1 3424 215 HUMAN STEM CELLS ISOLATED FROM ADULT SKELETAL MUSCLE DIFFERENTIATE INTO NEURAL PHENOTYPES. MULTIPOTENT NEURAL STEM CELLS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED FROM THE ADULT [KIRSCHENBAUM B, NEDERGAARD M, PREUSS A, BARAMI K, FRASER RA, GOLDMAN SA. IN VITRO NEURONAL PRODUCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION BY PRECURSOR CELLS DERIVED FROM THE ADULT HUMAN FOREBRAIN. CEREB CORTEX 1994;4(6):576-89; LAYWELL ED, KUKEKOV VG, STEINDLER DA. MULTIPOTENT NEUROSPHERES CAN BE DERIVED FROM FOREBRAIN SUBEPENDYMAL ZONE AND SPINAL CORD OF ADULT MICE AFTER PROTRACTED POSTMORTEM INTERVALS. EXP NEUROL 1999;156:430-3; PLUCHINO S, QUATTRINI A, BRAMBILLA E, GRITTI A, SALANI G, DINA G, ET AL. INJECTION OF ADULT NEUROSPHERES INDUCES RECOVERY IN A CHRONIC MODEL OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. NATURE 2003;422:688-94] AND EMBRYONIC [VESCOVI AL, PARATI EA, GRITTI A, POULIN P, FERRARIO M, WANKE E, ET AL. ISOLATION AND CLONING OF MULTIPOTENTIAL STEM CELLS FROM THE EMBRYONIC HUMAN CNS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSPLANTABLE HUMAN NEURAL STEM CELL LINES BY EPIGENETIC STIMULATION. EXP NEUROL 1999;156:71-83] CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS). IN ADDITION, NEURAL CELLS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN THE CNS BY DIFFERENTIATING STEM CELLS FROM A NON-NEURAL SOURCE DOWN A NEURAL LINEAGE. THIS HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN PERFORMED WITH PLURIPOTENT EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AND ADULT STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM RAT BONE MARROW [WOODBURY D, SCHWARZ EJ, PROCKOP DJ, BLACK IB. ADULT RAT AND HUMAN BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO NEURONS. J NEUROSCI RES 2000;61:364-70; WOODBURY D, REYNOLDS K, BLACK IB. ADULT BONE MARROW STROMAL STEM CELLS EXPRESS GERMLINE, ECTODERMAL, ENDODERMAL, AND MESODERMAL GENES PRIOR TO NEUROGENESIS. J NEUROSCI 2002;69(6):908-17] AND SKELETAL MUSCLE [ROMERO-RAMOS M, VOURC'H P, YOUNG HE, LUCAS PA, WU Y, CHIVATAKARN O, ET AL. NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF STEM CELLS ISOLATED FROM ADULT MUSCLE. J NEUROSCI RES 2002;69:894-907]. PREVIOUSLY, WE HAVE ISOLATED ADULT STEM CELLS FROM HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO MESODERM, ECTODERM, AND ENDODERM. THE FOLLOWING IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED TO DETERMINE WHETHER HUMAN ADULT STEM CELLS BEHAVED SIMILARLY TO RAT ADULT STEM CELLS WHEN BOTH WERE ISOLATED FROM SKELETAL MUSCLE BY THE SAME PROCEDURE [ROMERO-RAMOS M, VOURC'H P, YOUNG HE, LUCAS PA, WU Y, CHIVATAKARN O, ET AL. NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF STEM CELLS ISOLATED FROM ADULT MUSCLE. J NEUROSCI RES 2002;69:894-907] AND SUBJECTED TO THE SAME PROTOCOLS TO INDUCE NEUROGENESIS. THE NEURAL PHENOTYPES THAT WERE CREATED THROUGH THE NEUROCOCKTAIL OR NEUROSPHERE PROTOCOL WERE ANALYZED FOR NEURAL CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH MORPHOLOGY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ANTIBODY LABELING FOR PROTEINS TO NEURONS (RT-97, BETA-TUBULIN III, NF-160, NF-200, AND SYNAPSIN), OLIGODENDROCYTES (CNPASE AND RIP), AND ASTROCYTES (GFAP). A CALCIUM UPTAKE ASSAY ALSO SHOWED RESPONSE TO THE NEURONAL EXCITOTOXIC AGENT GLUTAMIC ACID. IN CONCLUSION, THE NEURAL DIFFERENTIATED STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM ADULT SKELETAL MUSCLE MAY BE A LESS INVASIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CNS DISORDERS OVER CNS DERIVED NEURAL STEM CELLS.	2006	

2 1791  21 EFFECT OF CHRONIC RADIATION ON THE FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) GENOME GROWN FOR SIX CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS IN THE RADIOACTIVE CHERNOBYL AREA. THE GROWTH OF PLANTS UNDER CHRONIC RADIATION STRESS IN THE CHERNOBYL AREA MAY CAUSE CHANGES IN THE GENOME OF PLANTS. TO ASSESS THE EXTENT OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN NUCLEAR DNA, SEEDS OF THE ANNUAL CROP FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) OF THE KYIVSKYI VARIETY, SOWN 21 YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT AND GROWN FOR SIX GENERATIONS IN RADIOACTIVE (RAD) AND REMEDIATED (REM) FIELDS WERE ANALYSED. FLAXSEED USED FOR SOWING FIRST GENERATION, WHICH SERVED AS A REFERENCE (REF), WAS ALSO ANALYSED. THE AFLP (AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM) REVEALED A HIGHER NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ECORI-MSEI LOCI (3.4-FOLD) IN POOLED FLAXSEED SAMPLES HARVESTED FROM THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH THE REM FIELD, INDICATING A LINK BETWEEN THE MUTATION PROCESS IN THE FLAX GENOME AND THE ONGOING ADAPTATION PROCESS. MSAP (METHYLATION-SENSITIVE AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM) DETECTING ECORI-MSPI AND ECORI-HPAII LOCI IN FLAX NUCLEAR DNA GENOME SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION LEVEL, REACHING ABOUT 33% IN EACH OF THE GROUPS STUDIED. ON THE OTHER HAND, SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN OF FLAXSEED SAMPLES HARVESTED FROM THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH CONTROLS WERE DETECTED. PAIRWISE F(ST) COMPARISON REVEALED WITHIN BOTH, ECORI-MSPI AND TRANSFORMED METHYLATION-SENSITIVE DATA SETS MORE THAN A 3-FOLD INCREASE OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH BOTH CONTROLS. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE NUCLEAR GENOME OF FLAX EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RADIATION FOR SIX GENERATIONS HAS MORE MUTATIONS AND USES DNA METHYLATION AS ONE OF THE ADAPTATION MECHANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3  582  21 BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC KAVA EXPOSURE IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH. KAVA KAVA (PIPER METHYSTICUM) IS A MEDICINAL PLANT CONTAINING KAVALACTONES THAT EXERT POTENT SEDATIVE, ANALGESIC AND ANTI-STRESS ACTION. HOWEVER, THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND MOLECULAR TARGETS REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) HAS RECENTLY EMERGED AS A POWERFUL NEW MODEL ORGANISM FOR NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH AND DRUG DISCOVERY. HERE, WE EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO KAVA AND KAVALACTONES ON ADULT ZEBRAFISH ANXIETY, AGGRESSION AND SOCIALITY, AS WELL AS ON THEIR NEUROCHEMICAL, NEUROENDOCRINE AND GENOMIC RESPONSES. SUPPORTING EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED MOLECULAR TARGETS, ACUTE KAVA AND KAVALACTONES EVOKED DOSE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION, UPREGULATED BRAIN EXPRESSION OF EARLY PROTOONCOGENES C-FOS AND C-JUN, ELEVATED BRAIN MONOAMINES AND LOWERED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL. CHRONIC 7-DAY KAVA EXPOSURE EVOKED SIMILAR BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS, DID NOT ALTER CORTISOL LEVELS, AND FAILED TO EVOKE WITHDRAWAL-LIKE STATES UPON DISCONTINUATION. HOWEVER, CHRONIC KAVA UPREGULATED SEVERAL MICROGLIAL (INOS, EGR-2, CD11B), ASTROCYTAL (C3, C4B, S100A), EPIGENETIC (NCOA-1) AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY (IL-1BETA, IL-6, TNFA) BIOMARKER GENES, DOWNREGULATED CD206 AND IL-4, AND DID NOT AFFECT MAJOR APOPTOTIC GENES IN THE BRAIN. COLLECTIVELY, THIS STUDY SUPPORTS ROBUST, EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF KAVA AND KAVALACTONES IN ZEBRAFISH, IMPLICATES BRAIN MONOAMINES IN THEIR ACUTE EFFECTS, AND PROVIDES NOVEL IMPORTANT INSIGHTS INTO POTENTIAL ROLE OF NEUROGLIAL AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LONG-TERM KAVA USE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
4 5017  28 PERSISTENT INFECTION OF CULTURED CELLS WITH MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS (MHV) RESULTS FROM THE EPIGENETIC EXPRESSION OF THE MHV RECEPTOR. THE A59 STRAIN OF MURINE CORONAVIRUS MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS (MHV) CAN CAUSE PERSISTENT INFECTION OF 17C1-1 CELLS AND OTHER MURINE CELL LINES. PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CULTURES RELEASED LARGE AMOUNTS OF VIRUS (10(7) TO 10(8) PFU/ML) AND WERE RESISTANT TO SUPERINFECTION WITH MHV BUT NOT TO INFECTION WITH UNRELATED SEMLIKI FOREST AND VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUSES. THE CULTURE MEDIUM FROM PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CULTURES DID NOT CONTAIN A SOLUBLE INHIBITOR SUCH AS INTERFERON THAT PROTECTED UNINFECTED CELLS FROM INFECTION BY MHV OR VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS. THE PERSISTENT INFECTION WAS CURED IF FEWER THAN 100 CELLS WERE TRANSFERRED DURING SUBCULTURING, AND SUCH CURED CULTURES WERE SUSCEPTIBLE TO REINFECTION AND THE REESTABLISHMENT OF PERSISTENT INFECTION. CULTURES OF 17C1-1 CELLS THAT HAD BEEN NEWLY CLONED FROM SINGLE CELLS CONSISTED OF A MIXTURE OF MHV-RESISTANT AND -SUSCEPTIBLE CELLS. 17C1-1/#97 CELLS, WHICH WERE CURED BY SUBCLONING AFTER 97 PASSAGES OF A PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CULTURE OVER A 1-YEAR PERIOD, CONTAINED 5 TO 10% OF THEIR POPULATION AS SUSCEPTIBLE CELLS, WHILE 17C1-1/#402 CELLS, WHICH WERE CURED BY SUBCLONING AFTER 402 PASSAGES OVER A 3-YEAR PERIOD, HAD LESS THAN 1% SUSCEPTIBLE CELLS. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION CORRELATED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF MHV RECEPTOR GLYCOPROTEIN (MHVR [BGP1A]). FLUORESCENCE-ACTIVATED CELL SORTER ANALYSIS WITH ANTIBODY TO MHVR SHOWED THAT 17C1-1/#97 CELLS CONTAINED A SMALL FRACTION OF MHVR-EXPRESSING CELLS. THESE MHVR-EXPRESSING CELLS WERE SELECTIVELY ELIMINATED WITHIN 24 H AFTER CHALLENGE WITH MHV-A59, AND PRETREATMENT OF 17C1-1/#97 CELLS WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CC1, WHICH BINDS TO THE N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF MHVR, BLOCKED INFECTION. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE SUBPOPULATION OF MHVR-EXPRESSING CELLS WERE INFECTED AND KILLED IN ACUTELY OR PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CULTURES, WHILE THE SUBPOPULATION OF MHVR-NONEXPRESSING CELLS SURVIVED AND PROLIFERATED. THE SUBPOPULATION OF MHVR-NEGATIVE CELLS PRODUCED A SMALL PROPORTION OF PROGENY CELLS THAT EXPRESSED MHVR AND BECAME INFECTED, THEREBY MAINTAINING THE PERSISTENT INFECTION AS A STEADY-STATE CARRIER CULTURE. THUS, IN 17C1-1 CELL CULTURES, THE UNSTABLE OR EPIGENETIC EXPRESSION OF MHVR PERMITTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PERSISTENT, CHRONIC INFECTION.	1995	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5 6636  38 UNRAVELING A NEW PLAYER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATHOGENESIS: THE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN HUR. BACKGROUND: ELAV-LIKE PROTEINS ARE A SMALL FAMILY OF RNA-BINDING PROTEINS THAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PLAYERS IN POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS AND ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. HUR, THE UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, IS ALSO IMPLICATED IN SUSTAINING INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, SUPPORTING THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. INFLAMMATION PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), WHICH REPRESENTS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS. MS IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, WITH A COMPLEX AETIOLOGY INVOLVING GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON THE POTENTIAL ENTANGLEMENT OF HUR IN MS PATHOGENESIS IN PATIENTS. IN THE PRESENT WORK, WE AIMED AT EXPLORING