1 3499 141 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS INVOLVED IN MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION IN U937 CELLS. BACKGROUND: MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES PLAY ESSENTIAL ROLE IN INNATE IMMUNITY. UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM OF MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS WILL HELP TO FIND NEW STRATEGIES TO PREVENT THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND SEPSIS. RESULTS: MATURATION OF BLOOD MONOCYTES INTO TISSUE MACROPHAGES AND SUBSEQUENT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE WAS MIMICKED IN U937 CELLS OF HUMAN HISTOCYTIC LYMPHOMA ORIGIN. WHOLE GENOME ARRAY ANALYSIS WAS EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE TO IDENTIFY UNDERLYING TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS IMPLICATED DURING THE PROCESSES OF DIFFERENTIATION AND INFLAMMATION. IN ADDITION TO ALREADY KNOWN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (I.E. MAFB, EGR, IRF, BCL6, NFKB, AP1, NUR77), GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS FURTHER REVEALED NOVEL GENES (I.E. MEF2, BRI, HLX, HDAC5, H2AV, TCF7L2, NFIL3) PREVIOUSLY UNCHARACTERIZED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION PROCESS. A TOTAL OF 58 SELECTED GENES REPRESENTING CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES, SURFACE ANTIGENS, SIGNALING MOLECULES AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WERE VALIDATED BY REAL TIME PCR AND COMPARED TO PRIMARY MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES. BESIDE THE VERIFICATION OF SEVERAL NEW GENES, THE COMPARISON REVEALS INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY OF BLOOD DONORS. CONCLUSION: UP REGULATION OF MEF2 FAMILY, HDACS, AND H2AV DURING CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND INFLAMMATION SHEDS NEW LIGHTS ONTO REGULATION EVENTS ON TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC LEVEL CONTROLLING THESE PROCESSES. DATA GENERATED WILL SERVE AS A SOURCE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF MACROPHAGES DIFFERENTIATION PATHWAYS AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
2 1594  38 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING REVEALS DIFFERENCES IN THE 3 HUMAN MONOCYTE SUBSETS AND IDENTIFIES UREMIA TO INDUCE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES DURING DIFFERENTIATION. HUMAN MONOCYTES ARE A HETEROGENEOUS CELL POPULATION CONSISTING OF 3 SUBSETS: CLASSICAL CD14++CD16-, INTERMEDIATE CD14++CD16+ AND NONCLASSICAL CD14+CD16++ MONOCYTES. VIA POORLY CHARACTERIZED MECHANISMS, INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTE COUNTS RISE IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, AMONG WHICH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS OF PARTICULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPORTANCE. DNA METHYLATION IS A CENTRAL EPIGENETIC FEATURE THAT CONTROLS HEMATOPOIESIS. BY APPLYING NEXT-GENERATION METHYL-SEQUENCING WE NOW TESTED HOW FAR THE 3 MONOCYTE SUBSETS DIFFER IN THEIR DNA METHYLOME AND WHETHER UREMIA INDUCES DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN DIFFERENTIATING MONOCYTES. WE FOUND THAT EACH MONOCYTE SUBSET DISPLAYS A UNIQUE PHENOTYPE WITH REGARDS TO DNA METHYLATION. GENES WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTER REGIONS IN INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES WERE LINKED TO DISTINCT IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, WHICH IS IN LINE WITH RESULTS FROM RECENT GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSES. IN VITRO, UREMIA INDUCED DYSREGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENTIATING MONOCYTES, WHICH AFFECTED SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORS IMPORTANT FOR MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION (E.G., FLT3, HDAC1, MNT) AND LED TO ENHANCED GENERATION OF INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES. AS POTENTIAL MEDIATOR, THE UREMIC TOXIN AND METHYLATION INHIBITOR S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE INDUCED SHIFTS IN MONOCYTE SUBSETS IN VITRO, AND ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCYTE SUBSET COUNTS IN VIVO. OUR DATA SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF MONOCYTE TRICHOTOMY AND THE DISTINCT ROLE OF INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES IN HUMAN IMMUNITY. THE SHIFT IN MONOCYTE SUBSETS THAT OCCURS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, A PROINFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF SUBSTANTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPACT, MAY BE INDUCED BY ACCUMULATION OF UREMIC TOXINS THAT MEDIATE EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3 4164  32 MEDIATORS OF CAPILLARY-TO-VENULE CONVERSION IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE PSORIASIS. PSORIASIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA AND HYPERKERATOSIS, IMMUNE CELL INFILTRATION AND VASCULAR REMODELING. DESPITE THE EMERGING RECOGNITION OF VASCULAR NORMALIZATION AS A POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR MANAGING PSORIASIS, AN IN-DEPTH DELINEATION OF THE REMODELED DERMAL VASCULATURE HAS BEEN MISSING. