1 3767 112 INTEGRATIVE EPIGENOMIC ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN PRIMARY BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) IS ONE OF THE MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR MANY PULMONARY DISEASES, INCLUDING CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE FOR CS EXPOSURE IS THE BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. ELUCIDATION OF THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES DURING CS EXPOSURE IS KEY TO GAINING A MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING INTO HOW MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS RESPOND TO CS. THEREFORE, WE PERFORMED EPIGENOMIC PROFILING IN CONJUNCTION WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN WELL-DIFFERENTIATED HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL (HBE) CELLS CULTURED IN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE (ALI) EXPOSED TO THE VAPOR PHASE OF CS. THE GENOME-WIDE ENRICHMENT OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION WAS DETECTED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) IN HBE CELLS AND SUGGESTED THE PLAUSIBLE BINDING OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS RELATED TO CS EXPOSURE. ADDITIONALLY, INTERROGATION OF CHIP-SEQ DATA WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING OF HBE CELLS AFTER CS EXPOSURE FOR DIFFERENT DURATIONS (3 HOURS, 2 DAYS, 4 DAYS) SUGGESTED THAT EARLIER EPIGENETIC CHANGES (3 HOURS AFTER CS EXPOSURE) MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH LATER GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES INDUCED BY CS EXPOSURE (4 DAYS). THE INTEGRATION OF EPIGENETICS AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA REVEALED SIGNALING PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HBE CELLS THAT MAY IDENTIFY NOVEL REGULATORY PATHWAYS RELATED TO CS-INDUCED COPD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 2910  45 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING OF EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYMES AND HISTONE MARKS BY CIGARETTE SMOKE: IMPLICATIONS FOR COPD AND LUNG CANCER. CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYMES MEDIATE DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ON RECRUITMENT TO SPECIFIC TARGET GENE LOCI IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS STIMULI. THE KEY ENZYMES THAT REGULATE CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF MODIFICATIONS IN DNA AND HISTONES, AND FOR MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN RESPONSE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS), ARE NOT KNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CS EXPOSURE ALTERS THE GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYMES, WHICH THEN AFFECTS MULTIPLE DOWNSTREAM PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE RESPONSE TO CS. WE HAVE, THEREFORE, ANALYZED CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYME PROFILES AND VALIDATED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QPCR). WE ALSO PERFORMED IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS OF TARGETED HISTONE MARKS IN C57BL/6J MICE EXPOSED TO ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC CS, AND OF LUNGS FROM NONSMOKERS, SMOKERS, AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WE FOUND A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYMES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES, HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES, HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASES, AND SET DOMAIN PROTEINS, HISTONE KINASES, AND UBIQUITINASES. OUR QPCR VALIDATION DATA REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION OF DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, HDAC2, HDAC4, HAT1, PRMT1, AND AURKB WE IDENTIFIED TARGETED CHROMATIN HISTONE MARKS (H3K56AC AND H4K12AC), WHICH ARE INDUCED BY CS. THUS CS-INDUCED GENOTOXIC STRESS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS THE EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MODULATORS THAT REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION OF TARGET GENES VIA DNA METHYLATION AND SITE-SPECIFIC HISTONE MODIFICATIONS. THIS MAY HAVE IMPLICATIONS IN DEVISING EPIGENETIC-BASED THERAPIES FOR COPD AND LUNG CANCER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3 1589  50 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN A CIGARETTE SMOKE-EXPOSED MOUSE MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION. PURPOSE: DNA METHYLATION, A MAJOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO PROFILE THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS), A FOREMOST RISK FACTOR OF COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: TO ESTABLISH A MODEL OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, WILD-TYPE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO MAINSTREAM CS OR ROOM AIR FOR 2 HOURS TWICE DAILY, 6 DAYS PER WEEK FOR CONSECUTIVE 4 WEEKS. LUNG TISSUES OF THE MICE WERE COLLECTED FOR GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS BY LIQUID HYBRIDIZATION CAPTURE-BASED BISULFITE SEQUENCING, WHICH WERE USED FOR INTERSECTION ANALYSIS WITH GENE EXPRESSION BY CDNA MICROARRAY TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES. THEN, FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES WITH PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI) NETWORK REGARDING THESE GENES WERE CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL MECHANISMS. RESULTS: AFTER 4-WEEK CS EXPOSURE, THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION ACCOMPANIED BY A SUBACUTE AIRWAY INFLAMMATION WAS MARKEDLY ENHANCED, AND 