1 3494 143 IDENTIFICATION OF MICRORNAS WITH DYSREGULATED EXPRESSION IN STATUS EPILEPTICUS INDUCED EPILEPTOGENESIS. THE INVOLVEMENT OF MIRNA IN MESIAL TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (MTLE) PATHOGENESIS HAS INCREASINGLY BECOME A FOCUS OF EPIGENETIC STUDIES. DESPITE ADVANCES, THE NUMBER OF KNOWN MIRNAS WITH A CONSISTENT EXPRESSION RESPONSE DURING EPILEPTOGENESIS IS STILL SMALL. ADDRESSING THIS SITUATION REQUIRES ADDITIONAL MIRNA PROFILING STUDIES COUPLED TO DETAILED INDIVIDUAL EXPRESSION ANALYSES. HERE, WE PERFORM A MIRNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF WISTAR RATS 24 HOURS AFTER INTRA-HIPPOCAMPAL PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS (H-PILO SE). WE IDENTIFIED 73 MIRNAS THAT UNDERGO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES, OF WHICH 36 WERE UP-REGULATED AND 37 WERE DOWN-REGULATED. TO VALIDATE, WE SELECTED 5 OF THESE (10A-5P, 128A-3P, 196B-5P, 352 AND 324-3P) FOR RT-QPCR ANALYSIS. OUR RESULTS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-352 AND 196B-5P LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AND MIR-128A-3P LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF H-PILO SE RATS. WE ALSO EVALUATED WHETHER THE 3 MIRNAS SHOW A DYSREGULATED HIPPOCAMPAL EXPRESSION AT THREE TIME PERIODS (0H, 24H AND CHRONIC PHASE) AFTER SYSTEMIC PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS (S-PILO SE). WE DEMONSTRATE THAT MIR-128A-3P TRANSCRIPTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AT ALL TIME POINTS COMPARED TO THE NAIVE GROUP. MOREOVER, MIR-196B-5P WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ONLY AT 24H POST-SE, WHILE MIR-352 TRANSCRIPTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED AFTER 24H AND IN CHRONIC PHASE (EPILEPTIC) RATS. FINALLY, WHEN WE COMPARED HIPPOCAMPI OF EPILEPTIC AND NON-EPILEPTIC HUMANS, WE OBSERVED THAT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF MIRNAS SHOW SIMILAR TRENDS TO THE ANIMAL MODELS. IN SUMMARY, WE SUCCESSFULLY IDENTIFIED TWO NOVEL DYSREGULATED MIRNAS (196B-5P AND 352) AND CONFIRMED MIR-128A-3P DOWNREGULATION IN SE-INDUCED EPILEPTOGENESIS. FURTHER FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS ARE REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THESE MIRNAS IN MTLE PATHOGENESIS. 2016 2 1429 39 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE AND FEMALE RODENTS AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION. BACKGROUND: WOMEN ARE MORE VULNERABLE THAN MEN TO THE NEUROTOXICITY AND SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE CAUSED BY CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE. IN ADDITION, BRAIN DAMAGE DUE TO CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SEX-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND THEIR TARGET GENES THAT ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE AND FEMALE ANIMAL MODELS IN RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL. METHODS: AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION (3~3.5 G/KG/DAY) IN MALE (CONTROL, N = 10; ALCOHOL, N = 12) OR FEMALE (CONTROL, N = 10; ALCOHOL, N = 12) SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS FOR 6 WEEKS, WE MEASURED BODY WEIGHTS AND DOUBLECORTIN (DCX; A NEUROGENESIS MARKER) CONCENTRATIONS AND ANALYZED UP- OR DOWNREGULATED MIRNAS USING GENECHIP MIRNA 4.0 ARRAYS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS AND THEIR PUTATIVE TARGET GENES WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR. RESULTS: ALCOHOL ATTENUATED BODY WEIGHT GAIN ONLY IN THE MALE GROUP. ON THE OTHER HAND, ALCOHOL LED TO INCREASED SERUM AST IN FEMALE RATS AND DECREASED SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS IN MALE RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF DCX WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE ALCOHOL-TREATED RATS. NINE MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP- OR DOWNREGULATED IN MALE ALCOHOL-TREATED RATS, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF MIR-125A-3P, LET-7A-5P, AND MIR-3541, AND DOWNREGULATION OF THEIR TARGET GENES (PRDM5, SUV39H1, PTPRZ1, MAPK9, ING4, WT1, NKX3-1, DAB2IP, RNF152, RIPK1, LIN28A, APBB3, NRAS, AND ACVR1C). ON THE OTHER HAND, 7 MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP- OR DOWNREGULATED IN ALCOHOL-TREATED FEMALE RATS, INCLUDING DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-881-3P AND MIR-504 AND UPREGULATION OF THEIR TARGET GENES (NAA50, CLOCK, CBFB, ARIH1, UBE2G1, AND GNG7). CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE PRODUCES SEX-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON NEUROGENESIS AND MIRNA EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND THAT SEX DIFFERENCES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN DEVELOPING MIRNA BIOMARKERS TO DIAGNOSE OR TREAT ALCOHOLICS. 