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLOITED 5' SINGLE-CELL RNA SEQUENCING TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC ALTERATIONS IN DIFFERENT SUBPOPULATIONS OF BLOOD VASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS DIRECTLY ISOLATED FROM PSORIATIC AND HEALTHY HUMAN SKIN. INDIVIDUAL SUBTYPES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDERWENT SPECIFIC MOLECULAR REPATTERNING ASSOCIATED WITH CELL ADHESION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANIZATION. BLOOD CAPILLARIES, IN PARTICULAR, SHOWED UPREGULATION OF THE MELANOMA CELL ADHESION MOLECULE AS WELL AS ITS BINDING PARTNERS AND ADOPTED POSTCAPILLARY VENULE?LIKE CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION THAT ARE MORE PERMISSIVE TO LEUKOCYTE TRANSMIGRATION. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED PSORIASIS-SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CIS-REGULATORY ENHANCERS AND PROMOTERS FOR EACH ENDOTHELIAL CELL SUBTYPE, REVEALING THE DYSREGULATED GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS IN PSORIASIS. TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS PROVIDE MORE INSIGHTS INTO THE SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES AND EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS LINING DIFFERENT VESSEL COMPARTMENTS IN CHRONIC SKIN INFLAMMATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4 2909  41 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN FIBROMYALGIA INDICATES AN AUTOIMMUNE ORIGIN OF THE DISEASE AND OPENS NEW AVENUES FOR TARGETED THERAPY. FIBROMYALGIA IS A CHRONIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD PAIN AND BY SEVERAL NON-PAIN SYMPTOMS. AUTOIMMUNITY, SMALL FIBER NEUROPATHY AND NEUROINFLAMMATION HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OBTAINED FROM TEN PATIENTS AND TEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. OF THE 545,500 TRANSCRIPTS ANALYZED, 1673 RESULTED MODULATED IN FIBROMYALGIC PATIENTS. THE MAJORITY OF THESE GENES ARE INVOLVED IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS LINKED TO THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DISEASE. MOREOVER, GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS CONNECTED TO INTERLEUKIN-17 AND TO TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNATURES WERE ALSO MODULATED, SUGGESTING THAT AUTOIMMUNITY PLAYS A ROLE IN THE DISEASE. WE THEN AIMED AT IDENTIFYING DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) FUNCTIONALLY CONNECTED TO MODULATED GENES BOTH DIRECTLY AND VIA MICRORNA TARGETING. ONLY TWO LNCRNAS OF THE 298 FOUND MODULATED IN PATIENTS, WERE ABLE TO TARGET THE MOST HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES IN THE FIBROMYALGIA INTERACTOME, SUGGESTING THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN CRUCIAL GENE REGULATION. OUR GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE CONFIRMED BY REAL TIME PCR, BY AUTOANTIBODY TESTING, DETECTION OF SOLUBLE MEDIATORS AND TH-17 POLARIZATION IN A VALIDATION COHORT OF 50 PATIENTS. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AS WELL AS AUTOIMMUNITY PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF FIBROMYALGIA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
5  855  24 CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY LANDSCAPES OF IMMUNE CELLS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS NOMINATE MONOCYTES IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC, SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT INVOLVES A VARIETY OF CELL TYPES. HOWEVER, HOW THE EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATIONS OF PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF RA STILL REMAINS LARGELY UNCLEAR. RESULTS: HERE, WE ANALYSED THE GENOME-WIDE ACTIVE DNA REGULATORY ELEMENTS OF FOUR MAJOR IMMUNE CELLS, NAMELY MONOCYTES, B CELLS, CD4(+) T CELLS AND CD8(+) T CELLS, IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF RA PATIENTS, OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) PATIENTS AND HEALTHY DONORS USING ASSAY OF TRANSPOSASE ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN WITH SEQUENCING (ATAC-SEQ). WE FOUND A STRONG RA-ASSOCIATED CHROMATIN DYSREGULATION SIGNATURE IN MONOCYTES, BUT NO OTHER EXAMINED CELL TYPES. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) CAN INDUCE THE RA-ASSOCIATED CHROMATIN DYSREGULATION IN MONOCYTES VIA IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. AND THE EXTENT OF THIS DYSREGULATION WAS REGULATED THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FRA2. CONCLUSIONS: TOGETHER, OUR STUDY REVEALED A CRP-INDUCED PATHOGENIC CHROMATIN DYSREGULATION SIGNATURE IN MONOCYTES FROM RA PATIENTS AND PREDICTED THE RESPONSIBLE SIGNALLING PATHWAY AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THE DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 1508  36 DNA METHYLATION AND MRNA AND MICRORNA EXPRESSION OF SLE CD4+ T CELLS CORRELATE WITH DISEASE PHENOTYPE. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE WELL KNOWN FOR ITS CLINICAL HETEROGENEITY, AND ITS ETIOLOGY SECONDARY TO A CROSS-TALK INVOLVING GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI. ALTHOUGH GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS HAS CONTRIBUTED GREATLY TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETIC BASIS OF SLE, THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE FOR A ROLE OF EPIGENETICS. INDEED, RECENT DATA HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT IN PATIENTS WITH SLE, THERE ARE STRIKING ALTERATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, AND DEREGULATED MICRORNA EXPRESSION, THE SUM OF WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO OVER-EXPRESSION OF SELECT AUTOIMMUNE-RELATED GENES AND LOSS OF TOLERANCE. TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE AT THE LEVEL OF CLINICAL PHENOTYPE, WE PERFORMED DNA METHYLATION, MRNA AND MICRORNA EXPRESSION SCREENING USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING OF PURIFIED CD4+ T CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH SLE, COMPARED TO AGE AND SEX MATCHED CONTROLS. IN PARTICULAR, WE STUDIED 42 PATIENTS WITH SLE AND DIVIDED THIS GROUP INTO THREE CLINICAL PHENOTYPES: A) THE PRESENCE OF SKIN LESIONS WITHOUT SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY; B) SKIN LESIONS BUT ALSO CHRONIC RENAL PATHOLOGY; AND C) SKIN LESIONS, CHRONIC RENAL PATHOLOGY AND POLYARTICULAR DISEASE. INTERESTINGLY, AND AS EXPECTED, SEQUENCING DATA REVEALED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN SLE COMPARED TO CONTROLS. HOWEVER, AND MORE IMPORTANTLY, ALTHOUGH THERE WERE COMMON METHYLATION CHANGES FOUND IN ALL GROUPS OF SLE COMPARED TO CONTROLS, THERE WAS SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES THAT CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL PHENOTYPE. THESE INCLUDED CHANGES IN THE NOVEL KEY TARGET GENES NLRP2, CD300LB AND S1PR3, AS WELL AS CHANGES IN THE CRITICAL PATHWAYS, INCLUDING THE ADHERENS JUNCTION AND LEUKOCYTE TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION. WE ALSO NOTED THAT A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF GENES UNDERGOING DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WERE INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION AND THAT MIRNA SCREENING REVEALED THE EXISTENCE OF SUBSETS WITH CHANGES IN EXPRESSION. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF THIS DATA HIGHLIGHTS SPECIFIC SETS OF MIRNAS CONTROLLED BY DNA METHYLATION, AND GENES THAT ARE ALTERED BY METHYLATION AND TARGETED BY MIRNAS. IN CONCLUSION, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST SELECT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO CLINICAL PHENOTYPES AND FURTHER SHED LIGHT ON A NEW VENUE FOR BASIC SLE RESEARCH.	2014	

7 2022  38 EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ALLERGIC ASTHMA. DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA IN CHILDHOOD IS LINKED TO VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN EARLY LIFE, WITH SUBSEQUENT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ALLERGENS. PROGRESSION TO PERSISTENT ASTHMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TH2-BIASED IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND STRUCTURAL REMODELLING OF THE AIRWAYS. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR, BUT COULD INVOLVE EPIGENETIC CHANGES. TO INVESTIGATE THIS, WE EMPLOYED A RECENTLY DEVELOPED MOUSE MODEL IN WHICH SELF-LIMITED NEONATAL INFECTION WITH A PNEUMOVIRUS, FOLLOWED BY SENSITISATION TO OVALBUMIN VIA THE RESPIRATORY TRACT AND LOW-LEVEL CHRONIC CHALLENGE WITH AEROSOLISED ANTIGEN, LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASTHMATIC PHENOTYPE. WE ASSESSED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA BY CELLS IN THE PROXIMAL AIRWAYS, COMPARING CHANGES OVER THE PERIOD OF DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND USED TARGET PREDICTION DATABASES TO IDENTIFY GENES LIKELY TO BE UP- OR DOWNREGULATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ALTERED REGULATION OF MICRORNA. IN PARALLEL, WE ASSESSED DNA METHYLATION IN PULMONARY CD4(+) T CELLS. WE FOUND THAT A LIMITED NUMBER OF MICRORNAS EXHIBITED MARKED UP- OR DOWNREGULATION FOLLOWING EARLY-LIFE INFECTION AND SENSITISATION, FOR MANY OF WHICH THE LEVELS OF EXPRESSION WERE FURTHER CHANGED FOLLOWING CHRONIC CHALLENGE WITH THE SENSITIZING ANTIGEN. TARGETS OF THESE MICRORNAS INCLUDED GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNE OR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES (E.G. GATA3, KITL) AND IN TISSUE REMODELLING (E.G. IGF1, TGFBR1), AS WELL AS GENES FOR VARIOUS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND SIGNALLING PROTEINS. IN PULMONARY CD4(+) T CELLS, THERE WAS SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION AT PROMOTER SITES FOR INTERLEUKIN-4 AND INTERFERON-GAMMA, THE LATTER INCREASING FOLLOWING CHRONIC CHALLENGE. WE CONCLUDE THAT, IN THIS MODEL, PROGRESSION TO AN ASTHMATIC PHENOTYPE IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND STRUCTURAL REMODELLING, AND WITH T-CELL COMMITMENT TO A TH2 IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PATTERN OF GENE ACTIVATION MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
