1 3361 175 HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASE JMJD2D/KDM4D AND FAMILY MEMBERS MEDIATE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS ON MOUSE HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND MOOD DISORDERS. DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND RELATED MOOD DISORDERS ARE MAJOR PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES WORLDWIDE, AND CHRONIC STRESS APPEARS TO BE ONE OF THE PRIMARY UNDERLYING CAUSES. THERAPEUTICS TO TREAT THESE DEBILITATING DISORDERS WITHOUT A RELAPSE ARE LIMITED DUE TO THE INCOMPLETE MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ETIOPATHOLOGY. IN ADDITION TO THE WELL-STUDIED GENETIC COMPONENT, RESEARCH IN THE PAST TWO DECADES HAS IMPLICATED DIVERSE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MEDIATING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESSFUL EVENTS ON NEURAL CIRCUITS. THIS INCLUDES THE COGNITIVE CIRCUITRY, WHERE THE DYNAMIC HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS (DG) NEUROGENESIS GETS AFFECTED IN DEPRESSION AND RELATED AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. MOST OF THESE EPIGENETIC STUDIES HAVE FOCUSED ON THE IMPACT OF ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION AND METHYLATION OF SEVERAL HISTONE LYSINE RESIDUES ON NEURAL GENE EXPRESSION. HOWEVER, THERE IS A DEARTH OF INVESTIGATION INTO THE ROLE OF DEMETHYLATION OF THESE LYSINE RESIDUES IN CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN NEUROGENESIS THAT RESULTS IN ALTERED BEHAVIOUR. HERE, USING THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (CSDS) PARADIGM TO INDUCE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN C57BL/6 MICE AND EX VIVO DG NEURAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELL (NSCS/NPCS) CULTURE WE SHOW THE ROLE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE JMJD2/KDM4 FAMILY OF HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES (KDMS) IN MEDIATING STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN DG NEUROGENESIS AND MOOD DISORDERS. THE STUDY SUGGESTS A CRITICAL ROLE OF JMJD2D IN DG NEUROGENESIS. ALTERED ENRICHMENT OF JMJD2D ON THE PROMOTERS OF ID2 (INHIBITOR OF DIFFERENTIATION 2) AND SOX2 (SRY-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2) WAS OBSERVED DURING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NSCS/NPCS OBTAINED FROM THE DG. THIS WOULD AFFECT THE DEMETHYLATION OF REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARK H3K9, THUS ACTIVATING OR REPRESSING THESE AND POSSIBLY OTHER GENES INVOLVED IN REGULATING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF DG NSCS/NPCS. TREATMENT OF THE NSCS/NPCS CULTURE WITH DIMETHYLOXALLYL GLYCINE (DMOG), AN INHIBITOR OF JMJDS, LED TO ATTENUATION IN THEIR PROLIFERATION CAPACITY. ADDITIONALLY, SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF DMOG IN MICE FOR 10 DAYS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE AND ANXIETY-LIKE PHENOTYPE WITHOUT ANY STRESS EXPOSURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 4355  82 MIR-30 FAMILY MIRNAS MEDIATE THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS ON HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS IN MOUSE DEPRESSION MODEL. DEPRESSION IS A DEBILITATING PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER WITH A HIGH RATE OF RELAPSE AND A LOW RATE OF RESPONSE TO ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. THERE IS A DEARTH OF NEW ANTIDEPRESSANTS DUE TO AN INCOMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN ITS ETIOPATHOLOGY. CHRONIC STRESS APPEARS TO BE ONE OF THE FOREMOST UNDERLYING CAUSES OF DEPRESSION. STUDIES IN ANIMAL MODELS IN THE PAST DECADE HAVE IMPLICATED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN MEDIATING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESSFUL EVENTS ON THE PROGRESSION/MANIFESTATION OF DEPRESSION AND OTHER CO-MORBID NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. HOWEVER, NON-CODING RNAS, ANOTHER LAYER OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS RELATIVELY LESS STUDIED IN DEPRESSION. HERE, USING THE CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (CSDS)-INDUCED DEPRESSION MODEL, WE HYPOTHESIZED DYSREGULATION IN MIRNA-MRNA NETWORKS IN THE NEUROGENIC DENTATE GYRUS (DG) REGION OF MALE