2020 3 5205 39 PRENATAL STRESS CHANGES THE GLYCOPROTEIN GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RAT OFFSPRING BRAIN. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) EXERTS STRONG IMPACT ON FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ON ADULT OFFSPRING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC STRESS ALTERS THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF GPM6A, A NEURONAL GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN FILOPODIUM EXTENSION. IN THIS WORK, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF PS ON GPM6A EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS RECEIVED RESTRAINT STRESS DURING THE LAST WEEK OF GESTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE SACRIFICED ON POSTNATAL DAYS 28 AND 60. HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION (QPCR FOR MRNAS AND MICRORNAS), METHYLATION STATUS (BISULFITE CONVERSION) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CULTURE WERE USED TO ANALYZE MICRORNA OVEREXPRESSION EFFECTS. PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN GPM6A LEVELS IN BOTH TISSUES AND AT BOTH AGES ANALYZED, INDICATING A PERSISTENT EFFECT. TWO CPG ISLANDS IN THE GPM6A GENE WERE IDENTIFIED. VARIATIONS IN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AT THREE SPECIFIC CPGS WERE FOUND IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT NOT IN PFC SAMPLES FROM PS OFFSPRING. MICRORNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET GPM6A WERE IDENTIFIED IN SILICO. QPCR MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT PS MODIFIED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MICRORNAS IN BOTH TISSUES, BEING MICRORNA-133B THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED. FURTHER STUDIES OVEREXPRESSING THIS MICRORNA IN NEURONAL CULTURES SHOWED A REDUCTION IN GMP6A MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL. MOREOVER FILOPODIUM DENSITY WAS ALSO REDUCED, SUGGESTING THAT GPM6A FUNCTION WAS AFFECTED. GESTATIONAL STRESS AFFECTED GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION IN OFFSPRING LIKELY THROUGH CHANGES IN METHYLATION STATUS AND IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MICRORNAS. THUS, OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE GPM6A AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING PRENATAL STRESS. 2014 4 2674 34 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. 2013 5 2761 27 EXPRESSION OF TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES, TEX101 AND ODF4, IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND EVALUATION OF TEX101 IMMUNOGENICITY. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CANCER-TESTIS (CT) ANTIGENS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIGENS WITH A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES, EXCEPT TESTIS, AND THEY HAVE ABERRANT EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TUMORS. THIS PATTERN OF EXPRESSION HAS MADE THEM PROMISING TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER DETECTION. OUR AIM WAS TO FIND NEW MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL AS MARKERS IN THE DETECTION OF CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. DESIGN AND SETTING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN REFERRAL CENTERS OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FROM JANUARY 2008 TO JANUARY 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES NAMED ODF4 (OUTER DENSE FIBER OF SPERM TAILS 4) AND TEX101 (TESTIS EXPRESSED 101) IN 20 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) AND 20 NORMAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND SEQUENCING. IMMUNOGENICITY OF TEX101 WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS: THESE TWO GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN 30% OF CML PATIENTS BUT NOT IN ANY OF THE HEALTHY DONORS. HUMORAL RESPONSE AGAINST TEX101 WAS NOT DETECTED IN ANY SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: TEX101 AND ODF4 ARE CT GENES USEFUL FOR DETECTION OF CML. UNLIKE MANY CT GENES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 WAS NOT SHOWN TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES IN THESE SAMPLES. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS STUDIES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 LEADS TO SUPPRESSION OF CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS; THUS, THE INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF TEX101 IN CANCER BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE A TREATMENT STRATEGY. 