1 3450 119 HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TSPOAP1-AS1 PROMOTER MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY IN OVERWEIGHT/OBESE KOREAN SUBJECTS. OBESITY IS A MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR OR ENDOCRINAL DISEASES, SUCH AS HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND STROKE. CONSIDERABLE INTEREST HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN OBESITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GENE ENCODING TSPO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 ANTISENSE RNA 1 (TSPOAP1-AS1) IN 80 OVERWEIGHT/OBESE SUBJECTS (BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) > 25) AND 104 NON-OBESE SUBJECTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE SOPI-STROKE STUDY IN KOREA. DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING BISULFITE AMPLICON SEQUENCING (BSAS). A GENERAL LINEAR MODEL OR RELATIVE CORRELATION WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF DNA METHYLATION ON OBESITY AND OBESE PHENOTYPES. NOTABLY, THE MEAN LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE OVERWEIGHT/OBESE GROUP THAN IN THE NON-OBESE GROUP (18.62% VS. 17.18%). FURTHER ANALYSES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATIONS OF THE BMI, THE SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS WITH THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL (P = 0.0493, P = 0.003, AND P = 0.0094, RESPECTIVELY). THE STUDY FINDINGS SUGGEST AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AT THE TSPOAP1-AS1 PROMOTER AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY. ACCORDINGLY, METHYLATION IN THIS PROMOTER REGION MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF OBESITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2 2627  41 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ADIPOSITY AND FUTURE RISK OF OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS AN ESTABLISHED RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERAL COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCER, METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HOWEVER, THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THESE RELATIONSHIPS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY WITH THESE CONDITIONS, WE INVESTIGATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTE (PBL) DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR ADIPOSITY AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO RISK OF INCIDENT BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCER AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. METHODS: DNA METHYLATION PROFILES (ILLUMINA INFINIUM((R)) HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP) FROM 1941 INDIVIDUALS FROM FOUR POPULATION-BASED EUROPEAN COHORTS WERE ANALYSED IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WAIST-HIP AND WAIST-HEIGHT RATIO WITHIN A META-ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. IN A SUBSET OF THESE INDIVIDUALS, DATA ON GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION LEVEL, BIOMARKERS OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE ALSO AVAILABLE. VALIDATION OF METHYLATION MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL ADIPOSITY MEASURES WAS PERFORMED IN 358 INDIVIDUALS. FINALLY, WE INVESTIGATED THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION MARKS WITH BREAST, COLORECTAL CANCER AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHIN RELEVANT SUBSETS OF THE DISCOVERY POPULATION. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 40 CPG LOCI WITH METHYLATION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH AT LEAST ONE ADIPOSITY MEASURE. OF THESE, ONE CPG LOCUS (CG06500161) IN ABCG1 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL FOUR ADIPOSITY MEASURES (P = 9.07X10(-)(8) TO 3.27X10(-18)) AND LOWER TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FULL-LENGTH ISOFORM OF ABCG1 (P = 6.00X10(-7)), HIGHER TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS (P = 5.37X10(-)(9)) AND HIGHER TRIGLYCERIDES-TO-HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO (P = 1.03X10(-10)). OF THE 40 INFORMATIVE AND OBESITY-RELATED CPG LOCI, TWO (IN IL2RB AND FGF18) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER (INVERSELY, P < 1.6X10(-3)) AND ONE INTERGENIC LOCUS ON CHROMOSOME 1 WAS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (P < 1.25X10(-3)), INDEPENDENTLY OF OBESITY AND ESTABLISHED RISK FACTORS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES, IN PARTICULAR ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, MAY BE AN INTERMEDIATE BIOMARKER AT THE INTERSECTION OF OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES, AND COULD OFFER CLUES AS TO UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS.	2018	