8 3422  41 HUMAN MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION INVOLVES HIGHLY LOCALIZED GAIN AND LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. BACKGROUND: MACROPHAGES AND THEIR PRECURSORS MONOCYTES PLAY A KEY ROLE IN INFLAMMATION AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION AND ACTIVATION PROGRAMS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT EPIGENETIC REMODELING WHERE DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATES WITH CELL IDENTITY. HERE WE SHOW THAT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES CHARACTERISTIC FOR MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION OCCUR AT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES, AND, IN CONTRAST TO WHAT WAS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED, ARE GENERALLY HIGHLY LOCALIZED AND ENCOMPASS BOTH LOSSES AND GAINS OF DNA METHYLATION. RESULTS: WE COMPARED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ACROSS 440,292 CPG SITES BETWEEN HUMAN MONOCYTES, NAIVE MACROPHAGES AND MACROPHAGES FURTHER ACTIVATED TOWARD A PRO-INFLAMMATORY STATE (USING LPS/IFNGAMMA), AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STATE (IL-4) OR FOAM CELLS (OXLDL AND ACLDL). MOREOVER, WE INTEGRATED THESE DATA WITH PUBLIC WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING DATA ON MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO DEMARCATE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. OUR ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION WAS MOST PRONOUNCED DURING MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION, WAS TYPICALLY RESTRICTED TO SINGLE CPGS OR VERY SHORT REGIONS, AND CO-LOCALIZED WITH LINEAGE-SPECIFIC ENHANCERS IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER IT CONCERNS GAIN OR LOSS OF METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS WERE LOCATED AT SITES CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED BINDING OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN MONOCYTE-TO-MACROPHAGE DIFFERENTIATION INCLUDING C/EBP AND ETS FOR GAIN AND AP-1 FOR LOSS OF METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE INVOLVEMENT OF SUBTLE, YET HIGHLY LOCALIZED REMODELING OF DNA METHYLATION AT REGULATORY REGIONS IN CELL DIFFERENTIATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9 2389  32 EPIGENETIC REPOLARIZATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES FROM CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS USING 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. T CELL IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION HAS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PROFOUND IMMUNE SUPPRESSION THAT CHARACTERIZES CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). IMPROPER POLARIZATION OF T CELLS HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS ONE OF THE MECHANISM INVOLVED. MOUNTING DATA IMPLICATES CHROMATIN REGULATION, NAMELY PROMOTER METHYLATION, IN THE PLASTICITY OF NAIVE HUMAN T CELLS. RECENT IN VITRO EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT THIS PLASTICITY MAY BE PHENOTYPICALLY ALTERED BY USING METHYLATION INHIBITORS WHICH ARE APPROVED FOR CLINICAL USE IN CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER. THESE RESULTS BEG THE QUESTION: CAN THE INEFFECTIVE POLARIZATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLL BE EFFECTIVELY MODULATED USING METHYLATION INHIBITORS IN A SUSTAINABLE THERAPEUTIC FASHION? TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION OUR LABORATORY HAS STUDIED THE EFFECTS OF 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5A2) IN HELPER AND CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES FROM HEALTHY DONORS AND CLL PATIENTS IN WELL CHARACTERIZED MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN EFFECTIVE POLARIZATION. MOREOVER, WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE CONSEQUENCES OF METHYLATION INHIBITOR TREATMENT ON LYMPHOCYTE SURVIVAL, ACTIVATION INTENSITY, AND NAIVE CELL POLARIZATION. OUR DATA INDICATES THAT 5A2 TREATMENT CAN DEPOLARIZE TH2 CELLS TO EFFECTIVELY SECRETE INTERFERON GAMMA, SIGNAL VIA T-BET, AND ACHIEVE DEMETHYLATION OF CRITICAL TH1 SPECIFIC PROMOTERS. MOREOVER, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT 5A2 CAN FORCE TH1 POLARIZATION OF NAIVE T CELLS DESPITE A STRONG IL-4 STIMULI AND A LACK OF IL-12. IN CONCLUSION OUR DATA SEEKS TO DEFINE A MODALITY IN WHICH IMPROPER OR INEFFECTIVE T CELL POLARIZATION CAN BE ALTERED BY 5AZA AND COULD BE INCORPORATED IN FUTURE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