HUR PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM MS PATIENTS, COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF HUR IN MS, WE ALSO INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS SPECIFIC RNA-BINDING PROTEIN AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN, ALSO CONSIDERING THE HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM, GIVEN THAT HSP70-2 MRNA HAS BEEN REPORTED AS A HUR TARGET AND THIS SPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH MS RISK. METHODS: ALLELES AND GENOTYPES FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM WERE ASSESSED, BY USING A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM, FOLLOWED BY DIGESTION WITH RESTRICTION ENZYME, IN MS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. PBMCS FROM A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WERE USED TO EVALUATE HUR AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT BY WESTERN BLOT. RESULTS: PBMCS FROM 52 MS PATIENTS HAD A LOWER HUR AND HIGHER HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARED TO 43 HEALTHY CONTROLS. AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HUR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE RISK OF DEVELOPING MS BY 9.8% (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), CONTROLLING FOR HSP70-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, HSP70-2 RS1061581 GENOTYPE, AGE AND SEX. MOREOVER, HOLDING HUR LEVELS, AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HSP70-2 PROTEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE MS RISK BY 18.1% (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) AND THE GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MS FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 GG CARRIERS IS CONFIRMED. OF INTEREST, MS PATIENTS WITH A MODERATE TO SEVERE FORM OF MS (MSSS >/= 3) SHOWED A TREND TOWARDS A REDUCTION OF HUR PROTEIN LEVELS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH MILD DISEASE SEVERITY (MSSS < 3). CONCLUSIONS: HUR PROTEIN LEVELS ARE REDUCED IN MS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND THE PROTEIN AMOUNT MAY CONTINUE TO DECLINE WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION, SUGGESTING A PUTATIVE ROLE OF THIS RNA-BINDING PROTEIN. MOREOVER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MS PATHOLOGY MAY HAVE DISRUPTED THE LINK BETWEEN HUR AND ITS TARGET TRANSCRIPT HSP70-2. IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO FURTHER EXPLORE THE EXACT ROLE OF HUR IN MS, CONSIDERING THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY WITH OTHER RNA-BINDING FACTORS AND TARGET MRNAS.	2020	
                                                                                                
6  681  32 BRAIN LIPOTOXICITY OF PHYTANIC ACID AND VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS. HARMFUL CELLULAR/MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITIES IN REFSUM DISEASE AND X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY. IT IS INCREASINGLY UNDERSTOOD THAT IN THE AGING BRAIN, ESPECIALLY IN THE CASE OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SOME FATTY ACIDS AT PATHOLOGICALLY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS EXERT DETRIMENTAL ACTIVITIES. TO STUDY SUCH ACTIVITIES, WE HERE ANALYZE GENETIC DISEASES, WHICH ARE DUE TO COMPROMISED METABOLISM OF SPECIFIC FATTY ACIDS, EITHER THE BRANCHED-CHAIN PHYTANIC ACID OR VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (VLCFAS). MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID OR OF VLCFAS DISTURB THE INTEGRITY OF NEURAL CELLS BY IMPAIRING CA(2+) HOMEOSTASIS, ENHANCING OXIDATIVE STRESS OR DE-ENERGIZING MITOCHONDRIA. FINALLY, THESE COMBINED HARMFUL ACTIVITIES ACCELERATE CELL DEATH. MITOCHONDRIA ARE MORE SEVERELY TARGETED BY PHYTANIC ACID THAN BY VLCFAS. THE INSERTION OF VLCFAS INTO THE INNER MEMBRANE DISTORTS THE ARRANGEMENT OF MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS. PHYTANIC ACID EXERTS SPECIFIC PROTONOPHORIC ACTIVITY, INDUCES REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) GENERATION, AND REDUCES ATP GENERATION. A CLEAR INHIBITION OF THE NA(+), K(+)-ATPASE ACTIVITY BY PHYTANIC ACID HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED. IN ADDITION TO THE INSTANTANEOUS EFFECTS, A CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF BRAIN CELLS TO LOW MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID MAY PRODUCE NEURONAL DAMAGE IN REFSUM DISEASE BY ALTERING EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. MYELIN-PRODUCING OLIGODENDROCYTES RESPOND WITH PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY TO VLCFAS. DELETERIOUS ACTIVITY OF VLCFAS ON ENERGY-DEPENDENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS DECLINES WITH INCREASING THE HYDROCARBON CHAIN LENGTH (C22:0 > C24:0 > C26:0). IN CONTRAST, THE REVERSE SEQUENCE HOLDS TRUE FOR CELL DEATH INDUCTION BY VLCFAS (C22:0 < C24:0 < C26:0). IN ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY, THE UPTAKE OF VLCFAS BY PEROXISOMES IS IMPAIRED BY DEFECTS OF THE ABCD1 TRANSPORTER. STUDYING MITOCHONDRIA FROM ABCD1-DEFICIENT AND WILD-TYPE MICE PROVES THAT THE ENERGY-DEPENDENT FUNCTIONS ARE NOT ALTERED IN THE DISEASE MODEL. THUS, A DEFECTIVE ABCD1 APPARENTLY EXERTS NO OBVIOUS ADAPTIVE PRESSURE ON MITOCHONDRIA. FURTHER RESEARCH HAS TO ELUCIDATE THE DETAILED MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR THE FAILURES CAUSING FATTY ACID-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION AND SHOULD HELP TO PROVIDE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