2002 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (DMGS) WERE ANNOTATED, INCLUDING 565 DMGS CONTAINED METHYLATIONS IN GENE PROMOTERS, WHICH WERE USED FOR INTERSECTION WITH THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES. THEN, 135 CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES WERE FURTHER SELECTED BY THE INTERSECTION, AMONG WHICH 58 GENES WITH FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED MODIFICATION WERE FINALLY IDENTIFIED. FURTHER ANALYSES REVEALED CANDIDATE METHYLATED GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN A COMPLICATED NETWORK OF SIGNALS AND PROCESSES, INCLUDING INTERLEUKINS, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, T-CELLS DIFFERENTIATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, MAST CELLS ACTIVATION, STEM CELLS PROLIFERATION, ETC., AS WELL AS THE 58 FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED GENES WERE PARTIALLY LOCATED AT KEY POSITIONS IN PPI NETWORK, ESPECIALLY CXCL1, DDX58 AND JAK3. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY SUGGESTS CS EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCES DNA METHYLATED LEVEL, AND THE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONAL METHYLATED GENES ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO COMPLICATED INFLAMMATORY-IMMUNE RESPONSES, WHICH MAY PROVIDE SOME NEW EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE IN UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF CS-INDUCED AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN COPD.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4 1012  41 CIGARETTE SMOKE INDUCES DISTINCT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN LUNG CELLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD AND LUNG CANCER. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS)-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCES SEVERAL SIGNALING CASCADES, INCLUDING KINASES, WHICH RESULTS IN CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS (HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION AND HISTONE METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION). WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT CS INDUCES CHROMATIN REMODELING IN PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE PROMOTERS; HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING SITE-SPECIFIC HISTONE MARKS FORMED IN HISTONES H3 AND H4 DURING CS EXPOSURE IN LUNGS IN VIVO AND IN LUNG CELLS IN VITRO, WHICH CAN EITHER DRIVE GENE EXPRESSION OR REPRESSION, ARE NOT KNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CS EXPOSURE IN MOUSE AND HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (H292) CAN CAUSE SITE-SPECIFIC POSTTRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS (PTMS) THAT MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CS-INDUCED CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES. WE USED A BOTTOM-UP MASS SPECTROMETRY APPROACH TO IDENTIFY SOME POTENTIALLY NOVEL HISTONE MARKS, INCLUDING ACETYLATION, MONOMETHYLATION, AND DIMETHYLATION, IN SPECIFIC LYSINE AND ARGININE RESIDUES OF HISTONES H3 AND H4 IN MOUSE LUNGS AND H292 CELLS. WE FOUND THAT CS-INDUCED DISTINCT POSTTRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATION PATTERNS IN HISTONE H3 AND HISTONE H4 IN LUNG CELLS, WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS USABLE BIOMARKERS FOR CS-INDUCED CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES. THESE IDENTIFIED HISTONE MARKS (HISTONE H3 AND HISTONE H4) MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE EPIGENETIC STATE DURING THE PATHOGENESIS OF SMOKING-INDUCED CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES, SUCH AS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND LUNG CANCER.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5 1551  37 DNA METHYLATION IS GLOBALLY DISRUPTED AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION CHANGES IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE SMALL AIRWAYS. DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION THAT IS HIGHLY DISRUPTED IN RESPONSE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE AND INVOLVED IN A WIDE SPECTRUM OF MALIGNANT AND NONMALIGNANT DISEASES, BUT SURPRISINGLY NOT PREVIOUSLY ASSESSED IN SMALL AIRWAYS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). SMALL AIRWAYS ARE THE PRIMARY SITES OF AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION IN COPD. WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ARE DISRUPTED IN SMALL AIRWAY EPITHELIA OF PATIENTS WITH COPD, AND EVALUATE WHETHER CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THESE DISRUPTIONS. GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED ON SMALL AIRWAY EPITHELIAL DNA AND RNA OBTAINED FROM THE SAME PATIENT DURING BRONCHOSCOPY, USING ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM HM27 AND AFFYMETRIX'S GENECHIP HUMAN GENE 1.0 ST ARRAYS. TO CONTROL FOR KNOWN EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON DNA METHYLATION, METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN FORMER SMOKERS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD MATCHED FOR AGE, PACK-YEARS, AND YEARS OF SMOKING CESSATION. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS (1) A GENOME-WIDE PHENOMENON IN SMALL AIRWAYS OF PATIENTS WITH COPD, AND (2) ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES AND PATHWAYS IMPORTANT TO COPD, SUCH AS THE NF-E2-RELATED FACTOR 2 OXIDATIVE RESPONSE PATHWAY. DNA METHYLATION IS LIKELY AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO MODULATION OF GENES IMPORTANT TO COPD PATHOLOGY. BECAUSE THESE METHYLATION EVENTS MAY UNDERLIE DISEASE-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES, THEIR CHARACTERIZATION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVELOPING NOVEL EPIGENETIC THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS FOR COPD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