10  827  38 CHARACTERIZATION OF LONG NON-CODING RNAS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS MONOCYTES: A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR PSMB8-AS1 IN ALTERED CYTOKINE SECRETION. SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SSC) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE MAINLY AFFECTING THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE. IN SSC PATIENTS, MONOCYTES ARE INCREASED IN CIRCULATION, INFILTRATE AFFECTED TISSUES, AND SHOW A PRO-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION STATUS, INCLUDING THE SO-CALLED INTERFERON (IFN) SIGNATURE. WE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DYSREGULATION OF THE IFN RESPONSE IN SSC MONOCYTES IS SUSTAINED BY ALTERED EPIGENETIC FACTORS AS WELL AS BY UPREGULATION OF THE LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) NRIR. CONSIDERING THE ENORMOUSLY DIVERSE MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS OF LNCRNAS IN IMMUNE REGULATION, THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE GENOME-WIDE PROFILE OF LNCRNAS IN SSC MONOCYTES, WITH THE AIM TO FURTHER UNRAVEL THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN MONOCYTE DYSREGULATION AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. TRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA FROM TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS OF SSC PATIENTS IDENTIFIED 886 LNCRNAS WITH AN ALTERED EXPRESSION IN SSC MONOCYTES. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED LNCRNAS WERE CORRELATED WITH NEIGHBORING PROTEIN CODING GENES IMPLICATED IN THE REGULATION OF IFN RESPONSES AND APOPTOTIC SIGNALING IN SSC MONOCYTES. IN PARALLEL, GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED THE LNCRNA PSMB8-AS1 AS A TOP-RANKING HUB GENE IN CO-EXPRESSION MODULES IMPLICATED IN CELL ACTIVATION AND RESPONSE TO VIRAL AND EXTERNAL STIMULI. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PSMB8-AS1 IN MONOCYTES DEMONSTRATED THAT THIS LNCRNA IS INVOLVED IN THE SECRETION OF IL-6 AND TNFALPHA, TWO PIVOTAL PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES ALTERED IN THE CIRCULATION OF SSC PATIENTS AND ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS AND DISEASE SEVERITY. COLLECTIVELY, OUR DATA SHOWED THAT LNCRNAS ARE LINKED TO MONOCYTE DYSREGULATION IN SSC, AND HIGHLIGHT THEIR POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO DISEASE PATHOGENESIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11 5872  23 SUSTAINED TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION LEADS TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY THAT GREATLY ENHANCES SIGNAL SENSITIVITY AND ROBUSTNESS. TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY ALLOWS CERTAIN GENES TO RESPOND TO PREVIOUSLY EXPERIENCED SIGNALS MORE ROBUSTLY. HOWEVER, WHETHER AND HOW THE KEY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TNF-ALPHA MEDIATES TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. USING HEK293F CELLS AS A MODEL SYSTEM, WE REPORT THAT SUSTAINED TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION INDUCES TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY DEPENDENT ON TET ENZYMES. THE HYPOMETHYLATED STATUS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY REGIONS CAN BE INHERITED, FACILITATING NF-KAPPAB BINDING AND MORE ROBUST SUBSEQUENT ACTIVATION. A HIGH INITIAL METHYLATION LEVEL AND CPG DENSITY AROUND KAPPAB SITES ARE CORRELATED WITH THE FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY MODULES. INTERESTINGLY, THE CALCB GENE, ENCODING THE PROVEN MIGRAINE THERAPEUTIC TARGET CGRP, EXHIBITS THE BEST TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY. A NEIGHBORING PRIMATE-SPECIFIC ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS STIMULATES MORE RAPID, MORE STRONG, AND AT LEAST 100-FOLD MORE SENSITIVE CALCB INDUCTION IN SUBSEQUENT TNF-ALPHA STIMULATION. OUR STUDY REVEALS THAT TNF-ALPHA-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY IS GOVERNED BY ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION AND GREATLY SENSITIZES MEMORY GENES TO MUCH LOWER DOSES OF INFLAMMATORY CUES.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12 5888  38 SYSTEMIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ISCHEMIA STROKE, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. BACKGROUND: TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES ARE AVAILABLE FOR A VARIETY OF CARDIOVASCULAR-RELATED DISEASES. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO COMPARE BLOOD TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES OF THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR (TLR), T-CELL RECEPTOR (TCR), AND B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN ASYMPTOMATIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS, ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TO IDENTIFY COMMON MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE REGULATION AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. METHODS AND RESULTS: PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES FROM HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELATED DISEASES AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO). GENES IN THE TLR, TCR, AND BCR PATHWAYS WERE RETRIEVED FROM THE NCBI BIOSYSTEMS DATABASE. SIGNIFICANCE OF GENE ENRICHMENT AND CONCORDANCE OF EXPRESSION CHANGES IN EACH PATHWAY WAS COMPARED BETWEEN STUDIES. GENE EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED ACROSS THE THREE DISEASE CONDITIONS (P<10(-15)) AND THE PROPORTION OF SIGNIFICANT GENES WAS HIGH (30~60%, P<0.001). HUB GENES IDENTIFIED BY WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK ANALYSIS (WGCNA) IN THE TCR/BCR SUB-NETWORK, INCLUDING CD81 AND TCR-CD3ZETA, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED AND HIGHLY CORRELATED WITH DNA (CYTOSINE-5-)-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1). CONCLUSION: COMMON BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE REGULATION IN STROKE, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WERE DISCOVERED. GIVEN THE HIGH CORRELATION OF DNMT1 WITH THESE IMMUNE SIGNALING PATHWAYS, EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE COORDINATION OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN ALL CVD DISEASE STATES. DOWN-REGULATION OF THE TCR-BCR AXIS IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM OFFERS CRITICAL INFORMATION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION-INDUCED IMMUNE SUPPRESSION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND STROKE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13 2055  30 EPIGENETIC CONTROL DURING LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT AND IMMUNE RESPONSES: ABERRANT REGULATION, VIRUSES, AND CANCER. METHYLATION OF CYTOSINES CONTROLS A NUMBER OF BIOLOGIC PROCESSES SUCH AS IMPRINTING AND X CHROMOSOMAL INACTIVATION. DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING, WHILE DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. HYPOACETYLATION OF HISTONES LEADS TO COMPACT CHROMATIN WITH REDUCED ACCESSIBILITY TO THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL MACHINERY. METHYL-CPG BINDING PROTEINS CAN RECRUIT COREPRESSORS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES; THUS, THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN THESE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATES GENE ACTIVATION. METHYLATION HAS BEEN IMPLICATED AS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM DURING IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT, CONTROLLING VDJ RECOMBINATION, LINEAGE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS, AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF CYTOKINE GENES DURING IMMUNE RESPONSES. ABERRATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MACHINERY, EITHER BY GENETIC MUTATIONS OR BY SOMATIC CHANGES SUCH AS VIRAL INFECTIONS, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND CANCER.	2003	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14 1587  32 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IDENTIFIES NOVEL MARKERS OF PROGRESSION IN HEPATITIS B-RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY HEPATIC IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE WITH CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE RATES OF PROGRESSION TO CIRRHOSIS. GENETIC VARIANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CUES INFLUENCE PREDISPOSITION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; HOWEVER, IT REMAINS UNKNOWN IF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. RESULTS: TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC MARKS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY AND FIBROTIC PROCESSES OF THE HEPATITIS B-INDUCED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, WE CARRIED OUT HEPATIC GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION PROFILING USING ILLUMINA INFINIUM BEADARRAYS COMPARING MILD AND SEVERE FIBROTIC DISEASE IN A DISCOVERY COHORT OF 29 PATIENTS. WE OBTAINED 310 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND SELECTED FOUR LOCI COMPRISING THREE GENES FROM THE TOP DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF HOXA2 AND HDAC4 ALONG WITH HYPOMETHYLATION OF PPP1R18 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO SEVERE FIBROSIS. WE REPLICATED THE PROMINENT METHYLATION MARKS IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 102 PATIENTS BY BISULFITE MODIFICATION AND PYROSEQUENCING. THE TIMING AND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WITH DISEASE SEVERITY WAS FURTHER INVESTIGATED USING A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH SERIAL BIOPSIES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST A LINKAGE OF WIDESPREAD EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION. CPG METHYLATION AT NOVEL GENES SHEDS LIGHT ON NEW MOLECULAR PATHWAYS, WHICH CAN BE POTENTIALLY EXPLOITED AS A BIOMARKER OR