2012 6 1622 29 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES IN MALAR MELASMA AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. BACKGROUND: MALAR MELASMA HAS A CHRONIC AND RECURRENT CHARACTER THAT MAY BE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES. OBJECTIVE: TO RECOGNIZE THE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) IN MALAR MELASMA AND PERILESIONAL SKIN, AS WELL AS THE CHANGES IN DNMTS AFTER THEIR TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. METHODS: THIRTY FEMALE PATIENTS WERE CLINICALLY EVALUATED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3B USING REAL-TIME PCR AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. THESE INITIAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO RESULTS AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH NIACINAMIDE, RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. RESULTS: THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN MELASMA COMPARED WITH UNAFFECTED SKIN IN ALL SUBJECTS, INDICATING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. AFTER TREATMENT, IT WAS DECREASED IN ALL GROUPS: NIACINAMIDE (7 VERSUS 1; P<0.01), RETINOIC ACID (7 VERSUS 2; P<0.05), AND PLACEBO (7 VERSUS 3; P<0.05), WHICH CORRELATES WITH CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT. DNMT3B WAS NOT OVEREXPRESSED IN LESIONAL SKIN BUT REDUCED IN ALL GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: WE FOUND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN MELASMA LESIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS SOLAR RADIATION MAY INDUCE CELLULAR CHANGES THAT TRIGGER HYPERPIGMENTATION THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF PATHWAYS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, LIMITING OR DECREASING DNA METHYLATION THROUGH SUNSCREEN, NIACINAMIDE, AND RETINOIC ACID TREATMENTS THAT PROVIDE PHOTOPROTECTION AND GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION CAN COUNTERACT THIS. 2019 7 3198 33 HDAC-LINKED "PROLIFERATIVE" MIRNA EXPRESSION PATTERN IN PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS. EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE ESSENTIALLY INVOLVED IN CARCINOGENESIS, TUMOR PROMOTION, AND CHEMORESISTANCE. TWO EPIGENETIC KEY PLAYERS ARE MIRNAS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). AS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN BY OWN THEORETICAL DATABANK ANALYSIS, THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN MIRNAS AND HDACS IS RELEVANT IN DIFFERENT HUMAN CHRONIC DISEASES AND CANCEROGENIC PATHWAYS. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE A POTENTIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF A WELL-DEFINED SUBSET OF "PROLIFERATION-ASSOCIATED" MIRNAS AND THE EXPRESSION OF HDACS AS WELL AS CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS (PNETS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MIRNA132-3P, MIRNA145-5P, MIRNA183-5P, MIRNA34A-5P, AND MIRNA449A IN 57 PNETS RESECTED BETWEEN 1997 AND 2015 WERE MEASURED AND LINKED TO THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION PATTERN OF MEMBERS OF THE FOUR HDAC CLASSES ON HUMAN TISSUE MICROARRAYS. ALL PNET CASES WERE CLINICALLY AND PATHOLOGICALLY CHARACTERIZED ACCORDING TO PUBLISHED GUIDELINES. CORRELATION ANALYSIS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC MIRNAS AND TWO MEMBERS OF THE HDAC FAMILY (HDAC3 AND HDAC4). ADDITIONALLY, A LINKAGE BETWEEN MIRNA EXPRESSION AND CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS LIKE GRADING, TNM-STAGING, AND HORMONE ACTIVITY WAS FOUND. MOREOVER, OVERALL AND DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL IS STATISTICALLY CORRELATED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF THE INVESTIGATED MIRNAS. OVERALL, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT SPECIFIC MIRNAS COULD BE LINKED TO HDAC EXPRESSION IN PNETS. ESPECIALLY MIRNA449A (ASSOCIATED WITH HDAC3/4) SEEMS TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN PNET PROLIFERATION AND COULD BE A POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR POOR SURVIVAL. THESE FIRST DATA COULD HELP, TO IMPROVE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF THE EPIGENETIC DRIVERS IN PNETS FOR FURTHER THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. 