7 1016  26 CIITA EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ENZYMES AND HAS A ROLE IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PRE-FORMED FIBRIL-INDUCED ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MURINE MICROGLIAL CELL LINE. AIM: PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER RELATED WITH SEVERAL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS, HISTONE ACETYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECTS OF THE INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION ON ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MICROGLIAL CELLS WHICH WERE INDUCED BY PRE-FORMED FIBRILS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN). METHODS: PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL WAS CREATED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION TO THE BV-2 MICROGLIAL CELLS. BV-2 CELLS WERE CO-TREATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 TO INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. ANTIGEN REPRESENTATION WAS EVALUATED BY DETERMINING EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX-II (MHC-II) AND CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (CIITA). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED MHC-II EXPRESSION, AND THAT EFFECT WAS MOST SEVERE AT 6 H OF ADMINISTRATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION VIA CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 ENHANCED MHC-II LEVELS EXPRESSION, WHICH WAS MORE SEVERE IN CUDC-907. ADDITIONALLY, CIITA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION AND INTENSIFIED WITH THE CO-TREATMENT OF CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. FURTHERMORE, PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN CAUSED A TIME-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN THE IFN-GAMMA (IFN-?) AND INTERLEUKIN-16(IL-16) LEVELS, AND THAT INCREASE WAS POTENTIATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. CONCLUSION: CHANGES IN MHC-II AND CIITA EXPRESSION INDICATE THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASES THE ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PROPERTIES OF MICROGLIAL CELLS AFTER PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN OR HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR (HDACI) ADMINISTRATION. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT MICROGLIAL ANTIGEN PRESENTATION MIGHT HAVE AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN LIKELY TO PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN THIS MECHANISM.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
8 5487  32 REVERSIBLE ALTERATION IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE GAP JUNCTIONAL PROTEIN CONNEXIN 32 DURING TUMOR PROMOTION IN RAT LIVER AND ITS ROLE DURING CELL PROLIFERATION. ALTHOUGH NUMEROUS BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS CAN IDENTIFY PUTATIVE PRENEOPLASTIC ALTERED HEPATIC FOCI (AHF) IN RAT LIVER, NO CONSISTENT PATTERN OF EXPRESSION DURING HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS HAS EMERGED. USING QUANTITATIVE STEREOLOGIC ANALYSES WE DEMONSTRATED THAT DECREASED EXPRESSION OF THE MAJOR HEPATOCYTE GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN, CONNEXIN 32 (CX32), IN RAT AHF IS A CONSISTENT OBSERVATION IN SEVERAL PROTOCOLS OF MULTISTAGE HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS. THIS CHANGE WAS OBSERVED AFTER INITIATION BY EITHER ETHYLNITROSOUREA (ENU) OR DIETHYLNITROSAMINE (DEN), FOLLOWED BY PROMOTION WITH PHENOBARBITAL (PB), DIOXIN, CHLORENDIC ACID, C.I. SOLVENT YELLOW, OR TAMOXIFEN. AHF GENERATED BY WY-14,643, CIPROFIBRATE, AND A CHOLINE/METHIONINE-DEFICIENT DIETARY REGIMEN ALSO SHOWED DECREASED CX32 EXPRESSION. THE DECREASE OF CX32 IN AHF WAS RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF PB, AND THIS CHANGE PRECEDED A REDUCTION IN PLACENTAL ISOZYME OF GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE (GST) EXPRESSION IN THE SAME AHF. WITHIN 20 DAYS OF WITHDRAWAL, FEWER THAN 4% OF GST-POSITIVE AHF WERE CX32 DEFICIENT, WHILE THE VOLUME OF TOTAL AHF DECREASED 30%. CHRONIC PB TREATMENT ALSO RESULTED IN A REVERSIBLE DECREASE IN CX32 SPECIFICALLY IN MID- AND CENTRO-LOBULAR HEPATOCYTES. CONTINUOUS THYMIDINE LABELING DEMONSTRATED THAT CX32 COULD BE UNCOUPLED FROM THE CELL CYCLE, SUGGESTING THAT SOME LIVER PROMOTERS MAY ACT DIRECTLY TO ALTER THE EXPRESSION OF CX32. THESE OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST THAT A DECREASE IN CX32 CONTENT WAS A RELATIVELY COMMON EPIGENETIC CHANGE IN AHF INDUCED DURING HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS BY A NUMBER OF INITIATING AND PROMOTING AGENTS BUT THAT THIS CHANGE WAS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR CARCINOGENESIS. THIS CHANGE, HOWEVER, MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THE MECHANISM(S) OF TUMOR PROMOTION, SINCE CX32-POSITIVE AHF DID NOT PROLIFERATE AS READILY AS CX32-DEFICIENT AHF.	1990	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
9 1843  28 EFFECTS OF TELOMERASE INHIBITOR ON EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYMES IN MALIGNANCIES. TELOMERASE HAS A CRITICAL ROLE IN CELL PROLIFERATION, TUMOR MAINTAINING, AND THERAPY RESISTANCE, WHICH ACT BY MODIFYING MANY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. 2-[(E)-3-NAPHTALEN-2-YL-BUT-2-ENOYLAMINO]-BENZOIC ACID (BIBR1532) IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED TELOMERASE INHIBITORS, AND IT TARGETS TELOMERASE COMPONENTS TERC AND TERT. IN THIS NOVEL STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 ON BOTH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS. K-562 HUMAN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINE AND U87MG GLIOBLASTOMA CELL LINE WERE COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS WITHOUT BIBR1532 TREATMENT. CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETERMINED BY USING WST-1 ASSAY. APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETECTED BY USING ANNEXIN V METHOD. TO ASSESS EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE HUMAN EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYME GENES, TOTAL RNA WAS ISOLATED FROM K-562 AND U87MG CELLS TREATED WITH BIBR1532 AND UNTREATED CONTROL CELLS. BIBR1532 INDUCED 2.41-FOLD APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN U87MG CELL LINES COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS. APOPTOSIS WAS SLIGHTLY INDUCED IN K-562 CELLS WITH BIBR1532 TREATMENT COMPARED WITH CONTROL CELLS. WE OBSERVED THAT BIBR1532 ALSO REGULATES SIMILAR GENES IN BOTH CELL LINES, AND IT IS USEFUL ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. AS A RESULT, TELOMERASE INHIBITOR BIBR1532 HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON BOTH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