6 4899  24 OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATES THE APOPTOSIS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE BCL-2 PROMOTER VIA DNMT1 IN A CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED EMPHYSEMA MODEL. BACKGROUND: EMPHYSEMA IS A CRUCIAL PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). OXIDATIVE STRESS, APOPTOSIS AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF EMPHYSEMA. HOWEVER, AN ATTEMPT TO ACCURATELY IDENTIFY WHETHER THESE MECHANISMS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND HOW THEY ARE TRIGGERED HAS NEVER BEEN CONDUCTED. METHOD: THE TOTAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) LEVEL, PULMONARY APOPTOSIS AND B-CELL LYMPHOMA/LEUKEMIA-2 (BCL-2) EXPRESSION, AN APOPTOSIS REGULATOR, WERE DETECTED IN SAMPLES FROM COPD PATIENTS. BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR (BSP) WAS CONDUCTED TO OBSERVE THE ALTERATIONS IN THE METHYLATION OF THE BCL-2 PROMOTER IN SPECIMENS. THE DYSREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME 1 (DNMT1), A VITAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME, IN THE LUNGS OF PATIENTS WAS CONFIRMED THROUGH WESTERN BLOTTING. TO FIND OUT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DNA METHYLATION IN EMPHYSEMA, MOUSE MODELS WERE BUILT WITH ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT AND DNMT1 SILENCING, AND WERE EXAMINED WITH THE PULMONARY APOPTOSIS, BCL-2 AND DNMT1 LEVELS, AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF BCL-2. RESULTS: HIGHER ROS LEVELS AND PULMONARY APOPTOSIS WERE OBSERVED IN COPD PATIENTS THAN IN HEALTHY CONTROLS. DOWNREGULATED BCL-2 EXPRESSION WITH INCREASED PROMOTER METHYLATION AND DNMT1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION WAS FOUND IN COPD PATIENTS. ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT REDUCED THE LEVEL OF ROS, DNMT1 PROTEIN AND EMPHYSEMATOUS PROGRESSION IN THE SMOKING MODELS. FOLLOWING DNMT1 BLOCKADE, SMOKING MODELS SHOWED IMPROVED LUNG FUNCTION, PULMONARY APOPTOSIS, EMPHYSEMATOUS PROGRESSION, AND INCREASED BCL-2 PROTEIN LEVEL WITH LESS PROMOTER METHYLATION THAN EMPHYSEMA MICE. CONCLUSION: CIGARETTE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATES PULMONARY APOPTOSIS AND HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE BCL-2 PROMOTER IN EMPHYSEMA MODELS THROUGH DNMT1.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
7 5418  39 REGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES ON NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3 PATHWAY GENES AND TET ACTIVITY IN CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT-CHALLENGED CELLS/COPD EXACERBATION MODEL IN VITRO. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM. CURRENTLY, THERE IS A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PATHOBIOLOGY OF THIS DISEASE AND AVAILABLE THERAPIES ARE INEFFECTIVE. CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF COPD; HOWEVER, NOT ALL SMOKERS DEVELOP COPD. EXACERBATIONS OF COPD CAUSED BY MICROBES ARE COMMON AND DETRIMENTAL. APPROXIMATELY 20-50% OF PATIENT EXACERBATIONS ARE CAUSED BY BACTERIAL COLONIZATION IN THE LOWER AIRWAYS. IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, ESPECIALLY DNA METHYLATION, PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE DURING PROGRESSION OF COPD. THUS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS VARY SIGNIFICANTLY FOLLOWING SMOKE EXPOSURE AND DURING EXACERBATIONS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS, WE USED AN IN VITRO STUDY MODEL THAT MIMICS COPD EXACERBATIONS AND PERFORMED EXTENSIVE STUDIES TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF CPG PROMOTER METHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3-MEDIATED PATHWAY GENES. BOTH NF-KAPPAB AND STAT3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS PLAY CRITICAL ROLES IN ORCHESTRATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES DURING CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE. IN BRIEF, HUMAN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS WITH TYPE II ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM CHARACTERISTICS (A549) WERE CHALLENGED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE) OR DMSO (CONTROL) FOLLOWED BY A 3-H CHALLENGE WITH BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS; FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA) PRIOR TO THE TERMINATION OF CSE EXPOSURE (COPD EXACERBATION GROUP). THE PRODUCTION OF CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES, REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, AND DNA METHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES WERE THEN ASSESSED. WE ALSO STUDIED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCASES (TETS), THE ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE FOR DNA DEMETHYLATION, AND ASSESSED THEIR ROLE IN REGULATING DNA METHYLATION IN THE CSE-CHALLENGED GROUP. RESULTS: THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE RELEASE OF CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES (IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6 AND CCL5) IN THE COPD EXACERBATION GROUP AS COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP. HYPOMETHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB-MEDIATED PATHWAY GENES CORRELATED WITH THEIR INDUCTION IN OUR COPD EXACERBATION STUDY MODEL. FURTHER, WE OBSERVED AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF TET1/2 IN REGULATING THE DNA METHYLATION OF NF-KAPPAB, STAT3, IKK, AND NIK GENES AND CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION BY A549 CELLS DURING CSE CHALLENGE. CONCLUSIONS: STUDIES TO FURTHER DEFINE THE ROLE OF TETS IN CSE-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER AND MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR COPD.	2020	
                                 
