1 3553 168 IMMUNOTOLERANCE OF DAIRY HEIFERS IN RESPONSE TO REPEATED EXPOSURE TO BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXIN. DAIRY CATTLE FACE A VARIETY OF STRESSFUL EVENTS ON A DAILY BASIS. MORE SPECIFICALLY, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS RESULTED IN MORE FREQUENT HEAT STRESS EVENTS THAT INCREASE THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS BY INDUCING CONDITIONS LIKE LEAKY GUT SYNDROME, WHEREBY THE INTEGRITY OF THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM IS COMPROMISED ALLOWING FOR LUMINAL BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ENDOTOXIN TO INFILTRATE THE HOST'S BLOODSTREAM RESULTING IN ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC STIMULATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM. REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LPS OVER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME IS REPORTED TO INDUCE IMMUNOTOLERANCE WITHIN THE HOST. THIS LPS TOLERANCE IS AN ESSENTIAL IMMUNOHOMEOSTATIC RESPONSE THAT CAN PROTECT AGAINST OVER ACTIVATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING SUBSEQUENT EXPOSURE TO LPS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, HOLSTEIN CALVES (N = 20) WERE INITIALLY STRESS CHALLENGED WITH EITHER SALINE, OR 100, 200 OR 400 NG/KG OF LPS ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULAR, AND AGAIN RE-CHALLENGED WITH 200 NG/KG OF LPS 2-WEEKS LATER. SERUM WAS COLLECTED EVERY 2 HR FOR 6 HR TO PROFILE CHANGES IN CIRCULATORY STRESS BIOMARKERS AFTER THE REPEATED LPS EXPOSURES. HEIFERS THAT WERE INITIALLY CHALLENGED WITH 100, 200 AND 400 NG/KG OF LPS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANTLY ATTENUATED CORTISOL RESPONSES IN THE SECOND CHALLENGE (P < 0.01, 0.01 AND 0.05, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS CONTROL ANIMALS WHO PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED SALINE DEMONSTRATED A STRONG CORTISOL RESPONSE AT 2 HR AFTER RECEIVING 200 NG/KG OF LPS (P < 0.05). THE CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE (IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4) RESPONSES WERE ALSO ATTENUATED DURING THE LPS RECHALLENGE (P < 0.05). FINALLY, MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED TO ASSESS THE EPIGENETIC RESPONSE TO REPEATED LPS EXPOSURE. INTERESTINGLY, MIR-31 AND MIR-223 WERE DOWNREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO THE SECOND LPS CHALLENGE. THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE STRESS RESPONSE IN DAIRY CATTLE AS IT RELATES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LPS TOLERANCE. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES OF VARIOUS STRESS BIOMARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF INNATE IMMUNE CELL TOLERANCE IS ESSENTIAL FOR EVALUATING THEIR IMPACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM HOMEOSTASIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2 5305  38 PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS OF HUMAN OBESITY REVEALS THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR HDAC4 AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR OBESITY. SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND EXCESSIVE ENERGY INTAKE ARE PROMINENT CONTRIBUTORS TO OBESITY; A MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. ELUCIDATING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE CHRONIC CONDITIONS IS OF RELEVANT IMPORTANCE AS IT MIGHT LEAD TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL ANTI-OBESITY TARGETS. THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED PROTEINS BETWEEN LEAN AND OBESE SUBJECTS THROUGH A SHOT-GUN QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS APPROACH USING PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) EXTRACTS AS WELL AS POTENTIAL MODULATION OF THOSE PROTEINS BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. USING THIS APPROACH, A TOTAL OF 47 PROTEINS SHOWED AT LEAST 1.5 FOLD CHANGE BETWEEN LEAN AND OBESE SUBJECTS. IN OBESE, THE PROTEOMIC PROFILING BEFORE AND AFTER 3 MONTHS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF 38 PROTEINS. THROMBOSPONDIN 1 (TSP1) WAS AMONG THE PROTEINS THAT WERE UPREGULATED IN OBESE SUBJECTS AND THEN DECREASED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. CONVERSELY, THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4 (HDAC4) WAS DOWNREGULATED IN OBESE SUBJECTS AND THEN INDUCED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. THE PROTEOMIC DATA WAS FURTHER VALIDATED BY QRT-PCR, WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN BOTH PBMCS AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. WE ALSO SHOWED THAT HDAC4 LEVELS CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (VO2 MAX) BUT NEGATIVELY WITH BODY MASS INDEX, PERCENT BODY FAT, AND THE INFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINE RANTES. IN FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS, OUR DATA INDICATED THAT ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF HDAC4 SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRED TNF-ALPHA-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF NF-KAPPAB, ESTABLISHING THUS A LINK BETWEEN HDAC4 AND REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. TOGETHER, THE EXPRESSION PATTERN OF HDAC4 IN OBESE SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER PHYSICAL EXERCISE, ITS CORRELATION WITH VARIOUS PHYSICAL, CLINICAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS ALONG WITH ITS INHIBITORY EFFECT ON NF-KAPPAB ARE SUGGESTIVE OF A PROTECTIVE ROLE OF HDAC4 AGAINST OBESITY. HDAC4 COULD THEREFORE REPRESENT A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND PRESUMABLY INSULIN RESISTANCE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3 5592  34 ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA IN THE HUMAN SYSTEMIC ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTOME. TNFALPHA HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES TO INHIBIT TNFALPHA IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS HAVE SHOWN CONTRASTING OUTCOMES. ALTHOUGH TNFALPHA INHIBITORS ARE WIDELY USED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, THE IMPACT OF TNFALPHA ANTAGONISM ON WHITE BLOOD CELL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES DURING ACUTE INFLAMMATION IN HUMANS IN VIVO HAS NOT BEEN ASSESSED. WE HERE LEVERAGED THE ESTABLISHED MODEL OF HUMAN ENDOTOXEMIA TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TNFALPHA ANTAGONIST, ETANERCEPT, ON THE GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES IN CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTES INDUCED BY INTRAVENOUS LPS ADMINISTRATION IN MALE SUBJECTS. ETANERCEPT PRE-TREATMENT RESULTED IN A MARKEDLY DAMPENED TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO LPS. GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED THIS LPS-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTOME CAN BE CATEGORIZED AS TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE AND NON-RESPONSIVE MODULES. HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE MODULES INCLUDE NF-KB SIGNALING, ANTIVIRAL RESPONSES AND T-CELL MEDIATED RESPONSES. WITHIN THESE TNFALPHA RESPONSIVE MODULES WE DELINEATE FUNDAMENTAL GENES INVOLVED IN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, TRANSCRIPTIONAL INITIATION AND ELONGATION. THUS, WE PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT MOLECULAR PATHWAYS THAT MIGHT BE TARGETED BY THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS THAT SEEK TO INHIBIT TNFALPHA ACTIVITY DURING HUMAN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
4 3936  34 LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREA FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES ACCELERATES EPIGENETIC AGE. INFLAMMAGING IS A LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATORY STATE GENERATED BY THE AGING PROCESS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO FRAILTY AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES IN THE ELDERLY. HOWEVER, IT CAN HAVE DISTINCT EFFECTS IN THE ELDERLY LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREAS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES. AN INCREASED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MAY CONFER PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN THESE AREAS, ALTHOUGH THIS ADVANTAGE CAN CAUSE ACCELERATING EPIGENETIC AGING. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE INFLAMMATORY PROFILE AND THE EPIGENETIC AGE OF INFECTED AND NONINFECTED INDIVIDUALS FROM AN ENDEMIC AREA IN BRAZIL. THE PROFILE OF CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS ANALYZED IN THE SERA OF THE TWO GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS SHOWED SIMILARITIES, ALTHOUGH INFECTED INDIVIDUALS HAD A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF THESE MEDIATORS. A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN IL-1RA, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3 AND CCL4 PRODUCTION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LEPROSY INFECTION. NOTABLY, ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS DISPLAYED DISTINCT IMMUNE RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR INFECTION STATUS WHEN COMPARED TO ADULTS SUGGESTING AN ADAPTIVE REMODELLING OF THEIR IMMUNE RESPONSES. EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS ALSO SHOWED THAT THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN EPIGENETIC AGE BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS. HOWEVER, INDIVIDUALS FROM THE ENDEMIC AREA HAD A SIGNIFICANT ACCELERATED AGING WHEN COMPARED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM SAO PAULO, A NON-ENDEMIC AREA IN BRAZIL. MOREOVER, THE LATTER COHORT WAS ALSO EPIGENETICALLY AGED IN RELATION TO AN ITALIAN COHORT. OUR DATA SHOWS THAT LIVING IN ENDEMIC AREAS FOR CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESULTS IN REMODELLING OF INFLAMMAGING AND ACCELERATION OF EPIGENETIC AGING IN INDIVIDUALS REGARDLESS OF THEIR INFECTIOUS STATUS. IT ALSO HIGHLIGHTS THAT GEOGRAPHICAL, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE AGING AND IMMUNOSENESCENCE IN THEIR PACE AND PROFILE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5 3342  32 HISTONE DEACETYLASE9 REPRESENTS THE EPIGENETIC PROMOTION OF M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE VIA TLR4 REGULATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MEDIATED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, WHERE EPIGENETIC REGULATION INVOLVING HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS ENVISAGED TO MODULATE THE EXPRESSION OF RELATED PROTEINS BY REGULATING THE BINDING OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS TO DNA, THEREBY INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THE MECHANISM OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION IS PARTLY KNOWN; HENCE, THIS PROJECT AIMED AT INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDAC9) IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, SERUM WAS SEPARATED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES FOLLOWING CLOTTING AND CENTRIFUGATION FROM ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND HEALTHY PATIENTS (N = 40 EACH), AND THEN, VARIOUS TESTS WERE PERFORMED. THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 (TLR4) WAS NOT ONLY POSITIVELY CORRELATED TO THE HDAC9 GENE, BUT WAS ALSO UPREGULATED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHERE IT WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS CELL MODEL OF OXIDIZED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-INDUCED MACROPHAGES. CONVERSELY, THE TLR4 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN INSTANCES OF LOSS OF HDAC9 FUNCTION, CEMENTING THE BRIDGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HDAC9 AND MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION, WHERE THE HDAC9 WAS FOUND TO UPREGULATE M1 MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION WHICH TRANSLATED INTO THE RELEASE OF HIGHER CONTENT OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES SUCH AS INTERLEUKIN-1BETA (IL-1BETA) AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA), WHICH TEND TO SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASE FOLLOWING THE DELETION OF TLR4. HENCE, THIS STUDY REPORTS NOVEL RELATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, WHICH COULD PARTLY BE EXPLAINED BY HISTONE DEACETYLATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6 6764  32 ZINC DEFICIENCY ENHANCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE BY INCREASING IMMUNE CELL ACTIVATION AND INDUCING IL6 PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION. SCOPE: ZINC DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION AND PROMOTES SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY ON CELLULAR IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT PROMOTE INFLAMMATION. THIS WORK IS POTENTIALLY RELEVANT TO THE AGING POPULATION GIVEN THAT AGE-RELATED IMMUNE DEFECTS, INCLUDING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, COINCIDE WITH DECLINING ZINC STATUS. METHODS AND RESULTS: AN IN VITRO CELL CULTURE SYSTEM AND THE AGED MOUSE MODEL WERE USED TO CHARACTERIZE IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND DNA METHYLATION PROFILES THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE ENHANCED PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE MEDIATED BY ZINC DEFICIENCY. ZINC DEFICIENCY UPREGULATED CELL ACTIVATION MARKERS ICAM1, MHC CLASS II, AND CD86 IN THP1 CELLS, WHICH COINCIDED WITH INCREASED IL1BETA AND IL6 RESPONSES FOLLOWING LPS STIMULATION. A DECREASED ZINC STATUS IN AGED MICE WAS SIMILARLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ICAM1 AND IL6 GENE EXPRESSION. REDUCED IL6 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN ZINC-DEFICIENT THP1 CELLS, AS WELL AS IN AGED MICE AND HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL LINES DERIVED FROM AGED INDIVIDUALS. CONCLUSION: ZINC DEFICIENCY INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN PART BY ELICITING ABERRANT IMMUNE CELL ACTIVATION AND ALTERED PROMOTER METHYLATION. OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ZINC STATUS, EPIGENETICS, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND HOW THEIR DYSREGULATION COULD CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
7  948  27 CHRONIC METABOLIC DERANGEMENT-INDUCED COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND NEUROTOXICITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH REST INACTIVATION. CHRONIC METABOLIC ALTERATIONS MAY REPRESENT A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, DEMENTIA, OR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. HYPERGLYCEMIA AND OBESITY ARE KNOWN TO IMPRINT EPIGENETIC MARKERS THAT COMPROMISE THE PROPER EXPRESSION OF CELL SURVIVAL GENES. HERE, WE SHOWED THAT CHRONIC HYPERGLYCEMIA (60 DAYS) INDUCED BY A SINGLE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF STREPTOZOTOCIN COMPROMISED COGNITION BY REDUCING HIPPOCAMPAL ERK SIGNALING AND BY INDUCING NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS. THE MECHANISMS APPEAR TO BE LINKED TO REDUCED ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AND DIMINISHED EXPRESSION OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REST. THE IMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADIPOSITY AND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION ON REST EXPRESSION WAS ALSO DEMONSTRATED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN OBESE CHILDREN WITH REDUCED LEVELS OF BLOOD ASCORBATE. THE REVERSIBLE NATURE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND THE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT REPORTED IN OBESE CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS SUGGEST THAT THE CORRECTION OF THE ANTHROPOMETRY AND THE PERIPHERAL METABOLIC ALTERATIONS WOULD PROTECT BRAIN HOMEOSTASIS AND REDUCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8 1357  36 DEVELOPMENT OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY BY NON-IMMUNE CELLS DURING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION DEPENDS ON REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. INTRODUCTION: THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY (TRAINED IMMUNITY) COMPRISE EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS OF INTRACELLULAR METABOLISM. WHILE THE MECHANISMS OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY CARRIED OUT BY IMMUNE CELLS ARE WELL CHARACTERIZED, SUCH PROCESSES IN NON-IMMUNE CELLS, ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A MULTITUDE OF HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING PNEUMONIA, ENDOCARDITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS, AS WELL AS ANIMAL INFECTIONS, INCLUDING CHRONIC CATTLE MASTITIS THAT ARE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO TREAT. AN INDUCTION OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY MAY BE CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVE TO FIGHT S. AUREUS INFECTION. METHODS: IN THE CURRENT WORK, WE DEMONSTRATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN NON-IMMUNE CELLS DURING S. AUREUS INFECTION EMPLOYING A COMBINATION OF TECHNIQUES INCLUDING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA), MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, AND CYTOMETRY. RESULTS: WE OBSERVED THAT TRAINING OF HUMAN OSTEOBLAST-LIKE MG-63 CELLS AND LUNG EPITHELIAL A549 CELLS WITH BETA-GLUCAN INCREASED IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION UPON A STIMULATION WITH S. AUREUS, CONCOMITANT WITH HISTONES MODIFICATIONS. IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH AN ACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 27 (H3K27), THUS SUGGESTING EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN THESE CELLS. AN ADDITION OF THE ROS SCAVENGER N-ACETYLCYSTEINE, NAC, PRIOR TO BETA-GLUCAN PRETREATMENT FOLLOWED BY AN EXPOSURE TO S. AUREUS, RESULTED IN DECREASED IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION, THEREBY