10 1421  21 DIFFERENTIAL BRAIN ADRA2A AND ADRA2C GENE EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA. EFFECT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG TREATMENT. POSTSYNAPTIC ALPHA(2A)-ADRENOCEPTOR DENSITY IS ENHANCED IN THE DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (DLPFC) OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC-TREATED SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS. THIS ALTERATION MIGHT BE DUE TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION, AND COULD BE REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS HISTONE POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS (PTMS). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE ADRA2A AND ADRA2C GENE EXPRESSION (CODIFYING FOR ALPHA(2)-ADRENOCEPTOR SUBTYPES), AND PERMISSIVE AND REPRESSIVE HISTONE PTMS AT GENE PROMOTER REGIONS IN THE DLPFC OF SUBJECTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND MATCHED CONTROLS (N = 24 PAIRS). WE STUDIED THE EFFECT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC (AP) TREATMENT IN AP-FREE (N = 12) AND AP-TREATED (N = 12) SUBGROUPS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS AND IN RATS ACUTELY AND CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS. ADRA2A MRNA EXPRESSION WAS SELECTIVELY UPREGULATED IN AP-TREATED SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS (+93%) WHEREAS ADRA2C MRNA EXPRESSION WAS UPREGULATED IN ALL SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS (+53%) REGARDLESS OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT. ACUTE AND CHRONIC CLOZAPINE TREATMENT IN RATS DID NOT ALTER BRAIN CORTEX ADRA2A MRNA EXPRESSION BUT INCREASED ADRA2C MRNA EXPRESSION. BOTH ADRA2A AND ADRA2C PROMOTER REGIONS SHOWED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION BY HISTONE METHYLATION AND ACETYLATION IN HUMAN DLPFC. THE UPREGULATION OF ADRA2A EXPRESSION IN AP-TREATED SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS MIGHT BE RELATED TO OBSERVED BIVALENT CHROMATIN AT ADRA2A PROMOTER REGION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA (DEPICTED BY INCREASED PERMISSIVE H3K4ME3 AND REPRESSIVE H3K27ME3) AND COULD BE TRIGGERED BY THE ENHANCED H4K16AC AT ADRA2A PROMOTER. IN CONCLUSION, EPIGENETIC PREDISPOSITION DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATED ADRA2A AND ADRA2C MRNA EXPRESSION IN DLPFC OF SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11 3279  22 HERITABLE ALTERATION IN DNA METHYLATION INDUCED BY NITROGEN-DEFICIENCY STRESS ACCOMPANIES ENHANCED TOLERANCE BY PROGENIES TO THE STRESS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.). CYTOSINE METHYLATION IS RESPONSIVE TO VARIOUS BIOTIC- AND ABIOTIC-STRESSES, WHICH MAY PRODUCE HERITABLE EPIALLELES. NITROGEN (N)-DEFICIENCY IS AN ABIOTIC STRESS BEING REPEATEDLY EXPERIENCED BY PLANTS. TO ADDRESS POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF N-DEFICIENCY-STRESS, WE INVESTIGATED THE STABILITY OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) SUBSEQUENT TO A CHRONIC (A WHOLE-GENERATION) N-DEFICIENCY AT TWO LEVELS, MODERATE (20MG/L) AND SEVERE (10MG/L), UNDER HYDROPONIC CULTURE. MSAP ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT LOCUS-SPECIFIC METHYLATION ALTERATION OCCURRED IN LEAF-TISSUE OF THE STRESSED PLANTS (S(0)) EXPERIENCING EITHER LEVEL OF N-DEFICIENCY, WHICH WAS VALIDATED BY GEL-BLOTTING. ANALYSIS ON THREE NON-STRESSED SELF-FED PROGENIES (S(1), S(2) AND S(3)) BY GEL-BLOTTING INDICATED THAT CA. 50% OF THE ALTERED METHYLATION PATTERNS IN SOMATIC CELLS (LEAF) OF THE STRESSED S(0) PLANTS WERE RECAPTURED IN S(1), WHICH WERE THEN STABLY INHERITED TO S(2) AND S(3). BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF TWO VARIANT MSAP LOCI WITH HOMOLOGY TO LOW-COPY RETROTRANSPOSONS ON ONE STRESSED PLANT (S(0)) AND ITS NON-STRESSED PROGENIES (S(1) AND S(2)) SHOWED THAT WHEREAS ONE LOCUS EXHIBITED LIMITED AND NON-HERITABLE CHH METHYLATION ALTERATION, THE OTHER LOCUS MANIFESTED DRAMATIC HERITABLE HYPERMETHYLATION AT NEARLY ALL CYTOSINE SITES WITHIN THE ASSAYED REGION. INTRIGUINGLY, WHEN TWO GROUPS OF S(2) PLANTS DESCENDED FROM THE SAME N-DEFICIENCY-STRESSED S(0) PLANT WERE RE-SUBJECTED TO THE STRESS, THE GROUP INHERITING THE MODIFIED METHYLATION PATTERNS SHOWED ENHANCED TOLERANCE TO THE N-DEFICIENCY-STRESS COMPARED WITH THE GROUP BEARING THE ORIGINAL PATTERNS. OUR RESULTS THUS DEMONSTRATE HERITABILITY OF AN ACQUIRED ADAPTIVE TRAIT IN RICE, WHICH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF MODIFIED CYTOSINE METHYLATION PATTERNS, IMPLICATING AN EPIGENETIC BASIS UNDERLYING THE INHERITANCE OF AN ACQUIRED TRAIT IN PLANTS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12 1951  31 EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF THE TUSC3 GENE AS A POTENTIAL THERAPY FOR XMEN DISEASE. BACKGROUND: X-LINKED MAGT1 DEFICIENCY WITH INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION AND N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION DEFECT (XMEN) DISEASE IS A RARE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY CAUSED BY LOSS-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN THE MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 (MAGT1) GENE. MAGT1 DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS MAGNESIUM TRANSPORT AND THE N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION OF A PANEL OF PROTEINS, WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY ABOLISHES THE EXPRESSION OF KEY IMMUNE RECEPTORS SUCH AS NATURAL KILLER GROUP 2, MEMBER D (AKA NKG2D). THESE EFFECTS INDUCE IMMUNE SYSTEM ABNORMALITIES, CHRONIC EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION, AND NEOPLASIA. RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT MAGT1 AND TUMOR CANDIDATE SUPPRESSOR 3 (TUSC3) SHARE HIGH SEQUENCE AND FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE FEASIBILITY OF ACTIVATING TUSC3 EXPRESSION TO PROVIDE A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR XMEN DISEASE. METHODS: THE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF MAGT1 AND TUSC3 WERE ANALYZED USING MULTIPLE DATABASES, REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR, AND WESTERN BLOT. THE EFFECTS OF DECITABINE AND PANOBINOSTAT ON THE REGULATION OF TUSC3 EXPRESSION WERE EXPLORED IN BOTH MAGT1 KNOCKOUT (KO)/PATIENT-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES AND MAGT1 KO HEPATOCYTES. RESULTS: ALTHOUGH TUSC3 IS WIDELY EXPRESSED, IT IS UNDETECTABLE SPECIFICALLY IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LIVER, CONSISTENT WITH THE MAIN DISEASED TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH XMEN DISEASE. CRISPR/CAS9-MEDIATED KO OF MAGT1 IN THE NKL CELL LINE SUCCESSFULLY MIMICKED THE PHENOTYPES OF XMEN PATIENT-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES, AND EXOGENOUS EXPRESSION OF TUSC3 RESCUED THE DEFICIENCIES IN KO NKL CELLS. USING THIS IN VITRO MODEL, WE IDENTIFIED 2 EPIGENETIC DRUGS, DECITABINE AND PANOBINOSTAT, BY SCREENING. COMBINATION TREATMENT USING THESE 2 DRUGS SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED TUSC3 EXPRESSION AND RESCUED THE IMMUNE AND LIVER ABNORMALITIES. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF TUSC3 EXPRESSION CONSTITUTES AN EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR XMEN DISEASE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13 2080  25 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION OF EBI3 MODULATES HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-35 FORMATION VIA NFKB SIGNALING: A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC OPTION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC), A SEVERE CHRONIC DISEASE WITH UNCLEAR ETIOLOGY THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR COLORECTAL CANCER, IS ACCOMPANIED BY DYSREGULATION OF CYTOKINES. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-INDUCED GENE 3 (EBI3) ENCODES A SUBUNIT IN THE UNIQUE HETERODIMERIC IL-12 CYTOKINE FAMILY OF EITHER PRO- OR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTION. AFTER HAVING RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED THAT UPREGULATION OF EBI3 BY HISTONE ACETYLATION ALLEVIATES DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN A DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-TREATED MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC COLITIS, WE NOW AIMED TO EXAMINE A POSSIBLE FURTHER EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF EBI3 BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. TREATMENT WITH THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (DNMTI) DECITABINE (DAC) AND TNFALPHA LED TO SYNERGISTIC UPREGULATION OF EBI3 IN HUMAN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS (HCEC). USE OF DIFFERENT SIGNALING PATHWAY INHIBITORS INDICATED NFKAPPAB SIGNALING WAS NECESSARY AND PROPORTIONAL TO THE SYNERGISTIC EBI3 INDUCTION. MALDI-TOF/MS AND HPLC-ESI-MS/MS ANALYSIS OF DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC IDENTIFIED IL-12P35 AS THE MOST PROBABLE BINDING PARTNER TO FORM A FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN. EBI3/IL-12P35 HETERODIMERS (IL-35) INDUCE THEIR OWN GENE UPREGULATION, SOMETHING THAT WAS INDEED OBSERVED IN HCEC CULTURED WITH MEDIA FROM PREVIOUSLY DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT UNDER INFLAMMATORY AND DEMETHYLATING CONDITIONS THE UPREGULATION OF EBI3 RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IL-35, WHICH MIGHT BE CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN COLITIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  768  24 CD47 (CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 47). CD47, ALSO KNOWN AS INTEGRIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, IS A CONSTITUTIVELY AND UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR. CD47 IS CONSERVED ACROSS AMNIOTES INCLUDING MAMMALS, REPTILES, AND BIRDS. EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN MANY CANCERS AND, IN NON-MALIGNANT CELLS, BY STRESS AND WITH AGING. THE UP-REGULATION OF CD47 EXPRESSION IS GENERALLY EPIGENETIC, WHEREAS GENE AMPLIFICATION OCCURS WITH LOW FREQUENCY IN SOME CANCERS. CD47 IS A HIGH AFFINITY SIGNALING RECEPTOR FOR THE SECRETED PROTEIN THROMBOSPONDIN-1 (THBS1) AND THE COUNTER-RECEPTOR FOR SIGNAL REGULATORY PROTEIN-ALPHA (SIRPA, SIRPALPHA) AND SIRPGAMMA (SIRPG). CD47 INTERACTION WITH SIRPALPHA SERVES AS A MARKER OF SELF TO INNATE IMMUNE CELLS AND THEREBY PROTECTS CANCER CELLS FROM PHAGOCYTIC CLEARANCE. CONSEQUENTLY, HIGHER CD47 CORRELATES WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS IN SOME CANCERS, AND THERAPEUTIC BLOCKADE CAN SUPPRESS TUMOR GROWTH BY ENHANCING INNATE ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY. CD47 EXPRESSED ON CYTOTOXIC T CELLS, DENDRITIC CELLS, AND NK CELLS MEDIATES INHIBITORY THBS1 SIGNALING THAT FURTHER LIMITS ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY. CD47 LATERALLY ASSOCIATES WITH SEVERAL INTEGRINS AND THEREBY REGULATES CELL ADHESION AND MIGRATION. CD47 HAS ADDITIONAL LATERAL BINDING PARTNERS IN SPECIFIC CELL TYPES, AND LIGATION OF CD47 IN SOME CASES MODULATES THEIR FUNCTION. THBS1-CD47 SIGNALING IN NON-MALIGNANT CELLS INHIBITS NITRIC OXIDE/CGMP, CALCIUM, AND VEGF SIGNALING, MITOCHONDRIAL HOMEOSTASIS, STEM CELL MAINTENANCE, PROTECTIVE AUTOPHAGY, AND DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE, AND PROMOTES NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVITY. CD47 SIGNALING IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATOR OF PLATELET ACTIVATION, ANGIOGENESIS AND BLOOD FLOW. THBS1/CD47 SIGNALING IS FREQUENTLY DYSREGULATED IN CHRONIC DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