8  348  38 ALTERED DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION IN PARENCHYMAL BUT NOT AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A HETEROGENEOUS DISEASE OF THE LUNGS THAT IS CURRENTLY THE FOURTH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE. GENETIC FACTORS ACCOUNT FOR ONLY A SMALL AMOUNT OF COPD RISK, BUT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO MEDIATE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION IS HIGHLY CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC, AND INDIVIDUAL CELL TYPE STUDIES OF DNA METHYLATION IN COPD ARE SPARSE. FIBROBLASTS ARE PRESENT WITHIN THE AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMA OF THE LUNG AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE ABERRANT DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN COPD. NO ASSESSMENT OR COMPARISON OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN THE AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD HAS BEEN UNDERTAKEN. THESE DATA PROVIDE VALUABLE INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO COPD AND THE DIFFERING PATHOLOGIES OF SMALL AIRWAYS DISEASE AND EMPHYSEMA IN COPD. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED AT OVER 485,000 CPG SITES USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY IN THE AIRWAY (NON-COPD N = 8, COPD N = 7) AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS (NON-COPD N = 17, COPD N = 29) ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD. TARGETED GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QPCR IN MATCHED RNA SAMPLES. RESULTS: DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA REGIONS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT COPD IN BOTH AIRWAY AND PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS. ONLY IN PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS WAS DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION. A SECOND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION VARIABILITY IDENTIFIED 359 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE CPG SITES IN PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS. NO DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE CPG SITES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS. FIVE DIFFERENTIALLY VARIABLE-METHYLATED CPG SITES, ASSOCIATED WITH THREE GENES, WERE SUBSEQUENTLY ASSESSED FOR GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES. TWO GENES (OAT AND GRIK2) DISPLAYED SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED GENE EXPRESSION IN CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH COPD. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENTIAL AND VARIABLE DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD STATUS IN THE PARENCHYMAL FIBROBLASTS BUT NOT AIRWAY FIBROBLASTS. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION IMPARTING BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION TO DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ARE THEREFORE IMPLICATED IN THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING COPD PATHOGENESIS AND MAY REPRESENT NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2018	

9 6474  28 TOBACCO HEATING SYSTEM 2.2 HAS A LIMITED IMPACT ON DNA METHYLATION OF CANDIDATE ENHANCERS IN MOUSE LUNG COMPARED WITH CIGARETTE SMOKE. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS) EXPOSURE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS, HOWEVER, THE IMPACT OF CS ON DNA METHYLATION AT GENOME-WIDE SCALE IS MISSING. HERE, WE USED WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF CS EXTRACT AND AEROSOL FROM THE TOBACCO HEATING SYSTEM (THS) 2.2, A CANDIDATE MODIFIED RISK TOBACCO PRODUCT, ON DNA METHYLATION IN LUNG AND LIVER TISSUES FROM APOLIPOPROTEIN E-DEFICIENT MICE DURING AN EIGHT-MONTH PERIOD OF EXPOSURE. WE FOUND THAT IN LUNG TISSUE, CS MAINLY INDUCED HYPERMETHYLATION OF CANDIDATE ENHANCERS AT LATE TIME POINTS, WHILE PROMOTERS WERE LESS AFFECTED. THIS EFFECT WAS STRONGLY REDUCED UPON CESSATION OR SWITCHING TO THS 2.2. BY CONTRAST, CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THS 2.2 HAD A LIMITED EFFECT ON DNA METHYLATION AT BOTH PROMOTERS AND ENHANCERS. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED MEMBERS OF THE ETS AND FOX FAMILIES OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AS POTENTIAL PLAYERS IN THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO CS EXPOSURE IN LUNG TISSUE. IN CONTRAST TO THE LUNG, DNA METHYLATION IN THE LIVER WAS LARGELY INSENSITIVE TO ALL INVESTIGATED EXPOSURES. IN SUMMARY, OUR INVESTIGATIONS INDICATE THAT CS-RELATED DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS ARE TISSUE-SPECIFIC, OCCUR MAINLY AT ENHANCERS AND ARE STRONGLY REDUCED UPON SMOKING CESSATION OR SWITCHING TO THS2.2.