2018 8 3049 30 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS REVEALS ZINC TRANSPORTER ZIP9 REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS VIA THE TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY. RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IS A DETRIMENTAL AND CHRONIC DISORDER THAT OCCURS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY MECHANISM OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPARED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES OF RATS BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN SHOWED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 3,650 PROTEIN-CODING GENES, 72 MICRORNAS, 5,836 LONG NONCODING RNAS AND 3 PIWI-INTERACTING RNAS. BY INTEGRATING THE MRNA AND METHYLATION PROFILES, THE ZINC TRANSPORTER SLC39A9/ZIP9 WAS INVESTIGATED IN GREATER DETAIL. THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF ZIP9 WAS INCREASED IN IRRADIATED SKIN TISSUES OF HUMANS, MONKEYS, AND RATS, ESPECIALLY IN RADIOGENIC FIBROTIC SKIN TISSUES. RADIATION INDUCED THE DEMETHYLATION OF A CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN EXON 1 OF ZIP9 THAT RESULTED IN RECRUITMENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR SP1 AND INCREASED ZIP9 EXPRESSION. OVEREXPRESSION OF ZIP9 RESULTED IN ACTIVATION OF THE PROFIBROTIC TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY THROUGH PROTEIN KINASE B IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. IN ADDITION, RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ZINC ACCUMULATION. THE ZINC CHELATOR N,N,N',N'-TETRAKIS(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-1,2-ETHYLENEDIAMINE ABROGATED ZIP9-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ATTENUATED RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IN A RAT MODEL. IN SUMMARY, OUR FINDINGS ILLUSTRATE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ZIP9 AND ITS CRITICAL ROLE IN PROMOTING RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS. 2020 9 2763 25 EXPRESSION OF THE LEUKEMIC PROGNOSTIC MARKER CD7 IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE CELL SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN, CD7, AND THE SERINE PROTEASE, ELASTASE 2 (ELA2), IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL OUTCOME. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF THESE GENES IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS. RESULTS: TO ADDRESS THIS QUESTION, WE COMPARED THE LEVEL OF THEIR EXPRESSION WITH THE DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS OF 5' SEQUENCES OF BOTH GENES IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES AND PRIMITIVE (LIN-CD34+) LEUKEMIC CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENTS. DNA METHYLATION OF THE ELA2 GENE PROMOTER DID NOT CORRELATE WITH ITS EXPRESSION PATTERN IN LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENT SAMPLES EVEN THOUGH THERE WAS CLEAR DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF THIS LOCUS IN ELA2-EXPRESSING AND NON-EXPRESSING CELL LINES. IN CONTRAST, WE FOUND A STRONG RELATION BETWEEN CD7 EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTION-PERMISSIVE CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, BOTH AT THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION WITH EVIDENCE OF HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE CD7 PROMOTER REGION IN THE LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CML PATIENTS WITH HIGH CD7 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE A LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND CD7 EXPRESSION IN PRIMITIVE CML CELLS. 2010 10 2758 28 EXPRESSION OF HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS GENES AND RELATED REGULATORY MICRORNAS IN UTERUS AND OVARIES OF DDT-TREATED FEMALE RATS. THE INSECTICIDE DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE (DDT) IS A NONMUTAGENIC XENOBIOTIC COMPOUND ABLE TO EXERT ESTROGEN-LIKE EFFECTS RESULTING IN ACTIVATION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ERALPHA) FOLLOWED BY CHANGED EXPRESSION OF ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. IN ADDITION, STUDIES PERFORMED OVER RECENT YEARS SUGGEST THAT DDT MAY ALSO INFLUENCE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS. HOWEVER, AN IMPACT OF DDT ON EXPRESSION OF ER, MICRORNAS, AND RELATED TARGET GENES HAS NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. HERE, USING REAL-TIME PCR, WE ASSESSED CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF KEY GENES INVOLVED IN HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS AS WELL AS POTENTIALLY RELATED REGULATORY ONCOGENIC/TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNAS AND THEIR TARGET GENES IN THE UTERUS AND OVARIES OF FEMALE WISTAR RATS DURING SINGLE AND CHRONIC MULTIPLE-DOSE DDT EXPOSURE. WE FOUND THAT APPLYING DDT RESULTS IN ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS-221, -222, -205, -126A, AND -429, THEIR TARGET GENES (PTEN, DICER1), AS WELL AS GENES INVOLVED IN HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS (ESR1, PGR, CCND1, CYP19A1). NOTABLY, CYP19A1 EXPRESSION SEEMS TO BE ALSO REGULATED BY MICRORNAS-221, -222, AND -205. THE DATA SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY DDT AS A POTENTIAL CARCINOGEN MAY BE BASED ON AT LEAST TWO MECHANISMS: (I) ACTIVATION OF ERALPHA FOLLOWED BY ALTERED EXPRESSION OF THE TARGET GENES ENCODING RECEPTOR PGR AND CCND1 AS WELL AS IMPAIRED EXPRESSION OF CYP19A1, AFFECTING, THEREBY, CELL HORMONE BALANCE; AND (II) CHANGED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RESULTING IN IMPAIRED EXPRESSION OF RELATED TARGET GENES INCLUDING REDUCED LEVEL OF CYP19A1 MRNA. 2017 11 4360 36 MIR-6769B-5P TARGETS CCND-1 TO REGULATE PROLIFERATION IN CADMIUM-TREATED PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS: ASSOCIATION WITH THE IMPAIRMENT OF FETAL GROWTH. ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM (CD) IS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH PLACENTAL IMPAIRMENT AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION. NEVERTHELESS, ITS POTENTIAL MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KNOWN TO INFLUENCE PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND FETAL GROWTH. THIS WORK WAS AIMED TO DETERMINE WHICH MIRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN CD-IMPAIRED PLACENTAL AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE MRNA AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES ANALYSIS. AS A RESULT, GESTATIONAL CD EXPOSURE DECEASED FETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT, AND REDUCED THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF PCNA IN HUMAN AND MOUSE PLACENTAE. FURTHERMORE, THE RESULTS OF MRNA MICROARRAY SHOWED THAT CD-DOWNREGULATED MRNAS WERE PREDICTIVELY CORRELATED WITH SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING CELL PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION AND MOTILITY. IN ADDITION, THE RESULTS OF MIRNA MICROARRAY AND QPCR ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT CD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE LEVEL OF MIR-6769B-5P, MIR-146B-5P AND MIR-452-5P. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CD-UPREGULATED MIRNAS PREDICTED TARGET GENES AND CD-DOWNREGULATED MRNAS FOUND THAT OVERLAPPING MRNAS, SUCH AS CCND1, CDK13, RINT1 AND CDC26 WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CELL PROLIFERATION. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT MIR-6769B-5P INHIBITOR, BUT NOT MIR-146B-5P AND MIR-452-5P, MARKEDLY REVERSED CD-DOWNREGULATED THE EXPRESSION OF PROLIFERATION-RELATED MRNAS, AND THEREBY RESTORED CD-DECREASED THE PROTEINS LEVEL OF CCND1 AND PCNA IN HUMAN PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS. DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY FURTHER REVEALED THAT MIR-6769B-5P DIRECTLY TARGETS CCND1. FINALLY, THE CASE-CONTROL STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT INCREASED MIR-6769B-5P LEVEL AND IMPAIRED CELL PROLIFERATION WERE OBSERVED IN SMALL-FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE HUMAN PLACENTAE. IN CONCLUSION, MIR-6769B-5P TARGETS CCND-1 TO REGULATE PROLIFERATION IN CD-TREATED PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPAIRMENT OF FETAL GROWTH. OUR FINDINGS IMPLY THAT PLACENTAL MIR-6769B-5P MAY BE USED AS AN EPIGENETIC MARKER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS-CAUSED FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND ITS LATE-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES. 2021 12 1067 30 CLINICAL UTILITY OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION TO STRATIFY PATIENTS AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IS REQUIRED FOR OPTIMAL STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE AND ADVERSE PROGNOSIS. COENZYME Q10 (COQ10), WHICH MEDIATES APOPTOSIS, IS SYNTHESIZED BY PRENYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SUBUNIT 2 (PDSS2). IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION IN HCC. PDSS2 EXPRESSION LEVELS AND THOSE OF GENES ENCODING POTENTIALLY INTERACTING PROTEINS AS WELL AS THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PDSS2 PROMOTER REGION WERE ANALYZED IN HCC CELL LINES. PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS IN 151 PAIRS OF RESECTED SPECIMENS WERE DETERMINED TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS. THE EXPRESSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PDSS2 WERE DETERMINED USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN SIX OF NINE HCC CELL LINES AND SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THOSE OF HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA. PDSS2 TRANSCRIPTION IN HCC CELLS WITH DECREASED PDSS2 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANYING HYPERMETHYLATION WAS REACTIVATED AFTER TREATING THESE CELLS WITH A METHYLATION INHIBITOR. MEAN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA RELATIVE TO THAT OF UNINVOLVED LIVER DIMINISHED GRADUALLY IN THE ORDER OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS TO CIRRHOSIS, AND EACH WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE OF HCCS. PDSS2 AND PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE CONSISTENT. DECREASED PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE DETECTED IN HCC TISSUES OF 56 PATIENTS, CORRELATED WITH SHORTER DISEASE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL, AND WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR. PDSS2 IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, AND PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IS A KEY REGULATORY MECHANISM IN HCC. DECREASED LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION MAY REPRESENT A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF HCC. 2014 13 145 33 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND MRNA EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. OOBJECTIVE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE MALIGNANCY WITH DIFFERENT STAGES. ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED AS A SIGNATURE FOR DIVERSE CANCERS WHICH ALSO PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CML PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT. SUPPRESSOR WITH MORPHOGENETIC EFFECT ON GENITALIA (SMG1) GENE RECENTLY HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO THE SPOTLIGHT AS A POTENT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE THAT CAN BE SUPPRESSED BY TUMORS FOR FURTHER PROGRESS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE SMG1 STATUS IN CML PATIENTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS CASE-CONTROL STUDY, PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM 30 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML [NEW CASE (N)=10, COMPLETE MOLECULAR REMISSION (CMR)=10, BLASTIC PHASE (BP)=10] AND 10 HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE COLLECTED. METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTER WAS ASSESSED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION PCR, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: MSP RESULTS OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTOR IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WERE METHYLATED (60% METHYLATED, 30% HEMIMETHYLATED AND 10% UNMETHYLATED). ALL CMR AND CONTROL GROUP PATIENTS WERE UNMETHYLATED IN THE SMG1 GENE PROMOTER. IN THE BP GROUP, METHYLATED SMG1 PROMOTER WAS SEEN (50% OF PATIENTS HAD A METHYLATED STATUS AND 50% HAD HEMIMETHYLATED STATUS). IN COMPARISON WITH THE HEALTHY SUBJECTS, EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WAS DECREASED (P<0.01); IN THE CMR GROUP AND BP-CML GROUPS, IT WAS INCREASED (P<0.05). NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN PATIENTS' HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SMG1 METHYLATION WAS SEEN. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF SMG1 OCCURRED IN CML PATIENTS AND IT HAD A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH SMG1 EXPRESSION. SMG1 GENE PROMOTER SHOWED DIVERSE METHYLATED STATUS AND SUBSEQUENT EXPRESSION LEVELS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML. THESE FINDINGS SUGGESTED POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF SMG1 SUPPRESSION IN THE CML PATHOGENESIS. 2022 14 136 30 ABERRANT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PATTERNS LEAD TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN UVB-EXPOSED SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS OF MICE. OVEREXPOSURE OF THE HUMAN SKIN TO SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION IS THE MAJOR ETIOLOGIC FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN CANCERS. HERE, WE REPORT THE RESULTS OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN UV-EXPOSED SKIN AND SKIN TUMORS IN A SYSTEMATIC MANNER. THE SKIN AND TUMOR SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF THE SKIN OF SKH-1 HAIRLESS MICE TO UVB RADIATION USING A WELL-ESTABLISHED PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS PROTOCOL. WE FOUND A DISTINCT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PATTERN IN THE UVB-EXPOSED EPIDERMAL SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ELEVATED EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) 1, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B. TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF HYPERMETHYLATION IN SKIN PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS, WE FOCUSED ON THE P16(INK4A) AND RASSF1A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, WHICH ARE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY SILENCED ON METHYLATION. WE ESTABLISHED THAT THE SILENCING OF THESE GENES IN UVB-EXPOSED EPIDERMIS AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NETWORK OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING HYPOACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AND