1 4300 141 MICRORNA-19A CONTRIBUTES TO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TISSUE FACTOR IN DIABETES. BACKGROUND: DIABETES MELLITUS IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC VASCULAR DISORDER AND PRESENTS A MAIN RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY. IN PARTICULAR, HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES INDUCE VASCULAR CIRCULATING TISSUE FACTOR (TF) THAT PROMOTES PRO-THROMBOTIC CONDITIONS IN DIABETES. IT HAS RECENTLY BECOME EVIDENT THAT ALTERATIONS OF THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF TF VIA SPECIFIC MICRORNA(MIR)S, SUCH AS MIR-126, CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS. THE ENDOTHELIAL MIR-19A IS INVOLVED IN VASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND ATHEROPROTECTION. HOWEVER, ITS ROLE IN DIABETES-RELATED THROMBOGENICITY IS UNKNOWN. UNDERSTANDING MIR-NETWORKS REGULATING PROCOAGULABILITY IN DIABETES MAY HELP TO DEVELOP NEW TREATMENT OPTIONS PREVENTING VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS. METHODS AND RESULTS: PLASMA OF 44 PATIENTS WITH KNOWN DIABETES WAS ASSESSED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-19A, TF PROTEIN, TF ACTIVITY, AND MARKERS FOR VASCULAR INFLAMMATION. HIGH MIR-19A EXPRESSION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED TF PROTEIN, TF-MEDIATED PROCOAGULABILITY, AND VASCULAR INFLAMMATION BASED ON EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 AND LEUKOCYTE COUNT. WE FOUND PLASMA EXPRESSION OF MIR-19A TO STRONGLY CORRELATE WITH MIR-126. MIR-19A REDUCED THE TF EXPRESSION ON MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL IN HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HMEC) AS WELL AS TF ACTIVITY IN HUMAN MONOCYTES (THP-1), WHILE ANTI-MIR-19A INCREASED THE TF EXPRESSION. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-19A INDUCED VCAM EXPRESSION IN HMEC. HOWEVER, MIR-19A AND MIR-126 CO-TRANSFECTION REDUCED TOTAL ENDOTHELIAL VCAM EXPRESSION AND EXHIBITED ADDITIVE INHIBITION OF A LUCIFERASE REPORTER CONSTRUCT CONTAINING THE F3 3'UTR. CONCLUSIONS: WHILE BOTH MIRS HAVE DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTIONS ON ENDOTHELIAL VCAM EXPRESSION, MIR-19A AND MIR-126 COOPERATE TO EXHIBIT ANTI-THROMBOTIC PROPERTIES VIA REGULATING VASCULAR TF EXPRESSION. MODULATING THE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF TF IN DIABETES MAY PROVIDE A FUTURE ANTI-THROMBOTIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2 4164  36 MEDIATORS OF CAPILLARY-TO-VENULE CONVERSION IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE PSORIASIS. PSORIASIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA AND HYPERKERATOSIS, IMMUNE CELL INFILTRATION AND VASCULAR REMODELING. DESPITE THE EMERGING RECOGNITION OF VASCULAR NORMALIZATION AS A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR MANAGING PSORIASIS, AN IN-DEPTH DELINEATION OF THE REMODELED DERMAL VASCULATURE HAS BEEN MISSING. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLOITED 5' SINGLE-CELL RNA SEQUENCING TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC ALTERATIONS IN DIFFERENT SUBPOPULATIONS OF BLOOD VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS DIRECTLY ISOLATED FROM PSORIATIC AND HEALTHY HUMAN SKIN. INDIVIDUAL SUBTYPES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDERWENT SPECIFIC MOLECULAR REPATTERNING ASSOCIATED WITH CELL ADHESION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION. BLOOD CAPILLARIES, IN PARTICULAR, SHOWED UPREGULATION OF THE MELANOMA CELL ADHESION MOLECULE AS WELL AS ITS BINDING PARTNERS AND ADOPTED POSTCAPILLARY VENULE?LIKE CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT ARE MORE PERMISSIVE TO LEUKOCYTE TRANSMIGRATION. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED PSORIASIS-SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CIS-REGULATORY ENHANCERS AND PROMOTERS FOR EACH ENDOTHELIAL CELL SUBTYPE, REVEALING THE DYSREGULATED GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS IN PSORIASIS. TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS PROVIDE MORE INSIGHTS INTO THE SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS LINING DIFFERENT VESSEL COMPARTMENTS IN CHRONIC SKIN INFLAMMATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3 5571  39 ROLE OF MICRORNA 1207-5P AND ITS HOST GENE, THE LONG NON-CODING RNA PVT1, AS MEDIATORS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ACCUMULATION IN THE KIDNEY: IMPLICATIONS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE AND END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE IN THE WESTERN WORLD. ONE OF THE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS DISEASE IS THE EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) IN THE KIDNEY GLOMERULI. WHILE BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC DETERMINANTS ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, EPIGENETIC FACTORS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, LONG NON-CODING RNAS, AND MICRORNAS, HAVE ALSO RECENTLY BEEN FOUND TO UNDERLIE SOME OF THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, INCLUDING ECM ACCUMULATION, LEADING TO THE DISEASE. WE PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT A LONG NON-CODING RNA, THE PLASMACYTOMA VARIANT TRANSLOCATION 1 (PVT1), INCREASES PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI-1) AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 (TGF-BETA1) IN MESANGIAL CELLS, THE TWO MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO ECM ACCUMULATION IN THE GLOMERULI UNDER HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITIONS, AS WELL AS FIBRONECTIN 1 (FN1), A MAJOR ECM COMPONENT. HERE, WE REPORT THAT MIR-1207-5P, A PVT1-DERIVED MICRORNA, IS ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED IN KIDNEY CELLS, AND IS UPREGULATED BY GLUCOSE AND TGF-BETA1. WE ALSO FOUND THAT LIKE PVT1, MIR-1207-5P INCREASES EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1, PAI-1, AND FN1 BUT IN A MANNER THAT IS INDEPENDENT OF ITS HOST GENE. IN ADDITION, REGULATION OF MIR-1207-5P EXPRESSION BY GLUCOSE AND TGFBETA1 IS INDEPENDENT OF PVT1. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE EVIDENCE SUPPORTING IMPORTANT ROLES FOR MIR-1207-5P AND ITS HOST GENE IN THE COMPLEX PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4 6431  32 THE USE OF TARGETED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TO EXPLORE CANDIDATE REGULATORS OF TGF-BETA1'S IMPACT ON KIDNEY CELLS. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA1) PLAYS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE. FURTHER, DAMAGE TO KIDNEY GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS IS CENTRAL TO THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MRNA, MICRORNA, AND EPIGENETICS IN MESANGIAL CELLS IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. METHODS: THE REGULATORY EFFECTS OF TGF-BETA1 ON MESANGIAL CELLS WERE INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT MOLECULAR LEVELS BY TREATING MESANGIAL CELLS WITH TGF-BETA1 FOR 3 DAYS FOLLOWED BY GENOME-WIDE MIRNA, RNA, DNA METHYLATION, AND H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION PROFILING USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE, COMPUTATIONALLY INTEGRATED REPORT OF RNA-SEQ, MIRNA-SEQ, AND EPIGENOMIC ANALYSES ACROSS ALL GENETIC VARIATIONS, CONFIRMING THE OCCURRENCE OF DNA METHYLATION AND H3K27ME3 IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. OUR FINDINGS SHOW THAT THE EXPRESSION OF KLF7 AND GJA4 ARE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1 REGULATED DNA METHYLATION. OUR DATA ALSO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THE EXPRESSION OF GENES CLOSELY RELATED TO TGF-BETA1 REGULATION. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY HAS ADVANCED OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1-REGULATED GENES INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE. THE MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS OF TGF-BETA1 STIMULATION OF KIDNEY CELLS WAS DETERMINED, THEREBY PROVIDING A ROBUST PLATFORM FOR FURTHER TARGET EXPLORATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5 4302  40 MICRORNA-223 CONTROLS THE EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2: A NOVEL AXIS IN COPD. REDUCED ACTIVITY OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), BUT THE MECHANISMS RESULTING IN DECREASED EXPRESSION OF THIS IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFIER REMAIN UNKNOWN. HERE, WE EMPLOYED SEVERAL IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS TO ADDRESS THE ROLE OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ON THE REGULATION OF HDAC2 IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. MANIPULATION OF MIRNA LEVELS IN HUMAN PULMONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HPAEC) WAS ACHIEVED BY USING ELECTROPORATION WITH ANTI-MIRNAS AND MIRNA MIMICS. TARGET PREDICTION SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED MIR-223 AS A POTENTIAL REPRESSOR OF HDAC2. IN SUBSEQUENT STIMULATION EXPERIMENTS USING INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES KNOWN TO BE INCREASED IN PATIENTS WITH COPD, MIR-223 WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY INDUCED. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-223 DECREASED HDAC2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY IN HPAEC. CONVERSELY, HDAC2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY WAS PRESERVED IN ANTI-MIR-223-TREATED CELLS. DIRECT MIRNA-TARGET INTERACTION WAS CONFIRMED BY REPORTER GENE ASSAY. IN A NEXT STEP, REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDAC2 WAS FOUND TO INCREASE THE LEVELS OF THE CHEMOKINE FRACTALKINE (CX3CL1). IN VIVO STUDIES CONFIRMED ELEVATED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MIR-223 IN MICE EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND IN EMPHYSEMATOUS LUNG TISSUE FROM LPS-TREATED MICE. MOREOVER, A SIGNIFICANT INVERSE CORRELATION OF MIR-223 AND HDAC2 EXPRESSION WAS FOUND IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS OF COPD PATIENTS. THESE DATA EMPHASIZE THAT MIR-223, THE MOST PREVALENT MIRNA IN COPD, CONTROLS EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF HDAC2 IN PULMONARY CELLS, WHICH, IN TURN, MIGHT ALTER THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF CHEMOKINES. THIS PATHWAY PROVIDES A NOVEL PATHOGENIC LINK BETWEEN DYSREGULATED MIRNA EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC ACTIVITY IN COPD. KEY MESSAGES: HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 IS DIRECTLY TARGETED BY MIR-223. LEVELS OF MIR-223 ARE INDUCED BY INTERLEUKIN-1BETA AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA. MIR-223 CONTROLS THE EXPRESSION OF FRACTALKINE BY TARGETING HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2. MIR-223 LEVELS ARE INCREASED IN COPD MOUSE MODELS. MIR-223 LEVELS INVERSELY CORRELATE WITH HDAC2 EXPRESSION IN COPD PATIENTS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6 3772  27 INTERACTION BETWEEN MICRORNA AND DNA METHYLATION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS (AS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE ACCOMPANIED BY COMPLEX PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, SUCH AS ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, FOAM CELL FORMATION, AND VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROLIFERATION. MANY APPROACHES, INCLUDING REGULATING AS-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL OR POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL, CONTRIBUTE TO ALLEVIATING AS DEVELOPMENT. THE DNA METHYLATION IS A CRUCIAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IN REGULATING CELL FUNCTION BY SILENCING THE RELATIVE GENE EXPRESSION. THE MICRORNA (MIRNA) IS A TYPE OF NONCODING RNA THAT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN GENE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. THE DNA METHYLATION AND THE MIRNA ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN AS. HOWEVER, RECENT STUDIES HAVE FOUND A MUTUAL REGULATION BETWEEN THESE TWO FACTORS IN AS DEVELOPMENT. IN THIS STUDY, RECENT INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLES OF MIRNA AND DNA METHYLATION AND THEIR INTERACTION IN THE AS PROGRESSION ARE REVIEWED.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
7 6564  37 TRANSIENT EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED GLUCOSE LEVELS CAUSES PERSISTENT CHANGES IN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESPONSES TO INJURY. BACKGROUND: THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER ELEVATED GLUCOSE CAN INDUCE A DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL METABOLIC MEMORY, THUS AFFECTING ANGIOGENESIS IN THE REPAIR PROCESS OF MAMMALIAN CUTANEOUS WOUND. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT TRANSIENT ELEVATED GLUCOSE LEVELS CAUSE SUSTAINED ALTERATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESPONSES TO INJURY AND PERSISTENT EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: HUMAN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS WITH OR WITHOUT 30 MM D-GLUCOSE. THE CONTROL GROUP WAS MAINTAINED AT 5 MM D-GLUCOSE; WHILE IN THE TRANSIENT GLUCOSE GROUP, AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO 30 MM D-GLUCOSE FOR TWO DAYS, THEN BEING PUT UNDER THE CONTROL CONDITIONS DURING THE EXPERIMENT. BESIDES, IN THE WHOLE PROCESS OF THE EXPERIMENT, THE CHRONIC GLUCOSE GROUP WAS KEPT IN THE CONDITION WITH 30 MM D-GLUCOSE. PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION, TUBE FORMATION, GENE EXPRESSION AND HISTONE METHYLATION WERE ASSESSED FOR INDIVIDUAL CONDITIONS. RESULTS: TRANSIENT ELEVATED GLUCOSE CAUSED SUSTAINED EFFECTS ON ENDOTHELIAL CELL MIGRATION, TUBE FORMATION AND TIMP3 GENE EXPRESSION. THE EFFECTS ON TIMP3 EXPRESSION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATION AT THE 5' END OF THE TIMP3 GENE, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC EFFECT. CONCLUSIONS: HYPERGLYCEMIA INDUCED METABOLIC MEMORY COULD PROMOTE THE REGULATION OF TIMP3, AND IT CAN BE USED AS A POSSIBLE INNOVATIVE MOLECULAR TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC NON-HEALING DIABETIC WOUNDS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
8 2909  35 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN FIBROMYALGIA INDICATES AN AUTOIMMUNE ORIGIN OF THE DISEASE AND OPENS NEW AVENUES FOR TARGETED THERAPY. FIBROMYALGIA IS A CHRONIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD PAIN AND BY SEVERAL NON-PAIN SYMPTOMS. AUTOIMMUNITY, SMALL FIBER NEUROPATHY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OBTAINED FROM TEN PATIENTS AND TEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. OF THE 545,500 TRANSCRIPTS ANALYZED, 1673 RESULTED MODULATED IN FIBROMYALGIC PATIENTS. THE MAJORITY OF THESE GENES ARE INVOLVED IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS LINKED TO THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DISEASE. MOREOVER, GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS CONNECTED TO INTERLEUKIN-17 AND TO TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNATURES WERE ALSO MODULATED, SUGGESTING THAT AUTOIMMUNITY PLAYS A ROLE IN THE DISEASE. WE THEN AIMED AT IDENTIFYING DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) FUNCTIONALLY CONNECTED TO MODULATED GENES BOTH DIRECTLY AND VIA MICRORNA TARGETING. ONLY TWO LNCRNAS OF THE 298 FOUND MODULATED IN PATIENTS, WERE ABLE TO TARGET THE MOST HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES IN THE FIBROMYALGIA INTERACTOME, SUGGESTING THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN CRUCIAL GENE REGULATION. OUR GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE CONFIRMED BY REAL TIME PCR, BY AUTOANTIBODY TESTING, DETECTION OF SOLUBLE MEDIATORS AND TH-17 POLARIZATION IN A VALIDATION COHORT OF 50 PATIENTS. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AS WELL AS AUTOIMMUNITY PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROMYALGIA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9 2912  31 GENE REGULATION IN THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM: WHY EPIGENETICS IS IMPORTANT FOR THE KIDNEY. WE NOW APPRECIATE THAT THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN REGULATING NORMAL BLOOD VESSEL PHYSIOLOGY IN THE KIDNEY. THE GENE PRODUCTS RESPONSIBLE ARE COMMONLY EXPRESSED EXCLUSIVELY, OR PREFERENTIALLY, IN THIS CELL TYPE. HOWEVER, DESPITE THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISMS THAT RESTRICT ENDOTHELIAL-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION TO THIS CELL TYPE. EVEN LESS IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW GENE EXPRESSION MIGHT BE RESTRICTED TO ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF DISCRETE REGIONS OF THE KIDNEY, SUCH AS THE GLOMERULUS OR VASA RECTA. ALTHOUGH SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE TOWARD UNDERSTANDING THE REGULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL GENES THROUGH CIS/TRANS PARADIGMS, IT HAS BECOME APPARENT THAT ADDITIONAL MECHANISMS ALSO MUST BE OPERATIVE. CLASSIC MODELS OF TRANSCRIPTION IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, SPECIFICALLY THE CIS/TRANS PARADIGM, HAVE LIMITATIONS. FOR INSTANCE, HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT HAVE CHRONIC EFFECTS ON GENE EXPRESSION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AFTER WEEKS OR YEARS? WHEN AN ENDOTHELIAL CELL DIVIDES, HOW IS THIS INFORMATION TRANSMITTED TO DAUGHTER CELLS? CHROMATIN-BASED MECHANISMS, INCLUDING CELL-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, RECENTLY WERE SHOWN TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN GENE EXPRESSION. THIS REVIEW INVESTIGATES THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION USING ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE AS A PROTOTYPICAL MODEL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
10 3963  34 LONG NONCODING RNA UC.98 STABILIZES ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES BY PROMOTING THE PROLIFERATION AND ADHESIVE CAPACITY IN MURINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT THE VULNERABILITY OF PLAQUES AFFECTS OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS (AS), A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND COMMON CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE. ALTHOUGH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES HAVE ENABLED EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF AS WITH HIGH-RISK VULNERABLE PLAQUES, MORE ACCURATE AND NONINVASIVE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS ARE URGENTLY REQUIRED. TO THIS END, MOLECULES INVOLVED IN GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE VULNERABILITY OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. HERE, WE EVALUATED LONG NONCODING RNA (LNCRNA) VARIABILITY BY MICROARRAY ASSAY IN MURINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (MAECS) BEARING VULNERABLE PLAQUES AND IDENTIFIED THE NOVEL FUNCTIONAL LNCRNA UC.98, WHOSE EXPRESSION PATTERN WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VULNERABILITY OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES. CONSISTENT WITH THIS, CLINICAL STATISTICS COMPARING THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD SPECIMENS FROM SETS OF PATIENTS WITH AS WITH OR WITHOUT VULNERABLE PLAQUES CONFIRMED THE LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION PATTERN OF UC.98 AND PLAQUE INSTABILITY. MOREOVER, MTT ASSAYS AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT SILENCING OF INTRINSIC UC.98 IN MAECS NOT ONLY SUPPRESSED CELL PROLIFERATION BUT ALSO DECREASED THE EXPRESSIONS OF VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE-1 AND INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1, THEREBY INACTIVATING THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB PATHWAY. IN CONCLUSION, OUR RESULTS HIGHLIGHTED THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF UC.98 IN REGULATING THE VULNERABILITY OF PLAQUES DURING AS PROGRESSION AND SUGGESTED THAT UC.98 MAY BE A BIOMARKER OF THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF AS WITH VULNERABLE PLAQUES AND A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR SLOWING AS PROGRESSION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11 1020  30 CIRCRNAS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE SPONGY EFFECT OF CIRCRNAS ON MIRNAS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS (AS) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, WHICH LEADS TO ATHEROSCLEROTIC RUPTURE, LUMEN STENOSIS AND THROMBOSIS, AND OFTEN ENDANGERS LIFE. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) ARE A SPECIAL CLASS OF NON-CODING RNA MOLECULES, WHOSE ABNORMAL EXPRESSION HAS BEEN PROVED TO BE CLOSELY RELATED TO HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING AS. BOTH THE ABNORMAL REGULATION OF CIRCRNAS AND THE SPONGING EFFECT ON MIRNAS WOULD LEAD TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE FORM OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF AS. CIRCRNAS CAN BE USED AS PERIPHERAL BLOOD MARKERS OF AS, AND PLAY AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ROLE IN THE PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION, INFLAMMATION AND APOPTOSIS OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND MACROPHAGE, WHICH ARE KEY CELLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AS. THE IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF CIRCRNAS IN AS NOT ONLY PROVIDES A NEW METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AS, BUT ALSO PROVIDES A NEW IDEA FOR THE TREATMENT OF AS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
12 2983  48 GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF CANCER COAGULOPATHY, ANGIOGENESIS AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. PROGRESSION OF HUMAN MALIGNANCIES IS ACCOMPANIED BY VASCULAR EVENTS, SUCH AS FORMATION AND REMODELING OF BLOOD VESSELS AND SYSTEMIC COAGULOPATHY. THOUGH LONG APPRECIATED AS COMORBIDITY OF CANCER (TROUSSEAU SYNDROME), VASCULAR INVOLVEMENT IS INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED AS A CENTRAL PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM OF TUMOR GROWTH, INVASION AND METASTASIS. THE MAJOR OUTSTANDING QUESTION IN RELATION TO THIS ROLE HAS BEEN, WHETHER VASCULAR PERTURBATIONS ARE SIMPLY A REACTION TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT, OR ARE LINKED TO THE KNOWN GENETIC LESIONS CAUSAL FOR THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF MALIGNANCY. IN THIS REGARD, WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY HYPOTHESIZED, AND RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED EXPERIMENTALLY THAT DEREGULATION OF CERTAIN HEMOSTATIC MECHANISMS, NAMELY UPREGULATION OF TISSUE FACTOR (TF) AND POSSIBLY OTHER CHANGES (E.G. EXPRESSION OF THROMBIN RECEPTOR - PAR-1) ARE CONTROLLED BY CANCER-ASSOCIATED ONCOGENIC EVENTS, SUCH AS ACTIVATION OF K-RAS, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR), OR INACTIVATION OF THE P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN VARIOUS HUMAN CANCER CELLS. IT APPEARS THAT THESE RESPECTIVE TRANSFORMING ALTERATIONS EXERT THEIR IMPACT ON BOTH, CELL-ASSOCIATED AND SOLUBLE/CIRCULATING (MICROVESICLE- ASSOCIATED) TF, I.E. MAY CAUSE A SYSTEMIC HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE. OTHER GENES, WHICH MORE RECENTLY EMERGED AS REGULATORS OF CANCER COAGULOPATHY INCLUDE: PML-RARALPHA, PTEN, AND MET. WHILE THE SPECTRUM OF PROCOAGULANT TARGETS OF THESE GENES MAY VARY SOMEWHAT IT INCLUDES: TF, PAI-1, COX-2 AND POSSIBLY OTHER HEMOSTATIC PROTEINS. IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT THESE PROTHROMBOTIC CHANGES MAY IMPACT THE MALIGNANT PROCESS DIRECTLY (E.G. STIMULATE ANGIOGENESIS, TUMOR GROWTH OR METASTASIS) AS A CONSEQUENCE OF BOTH COAGULATION-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT EFFECTS. THE LATTER ARE MOSTLY RELATED TO CELLULAR SIGNALING EVENTS AND CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION WHICH ARE NOW KNOWN TO BE INDUCED BY THE TF/FVIIA/XA COMPLEX, THROMBIN AND PARS, EXPRESSED ON THE SURFACE OF CANCER CELLS, AS WELL AS TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ENDOTHELIUM. INTERESTINGLY, CERTAIN ANTICOAGULANTS POSSESS ANTIMETASTATIC AND ANTICANCER PROPERTIES (E.G. LMWH), AN OBSERVATION THAT FURTHER SUGGESTS THAT HYPERCOAGULABILITY MAY ACT AS AN EFFECTOR MECHANISM OF GENETICALLY DRIVEN TUMOR PROGRESSION. CONVERSELY, WE SUGGEST THAT ONCOGENE-DIRECTED (TARGETED) ANTICANCER AGENTS COULD, AT LEAST IN SOME CASES, AMELIORATE NOT ONLY CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION ITSELF, BUT ALSO SOME OF THE CHRONIC COMPONENTS OF THE CANCER-RELATED COAGULOPATHY, SOMETHING THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF THESE DRUGS. WE ALSO POSTULATE THAT SINCE TF IS THE ONCOGENE TARGET, CIRCULATING TF (MICROPARTICLES) COULD SERVE AS SURROGATE MARKER OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ONCOGENE-DIRECTED AGENTS EXERT IN VIVO. THUS, BOTH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS APPEAR TO CONSPIRE TO ACTIVATE VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE HEMOSTATIC SYSTEM IN CANCER PATIENTS, BOTH LOCALLY AND SYSTEMICALLY. THESE ACTIVITIES ACT AS MEDIATORS OF CANCER COAGULOPATHY, ANGIOGENESIS, METASTASIS AND OTHER EVENTS INVOLVED IN DISEASE PROGRESSION AND SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED IN DESIGNING BETTER ANTICANCER THERAPIES.	2006	

