1 3835 140 IONISING RADIATION INDUCES PROMOTER DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND PERTURBS TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF GENES INVOLVED IN MORPHOGENESIS DURING GASTRULATION IN ZEBRAFISH. EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IS PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO STRESS AND DNA DAMAGE, AS MUTATIONS CAN ACCUMULATE THROUGH CELL PROLIFERATION IN A WIDE NUMBER OF CELLS AND ORGANS. HOWEVER, THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AT LOW AND MODERATE DOSE RATES (< 6 MGY/H) REMAIN LARGELY CONTROVERSIAL, RAISING CONCERNS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. THE PRESENT STUDY FOCUSES ON THE MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF IR (0.005 TO 50 MGY/H) ON ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS AT THE GASTRULA STAGE (6 HPF), AT BOTH THE TRANSCRIPTOMICS AND EPIGENETICS LEVELS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT EXPOSURE TO IR MODIFIES THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY FROM 0.5 TO 50 MGY/H. IN ADDITION, IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS, NAMELY, THE NOTCH, RETINOIC ACID, BMP AND WNT SIGNALLING PATHWAYS, WERE ALTERED AT 5 AND 50 MGY/H. TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE MORPHOGENESIS OF THE ECTODERM AND MESODERM WERE DETECTED AT ALL DOSE RATES, BUT WERE PROMINENT FROM 0.5 TO 50 MGY/H. AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL, EXPOSURE TO IR INDUCED A HYPOMETHYLATION OF DNA IN THE PROMOTER OF GENES THAT COLOCALISED WITH BOTH H3K27ME3 AND H3KME4 HISTONE MARKS AND CORRELATED WITH CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. FINALLY, PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES OCCURRED IN THE PROMOTER OF IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTAL GENES, INCLUDING MORPHOGENESIS OF THE ECTODERM AND MESODERM. TOGETHER, THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM REGULATING MORPHOGENESIS IN GASTRULATING EMBRYOS WAS MODIFIED AT DOSE RATES GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.5 MGY/H, WHICH MIGHT PREDICT POTENTIAL NEUROGENESIS AND SOMITOGENESIS DEFECTS OBSERVED AT SIMILAR DOSE RATES LATER IN DEVELOPMENT.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2 5032  47 PERTURBED TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES AFTER CHRONIC LOW DOSE RATE RADIATION IN MICE. ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF IONIZING RADIATION GIVEN CHRONICALLY AT LOW DOSE RATES ARE HIGHLY DEBATED, A CONTROVERSY ALSO RELEVANT FOR OTHER STRESSORS. INCREASED KNOWLEDGE IS NEEDED FOR A MORE COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE DAMAGING POTENTIAL OF IONIZING RADIATION FROM ALL DOSE RATES AND DOSES. THERE IS A LACK OF RELEVANT LOW DOSE RATE DATA THAT IS PARTLY ASCRIBED TO THE RARITY OF EXPOSURE FACILITIES ALLOWING CHRONIC LOW DOSE RATE EXPOSURES. USING THE FIGARO FACILITY, WE ASSESSED EARLY (ONE DAY POST-RADIATION) AND LATE (RECOVERY TIME OF 100-200 DAYS) HEPATIC GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN MALE MICE OF TWO STRAINS (CBA/CAOLAHSD AND C57BL/6NHSD) EXPOSED CHRONICALLY TO A LOW DOSE RATE (2.5 MGY/H; 1200H, LDR), A MID-DOSE RATE (10 MGY/H; 300H, MDR) AND ACUTELY TO A HIGH DOSE RATE (100 MGY/H; 30H, HDR) OF GAMMA IRRADIATION, GIVEN TO AN EQUIVALENT TOTAL DOSE OF 3 GY. DOSE-RATE AND STRAIN-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES WERE IDENTIFIED. DIFFERENTLY MODULATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES ACROSS ALL DOSE RATE EXPOSURE GROUPS WERE EVIDENT BY THE REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. EVIDENCE OF CHANGED EPIGENETIC REGULATION (GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION) WAS NOT DETECTED. A PERIOD OF RECOVERY MARKEDLY REDUCED THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES. USING ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MODULATED GENES, PERTURBED SIGNALING PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CANCER AND NON-CANCER EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED, SUCH AS LIPID METABOLISM AND INFLAMMATION. THESE PATHWAYS WERE SEEN AFTER CHRONIC LOW DOSE RATE AND WERE NOT RESTRICTED TO THE ACUTE HIGH DOSE RATE EXPOSURE. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE INDUCED BY CHRONIC LOW DOSE RATE IONIZING RADIATION SUGGESTS CONTRIBUTION TO CONDITIONS SUCH AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. WE CONTRIBUTE WITH NOVEL GENOME WIDE TRANSCRIPTIONAL DATA HIGHLIGHTING DOSE-RATE-SPECIFIC RADIATION RESPONSES AND EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING BOTH DOSE RATE, DURATION OF EXPOSURE, AND VARIABILITY IN SUSCEPTIBILITY WHEN ASSESSING RISKS FROM IONIZING RADIATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                
3 1655  26 DOSE-DEPENDENCE, SEX- AND TISSUE-SPECIFICITY, AND PERSISTENCE OF RADIATION-INDUCED GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. RADIATION IS A WELL-KNOWN GENOTOXIC AGENT AND HUMAN CARCINOGEN THAT GIVES RISE TO A VARIETY OF LONG-TERM EFFECTS. ITS DETRIMENTAL INFLUENCE ON CELLULAR FUNCTION IS ACTIVELY STUDIED NOWADAYS. ONE OF THE MOST ANALYZED, YET LEAST UNDERSTOOD LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION IS TRANSGENERATIONAL GENOMIC INSTABILITY. THE INHERITANCE OF GENOMIC INSTABILITY SUGGESTS THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, SUCH AS CHANGES OF THE METHYLATION OF CYTOSINE RESIDUES LOCATED WITHIN CPG DINUCLEOTIDES. IN THE CURRENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE DOSE-DEPENDENCE OF THE RADIATION-INDUCED GLOBAL GENOME DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. WE ALSO ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC HIGH DOSE (5GY) EXPOSURE ON DNA METHYLATION IN LIVER, SPLEEN, AND LUNG TISSUES OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE AND EVALUATED THE POSSIBLE PERSISTENCE OF THE RADIATION-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. HERE WE REPORT THAT RADIATION-INDUCED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WERE SEX- AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC, DOSE-DEPENDENT, AND PERSISTENT. IN PARALLEL WE HAVE STUDIED THE LEVELS OF DNA DAMAGE IN THE EXPOSED TISSUES. BASED ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION AND DNA DAMAGE WE PROPOSE THAT RADIATION-INDUCED GLOBAL GENOME DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IS DNA REPAIR-RELATED.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