H4 AND INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLATION, AS WELL AS RECRUITMENT OF METHYL-BINDING PROTEINS, INCLUDING MECP2 AND MBD1, TO THE METHYLATED CPGS. HIGHER LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA SPECIMENS THAN IN NORMAL HUMAN SKIN SUGGEST THAT THE DATA ARE RELEVANT CLINICALLY. OUR DATA INDICATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT UVB-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, ENHANCED DNMT ACTIVITY AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS OCCUR IN UVB-EXPOSED SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS AND SUGGEST THAT THESE EVENTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND IN SKIN TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. 2011 15 984 40 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION. 2022 16 1846 36 EFFECTS OF TWO TYPES OF ENERGY RESTRICTION ON METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1 AND LEPTIN RECEPTOR OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPT IN A MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOUR VIRUS-TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-ALPHA BREAST CANCER MOUSE MODEL. THE ROLE OF ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ENERGY RESTRICTION (ER) ON MAMMARY TUMOUR (MT) DEVELOPMENT. TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF ER ON THE METHYLATION LEVELS IN ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1 (ADIPOR1) AND LEPTIN RECEPTOR OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPT (LEPROT) GENES USING THE PYROSEQUENCING METHOD IN MAMMARY FAT PAD TISSUE, MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOUR VIRUS-TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-ALPHA (MMTV-TGF-ALPHA) FEMALE MICE WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO AD LIBITUM (AL), CHRONIC ER (CER, 15 % ER) OR INTERMITTENT ER (3 WEEKS AL AND 1 WEEK 60 % ER IN CYCLIC PERIODS) GROUPS AT 10 WEEKS OF AGE UNTIL 82 WEEKS OF AGE. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPOR1 IN THE CER GROUP WERE HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE AL GROUP AT WEEK 49/50 (P < 0.05), WHILE THE LEVELS OF METHYLATION FOR ADIPOR1 AND LEPROT GENES WERE SIMILAR AMONG THE OTHER GROUPS. ALSO, THE METHYLATION LEVELS AT CPG2 AND CPG3 REGIONS OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE ADIPOR1 GENE IN THE CER GROUP WERE THREE TIMES HIGHER (P < 0.05), WHILE CPG1 ISLAND OF LEPROT METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COMPARED WITH THE OTHER GROUPS (P < 0.05). ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE METHYLATION LEVELS. WE ALSO OBSERVED A CHANGE WITH AGEING IN METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE GENES. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF ER MODIFY METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPOR1 AND LEPROT IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND CER HAD A MORE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON METHYLATION LEVELS OF BOTH GENES. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THESE GENES MAY PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF ER AGAINST MT DEVELOPMENT AND AGEING PROCESSES. 2021 17 1187 36 COPD GWAS VARIANT AT 19Q13.2 IN RELATION WITH DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS AMONG THE MAJOR HEALTH BURDENS IN ADULTS. WHILE CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE LEADING RISK FACTOR, A GROWING NUMBER OF GENETIC VARIATIONS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO INFLUENCE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY MEDIATE THE RESPONSE OF THE GENOME TO SMOKING AND REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. CHROMOSOME 19Q13.2 REGION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH SMOKING AND COPD, YET ITS FUNCTIONAL ROLE IS UNCLEAR. OUR STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER RS7937 (RAB4B, EGLN2), A TOP GENETIC VARIANT IN 19Q13.2 REGION IDENTIFIED IN GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD (N = 1490) AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BLOOD (N = 721) AND LUNGS (N = 1087). WE COMBINED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA FROM THE ROTTERDAM STUDY (RS) TO PERFORM THE EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF RS7937. FURTHER, WE USED GENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA FROM BLOOD (RS) AND FROM LUNG TISSUE (LUNG EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING STUDY), TO PERFORM THE TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF RS7937. RS7937 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY (FDR < 0.05) AND CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD AT 4 CPG SITES IN CIS, INDEPENDENT OF SMOKING. ONE METHYLATION SITE (CG11298343-EGLN2) WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH COPD (P = 0.001). ADDITIONALLY, RS7937 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BLOOD IN CIS (EGLN2), 42% MEDIATED THROUGH CG11298343, AND IN LUNG TISSUE, IN CIS AND TRANS (NUMBL, EGLN2, DNMT3A, LOC101929709 AND PAK2). OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION MAY BE INTERMEDIATE STEPS BETWEEN GENETIC VARIANTS AND COPD, BUT FURTHER CAUSAL STUDIES IN LUNG TISSUE SHOULD CONFIRM THIS HYPOTHESIS. 