS ARE M694V, M680I, V726A AND M694I LOCATED ON EXON 10 AND E148Q LOCATED ON EXON 2. UNFORTUNATELY, GENOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATION IS NOT WELL ESTABLISHED AND THERE ARE UNEXPLAINED ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN AMYLOIDOSIS RATES. WE REPORT TWO SISTERS WITH A COMMON GENOTYPE (M694V/M694V) PRESENTING WITH DIFFERENT PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS: ONE COMPLAINING OF INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL PAIN, ARTHRITIS AND FEVER, WHILE THE OTHER WAS SUFFERING FROM INTERMITTENT PLEURITIS AND FEVER DURING ATTACKS. THE OBSERVATION OF DIFFERENT PHENOTYPIC PRESENTATIONS WITH A COMMON GENOTYPE IN TWO FAMILY MEMBERS SHOWS THAT DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY PARTICULAR MUTATIONS. TO UNDERSTAND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC FMF VARIANTS THE EXISTENCE OF COMPLEX ALLELES, MODIFIER LOCI, GENETIC HETEROGENEITY AND POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC FACTORS SHOULD BE STUDIED EXTENSIVELY.	2006	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20 6484  18 TOXICOLOGIC PROFILE OF ACRYLONITRILE. ACRYLONITRILE IS A MONOMER USED EXTENSIVELY AS A RAW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURING OF ACRYLIC FIBERS, PLASTICS, SYNTHETIC RUBBERS, AND ACRYLAMIDE. IT HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS A PROBABLE HUMAN CARCINOGEN ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF NUMEROUS CHRONIC RAT BIOASSAYS. THE PRESENT REPORT SUMMARIZES THE TOXICITY DATA ON ACRYLONITRILE AND REVIEWS AVAILABLE DATA CONCERNING THE MECHANISM (GENETIC VERSUS EPIGENETIC) BY WHICH ACRYLONITRILE IS CARCINOGENIC IN RATS. FROM THE EVALUATION OF THE RELEVANT TOXICITY DATA, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT ACRYLONITRILE IS INDEED CARCINOGENIC TO RATS AFTER EITHER ORAL OR INHALATIONAL EXPOSURE. HOWEVER, INFORMATION ON OTHER MAMMALIAN SPECIES IS LACKING, AND, MOREOVER, THE EXACT MECHANISM OF THE CARCINOGENIC PROCESS IS UNCLEAR. THEREFORE, IT IS RECOMMENDED TO CONDUCT AN ADDITIONAL LONG-TERM INHALATION CARCINOGENICITY STUDY WITH ACRYLONITRILE IN MICE, AS WELL AS STUDIES INTO THE MECHANISM BY WHICH ACRYLONITRILE INDUCES (BRAIN) TUMORS IN RATS (GENETIC VERSUS EPIGENETIC).	1998