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10 3831  39 INVOLVEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF THE MTTFA COMPLEX IN T-HELPER CELLS OF PATIENTS' SUFFERING FROM NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC). HENCE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO UNCOVER THE LINK BETWEEN ALTERATIONS IN INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE LEVELS AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CD4(+)T CELLS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM COPD AND LUNG CANCER. WE ALSO INVESTIGATED THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MTTFA TO DELINEATE THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS-MEDIATED INFLAMMATION IN LUNG CANCER AND COPD. THE RT(2) PROFILER PCR ARRAY WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION PATTERN OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN CD4(+) T HELPER (TH) CELLS FROM COPD, NSCLC, AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. CANDIDATE INFLAMMATORY GENE LOCI WERE SELECTED AND THE ENRICHMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR AND HISTONE MODIFIERS WAS ANALYSED USING CHIP-QPCR. IN COMPARISON TO CONTROL SUBJECTS, A SET OF GENES (E.G., BMP2, CCL2, IL5, VEGFA, ETC.) ARE OVER-EXPRESSED WHEREAS ANOTHER SET OF GENES (E.G., AIMP1, IFNG, LTA, LTB, TNF, ETC.) ARE UNDER-EXPRESSED IN BOTH COPD AND NSCLC PATIENTS. THE INCREASED PERCENT ENRICHMENT OF INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS INCLUDING NF-KB, CREB, HIF1, AND MYC AT THE LOCI OF INFLAMMATORY GENES WAS REVEALED BY OUR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) DATA. H3K4ME3, H3K9ME3, H3K14AC, HDAC1, 2, 3, 6 ALL SHOWED DYSREGULATED ENRICHMENT AT THE VEGFA GENE LOCUS. ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, HISTONE METHYLATION, WAS FOUND TO BE ABNORMAL IN THE MTTFA COMPLEX IN COPD AND NSCLC PATIENTS IN COMPARISON TO CONTROLS. ALTHOUGH THERE IS MOUNTING EVIDENCE OF SEVERAL LINKS BETWEEN THESE DISORDERS, THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS REMAIN INADEQUATE. OUR FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES THAT USE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER AND HIGHLIGHT THE NEED FOR EPIGENETIC THERAPY FOR THESE DEBILITATING LUNG DISEASES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
11 3079  48 GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSES REVEAL THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE OF IMMUNE-RELATED DISEASES FOR TOBACCO SMOKING. BACKGROUND: SMOKING IS A MAJOR CAUSAL RISK FACTOR FOR LUNG CANCER, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), AND IS THE MAIN PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF DEATHS IN THE WORLD. THE COMPONENTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE ARE INVOLVED IN IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES, WHICH MAY INCREASE THE PREVALENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE-RELATED DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS LINKING SMOKING AND DISEASES HAVE NOT BEEN WELL EXPLORED. THIS STUDY WAS AIMED TO DEPICT A GLOBAL MAP OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES INDUCED BY TOBACCO SMOKING AND TO EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BETWEEN SMOKING AND HUMAN DISEASES THROUGH WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING (WGBS) AND RNA-SEQUENCING (RNA-SEQ). RESULTS: WE PERFORMED WGBS ON 72 SAMPLES (36 SMOKERS AND 36 NONSMOKERS) AND RNA-SEQ ON 75 SAMPLES (38 SMOKERS AND 37 NONSMOKERS), AND CYTOKINE IMMUNOASSAY ON PLASMA FROM 22 MALES (9 SMOKERS AND 13 NONSMOKERS) WHO WERE RECRUITED FROM THE CITY OF JINCHENG IN CHINA. BY COMPARING THE DATA OF THE TWO GROUPS, WE DISCOVERED A GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION LANDSCAPE OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES REVEALED THAT BOTH SMOKING-RELATED HYPER-DMR GENES (DMGS) AND HYPO-DMGS WERE RELATED TO SYNAPSE-RELATED PATHWAYS, WHEREAS THE HYPO-DMGS WERE SPECIFICALLY RELATED TO CANCER AND ADDICTION. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) REVEALED BY RNA-SEQ ANALYSIS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE "IMMUNOSUPPRESSION" PATHWAY. CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF DMRS WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING GENE EXPRESSION SHOWED THAT GENES AFFECTED BY TOBACCO SMOKING WERE MOSTLY RELATED TO IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES. FINALLY, BY COMPARING CYTOKINE CONCENTRATIONS BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS, WE FOUND THAT VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN SMOKERS. CONCLUSIONS: IN SUM, WE FOUND THAT SMOKING-INDUCED DMRS HAVE DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED AREAS BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS. WE FURTHER IDENTIFIED AND VERIFIED SMOKING-RELATED DMGS AND DEGS THROUGH MULTI-OMICS INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME DATA. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE US A COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC MAP OF THE MOLECULAR CHANGES INDUCED BY SMOKING WHICH WOULD ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE HARMS OF SMOKING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12 1528  31 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN REGIONAL LUNG MACROPHAGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC DIFFERENCES. A NUMBER OF PULMONARY DISEASES OCCUR WITH UPPER LOBE PREDOMINANCE, INCLUDING CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND SMOKING-RELATED CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. IN THE HEALTHY LUNG, SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGIC AND METABOLIC FACTORS EXHIBIT DISPARITY WHEN COMPARING THE UPPER LOBE OF THE LUNG TO LOWER LOBE, INCLUDING DIFFERENCES IN OXYGENATION, VENTILATION, LYMPHATIC FLOW, PH, AND BLOOD FLOW. IN THIS STUDY, WE ASKED WHETHER THESE REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE LUNG ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN LUNG MACROPHAGES THAT COULD POTENTIALLY LEAD TO ALTERED CELL