4 4224  32 METHYLATION CHANGES IN MUSCLE AND LIVER TISSUES OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE EXPOSED TO ACUTE AND CHRONIC LOW-DOSE X-RAY-IRRADIATION. THE BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LOW-DOSE RADIATION (LDR) EXPOSURE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CARCINOGENESIS HAVE RECEIVED A LOT OF ATTENTION IN THE RECENT YEARS. FOR EXAMPLE, RADIATION-INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY, WHICH IS THOUGHT TO BE A PRECURSOR OF TUMOROGENESIS, WAS SHOWN TO HAVE A TRANSGENERATIONAL NATURE. THIS INDICATES A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LDR-INDUCED GENOME INSTABILITY. GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. EXISTING DATA ON RADIATION EFFECTS ON DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IS LIMITED, AND NO ONE HAS SPECIFICALLY STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF THE LDR. WE REPORT THE FIRST STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY LDR EXPOSURE ON GLOBAL GENOME METHYLATION IN MUSCLE AND LIVER TISSUES OF MALE AND FEMALE MICE. IN PARALLEL, WE EVALUATED CHANGES IN PROMOTER METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE P16(INKA) AND DNA REPAIR GENE O(6)-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (MGMT). WE OBSERVED DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF RADIATION-INDUCED GLOBAL GENOME DNA METHYLATION IN THE LIVER AND MUSCLE OF EXPOSED MALES AND FEMALES. WE ALSO FOUND SEX AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN P16(INKA) PROMOTER METHYLATION UPON LDR EXPOSURE. IN MALE LIVER TISSUE, P16(INKA) PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS MORE PRONOUNCED THAN IN FEMALE TISSUE. IN CONTRAST, NO SIGNIFICANT RADIATION-INDUCED CHANGES IN P16(INKA) PROMOTER METHYLATION WERE NOTED IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF EXPOSED MALES AND FEMALES. RADIATION ALSO DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT METHYLATION STATUS OF MGMT PROMOTER. WE ALSO OBSERVED SUBSTANTIAL SEX DIFFERENCES IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC RADIATION-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF P16(INKA) AND MGMT GENES. ANOTHER IMPORTANT OUTCOME OF OUR STUDY WAS THE FACT THAT CHRONIC LOW-DOSE RADIATION EXPOSURE PROVED TO BE A MORE POTENT INDUCER OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTS THAN THE ACUTE EXPOSURE. THIS SUPPORTS PREVIOUS FINDINGS THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE LEADS TO GREATER GENOME DESTABILIZATION THAN ACUTE EXPOSURE.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5  930  43 CHRONIC IRRADIATION OF HUMAN CELLS REDUCES HISTONE LEVELS AND DEREGULATES GENE EXPRESSION. OVER THE PAST DECADES, THERE HAVE BEEN HUGE ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING CELLULAR RESPONSES TO IONISING RADIATION (IR) AND DNA DAMAGE. THESE STUDIES, HOWEVER, WERE MOSTLY EXECUTED WITH CELL LINES AND MICE USING SINGLE OR MULTIPLE ACUTE DOSES OF RADIATION. HENCE, RELATIVELY LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSE IONISING RADIATION AFFECTS NORMAL CELLS AND ORGANISMS, EVEN THOUGH OUR CELLS ARE CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS OF RADIATION. WE ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE BY EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSING HUMAN PRIMARY CELLS TO CONTINUOUS IONISING GAMMA-RADIATION DELIVERED AT 6-20 MGY/H. ALTHOUGH THESE DOSE RATES ARE ESTIMATED TO INFLICT FEWER THAN A SINGLE DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK (DSB) PER HOUR PER CELL, THEY STILL CAUSED DOSE-DEPENDENT REDUCTIONS IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENESCENCE. WE CONCOMITANTLY OBSERVED HISTONE PROTEIN LEVELS TO REDUCE BY UP TO 40%, WHICH IN CONTRAST TO PREVIOUS OBSERVATIONS, WAS NOT MAINLY DUE TO PROTEIN DEGRADATION BUT INSTEAD CORRELATED WITH REDUCED HISTONE GENE EXPRESSION. HISTONE REDUCTIONS WERE ACCOMPANIED BY ENLARGED NUCLEAR SIZE PARALLELED BY AN INCREASE IN GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTION, INCLUDING THAT OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES. THUS, CHRONIC IRRADIATION, EVEN AT LOW DOSE-RATES, CAN INDUCE CELL SENESCENCE AND ALTER GENE EXPRESSION VIA A HITHERTO UNCHARACTERISED EPIGENETIC ROUTE. THESE FEATURES OF CHRONIC RADIATION REPRESENT A NEW ASPECT OF RADIATION BIOLOGY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6 3836  36 IONIZING RADIATION POTENTIATES HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND REPROGRAMS SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS. EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION INCREASES THE RISK OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES LATER IN LIFE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT IRRADIATION REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF METABOLIC PROGENITOR CELLS, WHICH COULD ACCOUNT FOR IMPAIRED METABOLISM AFTER CANCER TREATMENT. C57BL/6 MICE WERE TREATED WITH A SINGLE DOSE OF IRRADIATION AND SUBJECTED TO HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD). RNA SEQUENCING AND REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING WERE USED TO CREATE TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC PROFILES OF PREADIPOCYTES AND SKELETAL MUSCLE SATELLITE CELLS COLLECTED FROM IRRADIATED MICE. MICE SUBJECTED TO TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND, WHEN CHALLENGED WITH HFD, MARKED HYPERINSULINEMIA. INSULIN SIGNALING WAS CHRONICALLY DISRUPTED IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS COLLECTED FROM IRRADIATED MICE AND DIFFERENTIATED IN CULTURE. EPIGENOMIC PROFILING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS FROM IRRADIATED ANIMALS REVEALED SUBSTANTIAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, NOTABLY FOR GENES REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE, GLUCOSE/LIPID METABOLISM, AND EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION ALTERS INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS REGULATING CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS AND PROVIDE A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BY WHICH IRRADIATION USED IN CANCER TREATMENT INCREASES THE RISK FOR METABOLIC DISEASE LATER IN LIFE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7 4093  38 MATERNAL SEPARATION FOLLOWED BY CHRONIC MILD STRESS IN ADULTHOOD IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONCERTED EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF AP-1 COMPLEX GENES. DEPRESSION IS ONE OF THE MOST PREVALENT MENTAL DISEASES WORLDWIDE. PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES OFTEN HAVE A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD NEGLECT, INDICATING THAT EARLY-LIFE EXPERIENCES PREDISPOSE TO PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD. TWO STRONG MODELS WERE USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY: THE MATERNAL SEPARATION/EARLY DEPRIVATION MODEL (MS) AND THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS MODEL (CMS). IN BOTH MODELS, WE FOUND CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF GENES SUCH AS CREB AND NPY. STRIKINGLY, THERE WAS A CLEAR REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF FOUR GENES INVOLVED IN THE AP-1 COMPLEX: C-FOS, C-JUN, FOSB, AND JUN-B. INTERESTINGLY, DIFFERENT EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE OBSERVED DEPENDING ON THE MODEL, WHEREAS THE COMBINATION OF THE MODELS RESULTED IN A NORMAL LEVEL OF GENE EXPRESSION. THE EFFECTS OF MS AND CMS ON GENE EXPRESSION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DISTINCT HISTONE METHYLATION/ACETYLATION PATTERNS OF ALL FOUR GENES. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES, LIKE GENE EXPRESSION, WERE ALSO DEPENDENT ON THE SPECIFIC STRESSOR OR THEIR COMBINATION. THE OBTAINED RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SINGLE LIFE EVENTS LEAVE A MARK ON GENE EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF GENE PROMOTERS, BUT A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT STRESSORS AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES CAN FURTHER CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC FACTORS, POSSIBLY CAUSING THE LONG-LASTING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF STRESS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8 1503  32 DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO OR IN VIVO. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA INDICATE THAT CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO HAVE A GREATER RELATIVE RISK OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT, MAJOR AND MINOR BIRTH DEFECTS, AND RARE DISORDERS INVOLVING IMPRINTED GENES, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. WE EXAMINED DNA METHYLATION AT MORE THAN 700 GENES (1536 CPG SITES) IN PLACENTA AND CORD BLOOD AND MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUBSET OF GENES THAT DIFFERED IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN PLACENTA AND HIGHER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN CORD BLOOD. WE ALSO FIND THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES AT BOTH IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES. THE RANGE OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROUPS OVERLAPS SUBSTANTIALLY BUT SOME INDIVIDUALS FROM THE IN VITRO GROUP DIFFER FROM THE IN VIVO GROUP MEAN BY MORE THAN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS. SEVERAL OF THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS, SUCH AS OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY BE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GAMETES OR EARLY EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM COUPLES UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY. ALTERNATIVELY, ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN EITHER CASE, THESE DIFFERENCES OR CHANGES MAY AFFECT LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9  904  44 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM INDUCES DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN MICE SPERMATOZOA. CADMIUM EXPOSURE IS UBIQUITOUS AND HAS BEEN LINKED TO DISEASES INCLUDING CANCERS AND REPRODUCTIVE DEFECTS. SINCE CADMIUM IS NONMUTAGENIC, IT IS THOUGHT TO EXERT ITS GENE DYSREGULATORY EFFECTS THROUGH EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE IMPLICATED GERMLINE EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM IN DEVELOPMENTAL REPROGRAMMING. HOWEVER, MOST OF