SUPPORTING THE INVOLVEMENT OF ROS IN THE INDUCTION OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY. EXPOSURE OF CELLS TO LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS RESULTED IN INCREASED IL-6 AND IL-8 PRODUCTION BY MG-63 AND A549 CELLS UPON A STIMULATION WITH S. AUREUS THAT WAS CORRELATED WITH H3K27 ACETYLATION, SUGGESTING THE ABILITY OF THIS BENEFICIAL BACTERIUM TO INDUCE INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY. DISCUSSION: THIS WORK IMPROVES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN NON-IMMUNE CELLS IN THE CONTEXT OF S. AUREUS INFECTION. IN ADDITION TO KNOWN INDUCERS, PROBIOTICS MAY REPRESENT GOOD CANDIDATES FOR THE INDUCTION OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY. OUR FINDINGS MAY HELP THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR THE PREVENTION OF S. AUREUS INFECTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                             
9  706  46 BUTYRATE AND DIETARY SOLUBLE FIBER IMPROVE NEUROINFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH AGING IN MICE. AGING RESULTS IN CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION THAT CAN ALTER NEUROINFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. SPECIFICALLY, MICROGLIA SHIFT TO A PRO-INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE PREDISPOSING THEM TO HYPERACTIVATION UPON STIMULATION BY PERIPHERAL IMMUNE SIGNALS. IT IS PROPOSED THAT CERTAIN NUTRIENTS CAN DELAY BRAIN AGING BY PREVENTING OR REVERSING MICROGLIAL HYPERACTIVATION. BUTYRATE, A SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACID (SCFA) PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY BACTERIAL FERMENTATION OF FIBER IN THE COLON, HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED PHARMACOLOGICALLY AS A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR AND SERVES AS AN ATTRACTIVE THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATE, AS BUTYRATE HAS ALSO BEEN SHOWN TO BE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND IMPROVE MEMORY IN ANIMAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT BUTYRATE CAN ATTENUATE PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN MICROGLIA IN AGED MICE. IT IS STILL NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD, HOWEVER, IF AN INCREASE IN BUTYRATE-PRODUCING BACTERIA IN THE GUT AS A CONSEQUENCE OF A DIET HIGH IN SOLUBLE FIBER COULD AFFECT MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION DURING AGING. ADULT AND AGED MICE WERE FED EITHER A 1% CELLULOSE (LOW FIBER) OR 5% INULIN (HIGH FIBER) DIET FOR 4 WEEKS. FINDINGS INDICATE THAT MICE FED INULIN HAD AN ALTERED GUT MICROBIOME AND INCREASED BUTYRATE, ACETATE, AND TOTAL SCFA PRODUCTION. IN ADDITION, HISTOLOGICAL SCORING OF THE DISTAL COLON DEMONSTRATED THAT AGED ANIMALS ON THE LOW FIBER DIET HAD INCREASED INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE THAT WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN ANIMALS CONSUMING THE HIGH FIBER DIET. FURTHERMORE, GENE EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS, EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, AND THE MICROGLIAL SENSORY APPARATUS (I.E., THE SENSOME) WERE ALTERED BY BOTH DIET AND AGE, WITH AGED ANIMALS EXHIBITING A MORE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MICROGLIAL PROFILE ON THE HIGH FIBER DIET. TAKEN TOGETHER, HIGH FIBER SUPPLEMENTATION IN AGING IS A NON-INVASIVE STRATEGY TO INCREASE BUTYRATE LEVELS, AND THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT AN INCREASE IN BUTYRATE THROUGH ADDED SOLUBLE FIBER SUCH AS INULIN COULD COUNTERBALANCE THE AGE-RELATED MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO NEUROLOGICAL BENEFITS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
10 3981  35 LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC THERAPY WITH ORAL ZEBULARINE HAS MINIMAL SIDE EFFECTS AND PREVENTS INTESTINAL TUMORS IN MICE. RECENT SUCCESSES IN THE APPLICATION OF EPIGENETIC DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME HAVE RAISED QUESTIONS ON THE SAFETY OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF DNA METHYLATION INHIBITORS. WE TREATED PREWEANED CANCER PRONE APC(MIN/+) (MIN) MICE CONTINUOUSLY WITH THE DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR ZEBULARINE IN THEIR DRINKING WATER TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG ON NORMAL MOUSE DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS CANCER PREVENTION. ZEBULARINE CAUSED A TISSUE-SPECIFIC REDUCTION IN DNA METHYLATION AT B1 SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS IN THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES OF FEMALE MIN MICE BUT NOT IN OTHER ORGANS EXAMINED AFTER CHRONIC ORAL TREATMENT. NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE AVERAGE WEIGHTS OF MICE WAS OBSERVED DURING THE TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION OF COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE FEMALES INDICATED THAT ONLY 3% TO 6% OF THE GENES WERE AFFECTED IN THEIR EXPRESSION. WE DID NOT DETECT TOXICITY AND ABNORMALITIES FROM THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF LIVER AND INTESTINAL TISSUES. LASTLY, WE TESTED WHETHER PREVENTION OF TUMORIGENESIS CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH CHRONIC ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ZEBULARINE IN MIN MICE. THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF POLYPS IN MIN FEMALES DECREASED FROM 58 TO 1, WHEREAS THE AVERAGE POLYP NUMBER REMAINED UNAFFECTED IN MIN MALES POSSIBLY DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVITY OF ALDEHYDE OXIDASE. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SHOW FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT LONG-TERM ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ZEBULARINE CAUSES A GENDER-SPECIFIC ABROGATION OF INTESTINAL TUMORS WHILE CAUSING A TISSUE-SPECIFIC DNA DEMETHYLATION. IMPORTANTLY, PROLONGED TREATMENT OF MICE WITH EPIGENETIC DRUGS RESULTED IN ONLY MINOR DEVELOPMENTAL AND HISTOLOGIC CHANGES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11 6418  46 THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN IN HUMANS. BACKGROUND: MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) CAN MODULATE SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, INCLUDING THE PAIN SYSTEM. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AS A MARKER FOR EPIGENETIC CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER AN ACUTE, EXPERIMENTAL, PAIN PROVOCATION BY INTRAMUSCULAR HYPERTONIC SALINE INJECTION. METHODS: TWENTY VOLUNTEERS WERE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO TWO GROUPS AND RECEIVED EITHER HYPERTONIC (PAIN) OR ISOTONIC (CONTROL) SALINE INJECTION IN THE FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLE OF THEIR DOMINANT HAND. PAIN INTENSITY WAS CONTINUOUSLY RECORDED FOR 20 MINUTES AFTER INJECTION ON A VAS SCALE FROM 0 TO 100 (0 INDICATES NO PAIN AND 100 THE WORST IMAGINABLE PAIN). BLOOD SAMPLES WERE TAKEN AT BASELINE, 30 MINUTES, 3 HOURS, AND 24 HOURS POST-INJECTION, AND PLASMA WAS SEPARATED. MIRNA EXTRACTS WERE USED FOR RNA SEQUENCING WITH THE ILLUMINA NEXTSEQ PLATFORM. MIRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE COMPARED BETWEEN THE PAIN AND THE NO-PAIN, CONTROL GROUP AT EVERY TIME POINT. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE CONSIDERED WHEN FOLDS WERE >2 AND THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE WAS P < 0.05. RESULTS: AFTER 30 MINUTES, 4 MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP COMPARED TO CONTROLS, WHICH INCREASED TO 24 AFTER 3 HOURS AND TO 42 AFTER 24 HOURS FROM BASELINE (P < 0.0001). TWO MIRNAS WERE CONSISTENTLY UPREGULATED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT. ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT MIRNAS INVOLVED IN BRAIN PERCEPTION OF PAIN, BRAIN SIGNALLING AND RESPONSE TO STIMULI. CONCLUSIONS: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY IS THE FIRST TO REPORT ON THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS AFTER AN ACUTE, HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL MUSCLE PAIN MODEL. SIGNIFICANCE: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY EVALUATED THE TEMPORAL PROFILE OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN. SEVERAL MIRNAS WERE ALTERED IN SUBJECTS AT THE TIMES OF FOLLOW-UP AFTER THE ACUTE PAIN MODEL WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROLS. MIRNAS PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN PROCESSES WERE ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP. OUR RESULTS, BY SHOWING THE FAST AND PROLONGED MODIFICATIONS OF MIRNA ELICITED BY THE ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN MODEL, ADD NEW PERSPECTIVES TO THE TOPIC OF EPIGENETICS AND PAIN.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12 2008  43 EPIGENETIC BASIS FOR MONOCYTE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS. BACKGROUND & AIMS: SEVERE FORMS OF ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTIONS WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS. THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS ALTERED HOST DEFENSE ARE INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: WE PERFORMED WHOLE BLOOD PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS AND EX VIVO STIMULATION WITH VARIOUS PATHOGEN-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS (PAMPS). WE INCLUDED 34 PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL-RELATED CIRRHOSIS (18 OF WHOM HAD BIOPSY-PROVEN SEVERE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS [SAH]), 12 HEALTHY CONTROLS AND 11 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT LIVER DISEASE. WE ALSO EVALUATED THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC (RNA-SEQ) AND CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY (ATAC-SEQ) PROFILES OF CD14(+) MONOCYTES FROM A SUBSET OF PATIENTS. RESULTS: CIRCULATING MONOCYTES AND CONVENTIONAL DENDRITIC CELLS (DCS) FROM PATIENTS WITH SAH DISPLAYED COMPLEX ALTERATIONS CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF BOTH ACTIVATING AND INHIBITORY SURFACE MARKERS AND AN IMPAIRED PRO-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE UPON STIMULATION WITH PAMPS REPRESENTATIVE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA (LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, PAM3CSK4) OR FUNGAL PATHOGENS (ZYMOSAN). THEIR DECREASED ABILITY TO PRODUCE MORE THAN 1 CYTOKINE (POLYFUNCTIONALITY) UPON PAMP STIMULATION CORRELATED WITH THE RISK OF DEVELOPING INFECTION AT 28 DAYS OR MORTALITY AT 90 DAYS. THE PRESENCE OF ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH SAH DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFY THE IMMUNE PROFILE OF MONOCYTES AND DCS. MOREOVER, CD14(+) MONOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH SAH DISPLAYED ALTERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENOMIC PROFILES CHARACTERIZED BY DOWNREGULATION OF KEY INNATE IMMUNE AND METABOLIC PATHWAYS AND UPREGULATION OF IMPORTANT IMMUNOMODULATORY FACTORS. CONCLUSIONS: IN PATIENTS WITH SAH, THE ALTERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MONOCYTES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO PATIENTS' SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION HAVE STRONG EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS. LAY SUMMARY: PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF INFECTIONS, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE POOR PROGNOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE. HEREIN, WE SHOW THAT EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS UNDERLY THE IMMUNE CELL DYSFUNCTION AND INAPPROPRIATE RESPONSES TO PATHOGENS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                         