3 1607  25 DNA METHYLATION, COLON CANCER AND MEDITERRANEAN DIET: RESULTS FROM THE EPIC-ITALY COHORT. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD) PROTECTS AGAINST COLON CANCER (CC) ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHWAY. BOTH DIET AND CC ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE PERFORMED A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON 161 PAIRS FROM THE ITALIAN COMPONENT OF THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) COHORT, IN WHICH WE LOOKED FOR THE METHYLATION SIGNALS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM LEUCOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CC AND MD IN 995 CPGS LOCATED IN 48 INFLAMMATION GENES. THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNALS DETECTED IN THIS ANALYSIS WERE VALIDATED IN A SUBGROUP OF 47 CASE-CONTROL PAIRS AND FURTHER REPLICATED (WHERE VALIDATED) IN 95 NEW PAIRS BY MEANS OF PYROSEQUENCING. AMONG THE CPG SITES SELECTED A-PRIORI IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES, SEVEN CPG SITES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CC STATUS AND WITH MD, IN LINE WITH ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT. ONLY TWO CPG SITES (CG17968347-SERPINE1 AND CG20674490-RUNX3) WERE VALIDATED USING BISULPHITE PYROSEQUENCING AND, AFTER REPLICATION, WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF CG20674490-RUNX3 MAY BE A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MEDIATOR EXPLAINING THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MD ON CC ONSET. THE USE OF A 'MEET-IN-THE-MIDDLE' APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE OVERLAP BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF DISEASE IS INNOVATIVE IN STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND CANCER, IN WHICH EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IS DIFFICULT AND THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE NUTRIENTS EXERT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS LARGELY UNKNOWN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4 6080  36 THE EFFECT OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY USING THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY DATABASE. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KIDNEY DISEASE IS INCREASING, EPIGENETIC PROFILES, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION AND EXAMINE WHETHER THE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CKD DEVELOPMENT. METHOD: WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 440 PARTICIPANTS IN THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY (KOGES) WITH ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES (EGFRS) >/= 60 ML/MIN/1.73 M(2) AT BASELINE. CKD DEVELOPMENT WAS DEFINED AS A DECREASE IN THE EGFR OF <60 AT ANY TIME DURING AN 8-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD ("CKD PREDICTION" ANALYSIS). IN ADDITION, AMONG THE 440 PARTICIPANTS, 49 PARTICIPANTS WHO UNDERWENT A SECOND METHYLATION PROFILING WERE ASSESSED FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION AND CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF CPG SITES DURING THE 8 YEARS ("KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE" ANALYSIS). RESULTS: IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS, METHYLATION PROFILES OF A TOTAL OF 403,129 CPG SITES WERE EVALUATED AT BASELINE IN 440 PARTICIPANTS, AND INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION OF 268 AND 189 CPG SITES, RESPECTIVELY, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD IN MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. DURING KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSIS USING FOLLOW-UP METHYLATION PROFILES OF 49 PARTICIPANTS, THE PERCENT METHYLATION CHANGES IN 913 CPG SITES SHOWED A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PERCENT CHANGE IN EGFR DURING 8 YEARS. DURING FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES FOR SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES FOUND IN THE CKD PREDICTION AND KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSES, WE FOUND THAT THOSE CPG SITES REPRESENTED MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AND RAP1 PATHWAYS. IN ADDITION, THREE CPG SITES FROM THREE GENES, NPHS2, CHCHD4, AND AHR, WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANT IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS AND RELATED TO A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION. CONCLUSION: IT IS SUGGESTED THAT DNA METHYLATION ON SPECIFIC GENES IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD AND THE DETERIORATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION.	2023	
                                           
5 2921  36 GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ADULTS IN BANGLADESH. BACKGROUND: INORGANIC ARSENIC IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON NATURALLY OCCURRING CONTAMINANTS FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT. ARSENIC IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION SUGGESTED AS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF TOXICITY. OBJECTIVE: AMONG A SAMPLE OF 400 ADULT PARTICIPANTS, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE, AS MEASURED BY BLOOD AND URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS, AND EPIGENOME-WIDE WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND METHYLATION AT EACH CPG SITE, ADJUSTED FOR SEX, AGE, AND BATCH. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI WERE SUBSEQUENTLY EXAMINED IN RELATION TO CORRESPONDING GENE EXPRESSION FOR FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE OF GENE REGULATION. RESULTS: IN ADJUSTED ANALYSES, WE OBSERVED FOUR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND THREE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE BONFERRONI-CORRECTED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLD OF P < 1 X 10(-7). METHYLATION OF PLA2G2C (PROBE CG04605617) WAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED LOCUS IN RELATION TO BOTH URINARY (P = 3.40 X 10(-11)) AND BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS (P = 1.48 X 10(-11)). THREE ADDITIONAL NOVEL METHYLATION LOCI-SQSTM1 (CG01225779), SLC4A4 (CG06121226), AND IGH (CG13651690)--WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC EXPOSURE. FURTHER, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF METHYLATION-RELATED GENE REGULATION BASED ON GENE EXPRESSION FOR A SUBSET OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI. CONCLUSIONS: WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PATHWAY UNDERLYING ARSENIC TOXICITY. THE SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI IDENTIFIED MAY INFORM POTENTIAL PATHWAYS FOR FUTURE INTERVENTIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6  658  34 BLOOD DNA METHYLATION PREDICTS DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN HIGH FAT DIET-FED MICE. DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE (DKD) PROGRESSES AT DIFFERENT RATES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D). EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER RISK OF DKD PROGRESSION IS ESSENTIAL TO IMPROVE PROGNOSIS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLATION, HAVE BEEN INDEPENDENTLY IMPLICATED IN T2D AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THE CURRENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE CHANGES IN BLOOD DNA METHYLATION THAT REFLECTS AND PREDICTS DKD PROGRESSION. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) FROM WEANING AND SUBCLASSIFIED INTO TWO GROUPS, HFD-1 AND HFD-2, ACCORDING TO URINARY KIDNEY INJURY MARKER KIM-1/CREATININE RATIOS (LOW VS. HIGH) AND HISTOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES (MILD-MODERATE VS. ADVANCED). DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED BY REDUCED REPRESENTATIVE BISULFIDE SEQUENCING (RRBS). OUR RESULTS CONFIRMED EARLY AND ESTABLISHED DKD AT WEEK 9 AND WEEK 32, RESPECTIVELY. AT WEEK 32, ADVANCED KIDNEY INJURY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSREGULATION OF METHYLATION AND DEMETHYLATION ENZYMES IN THE KIDNEY. BLOOD RRBS REVEALED 579 AND 203 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES (DMS) BETWEEN HFD-1 AND HFD-2 ANIMALS AT WEEK 32 AND WEEK 9, RESPECTIVELY, AMONG WHICH 11 WERE COMMON. THE DMS IN BLOOD AND KIDNEY AT WEEK 32 WERE BOTH RELATED TO ORGAN DEVELOPMENT, NEUROGENESIS, CELL JUNCTION, AND WNT SIGNALLING, WHILE THE DMS IN BLOOD AT WEEK 9 SUGGESTED A SPECIFIC ENRICHMENT OF KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES. IN CONCLUSION, OUR DATA STRONGLY SUPPORT THE IMPLICATION OF EARLY BLOOD DNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS AND DKD PROGRESSION IN T2D THAT COULD BE USED TO IMPROVE THE DISEASE'S PROGNOSTICATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7 1193  36 CORRELATION OF CYP2R1 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH CIRCULATING VITAMIN D LEVELS AMONG HEALTHY ADULTS. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: DESPITE BEING A TROPICAL COUNTRY, VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS HIGHLY PREVALENT IN INDIA WITH STUDIES INDICATING 40-99 PER CENT PREVALENCE. APART FROM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM, VITAMIN D IS INVOLVED IN CELL CYCLE REGULATION, CARDIOVASCULAR, HEPATOPROTECTION. THE METABOLISM OF VITAMIN D IS REGULATED BY VITAMIN D TOOL GENES (CYP2R1/CYP27B1/CYP24A1/VDR). THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF SOME OF THESE GENES HAVE CPG ISLANDS, MAKING THEM PRONE TO METHYLATION INDUCED GENE SILENCING, WHICH MAY CAUSE A REDUCTION IN CIRCULATING VITAMIN D LEVELS. EPIGENETIC BASIS OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IS YET TO BE STUDIED IN INDIA, AND HENCE, THIS PILOT STUDY WAS AIMED TO ANALYZE WHETHER METHYLATION LEVELS OF CYP2R1 GENE WERE CORRELATED WITH THE LEVELS OF 25(OH)D IN HEALTHY, ADULT INDIVIDUALS IN INDIAN POPULATION. METHODS: IN THIS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, HEALTHY ADULTS OF 18-45 YR OF AGE WITH NO HISTORY OF MALABSORPTION, THYROIDECTOMY, CHRONIC ILLNESS OR THERAPEUTIC VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION WERE RECRUITED. DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WAS CARRIED OUT BY METHYLATION SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE PCR. SERUM CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE AND VITAMIN D LEVELS WERE ALSO QUANTIFIED. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS DONE BY R 4.0.5 SOFTWARE. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 61 APPARENTLY HEALTHY ADULTS WERE ANALYZED. THE SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS DID NOT CORRELATE WITH CYP2R1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN OUR STUDY POPULATION. SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN AGE AND SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION OF GENDER WAS FOUND WITH CYP2R1 METHYLATION LEVELS. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF CYP2R1 METHYLATION AND CIRCULATING 25(OH)D DEFICIENCY. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INDIAN POPULATION HAVING A LARGER SAMPLE SIZE INCLUDING ENTIRE VITAMIN D TOOL GENES, AMONG DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS MAY BE CONDUCTED TO ELUCIDATE MOLECULAR ETIOLOGY OF CIRCULATING 25(OH)D DEFICIENCY. THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF NORMAL SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE LEVELS AMONG VITAMIN D DEFICIENT SUBJECTS IN THIS STUDY COUPLED WITH THE STRIKINGLY HIGH PREVALENCE OF THE DEFICIENCY AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL, MAY SUGGEST THE NEED TO REVISE THE CUT-OFF CRITERIA FOR VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN THE INDIAN POPULATION.	2023	
                