RESPONSIVENESS UPON SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE. ALL ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED USING PRIMARY LUNG MACROPHAGES COLLECTED VIA BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FROM HEALTHY HUMAN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL PULMONARY FUNCTION. EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS EXAMINED VIA INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC (850K) ARRAY AND VALIDATED BY TARGETED NEXT-GENERATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING. WE OBSERVED 95 CPG LOCI WITH SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION IN LUNG MACROPHAGES, COMPARING UPPER LOBE TO LOWER LOBE (ALL FALSE DISCOVERY RATE < 0.05). SEVERAL OF THESE GENES, INCLUDING CLIP4, HSH2D, NR4A1, SNX10, AND TYK2, HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED AS PARTICIPANTS IN INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE-RELATED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. FUNCTIONALLY, WE IDENTIFIED PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN OXYGEN USE, COMPARING UPPER VERSUS LOWER LUNG MACROPHAGES. OUR RESULTS SUPPORT A HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY DNA METHYLATION, AT A MULTITUDE OF GENE LOCI IN LUNG MACROPHAGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC DIFFERENCES REGIONALLY IN LUNG.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13 2170  29 EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN RESPIRATORY MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. EPIGENETIC EVENTS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE LUNGS AND AIRWAYS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). MOREOVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THE SKELETAL (PERIPHERAL) MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION OF COPD PATIENTS. WHETHER EPIGENETIC EVENTS MAY ALSO REGULATE RESPIRATORY MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN COPD REMAINS UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS WOULD BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE MAIN INSPIRATORY MUSCLE (DIAPHRAGM) OF PATIENTS WITH COPD OF A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASE SEVERITY COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. IN DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE SPECIMENS (THORACOTOMY DUE TO LUNG LOCALIZED NEOPLASMS) OF SEDENTARY PATIENTS WITH MILD-TO-MODERATE AND SEVERE COPD, WITH PRESERVED BODY COMPOSITION, AND SEDENTARY HEALTHY CONTROLS, EXPRESSION OF MUSCLE-ENRICHED MICRORNAS, HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND DEACETYLASES (HDACS), TOTAL DNA METHYLATION AND PROTEIN ACETYLATION, SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER (SUMO) LIGASES, MUSCLE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, AND MUSCLE STRUCTURE WERE EXPLORED. ALL SUBJECTS WERE ALSO CLINICALLY EVALUATED: LUNG AND MUSCLE FUNCTIONS AND EXERCISE CAPACITY. COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS, PATIENTS EXHIBITED MODERATE AIRFLOW LIMITATION AND DIFFUSION CAPACITY, AND REDUCED EXERCISE TOLERANCE AND TRANSDIAPHRAGMATIC STRENGTH. MOREOVER, IN THE DIAPHRAGM OF THE COPD PATIENTS, MUSCLE-SPECIFIC MICRORNA EXPRESSION WAS DOWNREGULATED, WHILE HDAC4 AND MYOCYTE ENHANCER FACTOR (MEF)2C PROTEIN LEVELS WERE HIGHER, AND DNA METHYLATION LEVELS, MUSCLE FIBER TYPES AND SIZES DID NOT DIFFER BETWEEN PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. IN THE MAIN RESPIRATORY MUSCLE OF COPD PATIENTS WITH A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASE SEVERITY AND NORMAL BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCLE-SPECIFIC MICRORNAS WERE DOWNREGULATED, WHILE HDAC4 AND MEF2C LEVELS WERE UPREGULATED. IT IS LIKELY THAT THESE EPIGENETIC EVENTS ACT AS BIOLOGICAL ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS TO BETTER OVERCOME THE CONTINUOUS INSPIRATORY LOADS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN COPD. THESE FINDINGS MAY OFFER NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO SPECIFICALLY TARGET RESPIRATORY MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH COPD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
14 6839  31 [LUNG CANCER AND ITS EPIGENETICS ASSOCIATION WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE]. LUNG CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) ARE THE LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WORLDWIDE. DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG CANCER INVOLVES BOTH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENT FACTORS. IN ADDITION TO GENETIC ALTERATIONS, EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS CLOSELY INVOLVED IN PATHOGENESIS OF LUNG CANCER. CHARACTERIZED BY AN ABNORMAL PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO NOXIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION, COPD HAS SHOWN TO INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR LUNG TUMORIGENESIS IN PREVIOUS RESEARCH. CURRENT RESEARCH ON EPIGENETICS OF LUNG CANCER AND COPD HAS FOCUSED ON ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE ACETYLATION AND NON-CODING RNAS REGULATION. THE ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG CANCER AND COPD HAS INCLUDED OVEREXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE, GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN PROMOTER REGIONS, WHILE HISTONE ACETYLATION AND HISTONE METHYLATION ARE THE MAJOR CHANGES FOR HISTONE MODIFICATION, IN WHICH HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES, HISTONE DEACETYLASES, HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASES AND HISTONE DEMETHYLASES