C57BL/6 MICE. AMONG SEVERAL DYSREGULATED MIRNAS IDENTIFIED VIA MIRNA ARRAYS, THE MOST STRIKING FINDING WAS THE DOWNREGULATION OF MIRNAS OF THE MIR-30 FAMILY IN STRESSED/DEFEATED MICE. TO INVESTIGATE MIRNAS IN THE DG-RESIDENT NEURAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS (NSCS/NPCS), WE USED THE IN VITRO NEUROSPHERE CULTURE, WHERE PROLIFERATING NSCS/NPCS WERE SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENTIATION. AMONG SEVERAL DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS, WE OBSERVED AN UPREGULATION OF MIR-30 FAMILY MIRNAS UPON DIFFERENTIATION. TO SEARCH FOR THE GENE TARGETS OF THESE MIRNAS, WE PERFORMED GENE ARRAYS FOLLOWED BY BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS, MIRNA MANIPULATIONS AND LUCIFERASE ASSAYS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MIR-30 FAMILY MIRNAS MEDIATE CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE PHENOTYPE BY ALTERING HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS AND NEUROPLASTICITY VIA CONTROLLING THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORS SUCH AS MLL3 AND RUNX1; AND CELL SIGNALING REGULATORS LIKE SOCS3, PPP3R1, GPR125, AND NRP1.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3 5219  46 PREVIOUS HISTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS CHANGES THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO GLUCOCORTICOID CHALLENGE IN THE DENTATE GYRUS REGION OF THE MALE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. CHRONIC STRESS IS A RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES, SUCH AS DEPRESSION AND PSYCHOSIS. IN RESPONSE TO STRESS GLUCOCORTICOIDS (GCS) ARE SECRETED THAT BIND TO MINERALOCORTICOID AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS, LIGAND-ACTIVATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS THAT REGULATE THE TRANSCRIPTION OF GENE NETWORKS IN THE BRAIN NECESSARY FOR COPING WITH STRESS, RECOVERY, AND ADAPTATION. CHRONIC STRESS PARTICULARLY AFFECTS THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG) SUBREGION OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS, CAUSING SEVERAL FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES WITH CONSEQUENCES FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY, WHICH ARE LIKELY ADAPTIVE BUT AT THE SAME TIME MAKE DG NEURONS MORE VULNERABLE TO SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE OF DG NEURONS TO A GC CHALLENGE IN MALE RATS PREVIOUSLY EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS). AN INTRIGUING FINDING OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS THAT HAVING A HISTORY OF CRS HAD PROFOUND CONSEQUENCES FOR THE SUBSEQUENT RESPONSE TO ACUTE GC CHALLENGE, DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL HUNDREDS OF GENES IN THE DG COMPARED WITH CHALLENGED NONSTRESSED CONTROL ANIMALS. THIS ENDURING EFFECT OF PREVIOUS STRESS EXPOSURE SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES MAY BE INVOLVED. IN LINE WITH THIS, CRS INDEED AFFECTED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL GENES INVOLVED IN CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, INCLUDING ASF1, ASH1L, HIST1H3F, AND TP63. THE DATA PRESENTED HERE INDICATE THAT CRS ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSE TO A SUBSEQUENT GC INJECTION. WE PROPOSE THAT THIS ALTERED TRANSCRIPTIONAL POTENTIAL FORMS PART OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ENHANCED VULNERABILITY FOR STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS LIKE DEPRESSION CAUSED BY CHRONIC STRESS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4 5820  47 STRESS DYNAMICALLY REGULATES BEHAVIOR AND GLUTAMATERGIC GENE EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPUS BY OPENING A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY. EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN BOTH ADAPTIVE AND DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF STRESSORS ON THE BRAIN, AND DYSREGULATED GLUTAMATE HOMEOSTASIS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. HERE, WE ELUCIDATE MECHANISMS OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN A HISTORY OF CHRONIC STRESS AND FAMILIAR AND NOVEL ACUTE STRESSORS THAT ALTER EXPRESSION OF ANXIETY- AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ACUTE RESTRAINT AND