THESE STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON MATERNAL EXPOSURE, WHILE THE IMPACT ON SPERM FERTILITY AND DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS RECEIVED LESS ATTENTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING TO COMPREHENSIVELY INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON MOUSE SPERMATOZOA DNA METHYLATION. ADULT MALE C57BL/J6 MICE WERE PROVIDED WATER WITH OR WITHOUT CADMIUM CHLORIDE FOR 9 WEEKS. SPERM, TESTES, LIVER, AND KIDNEY TISSUES WERE COLLECTED AT THE END OF THE TREATMENT PERIOD. CADMIUM EXPOSURE WAS CONFIRMED THROUGH GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF METALLOTHIONEIN-1 AND 2, 2 WELL-KNOWN CADMIUM-INDUCED GENES. ANALYSIS OF SPERM DNA METHYLATION CHANGES REVEALED 1788 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES PRESENT AT REGULATORY REGIONS IN SPERM OF MICE EXPOSED TO CADMIUM COMPARED WITH VEHICLE (CONTROL) MICE. FURTHERMORE, MOST OF THESE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION CHANGES POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AT BOTH THE TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION STAGE AS WELL AS THE SPLICING LEVELS. INTERESTINGLY, THE GENES TARGETED BY CADMIUM EXPOSURE ARE INVOLVED IN SEVERAL CRITICAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES. OUR RESULTS PRESENT A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPERM METHYLOME IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC CADMIUM EXPOSURE. THESE DATA, THEREFORE, HIGHLIGHT A FOUNDATIONAL FRAMEWORK TO STUDY GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS THAT MAY AFFECT FERTILITY IN THE EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS THEIR OFFSPRING, THROUGH PATERNAL INHERITANCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10 6845  41 [METHYLATION STATUS OF APOPTOSIS GENES AND INTENSITY OF APOPTOTIC DEATH OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN PERSONS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIATION]. METHYLATION OF THE CPG ISLANDS OF GENE PROMOTER REGIONS IS THE MOST COMMON EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. A NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT IONIZING RADIATION CAN CAUSE BOTH HYPER- AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF DNA. ABERRANT METHYLATION AFFECTS CELLULAR PROCESSES AND CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL STATES. IN THE LITERATURE, THERE ARE FEW STUDIES ON THE METHYLATION STATUS OF HUMAN DNA A LONG TIME AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. HERE, THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF CPG ISLANDS OF THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF APOPTOSIS GENES (BCL2, ATM, MDM2, CDKN1A, STAT3, AND NFKB1), AND ALSO ITS INFLUENCE ON APOPTOSIS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN CHRONICALLY EXPOSED PERSONS WERE STUDIED. RESIDENTS OF THE SOUTH URAL REGION WHO WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIATION (AFTER DISCHARGES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES INTO THE TECHA RIVER BY THE "MAYAK PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION" IN 1949-1956) WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. IT WAS ESTABLISHED THAT THE PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERMETHYLATED BCL2 GENE PROMOTER AMONG THE EXPOSED PEOPLE WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP. THE PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION OF THE ATM GENE PROMOTER WEAKLY POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH DOSE AND AGE CHARACTERISTICS. DIFFERENCES IN THE FREQUENCY OF LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS IN EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS WITH A HYPO- OR HYPERMETHYLATED ATM GENE PROMOTER WERE ALSO ESTABLISHED. THE DATA INDICATE THAT, IN THE LONG-TERM, AFTER CHRONIC LOW INTENSITY RADIATION EXPOSURE AT LOW AND MEDIUM DOSES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE GENOME OCCUR, WHICH ARE MANIFESTED AS CHANGES IN METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGIONS OF BCL2 AND ATM GENES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11  990  33 CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS INDUCES DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AT AN EVOLUTIONARY CONSERVED INTERGENIC REGION IN CHROMOSOME X. CHRONIC STRESS RESULTING FROM PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS INCREASES THE RISK OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS. ALTHOUGH CHRONIC STRESS CAN CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION RELEVANT FOR BEHAVIOR, MOLECULAR REGULATORS OF THIS CHANGE HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY DETERMINED. ONE PROCESS THAT COULD PLAY A ROLE IS DNA METHYLATION, AN EPIGENETIC PROCESS WHEREBY A METHYL GROUP IS ADDED ONTO NUCLEOTIDES, PREDOMINANTLY CYTOSINE IN THE CPG CONTEXT, AND WHICH CAN BE INDUCED BY CHRONIC STRESS. IT IS UNKNOWN TO WHAT EXTENT CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT, A MODEL OF HUMAN SOCIAL STRESS, INFLUENCES DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ACROSS THE GENOME. OUR STUDY ADDRESSED THIS QUESTION BY USING A TARGETED-CAPTURE APPROACH CALLED METHYL-SEQ TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS AT PUTATIVE REGULATORY REGIONS ACROSS THE MOUSE GENOME FROM MICE EXPOSED TO 14 DAYS OF SOCIAL DEFEAT. FINDINGS WERE REPLICATED IN INDEPENDENT COHORTS BY BISULFITE-PYROSEQUENCING. TWO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED. ONE DMR WAS LOCATED AT INTRON 9 OF DROSHA, AND IT SHOWED REDUCED METHYLATION IN STRESSED MICE. THIS OBSERVATION REPLICATED IN ONE