8 2420  33 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE IN THE OLD ORDER AMISH. INTRODUCTION: TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) IS A COMMON CHRONIC DISEASE WITH SUBSTANTIAL DISEASE BURDEN AND ECONOMIC IMPACT. LIFESTYLE CHANGES CAN SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE, IF DETECTED AT AN EARLY STAGE. DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE MAY SERVE AS A BIOMARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF INCREASED T2D RISK. DESIGN: DNA METHYLATION PROFILING WAS PERFORMED USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMAN METHYLATION 450K BEAD CHIP ARRAY IN 24 NORMOGLYCEMIC OLD ORDER AMISH (OOA) INDIVIDUALS WHO LATER DEVELOPED IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE (IFG) (CASES), AND 24 OOA INDIVIDUALS WHO REMAINED NORMOGLYCEMIC AFTER AN AVERAGE FOLLOW UP OF 10 YEARS (CONTROLS). CASES AND CONTROLS WERE MATCHED ON AGE, SEX, BMI, BASELINE FASTING GLUCOSE, AND GLUCOSE LEVEL AFTER 2 H FROM 75 G ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT). RESULTS: ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN EITHER GLOBAL METHYLATION OR INDIVIDUAL PROBE METHYLATION BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS, HOWEVER, THE TOP 34 SUGGESTIVE SIGNIFICANT SITES WERE LOCATED IN GENES WITH INTERESTING BIOLOGICAL LINKS TO T2D AND GLYCEMIC TRAITS. THESE GENES INCLUDE BTC THAT PLAYS A ROLE IN PANCREATIC CELL PROLIFERATION AND INSULIN SECRETION, ITGA1 A KNOWN BONE MINERAL DENSITY GENE THAT WAS RECENTLY FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED ALSO WITH T2D AND GLYCEMIC TRAITS, AND MAY EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN T2D AND BMD, AND RPTOR AND TSC2 BOTH OF WHICH ARE PART OF INSULIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS MAY SHED LIGHT ON THE INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERGLYCEMIA AND T2D AND HELP TO IDENTIFY HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS FOR EARLY INTERVENTION; HOWEVER, FURTHER STUDIES ARE REQUIRED FOR VALIDATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9 2653  38 EPIGENOTYPING IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA AND BREAST CANCER RISK: A PROOF OF PRINCIPLE STUDY. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS. TWO ALTERATIONS IN THE PATTERN OF DNA METHYLATION IN BREAST CANCER (BC) HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED; ACTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ER-ALPHA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED METHYLATION OF ER-ALPHA TARGET (ERT) GENES, AND POLYCOMB GROUP TARGET (PCGT) GENES ARE MORE LIKELY THAN OTHER GENES TO HAVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN CANCER. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL UNRELATED CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BC RISK AND WHETHER THESE IMPRINTS CAN BE RELATED TO FACTORS WHICH CAN BE MODIFIED BY THE ENVIRONMENT, IS UNCLEAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: USING QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (N = 1,083) WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA PROVIDES GOOD PREDICTION OF BC RISK. WE ALSO REPORT THAT INVASIVE DUCTAL AND INVASIVE LOBULAR BC IS CHARACTERIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT SETS OF GENES, THE LATTER PARTICULAR BY GENES INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MESENCHYME (PITX2, TITF1, GDNF AND MYOD1). FINALLY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ONLY ERT GENES PREDICT ER POSITIVE BC; LACK OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION OF ZNF217 PREDICTED BC INDEPENDENT OF AGE AND FAMILY HISTORY (ODDS RATIO 1.49; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1.12-1.97; P = 0.006) AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ER-ALPHA BIOACTIVITY IN THE CORRESPONDING SERUM. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: THIS FIRST LARGE-SCALE EPIGENOTYPING STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A LINK BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE GENOME. FACTORS THAT CAN BE MODULATED BY THE ENVIRONMENT (LIKE ESTROGENS) LEAVE AN IMPRINT IN THE DNA OF CELLS THAT ARE UNRELATED TO THE TARGET ORGAN AND INDICATE THE PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOP A CANCER. FURTHER RESEARCH WILL NEED TO DEMONSTRATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WILL BE ABLE TO SERVE AS A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES WITH SUFFICIENT ACCURACY TO GUIDE PREVENTIVE MEASURES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 3568  30 IMPACT OF INFLAMMATION ON EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION - A NOVEL RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE? OBJECTIVE: THE LIFESPAN OF DIALYSIS PATIENTS IS AS SHORT AS IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC CANCER DISEASE, MAINLY DUE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD). DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT CELLULAR MECHANISM MODULATING GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING, INFLAMMATION AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC PROCESSES. DESIGN: DNA METHYLATION WAS ANALYSED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES FROM THREE DIFFERENT GROUPS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) POPULATIONS (37 CKD STAGES 3 AND 4 PATIENTS, 98 CKD STAGE 5 PATIENTS AND 20 PREVALENT HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS). THIRTY-SIX HEALTHY SUBJECTS SERVED AS CONTROLS. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS (DIABETES MELLITUS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PRESENCE OF CLINICAL CVD), INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS, HOMOCYSTEINE AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES (DEFINED AS HPAII/MSPI RATIO BY THE LUMINOMETRIC METHYLATION ASSAY METHOD) WERE EVALUATED. CKD STAGE 5 PATIENTS (N=98) STARTING DIALYSIS TREATMENT WERE FOLLOWED FOR A PERIOD OF 36 +/- 2 MONTHS. RESULTS: INFLAMED PATIENTS HAD LOWER RATIOS OF HPAII/MSPI, INDICATING GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. ANALYSIS BY THE COX REGRESSION MODEL DEMONSTRATED THAT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION (HPAII/MSPI RATIO <MEDIAN) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH ALL-CAUSE (RR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.7-14.8; P<0.01) AND CARDIOVASCULAR (RR 13.9; 95% CI: 1.8-109.3; P<0.05) MORTALITY, EVEN FOLLOWING THE ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE, CVD, DIABETES MELLITUS AND INFLAMMATION. CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND INCREASED MORTALITY IN CKD.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11 3954  30 LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 METHYLATION STATUS IN THE CIRCULATING DNA FROM BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES. ALONG WITH OTHER MALIGNANT DISEASES, LUNG CANCER ARISES FROM THE PRECANCEROUS LUNG TISSUE STATE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (HYPERMETHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF RETROTRANSPOSONS) IS KNOWN AS ONE OF THE DRIVING FORCES OF MALIGNANT CELL TRANSFORMATION. EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE SHOWN TO BE DETECTABLE IN DNA, CIRCULATING IN THE BLOOD (CIRDNA) OF CANCER PATIENTS, INDICATING THE POSSIBILITY TO USE THEM AS CANCER MARKERS. THE CURRENT STUDY IS THE FIRST TO COMPARE THE LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE BLOOD FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT VERSUS DIFFERENT CONTROL GROUPS AS HEALTHY SUBJECTS, PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE CONCENTRATION OF LINE-1 METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, REGION 1 (LINE-1 METHYLATED, LINE-1-MET) WAS ESTIMATED BY QUANTITATIVE METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR. THE TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF THE CIRCULATING LINE-1 COPIES WAS MEASURED BY QPCR SPECIFIC FOR LINE-1 REGION 2, WHICH WAS SELECTED DUE TO ITS CPG METHYLATION-INDEPENDENT SEQUENCE (LINE-1-IND). BOTH LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL AND LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX (LINE-1-MET/LINE-1-IND RATIO) WAS DECREASED IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE JOINT CONTROL GROUP (HEALTHY SUBJECTS + PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS + COPD PATIENTS) (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.016). WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE TENDENCY OF LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX DECREASES IN THE CIRDNA FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS VERSUS COPD PATIENTS (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.07). OUR DATA INDICATE THAT THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE CIRDNA IS VALUABLE FOR DISCRIMINATION OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
12 3991  29 LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL BISPHENOL A, VARIABLE DIET, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON AGE-RELATED METHYLATION IN BLOOD. RESEARCH INDICATES THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAN ALTER DNA METHYLATION, BUT THE SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON EPIGENETIC AGING REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, USING A MOUSE MODEL OF HUMAN-RELEVANT EXPOSURES, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EARLY-LIFE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A (BPA), VARIABLE DIET, AND/OR CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WOULD MODIFY RATES OF AGE-RELATED METHYLATION AT SEVERAL TARGET REGIONS, AS MEASURED FROM LONGITUDINAL BLOOD SAMPLES (2, 4, AND 10 MONTHS OLD). DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT TWO REPETITIVE ELEMENTS (LINE-1, IAP), TWO IMPRINTED GENES (IGF2, H19), AND ONE NON-IMPRINTED GENE (ESR1) IN ISOGENIC MICE DEVELOPMENTALLY EXPOSED TO CONTROL, CONTROL + BPA (50 MICROG/KG DIET), WESTERN HIGH-FAT DIET (WHFD), OR WESTERN + BPA DIETS. IN BLOOD SAMPLES, ESR1 DNA METHYLATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH AGE, BUT NO OTHER INVESTIGATED LOCI SHOWED SIGNIFICANT AGE-RELATED METHYLATION. LINE-1 AND IAP BOTH SHOWED SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION BY WHFD EXPOSURE (P < 0.05). ESR1ALSO SHOWED SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION BY WHFD EXPOSURE IN FEMALE MICE (P = 0.02), BUT NOT MALE MICE. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HAD A NON-SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE EFFECT ON AGE-RELATED ESR1 METHYLATION IN FEMALE BLOOD, SUGGESTING THAT IT MAY PARTIALLY ABROGATE THE EFFECTS OF WHFD ON THE AGING EPIGENOME. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DEVELOPMENTAL NUTRITIONAL EXPOSURES CAN MODIFY AGE-RELATED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AT A GENE RELATED TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. AS SUCH, ENVIRONMENTAL DEFLECTION OF THE AGING EPIGENOME MAY HELP TO EXPLAIN THE GROWING PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN HUMAN POPULATIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