15 4766  24 NT-4/5 AND LIF, BUT NOT NT-3 AND BDNF, PROMOTE NPY MRNA EXPRESSION IN CORTICAL NEURONS IN THE ABSENCE OF SPONTANEOUS BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY. EPIGENETIC FACTORS ARE KNOWN TO INFLUENCE THE DIFFERENTIATION OF NEOCORTICAL NEURONS. THE PRESENT STUDY ANALYSES THE ROLE OF SPONTANEOUS BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (SBA) AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS ON THE EXPRESSION OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) IN RAT VISUAL CORTICAL NEURONS USING ORGANOTYPIC MONOCULTURES PREPARED FROM NEWBORN ANIMALS AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION TO DETECT THE NPY MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID (MRNA). SPONTANEOUSLY ACTIVE CORTEX CULTURES DISPLAY NPY MRNA EXPRESSION IN ABOUT 7% OF ALL CORTICAL NEURONS FROM 10 DAYS IN VITRO (DIV) ON. BLOCKING THE SBA BY CHRONIC APPLICATION OF 10 MM MG2+ FOR 3-30 DIV REDUCES THE PERCENTAGE OF NPY NEURONS TO ABOUT 2%. ALLOWING AN INITIAL PHASE OF SBA (1-20 DIV) FOLLOWED BY AN SBA BLOCKADE (FOR 21-50 DIV) RESULTS IN 2% LABELLED NEURONS, INDICATING A DRAMATIC REDUCTION OF NPY MRNA EXPRESSION IN THE ABSENCE OF SBA. SURPRISINGLY, THE REVERSE EXPERIMENT (A PERIOD OF SBA BLOCKADE FOR 1-20 DIV FOLLOWED BY A PERIOD OF SBA RECOVERY FOR 21-40 DIV) DOES NOT CAUSE AN UPREGULATION OF NPY MRNA EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, ALLOWING CULTURES TO DIFFERENTIATE AS SPONTANEOUSLY ACTIVE CULTURES, THEN APPLYING A TRANSIENT PERIOD OF SBA BLOCKADE WHICH IS FOLLOWED BY A SECOND PERIOD OF SBA, DOES RESCUE THE NPY MRNA EXPRESSION IN 7% OF THE CORTICAL NEURONS. WE CONCLUDE THAT SBA IS A MAIN TRIGGER FOR NPY MRNA EXPRESSION AND IT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT DURING AN EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD OF DIFFERENTIATION. WE THEN ANALYSED WHETHER NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS KNOWN TO MODULATE CORTICAL NEUROPEPTIDE EXPRESSION ARE ABLE TO DO SO IN THE ABSENCE OF SBA. SUPPLEMENTING CHRONICALLY BLOCKED CULTURES WITH THE NEUROTROPHINS, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), NEUROTROPHIN-3 (NT-3), NEUROTROPHIN-4/5 (NT-4/5) AND THE CYTOKINE, LEUKAEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF), REVEALS THAT BDNF AND NT-3 ARE UNABLE TO INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF NPY NEURONS. IN CONTRAST, LIF AND NT-4/5 INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF NPY NEURONS TO 4 AND 6-7%, RESPECTIVELY. MOREOVER, NEURONS TREATED WITH NT-4/5 DISPLAY A VERY HIGH LEVEL OF NPY MRNA EXPRESSION IN SOMATA AND IN THE DENDRITIC TREES. THE DATA SUGGEST A COMPLEX INTERPLAY AND A HIERARCHY OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN REGULATING THE NEUROCHEMICAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE DEVELOPING NEOCORTEX.	1998	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
16 2674  28 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17 1679  31 DRUG RESISTANCE IN GIARDIA DUODENALIS. GIARDIA DUODENALIS IS A MICROAEROPHILIC PARASITE OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO DIARRHEAL AND POST-INFECTIOUS CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE WORLD-WIDE. TREATMENT OF G. DUODENALIS INFECTION CURRENTLY RELIES ON A SMALL NUMBER OF DRUG CLASSES. NITROHETEROCYCLICS, IN PARTICULAR METRONIDAZOLE, HAVE REPRESENTED THE FRONT LINE TREATMENT FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS. NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS AND CREATED IN VITRO, PROMPTING CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH INTO THE BIOMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE REDOX-ACTIVE AND ARE BELIEVED TO DAMAGE PROTEINS AND DNA AFTER BEING ACTIVATED BY OXIDOREDUCTASE ENZYMES IN METABOLICALLY ACTIVE CELLS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR PHENOTYPES OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS DESCRIBED TO DATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTIST'S UNUSUAL GLYCOLYTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS. WE PROPOSE THAT RESISTANCE MECHANISMS ARE LIKELY TO EXTEND WELL BEYOND CURRENTLY DESCRIBED RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED ENZYMES (I.E., PYRUVATE FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASES AND NITROREDUCTASES), TO INCLUDE NAD(P)H- AND FLAVIN-GENERATING PATHWAYS, AND POSSIBLY REDOX-SENSITIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION. MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW G. DUODENALIS TO TOLERATE OXIDATIVE STRESS MAY LEAD TO RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTH OXYGEN AND NITROHETEROCYCLICS, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL CONTROL. THE PRESENT REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE POTENTIAL FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY TOOLS AND ADVANCED BIOINFORMATICS TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE MULTIFACETED MECHANISMS OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC RESISTANCE IN THIS IMPORTANT PATHOGEN.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