TARGETED TO ATTENUATE INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15 6684  25 VALIDATION OF AN LC-MS BASED APPROACH FOR PROFILING HISTONES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. THE IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HISTONES AND THEIR PTMS HAS DRAWN SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC THERAPIES. THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HISTONE ISOFORMS MAY SERVE AS A POTENTIAL MARKER IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AFFECTED BY CHROMATIN ABNORMALITIES. IN THIS STUDY, PROTEIN PROFILING BY LC AND MS WAS USED TO EXPLORE DIFFERENCES IN HISTONE COMPOSITION IN PRIMARY CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS. EXTENSIVE METHOD VALIDATIONS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE EXPERIMENTAL VARIANCES THAT WOULD IMPACT HISTONE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE. THE RESULTING DATA DEMONSTRATED THAT THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY WAS SUITABLE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HISTONE PROFILES. IN 4 NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND 40 CLL PATIENTS, A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF HISTONE H2A VARIANTS (H2AFL AND H2AFA/M*) WAS OBSERVED IN PRIMARY CLL CELLS AS COMPARED TO NORMAL B CELLS. PROTEIN IDENTITIES WERE DETERMINED USING HIGH MASS ACCURACY MS AND SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
16 6468  24 TISSUE-SPECIFIC ENRICHMENT OF LYMPHOMA RISK LOCI IN REGULATORY ELEMENTS. THOUGH NUMEROUS POLYMORPHISMS HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF DEVELOPING LYMPHOMA, HOW THESE VARIANTS FUNCTION TO PROMOTE TUMORIGENESIS IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE, WE REPORT THAT LYMPHOMA RISK SNPS, ESPECIALLY IN THE NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA SUBTYPE CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, ARE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR CO-LOCALIZATION WITH EPIGENETIC MARKS OF ACTIVE GENE REGULATION. THESE ENRICHMENTS WERE SEEN IN A LYMPHOID-SPECIFIC MANNER FOR NUMEROUS ENCODE DATASETS, INCLUDING DNASE-HYPERSENSITIVITY AS WELL AS MULTIPLE SEGMENTATION-DEFINED ENHANCER REGIONS. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFY PUTATIVELY FUNCTIONAL SNPS THAT ARE BOTH IN REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN LYMPHOCYTES AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN BLOOD. WE DEVELOPED AN ALGORITHM, UES, THAT USES A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION APPROACH TO CALCULATE THE ENRICHMENT OF PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED RISK SNPS IN VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS. THIS MULTISCALE APPROACH INTEGRATING MULTIPLE DATASETS HELPS DISENTANGLE THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGY OF LYMPHOMA, AND MORE BROADLY, IS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO GWAS RESULTS FROM OTHER DISEASES AS WELL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
17 6431  32 THE USE OF TARGETED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING TO EXPLORE CANDIDATE REGULATORS OF TGF-BETA1'S IMPACT ON KIDNEY CELLS. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA1) PLAYS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY ROLE IN THE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE. FURTHER, DAMAGE TO KIDNEY GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS IS CENTRAL TO THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MRNA, MICRORNA, AND EPIGENETICS IN MESANGIAL CELLS IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. METHODS: THE REGULATORY EFFECTS OF TGF-BETA1 ON MESANGIAL CELLS WERE INVESTIGATED AT DIFFERENT MOLECULAR LEVELS BY TREATING MESANGIAL CELLS WITH TGF-BETA1 FOR 3 DAYS FOLLOWED BY GENOME-WIDE MIRNA, RNA, DNA METHYLATION, AND H3K27ME3 EXPRESSION PROFILING USING NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE, COMPUTATIONALLY INTEGRATED REPORT OF RNA-SEQ, MIRNA-SEQ, AND EPIGENOMIC ANALYSES ACROSS ALL GENETIC VARIATIONS, CONFIRMING THE OCCURRENCE OF DNA METHYLATION AND H3K27ME3 IN RESPONSE TO TGF-BETA1. OUR FINDINGS SHOW THAT THE EXPRESSION OF KLF7 AND GJA4 ARE INVOLVED IN TGF-BETA1 REGULATED DNA METHYLATION. OUR DATA ALSO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND THE EXPRESSION OF GENES CLOSELY RELATED TO TGF-BETA1 REGULATION. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY HAS ADVANCED OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1-REGULATED GENES INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF KIDNEY DISEASE. THE MOLECULAR UNDERPINNINGS OF TGF-BETA1 STIMULATION OF KIDNEY CELLS WAS DETERMINED, THEREBY PROVIDING A ROBUST PLATFORM FOR FURTHER TARGET EXPLORATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