13  177  29 ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING AND INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE (IPAGE) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS DEFINED BY A REDUCED ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR). THIS FAILURE CAN BE RELATED TO A PHENOTYPE OF ACCELERATED AGING. IN THIS WORK, WE CONSIDERED 76 PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) AND 83 HEALTHY CONTROLS. WE CONCOMITANTLY EVALUATED FOR THE FIRST TIME TWO MEASURES THAT CAN BE INFORMATIVE OF THE RATE OF AGING, I.E., WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM EPIC ARRAY AND PLASMA LEVELS OF A SELECTION OF INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROTEINS USING MULTIPLEX IMMUNOASSAYS. FIRST OF ALL, WE DEMONSTRATED ACCELERATED AGING IN TERMS OF THE MOST COMMON EPIGENETIC AGE ESTIMATORS IN CKD PATIENTS. MOREOVER, WE DEVELOPED A NEW CLOCK/PREDICTOR OF AGE BASED ON THE INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE (IPAGE) AND IDENTIFIED THE INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. IPAGE APPEARED TO BE MORE SENSITIVE THAN EPIGENETIC CLOCKS IN QUANTIFYING THE ACCELERATED AGING PHENOTYPE OF ESRD PATIENTS. INTERESTINGLY, WE DID NOT FIND ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN THE AGE ACCELERATION EVALUATED ACCORDING TO THE EPIGENETIC CLOCKS AND IPAGE IN EITHER THE ESRD GROUP OR THE CONTROL GROUP. ON THE WHOLE, OUR DATA SHOW A CONSISTENT ACCELERATED AGING PHENOTYPE IN ESRD PATIENTS, WHICH IS BETTER APPRECIATED BY QUANTIFYING THE UNDERLYING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES (INFLAMMAGING) BY IPAGE THAN BY USING EPIGENETIC CLOCKS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14 3414  42 HSD11B2, RUNX3, AND LINE-1 METHYLATION IN PLACENTAL DNA OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY PATIENTS. HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY (HDSP) REMAIN LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL AND PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS, SUCH AS GENE-SPECIFIC AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, BOTH IN THE ETIOLOGY AND AS AN EFFECT OF HDSP. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN SELECTED CPGS OF HSD11B2 CORTISOL LEVEL CONTROLLING GENE, RUNX3 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE, AND LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) REPETITIVE ELEMENTS AND HDSP-PREECLAMPSIA (PE), GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION (GH), AND CHRONIC HYPERTENSION (CH). METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP) AND PYROSEQUENCING (PSQ) WERE USED TO ANALYZE PLACENTAL DNA METHYLATION. PLASMA AND URINE CORTISOL AND CORTISONE LEVELS WERE MEASURED USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION (HPLC-FLD), WHEREAS SERUM PROGESTERONE LEVEL WAS DETERMINED BY ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY. THE MEAN PERCENTAGE OF HSD11B2, RUNX3, AND LINE-1 METHYLATION WAS NOT ALTERED IN THE PLACENTAS OF PATIENTS WITH HDSP, AS COMPARED TO THE CONTROLS. HOWEVER, AMONG PATIENTS FROM PE, GH, AND CH GROUPS, SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS WERE OBSERVED BETWEEN THE METHYLATION STATUS OF HSD11B2, RUNX3, OR LINE-1 AND CHILDREN'S BIRTH WEIGHT, GESTATIONAL AGE AT DELIVERY, MOTHER'S AGE, AND BODY MASS INDEX AS WELL AS HORMONES LEVELS. THESE RESULTS INDICATE LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN METHYLATION STATUS OF HSD11B2, RUNX3, OR LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENTS AND HDSP. HOWEVER, ASSOCIATION OF THESE PARAMETERS WITH SOME CLINICAL VARIABLES MAY SUGGEST THE ROLE OF PLACENTAL DNA METHYLATION IN FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND SHOULD BE FURTHER EXPLORED.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15 3084  32 GENOME-WIDE SCREEN OF DNA METHYLATION IDENTIFIES NOVEL MARKERS IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN HIGHLIGHTED IN CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF METHYLATION MARKERS IN OBESITY. WITH OBESE CHINESE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, WE PERFORMED COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING OF GENE PROMOTERS AND CPG ISLANDS TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES USING METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY HYBRIDIZATION TO THE NIMBLEGEN HUMAN DNA METHYLATION 385K PROMOTER PLUS CPG ISLAND MICROARRAY. WE FOUND THAT COMPARED TO LEAN CHILDREN, 251 PROMOTERS AND 575 CGIS WERE DEMETHYLATED, AND 141 PROMOTERS AND 277 CGIS WERE HYPERMETHYLATED IN OBESE CHILDREN, AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION ON CHROMOSOMES WAS IMBALANCED, SHOWING MORE PROMOTERS AND CGIS WITH DEMETHYLATION ON CHROMOSOMES 3, 16, 17 AND 19 AND MORE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTERS AND CGIS ON CHROMOSOME X COMPARED WITH CHROMOSOME Y. FURTHER ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATIONS OCCURRED MOSTLY IN HCP PROMOTERS AND PROMOTER CGIS. AMONG THE TOP 80 PROMOTERS AND CGIS THAT HAD DIFFERENTIATED METHYLATION BETWEEN OBESE AND LEAN CHILDREN, NEARLY HALF HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY STUDIED, AND ALMOST ALL OF THEM ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CANCERS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MANY ORGANS. FURTHERMORE, FOUR GENES (FZD7, PRLHR, EXOSC4, AND EIF6) WITH DIFFERENTIAL PROMOTER METHYLATION WERE VALIDATED, AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH OBESITY MUST BE CLARIFIED. IN CONCLUSION, THIS STUDY REPRESENTS THE FIRST EFFORT TO DETERMINE METHYLATION MARKERS IN OBESE CHINESE CHILDREN, WHICH HAS POTENTIAL RELEVANCE FOR IDENTIFYING MARKERS THAT ARE USEFUL IN ELUCIDATING THE MECHANISMS OF OBESITY PATHOGENESIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16 1295  31 DECREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF HIGH FAT DIET FED VERVET MONKEYS (CHLOROCEBUS AETHIOPS). EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANY CHRONIC DISEASES AND DUE TO THEIR REVERSIBLE NATURE OFFER A UNIQUE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO REVERSE THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CORRELATES WITH DYSGLYCEMIA IN THE VERVET MONKEY (CHLOROCEBUS AETHIOPS). DIET-INDUCED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE OBSERVED WHERE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS TWOFOLD LOWER IN MONKEYS FED A HIGH FAT DIET (N = 10) COMPARED TO MONKEYS FED A STANDARD DIET (N = 15). AN INVERSE CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION, BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATIONS, BODYWEIGHT, AND AGE, ALTHOUGH THE ASSOCIATION WAS NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. CONSUMPTION OF A HIGH FAT DIET IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC DISEASE; THUS, THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THE USE OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION AS A BIOMARKER TO ASSESS THE RISK FOR METABOLIC DISEASE. MOREOVER, THIS STUDY PROVIDES FURTHER SUPPORT FOR THE USE OF THE VERVET MONKEY AS A MODEL SYSTEM TO STUDY METABOLIC DISEASES SUCH AS TYPE 2 DIABETES. INTEGRATION OF ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES INTO PREDICTIVE MODELS COULD FACILITATE RISK STRATIFICATION AND ENABLE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES TO INHIBIT DISEASE PROGRESSION. SUCH INTERVENTIONS COULD INCLUDE LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS, FOR EXAMPLE, THE INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS WITH THE CAPACITY TO MODULATE DNA METHYLATION, THUS POTENTIALLY REVERSING THE DISEASE PHENOTYPE AND PREVENTING DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17 1729  28 DYSREGULATION OF MIR-155 EXPRESSION IN PROFESSIONAL MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) FIGHTERS. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL STRESS CAN INDUCE DYSREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION VIA CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AND MICRORNA (MIRNA) EXPRESSION. SUCH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE YET TO BE INVESTIGATED IN PROFESSIONAL MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) FIGHTERS SUBJECT TO HIGHLY STRESSFUL TRAINING INVOLVING REPETITIVE HEAD IMPACTS. THIS STUDY EXAMINED DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION AND MIRNA EXPRESSION IN ELITE MMA FIGHTERS COMPARED TO ACTIVE CONTROLS. GLOBAL METHYLATION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS WERE ASSESSED VIA A LINE-1 ASSAY. AT THE SAME TIME, PCR ARRAYS WERE USED TO ESTIMATE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN SAMPLES OF 21 FIGHTERS AND 15 CONTROLS FOR 192 DIFFERENT MIRNAS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. AN INDEPENDENT-SAMPLES T-TEST FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN LINE-1 METHYLATION BETWEEN GROUPS. HOWEVER, AN INDEPENDENT-SAMPLES MANN-WHITNEY U TEST REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-155 IN MMA FIGHTER PLASMA. SINCE MIR-155 HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF NEUROINFLAMMATION, THIS DYSREGULATION SUGGESTS A POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH PROFESSIONAL-LEVEL MMA TRAINING. CONSISTENT WITH OTHER PUBLISHED WORKS, THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE POTENTIAL OF MIR-155 NOT ONLY AS A BIOMARKER FOR MONITORING LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS LINKED TO HEAD TRAUMA BUT ALSO AS A TARGET TO REMEDIATE THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC NEUROINFLAMMATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18 5638  30 SERUM METABOLOMICS REVEALS PATHWAYS AND BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA PATHOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: ASTHMA IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CAUSED BY COMPLEX INTERACTIONS OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FOR THIS REASON, NEW APPROACHES ARE REQUIRED TO CLARIFY THE PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA BY SYSTEMIC REVIEW. OBJECTIVE: WE APPLIED A (1)H-NMR METABOLOMICS APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE THE ALTERED METABOLIC PATTERN IN SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA AND SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING ASTHMA AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS. METHOD: A GLOBAL PROFILE OF SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA (N = 39) AND CONTROLS (N = 26) WAS GENERATED USING (1)H-NMR SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. ENDOGENOUS METABOLITES IN SERUM WERE RAPIDLY MEASURED USING THE TARGET-PROFILING PROCEDURE. RESULTS: MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SHOWED A CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. SERA OF ASTHMA PATIENTS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED LEVELS OF METHIONINE, GLUTAMINE, AND HISTIDINE AND BY DECREASED LEVELS OF FORMATE, METHANOL, ACETATE, CHOLINE, O-PHOSPHOCHOLINE, ARGININE, AND GLUCOSE. THE METABOLITES DETECTED IN THE SERA OF PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA ARE INVOLVED IN HYPERMETHYLATION, RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA, AND IMMUNE REACTION. FURTHERMORE, THE LEVELS OF SERUM METABOLITES FROM PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA CORRELATED WITH ASTHMA SEVERITY; IN PARTICULAR, LIPID METABOLISM WAS ALTERED IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 S PERCENTAGE (FEV(1)%) PREDICTED VALUES. IN ADDITION, POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS SHOWED STRONG PREDICTIVE POWER IN ROC ANALYSIS, AND THE PRESENCE OF ASTHMA IN EXTERNAL VALIDATION MODELS WAS PREDICTED WITH HIGH ACCURACY (90.9% FOR ASTHMA AND 100% FOR CONTROL SUBJECTS). CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE: THESE DATA SHOWED THAT (1)H-NMR-BASED METABOLITE PROFILING OF SERUM MAY BE USEFUL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF ASTHMA AND A FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF ITS PATHOGENESIS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 1567  31 DNA METHYLATION OF THE KLF14 GENE REGION IN WHOLE BLOOD CELLS PROVIDES PREDICTION FOR THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 14 (KLF14) GENE, WHICH APPEARS TO BE A MASTER REGULATOR OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY LARGE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. IN ORDER TO FIND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON AGEING AND OBESITY, WHICH ARE T2D RISK FACTORS, AND EXAMINES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGES. WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE KLF14 PROMOTER REGION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE FOR COMPARING AGING AND WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE SITES WERE INCREASED WITH AGING AND WEIGHT IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE KIDNEY, THE LUNG, THE COLON AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. IN ADDITION, IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD, THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY LEVELS. MOREOVER, NOT ONLY KLF14, BUT ALSO EXPRESSION LEVELS OF SOME DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE DECREASED WITH METHYLATION IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION CHANGES OF KLF14 IN THOSE TISSUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION ON THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF OBESITY AND T2D. IN ADDITION, THE METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS MAY SERVE AS A PREDICTIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20 4091  42 MATERNAL PRECONCEPTION BODY MASS INDEX AND OFFSPRING CORD BLOOD DNA METHYLATION: EXPLORATION OF EARLY LIFE ORIGINS OF DISEASE. MATERNAL OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A VARIETY OF COMMON DISEASES IN THE OFFSPRING. ONE POSSIBLE UNDERLYING MECHANISM COULD BE MATERNAL OBESITY INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION. HOWEVER, THIS HYPOTHESIS IS YET TO BE TESTED. WE PERFORMED EPIGENOMIC MAPPING OF CORD BLOOD AMONG 308 BLACK MOTHER-INFANT PAIRS DELIVERED AT TERM AT THE BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP. LINEAR REGRESSION AND PATHWAY ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AND PREPREGNANCY MATERNAL BMI (<25, 25-30, >/=30 KG/M(2) ). THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF 20 CPG SITES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL BMI AT A SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL OF P-VALUE <10(-4) IN THE OVERALL SAMPLE, AND BOYS AND GIRLS, SEPARATELY. ONE CPG SITE REMAINED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS (FDR CORRECTED P-VALUE = 0.04) AND WAS ANNOTATED TO A POTENTIAL CANCER GENE, ZCCHC10. SOME OF THE OTHER CPG SITE ANNOTATED GENES APPEAR TO BE CRITICAL TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCERS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (I.E., WNT16, C18ORF8, ANGPTL2, SAPCD2, ADCY3, PRR16, ERBB2, DOK2, PLAC1). SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS FROM PATHWAY ANALYSIS, SUCH AS INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY AND LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS, LENDS SUPPORT FOR THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF MATERNAL BMI ON THE ABOVE STATED DISORDERS. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PREPREGNANCY MATERNAL BMI MIGHT LEAD TO ALTERATIONS IN OFFSPRING DNA METHYLATION IN GENES RELEVANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RANGE OF COMPLEX CHRONIC DISEASES, PROVIDING EVIDENCE OF TRANS-GENERATIONAL INFLUENCE ON DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY VIA EPIGENETIC MECHANISM.	2014