18 5340  32 QUORUM SENSING AND VIRULENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA DURING LUNG INFECTION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS. PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IS THE PREDOMINANT MICROORGANISM IN CHRONIC LUNG INFECTION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS. THE CHRONIC LUNG INFECTION IS PRECEDED BY INTERMITTENT COLONIZATION. WHEN THE CHRONIC INFECTION BECOMES ESTABLISHED, IT IS WELL ACCEPTED THAT THE ISOLATED STRAINS DIFFER PHENOTYPICALLY FROM THE INTERMITTENT STRAINS. DOMINATING CHANGES ARE THE SWITCH TO MUCOIDITY (ALGINATE OVERPRODUCTION) AND LOSS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VIRULENCE SUCH AS THE QUORUM SENSING (QS). TO ELUCIDATE THE DYNAMICS OF P. AERUGINOSA QS SYSTEMS DURING LONG TERM INFECTION OF THE CF LUNG, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED 238 ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM 152 CF PATIENTS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF INFECTION RANGING FROM INTERMITTENT TO LATE CHRONIC. ISOLATES WERE CHARACTERIZED WITH REGARD TO QS SIGNAL MOLECULES, ALGINATE, RHAMNOLIPID AND ELASTASE PRODUCTION AND MUTANT FREQUENCY. THE GENETIC BASIS FOR CHANGE IN QS REGULATION WERE INVESTIGATED AND IDENTIFIED BY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF LASR, RHLR, LASI AND RHLI. THE FIRST QS SYSTEM TO BE LOST WAS THE ONE ENCODED BY LAS SYSTEM 12 YEARS (MEDIAN VALUE) AFTER THE ONSET OF THE LUNG INFECTION WITH SUBSEQUENT LOSS OF THE RHL ENCODED SYSTEM AFTER 17 YEARS (MEDIAN VALUE) SHOWN AS DEFICIENCIES IN PRODUCTION OF THE 3-OXO-C12-HSL AND C4-HSL QS SIGNAL MOLECULES RESPECTIVELY. THE CONCOMITANT DEVELOPMENT OF QS MALFUNCTION SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE REDUCED PRODUCTION OF RHAMNOLIPIDS AND ELASTASE AND WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF MUTATIONS IN THE REGULATORY GENES LASR AND RHLR. ACCUMULATION OF MUTATIONS IN BOTH LASR AND RHLR CORRELATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERMUTABILITY. INTERESTINGLY, A HIGHER NUMBER OF MUCOID ISOLATES WERE FOUND TO PRODUCE C4-HSL SIGNAL MOLECULES AND RHAMNOLIPIDS COMPARED TO THE NON-MUCOID ISOLATES. AS SEEN FROM THE PRESENT DATA, WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT P. AERUGINOSA AND PARTICULARLY THE MUCOID STRAINS DO NOT LOSE THE QS REGULATION OR THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE RHAMNOLIPIDS UNTIL THE LATE STAGE OF THE CHRONIC INFECTION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19  238  17 ADENOSINE KINASE: A KEY REGULATOR OF PURINERGIC PHYSIOLOGY. ADENOSINE (ADO) IS AN ESSENTIAL BIOMOLECULE FOR LIFE THAT PROVIDES CRITICAL REGULATION OF ENERGY UTILIZATION AND HOMEOSTASIS. ADENOSINE KINASE (ADK) IS AN EVOLUTIONARY ANCIENT RIBOKINASE DERIVED FROM BACTERIAL SUGAR KINASES THAT IS WIDELY EXPRESSED IN ALL FORMS OF LIFE, TISSUES AND ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT TIGHTLY REGULATES INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR ADO CONCENTRATIONS. THE FACILE ABILITY OF ADK TO ALTER ADO AVAILABILITY PROVIDES A "SITE AND EVENT" SPECIFICITY TO THE ENDOGENOUS PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ADO IN SITUATIONS OF CELLULAR STRESS. IN ADDITION TO MODULATING THE ABILITY OF ADO TO ACTIVATE ITS COGNATE RECEPTORS (P1 RECEPTORS), NUCLEAR ADK ISOFORM ACTIVITY HAS BEEN LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BASED ON TRANSMETHYLATION PATHWAYS. PREVIOUS DRUG DISCOVERY RESEARCH HAS TARGETED ADK INHIBITION AS A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO MANAGE EPILEPSY, PAIN, AND INFLAMMATION. THESE EFFORTS GENERATED MULTIPLE CLASSES OF HIGHLY POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITORS. HOWEVER, CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY ADK INHIBITORS WAS STOPPED DUE TO APPARENT MECHANISTIC TOXICITY AND THE LACK OF SUITABLE TRANSLATIONAL MARKERS. NEW INSIGHTS REGARDING THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE NUCLEAR ADK ISOFORM (ADK-LONG) IN THE EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF MALADAPTIVE DNA METHYLATION OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING NOVEL ADK-ISOFORM SELECTIVE INHIBITORS AND NEW INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGIES THAT ARE INDEPENDENT OF ADO RECEPTOR ACTIVATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
20 5511  21 RIBONUCLEASES IN TUMOR GROWTH. THIS REVIEW SUMMARIZES DATA ON AMBIGUOUS BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF RIBONUCLEASES (RNASES) AT TUMOR GROWTH. IN SOME CASES THE RAISED LEVEL OF ENZYME ACTIVITY IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS CAN BE REGARDED AS AN ADDITIONAL MARKER OF MALIGNANT GROWTH (PANCREAS CANCER, CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, ETC.). AT THE SAME TIME THE ACTIVITY OF RNASES IS OFTEN LOWERED IN TUMOR TISSUE. HIGH SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF PARTICULAR RNASES PROVIDES METABOLIC BALANCE BETWEEN VARIOUS KINDS OF RNAS WITH VARIOUS HALF-TIME EXCHANGE TURN. RNASES ARE THE IMPORTANT FACTORS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE ACTIVITY IN CELLS. THE ACTIVITY OF RNASES IS ADJUSTABLE BY INHIBITORS AND OTHER FACTORS, AND DEFINES TIME OF EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF RNAS. RNASES (THE MODIFIED VARIANTS OF RNASE A, RNASES OF SEMEN FLUID OF THE CATTLE, RNASE OF AMPHIBIA OOCYTES) CAN BE USED AS ANTI-TUMOR THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. ON THE OTHER HAND, SOME INHIBITORS OF RNASES OF NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC ORIGIN WERE DEMONSTRATED TO BE PERSPECTIVE DRUGS THAT INHIBIT TUMOR GROWTH.	2009