OF TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS. A SECOND DMR WAS IDENTIFIED AT AN INTERGENIC REGION OF CHROMOSOME X, AND METHYLATION IN THIS REGION WAS INCREASED IN STRESSED MICE. THIS METHYLATION DIFFERENCE REPLICATED IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS AND IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) POSTMORTEM BRAINS. THESE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT A REGION NOT PREVIOUSLY KNOWN TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BY CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS AND WHICH MAY BE INVOLVED IN MDD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12 6562  33 TRANSIENT AND PERMANENT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN INORGANIC ARSENIC-MEDIATED EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION. CHRONIC LOW DOSE INORGANIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE CAUSES CELLS TO TAKE ON AN EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL PHENOTYPE, WHICH IS A CRUCIAL PROCESS IN CARCINOGENESIS. INORGANIC ARSENIC IS NOT A MUTAGEN AND THUS EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THIS PROCESS. INDEED, DURING THE EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES TO CELLS CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE EXPRESSION, ULTIMATELY DRIVING THIS PROCESS. HOWEVER, STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF INORGANIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE/WITHDRAWAL ON THE EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND THE IMPACT OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN THIS PROCESS ARE LIMITED. IN THIS STUDY WE USED HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROARRAY ANALYSIS TO MEASURE THE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN CELLS UNDERGOING INORGANIC ARSENIC-INDUCED EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, AND ON THE REVERSAL OF THIS PROCESS, AFTER REMOVAL OF THE INORGANIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE. WE FOUND THAT CELLS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC, LOW-DOSE INORGANIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE SHOWED 30,530 SITES WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED, AND WITH INORGANIC ARSENIC WITHDRAWAL SEVERAL DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATED SITES WERE REVERSED, ALBEIT NOT COMPLETELY. FURTHERMORE, THESE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION MAINLY CORRELATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AT MOST SITES TESTED BUT NOT AT ALL. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ON GENE EXPRESSION ARE NOT CLEAR-CUT AND PROVIDE A PLATFORM TO BEGIN TO UNCOVER THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION, SPECIFICALLY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF INORGANIC ARSENIC TREATMENT.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
13 3148  41 GLUCOCORTICOID INDUCED LOSS OF OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA GENE METHYLATION AND RESTORATION OF SENSITIVITY TO FULVESTRANT IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER. THE RESPONSE TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS CAN DIFFER DEPENDING ON THE TYPE AND DURATION OF THE STRESSOR. ACUTE STRESS CAN FACILITATE A "FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE" AND AID SURVIVAL, WHEREAS CHRONIC LONG-TERM STRESS WITH THE PERSISTENT RELEASE OF STRESS HORMONES SUCH AS CORTISOL HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE DETRIMENTAL TO HEALTH. WE ARE NOW BEGINNING TO UNDERSTAND HOW THIS STRESS HORMONE RESPONSE IMPACTS IMPORTANT PROCESSES SUCH AS DNA REPAIR AND CELL PROLIFERATION PROCESSES IN BREAST CANCER. HOWEVER, IT IS NOT KNOWN WHAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES STRESS HORMONES INDUCE IN BREAST CANCER. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INCLUDE MODIFICATION OF DNA AND HISTONES WITHIN CHROMATIN THAT MAY BE INVOLVED IN GOVERNING THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROCESSES IN CANCER CELLS IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES BY ENDOGENOUS STRESS HORMONES. THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENDOGENOUS ACUTE OR LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF GLUCOCORTICOID STRESS HORMONES, AND EXOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS TO METHYLATION PATTERNS IN BREAST CANCER TISSUES WITH DIFFERENT AETIOLOGIES REMAINS TO BE EVALUATED. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS WERE DEVELOPED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION AND AETIOLOGY. A PANEL OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER CELL LINES WERE TREATED WITH THE GLUCOCORTICOID, CORTISOL WHICH RESULTED IN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION CHARACTERISED BY LOSS OF METHYLATION ON PROMOTER REGIONS OF TUMOUR SUPPRESSOR GENES INCLUDING ESR1, AND LOSS OF METHYLATION ON LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENT USED AS A SURROGATE MARKER FOR GLOBAL METHYLATION. THIS WAS VERIFIED IN VIVO IN MDA-MB-231 XENOGRAFTS; THE MODEL VERIFIED THE LOSS OF METHYLATION ON ESR1 PROMOTER, AND SUBSEQUENT INCREASE IN ESR1 EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY TUMOURS IN MICE SUBJECTED TO RESTRAINT STRESS. OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THAT DNA METHYLATION LANDSCAPE IN BREAST CANCER CAN BE ALTERED IN RESPONSE TO STRESS AND GLUCOCORTICOID TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 3981  42 LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC THERAPY WITH ORAL ZEBULARINE HAS MINIMAL SIDE EFFECTS AND PREVENTS INTESTINAL TUMORS