18 2926  25 GENERATION OF AN EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE BY CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN PROSTATE CELLS. INCREASING LEVELS OF TISSUE HYPOXIA HAVE BEEN REPORTED AS A NATURAL FEATURE OF THE AGING PROSTATE GLAND AND MAY BE A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE USED PWR-1E BENIGN PROSTATE EPITHELIAL CELLS AND AN EQUIVALENTLY AGED HYPOXIA-ADAPTED PWR-1E SUB-LINE TO IDENTIFY PHENOTYPIC AND EPIGENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN PROSTATE CELLS. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED CELLULAR PHENOTYPE IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA AS CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED RECEPTOR-MEDIATED APOPTOTIC RESISTANCE, THE INDUCTION OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE, INCREASED INVASION AND THE INCREASED SECRETION OF IL-1 BETA, IL6, IL8 AND TNFALPHA CYTOKINES. IN ASSOCIATION WITH THESE PHENOTYPIC CHANGES AND THE ABSENCE OF HIF-1 ALPHA PROTEIN EXPRESSION, WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN GLOBAL LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION AND H3K9 HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THESE CELLS, CONCOMITANT WITH THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE DMNT3B AND GENE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AT KEY IMPRINTING LOCI. IN CONCLUSION, WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED A GENOME-WIDE ADJUSTMENT OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION UNDER CHRONIC HYPOXIC CONDITIONS IN THE PROSTATE. THESE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES MAY REPRESENT AN ADDITIONAL MECHANISM TO PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN A HYPOXIC-ADAPTED CELLULAR PHENOTYPE WITH A POTENTIAL ROLE IN TUMOUR DEVELOPMENT.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
19 1618  36 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS INCREASE NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION IN A MONOCYTIC CELL LINE. BACKGROUND: THE INTRACELLULAR NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR (NLR) FAMILY OF PATHOGEN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS (PRRA) IS INVOLVED IN INITIATING THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF WHICH NOD1 AND NOD2 ARE THE BEST-CHARACTERIZED MEMBERS. ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF NOD1 AND NOD2 HAS BEEN UNCOVERED IN A NUMBER OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, SUCH AS INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING NOD1/NOD2 GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION IS STILL IN ITS INFANCY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND ALTERATIONS IN THEIR PATTERNS HAVE BEEN LINKED TO MANY INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER EPIGENETIC MODIFYING DRUGS AFFECT THE REGULATION OF NOD1/NOD2 ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND AS COMBINATION THERAPY IN CANCER BUT THE FULL EXTENT OF THEIR EFFECTS HAS NOT BEEN QUANTIFIED.METHODS: PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF EPIGENETIC ENZYMES IN A HUMAN MONOCYTIC THP-1 CELL LINE WAS CARRIED OUT AND NOD1/NOD2 EXPRESSION AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES WERE QUANTIFIED.RESULTS: CELLS PRIMED WITH A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (BUT NOT A HISTONE DEACETYLASE [HDAC] INHIBITOR) WERE FOUND TO BE CONSISTENTLY MORE RESPONSIVE TO NOD1/NOD2 STIMULATION AND HAD INCREASED BASAL EXPRESSION.CONCLUSION: THE NOVEL EXPERIMENTATION CARRIED OUT HERE SUGGESTS FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT NOD1/NOD2 RECEPTOR ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION IN MONOCYTES ARE POSSIBLY REGULATED DIRECTLY BY DNA METHYLATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20 1336  24 DESCRIBING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DEPENDENT REGULATION OF THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. WHILE THE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION OF PROTEIN CODING GENES WAS EXTENSIVELY STUDIED, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON HOW TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION OF NON-CODING RNAS, SPECIFICALLY OF MICRORNAS. HERE, WE PROPOSE A STRATEGY TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN REGULATING TRANSCRIPTION OF MICRORNAS USING PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE DATA, COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES AND HIGH THROUGHPUT DATA. WE USE THE H3K4ME3 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP)-SEQUENCING DATA FROM THE ENCODE PROJECT TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS THAT ARE ENRICHED WITH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. BY TRANSFECTING CELLS OF INTEREST WITH SHRNA TARGETING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OF INTEREST AND SUBJECTING THE CELLS TO MICRORNA ARRAY, WE STUDY THE EFFECT OF THIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE WE USE OUR STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF STAT3 ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS.	2016