2018 18 1121 24 COMPARISON OF EPIGENETIC PROFILES OF HUMAN ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM HIV-POSITIVE (ON HAART) AND HIV-NEGATIVE SUBJECTS. HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO COMORBID MICROBIAL INFECTIONS IN THE ORAL CAVITY. WE OBSERVED THAT PRIMARY ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (POECS) ISOLATED FROM HIV+ SUBJECTS ON HAART GROW MORE SLOWLY AND ARE LESS INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSIVE TO MICROBIAL CHALLENGE WHEN COMPARED WITH POECS FROM NORMAL SUBJECTS. THESE ABERRANT CELLS ALSO DEMONSTRATE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES THAT INCLUDE REDUCTION IN HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC-1) LEVELS AND REDUCED TOTAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) ACTIVITY SPECIFIC TO ENZYMES DNMT1 AND DNMT3A. THE DNMT ACTIVITY CORRELATES WELL WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, INDICATING THAT ABERRANT DNMT ACTIVITY IN HIV+ (ON HAART) POECS LEADS TO AN ABERRANTLY METHYLATED EPITHELIAL CELL PHENOTYPE. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS LEAD US TO HYPOTHESIZE THAT, IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HIV INFECTION ON HAART, EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN KEY GENES RESULT IN INCREASED VULNERABILITY TO MICROBIAL INFECTION IN THE ORAL CAVITY. 2013 19 4516 27 MULTI-OMICS CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-INDUCED HYPERPLASIA/DYSPLASIA IN THE RAG2(-/-)/IL10(-/-) MOUSE MODEL. EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IS HYPOTHESIZED TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE OBSERVED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) AND COLON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. IN THE PRESENT WORK, DNA METHYLOME, HYDROXYMETHYLOME, AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED IN PROXIMAL COLON TISSUES HARVESTED FROM THE HELICOBACTER HEPATICUS (H. HEPATICUS)-INFECTED MURINE MODEL OF IBD. REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) AND OXIDATIVE RRBS (OXRRBS) ANALYSES IDENTIFIED 1606 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) AND 3011 DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED REGIONS (DHMR). THESE DMR/DHMR OVERLAPPED WITH GENES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE, INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, AND CANCER. RNA-SEQ REVEALED PRONOUNCED EXPRESSION CHANGES OF A NUMBER OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. SEVERAL GENES INCLUDING DUOX2, TGM2, CDHR5, AND HK2 EXHIBITED CHANGES IN BOTH DNA METHYLATION/HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TRIGGERS CHANGES IN METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE GENOME, ALTERING THE EXPRESSION OF KEY TUMORIGENESIS GENES AND POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE INITIATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER. 2020 20 6835 24 [INFLUENCE OF AGE OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY ON LOW-MOLECULAR DNA CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD PLASMA.]. THE AIM OF THE WORK WAS TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PLASMA DNA (LMDNA) IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CHRONIC NON-OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS (CNONB) OF TWO AGE GROUPS - 34-59 AND 60-80 YEARS. THE LEVELS OF LMDNA IN HEALTHY DONORS, PATIENTS WITH CNONB, HEALTHY RELATIVES OF PATIENTS WITH COPD DID NOT DIFFER, WHILE THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER. IN COPD PATIENTS AGED 34-59 YEARS, THE LEVEL OF LMDNA WAS REDUCED BY MORE THAN 7 TIMES, AND IN COPD PATIENTS WHO SURVIVED TO 60-80 YEARS, IT WAS 3 TIMES LOWER COMPARED TO THE VALUE OF THIS BIOCHEMICAL INDICATOR IN HEALTHY DONORS OF THE SAME AGE. THE REDUCTION OF LMDNA REFLECTED A REDUCED SYSTEMIC APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE BODY OF PATIENTS WITH COPD. A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CNONB IN REMISSION CAN BE USED FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. AN INCREASE IN THE LOW LEVEL OF LMDNA IN COPD PATIENTS DURING AGING MAY INDICATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LIFE EXTENSION. 2022