13 2002  29 EPIGENETIC AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION SUPPORT METABOLIC SUPPRESSION IN CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC GOLDFISH. GOLDFISH ENTER A HYPOMETABOLIC STATE TO SURVIVE CHRONIC HYPOXIA. WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED TISSUE-SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION REMODELING AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION TO METABOLIC SUPPRESSION ACROSS DIFFERENT GOLDFISH TISSUES. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR AND ESPECIALLY EPIGENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF HYPOXIA TOLERANCE IN GOLDFISH UNDER METABOLIC SUPPRESSION ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. HERE WE SHOW THAT COMPONENTS OF THE MOLECULAR OXYGEN-SENSING MACHINERY ARE ROBUSTLY ACTIVATED ACROSS TISSUES IRRESPECTIVE OF HYPOXIA DURATION. INDUCTION OF GENE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION TURNOVER AND MICRORNA BIOGENESIS SUGGEST A ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL SUPPRESSION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HYPOXIA-ACCLIMATED BRAIN. CONVERSELY, MECHANISTIC TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN-DEPENDENT TRANSLATIONAL MACHINERY ACTIVITY IS NOT REDUCED IN LIVER AND WHITE MUSCLE, SUGGESTING THIS PATHWAY DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO LOWERING CELLULAR ENERGY EXPENDITURE. FINALLY, MOLECULAR EVIDENCE SUPPORTS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED CHRONIC HYPOXIA-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL, LIPID METABOLISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION VIA CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTS INVOLVED IN CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS, BETA-OXIDATION, AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUSION IN MULTIPLE TISSUES. OVERALL, THIS STUDY SHOWS THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA ROBUSTLY INDUCES EXPRESSION OF OXYGEN-SENSING MACHINERY ACROSS TISSUES, INDUCES REPRESSIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC MARKS ESPECIALLY IN THE CHRONIC HYPOXIA-ACCLIMATED BRAIN AND SUPPORTS A ROLE FOR MEMBRANE REMODELING AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND DYNAMICS IN PROMOTING METABOLIC SUPPRESSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
14 2332  40 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN INSULIN RESISTANCE. EPIGENETICS FOCUSES ON THE STUDY OF CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION BASED ON MODIFICATIONS THAT DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE DNA SEQUENCE, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, POST-TRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND NON-CODING RNA. EPIGENETIC CHANGES REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES, INCLUDING INFLAMMATORY ONES. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), WHICH IS CHARACTERISTIC OF INTER ALIA TYPE 2 DIABETES. RECENTLY, IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF INFLAMMATORY GENES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF IR. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO PRESENT THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN IR. IT INCLUDES ORIGINAL PAPERS PUBLISHED FROM 2014 TO 2022. IT APPEARS THAT HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE SOCS3 GENE INCREASES THE RISK OF IR, WHILE THE ALTERATION OF H3K4ME IN THE NF-KB PROMOTER PROMOTES CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. FINALLY, IN HYPERGLYCEMIC STATES ASSOCIATED WITH IR, ALTERED LEVELS OF H3K4/K9M3 AND H3K9/K14AC RESULT IN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-6. IN ADDITION, NUMEROUS MIRNAS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED THAT MAY BECOME A TARGET IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DISEASES RELATED TO INFLAMMATION AND IR. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF IR INFLAMMATORY MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15  587  43 BENEFIT OF APABETALONE ON PLASMA PROTEINS IN RENAL DISEASE. INTRODUCTION: APABETALONE, A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR, TARGETS EPIGENETIC READERS TERMED BET PROTEINS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO GENE DYSREGULATION IN HUMAN DISORDERS. APABETALONE HAS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC PROPERTIES. IN PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIALS, THIS DRUG REDUCED THE INCIDENCE OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION AND A HIGH RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. WE STUDIED THE IMPACT OF APABETALONE ON THE PLASMA PROTEOME IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED KIDNEY FUNCTION. METHODS: SUBJECTS WITH STAGE 4 OR 5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND MATCHED CONTROLS RECEIVED A SINGLE DOSE OF APABETALONE. PLASMA WAS COLLECTED FOR PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS AND FOR PROTEOMICS PROFILING USING THE SOMASCAN 1.3K PLATFORM. PROTEOMICS DATA WERE ANALYZED WITH INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY DYSREGULATED PATHWAYS IN DISEASED PATIENTS, WHICH WERE TARGETED BY APABETALONE. RESULTS: AT BASELINE, 169 PLASMA PROTEINS (ADJUSTED P VALUE <0.05) WERE DIFFERENTIALLY ENRICHED IN RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENTS VERSUS CONTROL SUBJECTS, INCLUDING CYSTATIN C AND BETA(2) MICROGLOBULIN, WHICH CORRELATE WITH RENAL FUNCTION. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE PLASMA PROTEOME REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT ACTIVATION OF 42 PATHWAYS THAT CONTROL IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, AND COAGULATION. AT 12 HOURS POSTDOSE, APABETALONE COUNTERED THE ACTIVATION OF PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL DISEASE AND REDUCED THE ABUNDANCE OF DISEASE MARKERS, INCLUDING INTERLEUKIN-6, PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1, AND OSTEOPONTIN. CONCLUSION: THESE DATA DEMONSTRATED PLASMA PROTEOME DYSREGULATION IN RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENTS AND THE BENEFICIAL IMPACT OF APABETALONE ON PATHWAYS LINKED TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16 4902  33 OXIDATIVE-STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. OXIDATIVE STRESS PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. DIABETES CAUSES MITOCHONDRIAL SUPEROXIDE OVERPRODUCTION IN THE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF BOTH LARGE AND SMALL VESSELS. THIS INCREASED SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION CAUSES THE ACTIVATION OF SEVERAL SIGNAL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS. IN PARTICULAR, ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ARE MAJOR TARGETS OF GLUCOSE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN THE TARGET ORGANS. OXIDATIVE STRESS ACTIVATES CELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS INCLUDING PROTEIN KINASE C (PKC), C-JUN-N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK), P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK), FORKHEAD BOX O (FOXO), AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-B (NF-KAPPAB). OXIDATIVE STRESS ALSO CAUSES DNA DAMAGE AND ACTIVATES DNA NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR ENZYMES INCLUDING THE EXCISION REPAIR CROSS COMPLIMENTING 1(ERCC1), ERCC4, AND POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP). AUGMENTED PRODUCTION OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE P300, AND ALTERATIONS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES, INCLUDING CLASS III DEACETYLASES SIRTUINS, ARE ALSO INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. RECENT RESEARCH HAS FOUND THAT SMALL NONCODING RNAS, LIKE MICRORNA, ARE A NEW KIND OF REGULATOR ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. THERE ARE EXTENSIVE AND COMPLICATED INTERACTIONS AND AMONG THESE MOLECULES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO DEMONSTRATE THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS IN RELATION TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS ACETYLATION AND MICRORNA ALTERATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17 1708  34 DYSFUNCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS FROM SMOKERS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS DUE TO INCREASED DNA DAMAGE AND SENESCENCE. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH IN SMOKERS, PARTICULARLY IN THOSE WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS (EPC) ARE REQUIRED FOR ENDOTHELIAL HOMEOSTASIS, AND THEIR DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTES TO CVD. TO INVESTIGATE EPC DYSFUNCTION IN SMOKERS, WE ISOLATED AND EXPANDED BLOOD OUTGROWTH ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (BOEC) FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES FROM HEALTHY NONSMOKERS, HEALTHY SMOKERS, AND COPD PATIENTS. BOEC FROM SMOKERS AND COPD PATIENTS SHOWED INCREASED DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS AND SENESCENCE COMPARED TO NONSMOKERS. SENESCENCE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF SIRTUIN-1 (SIRT1), A PROTEIN DEACETYLASE THAT PROTECTS AGAINST DNA DAMAGE AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE. INHIBITION OF DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE BY SILENCING OF ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) KINASE RESULTED IN UPREGULATION OF SIRT1 EXPRESSION AND DECREASED SENESCENCE. TREATMENT OF BOEC FROM COPD PATIENTS WITH THE SIRT1 ACTIVATOR RESVERATROL OR AN ATM INHIBITOR (KU-55933) ALSO RESCUED THE SENESCENT PHENOTYPE. USING AN IN VIVO MOUSE MODEL OF ANGIOGENESIS, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT SENESCENT BOEC FROM COPD PATIENTS ARE DYSFUNCTIONAL, DISPLAYING IMPAIRED ANGIOGENIC ABILITY AND INCREASED APOPTOSIS COMPARED TO CELLS FROM HEALTHY NONSMOKERS. THEREFORE, THIS STUDY IDENTIFIES EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF DNA DAMAGE AND SENESCENCE AS PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS LINKED TO ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITORS' DYSFUNCTION IN SMOKERS AND COPD PATIENTS. THESE DEFECTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO VASCULAR DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN SMOKERS AND COULD THEREFORE CONSTITUTE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR INTERVENTION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  141  28 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OF MTOR PATHWAY GENES PROMOTES INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE (DKD), BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS CONTRIBUTES TO DKD PROGRESSION. WE SHOWED THAT LEVELS OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1), A KEY ENZYME FOR DNA METHYLATION, WERE INCREASED ALONG WITH INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN DKD PATIENTS. INHIBITION OF DNMT1 WITH 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA) MARKEDLY INCREASED THE PROPORTION OF CD4(+)CD25(+) REGULATORY T CELLS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN CULTURE AND IN DIABETIC ANIMALS. ADOPTIVE TRANSFER OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM 5-AZA-TREATED ANIMALS SHOWED BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON THE HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM, RESULTING IN A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT OF DKD. USING GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ASSAYS, WE IDENTIFIED THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR) REGULATORS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS. FURTHER, MRNA ARRAYS CONFIRMED THE CONSISTENT INDUCTION OF GENES EXPRESSED IN THE MTOR PATHWAY. IMPORTANTLY, DOWN-REGULATION OF DNMT1 EXPRESSION VIA RNA INTERFERENCE RESULTED IN PROMINENT CYTOSINE DEMETHYLATION OF MTOR NEGATIVE REGULATORS AND SUBSEQUENT DECREASE OF MTOR ACTIVITY. LASTLY, MODULATION OF MTOR RESULTED IN CHANGES IN THE EFFECT OF 5-AZA ON DIABETIC IMMUNE CELLS. THUS, UP-REGULATION OF DNMT1 IN DIABETIC IMMUNE CELLS INDUCES ABERRANT CYTOSINE METHYLATION OF THE UPSTREAM REGULATORS OF MTOR, LEADING TO PATHOGENIC ACTIVATION OF THE MTOR PATHWAY AND CONSEQUENT INFLAMMATION IN DIABETIC KIDNEYS. HENCE, THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF TARGETING EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN IMMUNE SYSTEM FOR TREATING DKD.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19 3436  35 HYPERGLYCEMIC MEMORY OF INNATE IMMUNE CELLS PROMOTES IN VITRO PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF HUMAN MONOCYTES AND MURINE MACROPHAGES. IT HAS BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED THAT THE PRESENCE OF DIABETES IS ACCOMPANIED BY A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATE PROMOTING VARIOUS DIABETES-ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS. ONE POTENTIAL DRIVER OF THIS ENHANCED INFLAMMATORY STATE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES IS HYPERGLYCEMIA. EVEN AFTER BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL IS ACHIEVED, DIABETES-ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS PERSIST, SUGGESTING THE PRESENCE OF A "HYPERGLYCEMIC MEMORY." INNATE IMMUNE CELLS, CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN VARIOUS COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES, CAN BUILD NONSPECIFIC, IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY (TRAINED IMMUNITY) VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA-INDUCED TRAINED IMMUNITY IN PROMOTING INFLAMMATION. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT HYPERGLYCEMIA INDUCES A TRAINED PHENOTYPE IN VIVO IN MICE AND IN VITRO IN HUMAN MONOCYTES, REPRESENTATIVE BY AN INCREASED TNF-ALPHA SECRETION AFTER EX VIVO STIMULATION WITH LPS. THESE EFFECTS WERE LARGELY MEDIATED BY EPIGENETIC CHANGES CONTROLLED BY THE MIXED LINEAGE LEUKEMIA (MLL) FAMILY BECAUSE TREATMENT WITH THE MLL INHIBITOR MENIN-MLL DURING THE PROCESS OF TRAINED IMMUNITY ACQUISITION REPRESSED THE PROINFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS IDENTIFY A NOVEL LINK BETWEEN HYPERGLYCEMIA AND INFLAMMATION IN INNATE IMMUNE CELLS THAT MIGHT EXPLAIN THE INCREASED PROINFLAMMATORY STATE DURING DIABETES POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS DIABETES-ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20 1131  34 COMPREHENSIVE CIRCULAR RNA EXPRESSION PROFILING WITH ASSOCIATED CERNA NETWORK REVEALS THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN CHOLESTEATOMA. CHOLESTEATOMA IS A CHRONIC DISEASE THAT PATHOLOGICALLY DISPLAYS A BENIGN TUMOR WITH EXCESSIVE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE MIDDLE EAR. CLINICALLY, HOWEVER, IT CAN MANIFEST MALIGNANT BEHAVIOR BY DESTROYING ADJACENT TISSUES AND ORGANS. ALTHOUGH PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLESTEATOMA IS CORRELATED WITH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION, THE EXACT MECHANISM REMAINS UNCLEAR. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) HAVE BEEN REVEALED AS BEING ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSED IN VARIOUS ORGANISMS AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE REGULATION OF MANY DISEASES. TO DATE, NO REPORTS HAVE ELUCIDATED THEIR EXPRESSION PROFILES AND FUNCTIONS IN CHOLESTEATOMA. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN CHOLESTEATOMA WAS EXPLORED FOR THE FIRST TIME BY USING MICROARRAY ANALYSIS. WE OBTAINED A TOTAL OF 355 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS IN CHOLESTEATOMA, AMONG WHICH 101 WERE IDENTIFIED TO BE UPREGULATED AND 254 DOWNREGULATED. BY CONSTRUCTING CIRCRNA?LNCRNA?MIRNA?MRNA COMPETING ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) NETWORK, IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT CIRCRNAS MAY FUNCTION AS CERNAS AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE FORMATION OF CHOLESTEATOMA. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLESTEATOMA AND SUGGEST CIRCRNAS AS POTENTIAL PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR CHOLESTEATOMA.	2020