IN MICE. RECENT SUCCESSES IN THE APPLICATION OF EPIGENETIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME HAVE RAISED QUESTIONS ON THE SAFETY OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF DNA METHYLATION INHIBITORS. WE TREATED PREWEANED CANCER PRONE APC(MIN/+) (MIN) MICE CONTINUOUSLY WITH THE DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR ZEBULARINE IN THEIR DRINKING WATER TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG ON NORMAL MOUSE DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS CANCER PREVENTION. ZEBULARINE CAUSED A TISSUE-SPECIFIC REDUCTION IN DNA METHYLATION AT B1 SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS IN THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES OF FEMALE MIN MICE BUT NOT IN OTHER ORGANS EXAMINED AFTER CHRONIC ORAL TREATMENT. NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE AVERAGE WEIGHTS OF MICE WAS OBSERVED DURING THE TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION OF COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE FEMALES INDICATED THAT ONLY 3% TO 6% OF THE GENES WERE AFFECTED IN THEIR EXPRESSION. WE DID NOT DETECT TOXICITY AND ABNORMALITIES FROM THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF LIVER AND INTESTINAL TISSUES. LASTLY, WE TESTED WHETHER PREVENTION OF TUMORIGENESIS CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH CHRONIC ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ZEBULARINE IN MIN MICE. THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF POLYPS IN MIN FEMALES DECREASED FROM 58 TO 1, WHEREAS THE AVERAGE POLYP NUMBER REMAINED UNAFFECTED IN MIN MALES POSSIBLY DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVITY OF ALDEHYDE OXIDASE. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT LONG-TERM ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ZEBULARINE CAUSES A GENDER-SPECIFIC ABROGATION OF INTESTINAL TUMORS WHILE CAUSING A TISSUE-SPECIFIC DNA DEMETHYLATION. IMPORTANTLY, PROLONGED TREATMENT OF MICE WITH EPIGENETIC DRUGS RESULTED IN ONLY MINOR DEVELOPMENTAL AND HISTOLOGIC CHANGES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
15 5894  39 T CELL EPIGENETIC REMODELING AND ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING ARE LINKED TO LONG-TERM IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS. BACKGROUND: CANCER TREATMENTS HAVE SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVAL BUT ARE ACCOMPANIED BY LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS, NOTABLY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CANCER TREATMENTS COULD LEAD TO LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMMUNE CELLS, RESULTING IN INCREASED PREVALENCE OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN CANCER SURVIVORS. RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ESTABLISHED THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM 44 CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS (CCS, > 16 YEARS OLD) ON FULL REMISSION (> 5 YEARS) WHO HAD RECEIVED CHEMOTHERAPY ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION (TBI) AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT). WE FOUND THAT MORE THAN 10 YEARS POST-TREATMENT, CCS TREATED WITH TBI/HSCT SHOWED AN ALTERED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE IN T CELL, PARTICULARLY AT GENES CONTROLLING IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. DNA METHYLATION REMODELING IN T CELL WAS PARTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC EXPRESSION CHANGES OF NEARBY GENES, INCREASED FREQUENCY OF TYPE 1 CYTOKINE-PRODUCING T CELL, ELEVATED SYSTEMIC LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES, AND OVER-ACTIVATION OF RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS. SURVIVORS EXPOSED TO TBI/HSCT WERE FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY AN EPIGENETIC-AGING-SIGNATURE OF T CELL CONSISTENT WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING. TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF IRRADIATION TO THESE CHANGES, WE ESTABLISHED TWO CELL CULTURE MODELS. WE IDENTIFIED THAT RADIATION PARTIALLY RECAPITULATED THE IMMUNE CHANGES OBSERVED IN SURVIVORS THROUGH A BYSTANDER EFFECT THAT COULD BE MEDIATED BY CIRCULATING FACTORS. CONCLUSION: CANCER TREATMENTS, IN PARTICULAR TBI/HSCT, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM IMMUNE DISTURBANCES. WE PROPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF IMMUNE CELLS FOLLOWING CANCER THERAPY AUGMENTS INFLAMMATORY- AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES, INCLUDING METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS, IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16 3738  42 INORGANIC ARSENIC-INDUCED CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION IS COUPLED WITH GENOME WIDE CHANGES IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE, TRANSCRIPTOME AND SPLICING PATTERNS. BACKGROUND: ARSENIC (AS) EXPOSURE IS A SIGNIFICANT WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CONCERN. LOW DOSE, CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER THAN NORMAL RISK OF SKIN, LUNG, AND BLADDER CANCER, AS WELL AS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES. WHILE ARSENIC-INDUCED BIOLOGICAL CHANGES PLAY A ROLE IN DISEASE PATHOLOGY, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE DYNAMIC CELLULAR CHANGES RESULTING FROM ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL. RESULTS: IN THESE STUDIES, WE SOUGHT TO UNDERSTAND THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BEHIND THE BIOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ARSENIC EXPOSURE. A COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED TO DETERMINE GENOME-WIDE CHANGES TO CHROMATIN STRUCTURE, TRANSCRIPTOME PATTERNS AND SPLICING PATTERNS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC LOW DOSE ARSENIC AND ITS SUBSEQUENT WITHDRAWAL. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT CELLS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC LOW DOSES OF SODIUM ARSENITE HAVE DISTINCT TEMPORAL AND COORDINATED CHROMATIN, GENE EXPRESSION, AND MIRNA CHANGES CONSISTENT WITH DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION OF MULTIPLE BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS. MOST OF THESE TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN GENE EXPRESSION ARE REVERSED WHEN ARSENIC IS WITHDRAWN. HOWEVER, SOME GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS REMAINED ALTERED, PLAUSIBLY AS A RESULT OF AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE BY CELLS. ADDITIONALLY, THE CORRELATION OF CHANGES TO GENE EXPRESSION AND CHROMATIN STRUCTURE SOLIDIFY THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN GENE REGULATORY CHANGES DUE TO ARSENITE EXPOSURE. LASTLY, WE SHOW THAT ARSENITE EXPOSURE INFLUENCES GENE REGULATION BOTH AT THE INITIATION OF TRANSCRIPTION AS WELL AS AT THE LEVEL OF SPLICING. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT ADAPTATION OF CELLS TO IAS-MEDIATED EMT IS COUPLED TO CHANGES IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE EFFECTING DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND SPLICING PATTERNS OF GENES. THESE STUDIES PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISM OF IAS-MEDIATED PATHOLOGY, WHICH INCLUDES EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN CHANGES COUPLED WITH CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND SPLICING PATTERNS OF KEY GENES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
17 5067  31 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DNA METHYLATION IN HUMANS. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS A STRONG STIMULUS INFLUENCING THE OVERALL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY. EXERCISES LEAD TO BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN VARIOUS TISSUES AND EXERT AN IMPACT ON GENE EXPRESSION. EXERCISE-INDUCED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION MAY BE MEDIATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WHICH REARRANGE THE CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND THEREFORE MODULATE ITS ACCESSIBILITY FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. ONE OF SUCH EPIGENETIC MARK IS DNA METHYLATION THAT INVOLVES AN ATTACHMENT OF A METHYL GROUP TO THE FIFTH CARBON OF CYTOSINE RESIDUE PRESENT IN CG DINUCLEOTIDES (CPG). DNA METHYLATION IS CATALYZED BY A FAMILY OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES. THIS REVERSIBLE DNA MODIFICATION RESULTS IN THE RECRUITMENT OF PROTEINS CONTAINING METHYL BINDING DOMAIN AND FURTHER TRANSCRIPTIONAL CO-REPRESSORS LEADING TO THE SILENCING OF GENE EXPRESSION. THE ACCUMULATION OF CPG DINUCLEOTIDES, REFERRED AS CPG ISLANDS, OCCURS AT THE PROMOTER REGIONS IN A GREAT MAJORITY OF HUMAN GENES. THEREFORE, CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILE AFFECT THE TRANSCRIPTION OF MULTIPLE GENES. A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT EXERCISE TRAINING MODULATES DNA METHYLATION IN MUSCLES AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. SOME OF THESE EPIGENETIC MARKERS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A REDUCED RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN HUMANS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
18  457  47 APPLYING A MULTISCALE SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO URANIUM IN RAT KIDNEYS. PURPOSE: TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO URANIUM WITH A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH, A MULTISCALE HIGH-THROUGHPUT MULTI-OMICS ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED WITH A PROTOCOL FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE RAT KIDNEY. METHODS: MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE CONTAMINATED FOR NINE MONTHS THROUGH THEIR DRINKING WATER WITH A NONTOXIC SOLUTION OF URANYL NITRATE. A MULTISCALE APPROACH ENABLED CLINICAL MONITORING ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC (MRNA AND MICRORNA) ANALYSES. RESULTS: A SEX-INTERACTION EFFECT WAS OBSERVED IN THE KIDNEY, URINE, AND PLASMA METABOLOMES OF CONTAMINATED RATS. MOREOVER, URINE AND KIDNEY METABOLIC PROFILES CORRELATED AND CONFIRMED THAT THE PRIMARY DYSREGULATED METABOLISMS ARE THOSE OF NICOTINATE-NICOTINAMIDE AND OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS. UPSTREAM OF THE METABOLIC PATHWAYS, TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES OF THE KIDNEY REVEAL GENE ACTIVITY FOCUSED ON GENE REGULATION MECHANISMS, CELL SIGNALING, CELL STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES, AND CELL PROLIFERATION. EXAMINATION OF EPIGENETIC POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION PROCESSES SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DYSREGULATION OF 70 MICRO-RNAS. THE MULTI-OMICS APPROACH HIGHLIGHTED THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELLS' BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON MULTIPLE SCALES THROUGH ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CONFIRMED BY CHANGES OBSERVED IN THE METABOLOME. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS SHOWED CHANGES IN MULTI-OMIC PROFILES OF RATS EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF URANIUM CONTAMINATION, COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. THESE CHANGES INVOLVED GENE EXPRESSION AS WELL AS MODIFICATIONS IN THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND THE METABOLOME. THE METABOLOMIC PROFILE CONFIRMED THAT THE MAIN MOLECULAR TARGETS OF URANIUM IN KIDNEY CELLS ARE THE METABOLISM OF NICOTINATE-NICOTINAMIDE AND THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS. ADDITIONALLY, GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS IS TARGETED BY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH CELL FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT MULTISCALE SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IS USEFUL IN ELUCIDATING THE MOST DISCRIMINATIVE PATHWAYS FROM GENOMIC TO METABOLOMIC LEVELS FOR ASSESSING THE BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THIS LOW-LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, I.E. THE EXPOSOME.	2019	
                                                            
19 2483  29 EPIGENETIC VARIATION AND HUMAN DISEASE. CYTOSINE GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) ISLAND METHYLATION IS A KNOWN MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE IN POSTMEIOTIC CELLS. THROUGH ASSOCIATED CHROMATIN CHANGES AND SILENCING, SUCH EPIGENETIC STATES CAN INFLUENCE CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND AFFECT DISEASE RISK AND SEVERITY. OUR STUDIES OF CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN NORMAL COLORECTAL MUCOSA REVEALED PROGRESSIVE AGE-RELATED INCREASES AT MULTIPLE GENE LOCI, SUGGESTING GENOME-WIDE MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS WITH POTENTIAL TO SILENCE GENE EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, THERE WAS CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION AMONG INDIVIDUALS OF COMPARABLE AGES. SUCH VARIATION COULD BE RELATED TO GENETIC FACTORS, LIFESTYLE, OR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. STUDIES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CIRRHOSIS AND NEOPLASIA REVEALED THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY STATES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY MARKED INCREASES IN CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN NORMAL-APPEARING TISSUES, CONFIRMING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PROINFLAMMATORY EXPOSURES COULD ACCOUNT FOR PART OF THE EPIGENETIC VARIATION IN HUMAN POPULATIONS. PRELIMINARY DATA ALSO SUGGEST POTENTIAL INFLUENCES OF LIFESTYLE AND EXPOSURE FACTORS ON CPG ISLAND METHYLATION. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT EPIGENETIC VARIATION RELATED TO AGING, LIFESTYLE, EXPOSURES AND POSSIBLY GENETIC FACTORS, IS ONE OF THE MODULATORS OF ACQUIRED, AGE-RELATED HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING NEOPLASIA.	2002	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20 3042  43 GENOME-WIDE ALTERATION OF HISTONE METHYLATION PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN MICE. INORGANIC ARSENIC IS A XENOBIOTIC ENTERING THE BODY PRIMARILY THROUGH CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER AND FOOD. THERE ARE DEFINED MECHANISMS THAT DESCRIBE ARSENIC'S ASSOCIATION WITH INCREASED CANCER INCIDENCE, HOWEVER MECHANISMS EXPLAINING ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OR AGING DISORDERS ARE POORLY DEFINED. IN RECENT YEARS, ARSENIC EFFECTS ON EPIGENOME HAVE BECOME A PARTICULAR FOCUS. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT HUMAN RELEVANT ARSENIC EXPOSURE DURING PARTICULAR DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS, OR LONG-TERM EXPOSURE LATER IN LIFE INDUCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL NEURAL CHANGES THROUGH EPIGENOMIC ALTERATIONS, IN PARTICULAR HISTONE METHYLATION PROFILE, MANIFESTING AS COGNITIVE DECLINE. C57BL/6 WILD-TYPE MICE WERE CONTINUALLY EXPOSED TO SODIUM ARSENITE (100 MICROG/L) IN DRINKING WATER PRIOR TO MATING THROUGH WEANING OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY. A SECOND COHORT OF AGED APP/PS MICE WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO THE SAME LEVEL OF ARSENIC. COGNITIVE TESTING, HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF BRAINS AND GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION LEVELS OF H3K4ME3 AND H3K27ME3 EXAMINED AFTER CHIP-SEQ WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE. DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE CAUSED SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED COGNITION IN WILD-TYPE MICE. THE ANALYSIS OF CHIP-SEQ DATA AND EXPERIMENTS WITH MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS DEMONSTRATED THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY ARSENIC EXPOSURE TRANSLATED INTO GENE EXPRESSION ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE. INCREASED HIPPOCAMPAL AMYLOID PLAQUES LEVELS OF APP/PS MICE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE PROVIDED EVIDENCE THAT ARSENIC EXPOSURE AGGRAVATED AN EXISTING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE PHENOTYPE. WE SHOW DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN BRAIN WHICH REMAIN PRESENT INTO ADULTHOOD AND PROVIDE A POTENTIAL MECHANISM BY WHICH DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INFLUENCES COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS. WE ALSO SHOW THAT HUMAN RELEVANT, CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE HAS DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON ADULT APP/PS MICE AND EXACERBATES EXISTING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE SYMPTOMS. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE HOW DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE IMPACTS THE BRAIN EPIGENOME, LEADING TO ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION LATER IN LIFE.	2022