PLAY THE MOST IMPORTANT ROLES. RNA INTERFERENCE AND MICRORNAS ARE BOTH HOT TOPICS OF RESEARCH ON NON-CODING RNAS REGULATION. UNDERSTANDING OF CONCURRENT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LUNG CANCER AND COPD MAY FACILITATE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15 2161  27 EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION MAY AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE INFLAMMATORY GENES IN LUNGS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). MAJOR EPIGENETIC EVENTS INCLUDE DNA METHYLATION AND VARIOUS POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONES, SUCH AS HISTONE METHYLATION, ACETYLATION, PHOSPHORYLATION, UBIQUITINATION, AND SUMOYLATION. ENZYMES WHICH REGULATE THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS CAN BE ACTIVATED BY SMOKING. BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS PLAY SIGNIFICANT EFFECT IN DEVELOPMENT OF COPD WHICH HAVE BEEN REPORTED BY MOST REFERENCES; HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE DISEASE. UNDERSTANDING THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CAN HELP US CLARIFY THE PATHOGENESIS OF COPD AND IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGETS FOR DEVELOPING NEW THERAPIES FOR PATIENTS WITH COPD.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16 2493  36 EPIGENETICS AND CHROMATIN REMODELING PLAY A ROLE IN LUNG DISEASE. EPIGENETICS IS DEFINED AS HERITABLE CHANGES THAT AFFECT GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING THE DNA SEQUENCE. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IS FACILITATED THROUGH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND RNA-ASSOCIATED SILENCING BY SMALL NON-CODING RNAS. ALL THESE MECHANISMS ARE CRUCIAL FOR NORMAL DEVELOPMENT, DIFFERENTIATION AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC GENE EXPRESSION. THESE THREE SYSTEMS INTERACT AND STABILIZE ONE ANOTHER AND CAN INITIATE AND SUSTAIN EPIGENETIC SILENCING, THUS DETERMINING HERITABLE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION. HISTONE ACETYLATION REGULATES DIVERSE CELLULAR FUNCTIONS INCLUDING INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION, DNA REPAIR AND CELL PROLIFERATION. TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATORS POSSESS INTRINSIC HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND THIS ACTIVITY DRIVES INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION. ELEVEN CLASSICAL HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ACT TO REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF DISTINCT SUBSETS OF INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNE GENES. THUS, LOSS OF HDAC ACTIVITY OR THE PRESENCE OF HDAC INHIBITORS CAN FURTHER ENHANCE INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION BY PRODUCING A GENE-SPECIFIC CHANGE IN HAT ACTIVITY. FOR EXAMPLE, HDAC2 EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY ARE REDUCED IN LUNG MACROPHAGES, BIOPSY SPECIMENS, AND BLOOD CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ASTHMA AND SMOKING ASTHMATICS, AS WELL AS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THIS MAY ACCOUNT, AT LEAST IN PART, FOR THE ENHANCED INFLAMMATION AND REDUCED STEROID RESPONSIVENESS SEEN IN THESE PATIENTS. OTHER PROTEINS, PARTICULARLY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, ARE ALSO ACETYLATED AND ARE TARGETS FOR DEACETYLATION BY HDACS AND SIRTUINS, A RELATED FAMILY OF 7 PREDOMINANTLY PROTEIN DEACETYLASES. THUS THE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION STATUS OF NF-KAPPAB AND THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR CAN ALSO AFFECT THE OVERALL EXPRESSION PATTERN OF INFLAMMATORY GENES AND REGULATE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. UNDERSTANDING AND TARGETING SPECIFIC ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS MIGHT LEAD TO NEW THERAPEUTIC AGENTS, PARTICULARLY IN SITUATIONS IN WHICH CURRENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPIES ARE SUBOPTIMAL.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17 3149  36 GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED FINGERPRINTS ON VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME. CONTEXT: CHRONIC GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) OVEREXPOSURE, RESULTING FROM ENDOGENOUS CUSHING'S SYNDROME (CS) OR EXOGENOUS GC THERAPY, CAUSES SEVERAL ADVERSE OUTCOMES, INCLUDING PERSISTENT CENTRAL FAT ACCUMULATION ASSOCIATED WITH A LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, NO PREVIOUS MULTIOMICS STUDIES IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE (VAT) FROM PATIENTS EXPOSED TO HIGH LEVELS OF UNSUPPRESSED GC DURING ACTIVE CS OR AFTER REMISSION ARE AVAILABLE YET. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE PERSISTENT VAT TRANSCRIPTOMIC ALTERATIONS AND EPIGENETIC FINGERPRINTS INDUCED BY CHRONIC HYPERCORTISOLISM. METHODS: WE EMPLOYED A TRANSLATIONAL APPROACH COMBINING HIGH-THROUGHPUT DATA ON ENDOGENOUS CS PATIENTS AND A REVERSIBLE CS MOUSE MODEL. WE PERFORMED RNA SEQUENCING AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING ON HISTONE MODIFICATIONS (H3K4ME3, H3K27AC, AND H3K27ME3) TO IDENTIFY PERSISTENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN VAT PRODUCED DURING ACTIVE CS AND MAINTAINED AFTER REMISSION. RESULTS: VAT DYSFUNCTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-GRADE PROINFLAMMATORY STATUS, MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING. MOST NOTABLY, CHRONIC HYPERCORTISOLISM CAUSED A PERSISTENT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISRUPTION IN VAT THROUGH CORE CLOCK GENES MODULATION. IMPORTANTLY, CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF 2 HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED TO GENE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION (H3K4ME3 AND H3K27AC) CORRELATED WITH THE OBSERVED DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION DURING ACTIVE CS AND AFTER CS REMISSION. CONCLUSION: WE IDENTIFIED FOR THE FIRST TIME THE PERSISTENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES INDUCED BY HYPERCORTISOLISM IN VAT, PROVIDING A NOVEL INTEGRATED VIEW OF MOLECULAR COMPONENTS DRIVING THE LONG-TERM VAT IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18 3308  36 HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILING IDENTIFIES NOVEL REGULATORS OF COPD. PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) ARE STILL WAITING FOR CURATIVE TREATMENTS. CONSIDERING ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSE, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT COPD WILL BE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNALING IN LUNG CELLS. WE GENERATED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION MAPS AT SINGLE CPG RESOLUTION OF PRIMARY HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS (HLFS) ACROSS COPD STAGES. WE SHOW THAT THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE IS CHANGED EARLY IN COPD, WITH DNA METHYLATION CHANGES OCCURRING PREDOMINANTLY IN REGULATORY REGIONS. RNA SEQUENCING OF MATCHED FIBROBLASTS DEMONSTRATED DYSREGULATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROLIFERATION, DNA REPAIR, AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION. DATA INTEGRATION IDENTIFIED 110 CANDIDATE REGULATORS OF DISEASE PHENOTYPES THAT WERE LINKED TO FIBROBLAST REPAIR PROCESSES USING PHENOTYPIC SCREENS. OUR STUDY PROVIDES HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTI-OMIC MAPS OF HLFS ACROSS COPD STAGES. WE REVEAL NOVEL TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH COPD ONSET AND PROGRESSION AND IDENTIFY NEW CANDIDATE REGULATORS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES. THE PRESENCE OF VARIOUS EPIGENETIC FACTORS AMONG THE CANDIDATES DEMONSTRATES THAT EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN COPD IS AN EXCITING RESEARCH FIELD THAT HOLDS PROMISE FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES FOR PATIENTS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
19 1269  33 CYTOSINE METHYLATION CHANGES IN ENHANCER REGIONS OF CORE PRO-FIBROTIC GENES CHARACTERIZE KIDNEY FIBROSIS DEVELOPMENT. BACKGROUND: ONE IN ELEVEN PEOPLE IS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY KIDNEY FIBROSIS AND PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF KIDNEY FUNCTION. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDICATE THAT ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE AND POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENTS HAVE A LONG-LASTING ROLE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. EPIGENETIC INFORMATION REPRESENTS A PLAUSIBLE CARRIER FOR MEDIATING THIS PROGRAMMING EFFECT. HERE WE DEMONSTRATE THAT GENOME-WIDE CYTOSINE METHYLATION PATTERNS OF HEALTHY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TUBULE SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS SHOW SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND VALIDATE THESE IN A LARGE REPLICATION DATASET. THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ARE RARELY OBSERVED ON PROMOTERS, BUT MOSTLY OVERLAP WITH PUTATIVE ENHANCER REGIONS, AND THEY ARE ENRICHED IN CONSENSUS BINDING SEQUENCES FOR IMPORTANT RENAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. THIS INDICATES THEIR IMPORTANCE IN GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. A CORE SET OF GENES THAT ARE KNOWN TO BE RELATED TO KIDNEY FIBROSIS, INCLUDING GENES ENCODING COLLAGENS, SHOW CYTOSINE METHYLATION CHANGES CORRELATING WITH DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPT LEVELS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR REPORT RAISES THE POSSIBILITY THAT EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION PLAYS A ROLE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE DEVELOPMENT VIA INFLUENCING CORE PRO-FIBROTIC PATHWAYS AND CAN AID THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND FUTURE THERAPEUTICS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20  880  30 CHRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED EPIGENOMIC CHANGES PRECEDE SENSITIZATION OF BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS TO SINGLE-STEP TRANSFORMATION BY KRAS MUTATIONS. WE DEFINE HOW CHRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKE-INDUCED TIME-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS CAN SENSITIZE HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FOR TRANSFORMATION BY A SINGLE ONCOGENE. THE SMOKE-INDUCED CHROMATIN CHANGES INCLUDE INITIAL REPRESSIVE POLYCOMB MARKING OF GENES, LATER MANIFESTING ABNORMAL DNA METHYLATION BY 10 MONTHS. AT THIS TIME, CELLS EXHIBIT EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL CHANGES, ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH, AND UPREGULATED RAS/MAPK SIGNALING WITH SILENCING OF HYPERMETHYLATED GENES, WHICH NORMALLY INHIBIT THESE PATHWAYS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING-RELATED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. THESE CELLS, IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY DRIVER GENE MUTATIONS, NOW TRANSFORM BY INTRODUCING A SINGLE KRAS MUTATION AND FORM ADENOSQUAMOUS LUNG CARCINOMAS IN MICE. THUS, EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES MAY PRIME FOR CHANGING ONCOGENE SENESCENCE TO ADDICTION FOR A SINGLE KEY ONCOGENE INVOLVED IN LUNG CANCER INITIATION.	2017