13 2281  32 EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: A MINIATURIZED AND VALIDATED METHOD TO ASSESS HISTONE ACETYLATION. INTRODUCTION: CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES INCLUDING ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA ARE THE RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS COMPRISE A SET OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, METHODS CAPABLE OF ASSESSING EPIGENETIC REGULATION (ALSO) IN LARGE COHORTS ARE NEEDED. METHODS: FOR THIS PURPOSE, WE DEVELOPED AND EVALUATED A MINIATURIZED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY ALLOWING FOR A COST-EFFECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF HISTONE ACETYLATION OF CANDIDATE GENES IN A QUANTITATIVE FASHION. THIS METHOD WAS THEN APPLIED TO ASSESS H3 AND H4 HISTONE ACETYLATION CHANGES IN CORD BLOOD (CB) SAMPLES FROM AN ESTABLISHED COHORT OF AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN EXPOSED IN THE FETAL PERIOD TO EITHER VERY LOW OR VERY HIGH LEVELS OF MATERNAL FOLATE. RESULTS: OUR CHIP ASSAY WAS VALIDATED FOR A MINIMUM REQUIREMENT OF 1 X 105 TARGET CELLS (E.G. CD4+ T CELLS). VERY HIGH LEVELS OF MATERNAL FOLATE WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED H3/H4 ACETYLATION AT GATA3 AND/OR IL9 PROMOTER REGIONS IN CD4+ T CELLS IN CB. CONCLUSION: WE DEVELOPED A CHIP METHOD ALLOWING RELIABLE ASSESSMENT OF H3/H4 ACETYLATION USING 1 X 105 CELLS ONLY. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THIS ASSAY DEMONSTRATED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH MATERNAL FOLATE EXPOSURE AND INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION, CORRESPONDING TO A MORE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY PERMISSIVE CHROMATIN STATUS IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SOME TH2-RELATED GENES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14 6540  37 TRANSCRIPTIONAL, EPIGENETIC, AND FUNCTIONAL REPROGRAMMING OF MONOCYTES FROM NON-HUMAN PRIMATES FOLLOWING CHRONIC ALCOHOL DRINKING. CHRONIC HEAVY DRINKING (CHD) OF ALCOHOL IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTION AS WELL AS IMPAIRED WOUND HEALING. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DEFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A DYSREGULATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ORIGINATING FROM MYELOID CELLS, NOTABLY MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES, BUT THE MECHANISMS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR ABILITY TO STUDY CHD IS IMPACTED BY THE COMPLEXITIES OF HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS COMORBIDITIES AND CONFOUNDING RISK FACTORS FOR PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS. TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES, WE UTILIZED A TRANSLATIONAL RHESUS MACAQUE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION THAT CLOSELY RECAPITULATES HUMAN DRINKING PATTERNS AND CHRONICITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF CHD ON BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CONTROL AND CHD FEMALE MACAQUES AFTER 12 MONTHS OF DAILY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. WHILE MONOCYTES FROM CHD FEMALE MACAQUES GENERATED A HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO EX VIVO LPS STIMULATION, THEIR RESPONSE TO E. COLI WAS DAMPENED. IN DEPTH SCRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS OF PURIFIED MONOCYTES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT SHIFTS IN CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSETS WITH ACCUMULATION OF CELLS EXPRESSING MARKERS OF HYPOXIA (HIF1A) AND INFLAMMATION (NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY) IN CHD MACAQUES. THE INCREASED PRESENCE OF MONOCYTE SUBSETS SKEWED TOWARDS INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES WAS COMPLEMENTED BY EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS, WHICH REVEALED HIGHER ACCESSIBILITY OF PROMOTER REGIONS THAT REGULATE GENES INVOLVED IN CYTOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAYS. COLLECTIVELY, DATA PRESENTED IN THIS MANUSCRIPT DEMONSTRATE THAT CHD SHIFTS CLASSICAL MONOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION AND PRIMES THE MONOCYTES TOWARDS A MORE HYPER-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO LPS, BUT COMPROMISED PATHOGEN RESPONSE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15 3836  25 IONIZING RADIATION POTENTIATES HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE AND REPROGRAMS SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS. EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION INCREASES THE RISK OF CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS SUCH AS INSULIN RESISTANCE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES LATER IN LIFE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT IRRADIATION REPROGRAMS THE EPIGENOME OF METABOLIC PROGENITOR CELLS, WHICH COULD ACCOUNT FOR IMPAIRED METABOLISM AFTER CANCER TREATMENT. C57BL/6 MICE WERE TREATED WITH A SINGLE DOSE OF IRRADIATION AND SUBJECTED TO HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD). RNA SEQUENCING AND REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING WERE USED TO CREATE TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC PROFILES OF PREADIPOCYTES AND SKELETAL MUSCLE SATELLITE CELLS COLLECTED FROM IRRADIATED MICE. MICE SUBJECTED TO TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION SHOWED ALTERATIONS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND, WHEN CHALLENGED WITH HFD, MARKED HYPERINSULINEMIA. INSULIN SIGNALING WAS CHRONICALLY DISRUPTED IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS COLLECTED FROM IRRADIATED MICE AND DIFFERENTIATED IN CULTURE. EPIGENOMIC PROFILING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS FROM IRRADIATED ANIMALS REVEALED SUBSTANTIAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, NOTABLY FOR GENES REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE, GLUCOSE/LIPID METABOLISM, AND EXPRESSION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION ALTERS INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING AND EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS REGULATING CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE PROGENITOR CELLS AND PROVIDE A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BY WHICH IRRADIATION USED IN CANCER TREATMENT INCREASES THE RISK FOR METABOLIC DISEASE LATER IN LIFE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16  531  40 ASTROCYTE REACTIVITY FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE INVOLVES ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION. BLAST INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA (BINT) IS A PREVALENT INJURY WITHIN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN POPULATIONS. THE INJURY IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL WHICH MANIFESTS AS A MULTITUDE OF COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION OFFERS AN IMPORTANT CONTROL MECHANISM FOR GENE EXPRESSION AND CELLULAR FUNCTION WHICH MAY UNDERLIE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND RESULT IN NEURODEGENERATION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS MAY BE INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND THE CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF GLIAL CELLS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ELUCIDATE CHANGES TO HISTONE ACETYLATION OCCURRING FOLLOWING INJURY AND THE ROLES THESE CHANGES MAY HAVE WITHIN THE PATHOLOGY. SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO EITHER A 10 OR 17 PSI BLAST OVERPRESSURE WITHIN AN ADVANCED BLAST SIMULATOR (ABS). SHAM ANIMALS UNDERWENT THE SAME PROCEDURES WITHOUT BLAST EXPOSURE. MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS WERE MEASURED USING THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION (NOR) TEST AT 2 AND 7 DAYS POST-INJURY. TISSUES WERE COLLECTED AT 7 DAYS FOR WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (IHC) ANALYSIS. SHAM ANIMALS SHOWED INTACT MEMORY AT EACH TIME POINT. THE NOVEL OBJECT DISCRIMINATION DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN TWO AND 7 DAYS FOR EACH INJURY GROUP (P < 0.05). THIS IS INDICATIVE OF THE ONSET OF MEMORY IMPAIRMENT. WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP), A KNOWN MARKER OF ACTIVATED ASTROCYTES, WAS ELEVATED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE FOR BOTH INJURY GROUPS. ANALYSIS OF HISTONE PROTEIN EXTRACT SHOWED NO CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF ANY TOTAL HISTONE PROTEINS WITHIN THE PFC. HOWEVER, ACETYLATION LEVELS OF HISTONE H2B, H3, AND H4 WERE DECREASED IN BOTH GROUPS (P < 0.05). CO-LOCALIZATION IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE WAS USED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE ANY POTENTIAL CORRELATION BETWEEN DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ASTROCYTE ACTIVATION. THESE EXPERIMENTS SHOWED A SIMILAR DECREASE IN H3 ACETYLATION IN ASTROCYTES EXPOSED TO A 17 PSI BLAST BUT NOT A 10 PSI BLAST. FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ARRAY, SHOWED DYSREGULATION OF SEVERAL CYTOKINE AND CYTOKINE RECEPTORS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN NEUROINFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. WE HAVE SHOWN ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED ASTROGLIOSIS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS. FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ROLE IN THE INJURY PROGRESSION MAY LEAD TO NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2016	

17 6311  30 THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING CYTOKINES FLUCTUATE WITH AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE, AND ARE PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PATTERNS OF DNA (CPG) METHYLATION. GIVEN THAT IMMUNE CELLS ARE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKINES IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT SERUM LEVELS OF TNF, IL-6, IL-8 AND IL-10 WOULD CORRELATE WITH GENOME-WIDE ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. TO TEST THIS, WE EVALUATED COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS (N = 14; 48-78 YEARS OLD) RECRUITED TO A PILOT STUDY FOR THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA), EXAMINING DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT, APART FROM AGE, SERUM IL-10 LEVELS EXHIBITED THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL ASSOCIATION TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, FOLLOWED BY TNF, IL-6 AND IL-8. FURTHERMORE, WHILE THE LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES WERE HIGHER IN ELDERLY ADULTS, NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH EPIGENETIC ACCELERATED AGING, DERIVED USING THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK, WERE OBSERVED. CONCLUSIONS: AS A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THIS WORK MUST BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION; HOWEVER, OUR OBSERVATIONS ARE ENCOURAGING AND CERTAINLY WARRANT MORE SUITABLY POWERED STUDIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18 2408  21 EPIGENETIC REWIRING OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ENHANCERS AFTER EXERCISE TRAINING SUPPORTS A ROLE IN WHOLE-BODY FUNCTION AND HUMAN HEALTH. OBJECTIVES: REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE IMPROVES HEALTH BY REDUCING THE RISK OF A PLETHORA OF CHRONIC DISORDERS. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING REMODELS THE ACTIVITY OF GENE ENHANCERS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND THAT THIS REMODELING CONTRIBUTES TO THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON HUMAN HEALTH. METHODS AND RESULTS: BY STUDYING CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, WE MAPPED THE GENOME-WIDE POSITIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF ENHANCERS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE BIOPSIES COLLECTED FROM YOUNG SEDENTARY MEN BEFORE AND AFTER 6 WEEKS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE. WE IDENTIFIED EXTENSIVE REMODELING OF ENHANCER ACTIVITIES AFTER EXERCISE TRAINING, WITH A LARGE SUBSET OF THE REMODELED ENHANCERS LOCATED IN THE PROXIMITY OF GENES TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATED AFTER EXERCISE. BY OVERLAPPING THE POSITION OF ENHANCERS WITH GENETIC VARIANTS, WE IDENTIFIED AN ENRICHMENT OF DISEASE-ASSOCIATED GENETIC VARIANTS WITHIN THE EXERCISE-REMODELED ENHANCERS. CONCLUSION: OUR DATA PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF A FUNCTIONAL LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC REWIRING OF ENHANCERS TO CONTROL THEIR ACTIVITY AFTER EXERCISE TRAINING AND THE MODULATION OF DISEASE RISK IN HUMANS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19  457  31 APPLYING A MULTISCALE SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO URANIUM IN RAT KIDNEYS. PURPOSE: TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO URANIUM WITH A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH, A MULTISCALE HIGH-THROUGHPUT MULTI-OMICS ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED WITH A PROTOCOL FOR CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO THE RAT KIDNEY. METHODS: MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE CONTAMINATED FOR NINE MONTHS THROUGH THEIR DRINKING WATER WITH A NONTOXIC SOLUTION OF URANYL NITRATE. A MULTISCALE APPROACH ENABLED CLINICAL MONITORING ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC (MRNA AND MICRORNA) ANALYSES. RESULTS: A SEX-INTERACTION EFFECT WAS OBSERVED IN THE KIDNEY, URINE, AND PLASMA METABOLOMES OF CONTAMINATED RATS. MOREOVER, URINE AND KIDNEY METABOLIC PROFILES CORRELATED AND CONFIRMED THAT THE PRIMARY DYSREGULATED METABOLISMS ARE THOSE OF NICOTINATE-NICOTINAMIDE AND OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS. UPSTREAM OF THE METABOLIC PATHWAYS, TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES OF THE KIDNEY REVEAL GENE ACTIVITY FOCUSED ON GENE REGULATION MECHANISMS, CELL SIGNALING, CELL STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES, AND CELL PROLIFERATION. EXAMINATION OF EPIGENETIC POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION PROCESSES SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DYSREGULATION OF 70 MICRO-RNAS. THE MULTI-OMICS APPROACH HIGHLIGHTED THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELLS' BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON MULTIPLE SCALES THROUGH ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION, CONFIRMED BY CHANGES OBSERVED IN THE METABOLOME. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS SHOWED CHANGES IN MULTI-OMIC PROFILES OF RATS EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF URANIUM CONTAMINATION, COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. THESE CHANGES INVOLVED GENE EXPRESSION AS WELL AS MODIFICATIONS IN THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND THE METABOLOME. THE METABOLOMIC PROFILE CONFIRMED THAT THE MAIN MOLECULAR TARGETS OF URANIUM IN KIDNEY CELLS ARE THE METABOLISM OF NICOTINATE-NICOTINAMIDE AND THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS. ADDITIONALLY, GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS IS TARGETED BY PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH CELL FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT MULTISCALE SYSTEMS BIOLOGY IS USEFUL IN ELUCIDATING THE MOST DISCRIMINATIVE PATHWAYS FROM GENOMIC TO METABOLOMIC LEVELS FOR ASSESSING THE BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THIS LOW-LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, I.E. THE EXPOSOME.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20 2766  34 EXPRESSION, POLYMORPHISM AND METHYLATION PATTERN OF INTERLEUKIN-6 IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES. PERIODONTITIS IS CONSIDERED AN INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY THAT RESULTS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE DESTRUCTION, AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS, HOST AND IMMUNE RESPONSE. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY MODULATE THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE SINCE IT IS ABLE TO INFLUENCE THE GENE EXPRESSION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF -174 G/C POLYMORPHISM AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF IL-6 GENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IN GINGIVAL SAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. GINGIVAL BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM 21 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND 21 CONTROLS. HISTOLOGIC SECTIONS STAINED BY HEMATOXYLIN-EOSIN WERE USED FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION. THE IL-6 GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. THE POLYMORPHISM IL-6 -174 C/G WAS STUDIED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFICATION AND RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE DIGESTION (HSPII). METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS USED TO VERIFY THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN. THE NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN TISSUE FRAGMENTS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS WAS HIGHER THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP AND THE INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE WAS PREDOMINANTLY MONONUCLEAR. THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN THE GROUP WITH PERIODONTITIS. IN POLYMORPHISM ASSAY, NO STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENOTYPES AND ALLELES IN BOTH GROUPS WERE OBSERVED. THE MOST OF SAMPLES WERE PARTIALLY METHYLATED. NO DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN METHYLATION PATTERN FROM TWO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE IL-6 GENE AMONG GROUPS. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR RELATED TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS, BUT WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION STATUS OR THE -174 (G/C) GENETIC POLYMORPHISM, SUGGESTING THAT OTHER MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THIS GENE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION.	2013