ACUTE FORCED SWIM STRESSORS INDUCE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON THESE BEHAVIORS IN NAIVE MICE AND IN MICE WITH A HISTORY OF CHRONIC-RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS). THEY REVEAL A KEY ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF THE PUTATIVE PRESYNAPTIC TYPE 2 METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE (MGLU2) RECEPTORS AND THE POSTSYNAPTIC NR1/NMDA RECEPTORS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PARTICULARLY IN THE DENTATE GYRUS (DG), A REGION OF ACTIVE NEUROGENESIS AND A TARGET OF ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. WE SHOW CHANGES IN DG LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP) THAT PARALLEL BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, WITH HABITUATION TO THE SAME ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESSOR AND SENSITIZATION TO A NOVEL FORCED-SWIM STRESSOR. IN WT MICE AFTER CRS AND IN UNSTRESSED MICE WITH A BDNF LOSS-OF-FUNCTION ALLELE (BDNF VAL66MET), WE SHOW THAT THE EPIGENETIC ACTIVATOR OF HISTONE ACETYLATION, P300, PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN THE DYNAMIC UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF MGLU2 IN HIPPOCAMPUS VIA HISTONE-3-LYSINE-27-ACETYLATION (H3K27AC) WHEN ACUTE STRESSORS ARE APPLIED. THESE HIPPOCAMPAL RESPONSES REVEAL A WINDOW OF EPIGENETIC PLASTICITY THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR TREATMENT OF DISORDERS IN WHICH GLUTAMATERGIC TRANSMISSION IS DYSREGULATED.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
5 3363  73 HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES OF JMJD2 OR KDM4 FAMILY ARE IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC REGULATORS IN REWARD CIRCUITRY IN THE ETIOPATHOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS DEBILITATING MENTAL ILLNESS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CONTRIBUTORS TO GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE, BUT UNFORTUNATELY NEWER AND BETTER DRUGS ARE NOT FORTHCOMING. THE REASON IS LACK OF COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS DISORDER. RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS DYSREGULATION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS, PARTICULARLY THE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSIVE DI- AND TRI-METHYLATION OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 (H3K9ME2/ME3) IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A CRITICAL REGION OF THE REWARD PATHWAY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANHEDONIA, THE HALLMARK OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASES, WHICH CAN REMOVE METHYLATION FROM H3K9, IN PARTICULAR JUMONJI DOMAIN CONTAINING DEMETHYLASES 2 OR JMJD2 FAMILY, HAS NOT BEEN STUDIED. USING SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS-INDUCED MOUSE MODEL OF DEPRESSION, THIS STUDY UNCOVERED THAT TRANSCRIPTS OF MOST OF THE JMJD2 MEMBERS WERE UNCHANGED AFTER 5 DAYS OF DEFEAT DURING THE ONSET OF DEPRESSION, BUT WERE DOWNREGULATED AFTER 10 DAYS OF DEFEAT IN FULL-BLOWN DEPRESSION. BLOCKING THE JUMONJI DOMAIN CONTAINING DEMETHYLASES BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF INHIBITORS DIMETHYLOXALYLGLYCINE (DMOG) AND ML324 RESULTED IN DEPRESSION-LIKE PHENOTYPE EVEN IN ABSENCE OF STRESS EXPOSURE, WHICH WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REPRESSIVE EPIGENETIC MARKS H3K9ME2/ME3 IN NAC, CAUSING ALTERED NEUROPLASTIC CHANGES AS REPORTED IN NAC IN DEPRESSION MODELS. THUS, WE REPORT FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT JMJD2 CLASS DEMETHYLASES ARE CRITICAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS INVOLVED IN ETIOPATHOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND RELATED DISORDERS AND ACTIVATION OF THESE DEMETHYLASES CAN BE A GOOD STRATEGY IN THE TREATMENT OF MDD AND RELATED PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6 1790  42 EFFECT OF CHRONIC MILD STRESS ON HIPPOCAMPAL TRANSCRIPTOME IN MICE SELECTED FOR HIGH AND LOW STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA AND DISPLAYING DIFFERENT EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORS. THERE IS INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT MOOD DISORDERS MAY DERIVE FROM THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE ON GENETICALLY SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS. STRESS-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN DEPRESSION. WE STUDIED HIPPOCAMPAL TRANSCRIPTOMES IN STRAINS OF MICE THAT DISPLAY HIGH (HA) AND LOW (LA) SWIM STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA AND THAT DIFFER IN EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORS AND RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS. CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) AFFECTED EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF GENES COMMON FOR BOTH STRAINS. CMS ALSO PRODUCED STRAIN SPECIFIC CHANGES IN EXPRESSION SUGGESTING THAT HIPPOCAMPAL RESPONSES TO STRESS DEPEND ON GENOTYPE. CONSIDERABLY LARGER NUMBER OF GENES, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS, BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS, AND GENE NETWORKS WERE AFFECTED BY CMS IN LA THAN IN HA MICE. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS AGAINST DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF STRESS INCLUDE GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTERS, AND CHOLINERGIC, CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK), GLUCOCORTICOIDS, AND THYROID HORMONES RECEPTORS. FURTHERMORE, SOME BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES EVOKED BY STRESS AND DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE STRAINS, SUCH AS APOPTOSIS, NEUROGENESIS AND CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LONG-TERM, IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF STRESS AND SUGGEST A ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF MOOD RELATED STRESS RESPONSES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7 6174  49 THE HIPPOCAMPUS, NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS AND DEPRESSION: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DEPRESSION. DEPRESSION IS A PREVALENT, HIGHLY DEBILITATING MENTAL DISORDER AFFECTING UP TO 15% OF THE POPULATION AT LEAST ONCE IN THEIR LIFETIME, WITH HUGE COSTS FOR SOCIETY. NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEPRESSION ARE STILL NOT WELL KNOWN, ALTHOUGH THERE IS CONSENSUS ABOUT INTERPLAY BETWEEN GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS ARE FREQUENTLY USED IN DEPRESSION, BUT AT LEAST 50% OF PATIENTS ARE POOR RESPONDERS, EVEN TO MORE RECENTLY DISCOVERED MEDICATIONS. FURTHERMORE, CLINICAL RESPONSE ONLY OCCURS FOLLOWING WEEKS TO MONTHS OF TREATMENT AND ONLY CHRONIC TREATMENT IS EFFECTIVE, SUGGESTING THAT ACTIONS BEYOND THE RAPIDLY OCCURRING EFFECT OF ENHANCING MONOAMINERGIC SYSTEMS, SUCH AS ADAPTATION OF THESE SYSTEMS, ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE THAT AN IMPAIRMENT OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY (NEUROGENESIS, AXON BRANCHING, DENDRITOGENESIS AND SYNAPTOGENESIS) IN SPECIFIC AREAS OF THE CNS, PARTICULARLY THE HIPPOCAMPUS, MAY BE A CORE FACTOR IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION. THE ABNORMAL NEURAL PLASTICITY MAY BE RELATED TO ALTERATIONS IN THE LEVELS OF NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS, NAMELY BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), WHICH PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN PLASTICITY. AS BDNF IS REPRESSED BY STRESS, EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE BDNF GENE MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN DEPRESSION. THE HIPPOCAMPUS IS SMALLER IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS, ALTHOUGH IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER SMALLER SIZE IS A CONSEQUENCE OF DEPRESSION OR A PRE-EXISTING, VULNERABILITY MARKER FOR DEPRESSION. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS TRIGGERING ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS CAUSE THE BRAIN TO BE EXPOSED TO CORTICOSTEROIDS, AFFECTING NEUROBEHAVIOURAL FUNCTIONS WITH A STRONG DOWNREGULATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS, AND ARE A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR DEPRESSION. ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT INCREASES BDNF LEVELS, STIMULATES NEUROGENESIS AND REVERSES THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF STRESS, BUT THIS EFFECT IS EVIDENT ONLY AFTER 3-4 WEEKS OF ADMINISTRATION, THE TIME COURSE FOR MATURATION OF NEW NEURONS. THE ABLATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS BLOCKS THE BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN ANIMAL MODELS. THE ABOVE FINDINGS SUGGEST NEW POSSIBLE TARGETS FOR THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DEPRESSION SUCH AS NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS, THEIR RECEPTORS AND RELATED INTRACELLULAR SIGNALLING CASCADES; AGENTS COUNTERACTING THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS (INCLUDING ANTAGONISTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS, INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND THEIR RECEPTORS); AND AGENTS FACILITATING THE ACTIVATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND INCREASING THE TRANSCRIPTION OF NEUROTROPHINS IN THE BRAIN.	2011	

8 5467  42 RESILIENT PHENOTYPE IN CHRONIC MILD STRESS PARADIGM IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MIR-18A-5P AND SEROTONIN 5-HT(1A) RECEPTOR IN DORSAL PART OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS. DISTURBED SEROTONERGIC SIGNALING IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OBSERVED IN MANY INDIVIDUALS VULNERABLE TO STRESS HAS BEEN SUGGESTED AS ONE OF THE PRIMARY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN IN THE RESILIENT PHENOTYPE. RESILIENT SUBJECTS MAINTAIN A POSITIVE MOOD AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BALANCE DESPITE BEING UNDER THE STRESS INFLUENCE. IN OUR STUDY, WE GENERATED STRESS-VULNERABLE AND RESILIENT RATS BY USING A CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) PARADIGM. USING DIFFERENT MOLECULAR APPROACHES, WE REVEALED THAT RESILIENT ANIMALS EXHIBITED A SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED EXPRESSION LEVEL OF MIR-18A-5P AND, IN THE SAME TIME, AN ELEVATED LEVEL OF 5-HT1AR IN DORSAL, BUT NOT VENTRAL, PART OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS. DESCRIBED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES WERE NOT OBSERVED IN ANIMALS BEHAVIORALLY VULNERABLE TO STRESS. FURTHER, IN VITRO ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT MIR-18A-5P MAY BE A NEGATIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR OF 5-HT1AR SINCE THE TREATMENT OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS WITH MIR-18A-5P MIMIC SIGNIFICANTLY LOWERED THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF MRNA ENCODING 5-HT1AR. MOREOVER, BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL TARGET GENES EXPRESSED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND BEING REGULATED BY MIR-18A-5P SHOWED THAT THIS MICRORNA MAY REGULATE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS AXONOGENESIS, WHICH ARE IMPORTANT IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN BOTH RATS AND HUMANS. ALL THESE MOLECULAR FEATURES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO SEROTONERGIC HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE AT THE LEVEL OF SEROTONIN TURNOVER OBSERVED IN HIPPOCAMPI OF RESILIENT BUT NOT STRESS-VULNERABLE RATS. DELINEATION OF FURTHER MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS UNDERLYING RESILIENCE TO STRESS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT STRATEGIES WHICH WILL RESTORE RESILIENT PHENOTYPE IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9 4299  38 MICRORNA-15B CONTRIBUTES TO DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN MICE BY AFFECTING SYNAPTIC PROTEIN LEVELS AND FUNCTION IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. MAJOR DEPRESSION IS A PREVALENT AFFECTIVE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY RECURRENT LOW MOOD. IT PRESUMABLY RESULTS FROM STRESS-INDUCED DETERIORATIONS OF MOLECULAR NETWORKS AND SYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS IN BRAIN REWARD CIRCUITS OF GENETICALLY-SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS THROUGH EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. EPIGENETIC REGULATOR MICRORNA-15B INHIBITS NEURONAL PROGENITOR PROLIFERATION AND IS UP-REGULATED IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF MICE THAT DEMONSTRATE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR, INDICATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICRORNA-15 TO MAJOR DEPRESSION. USING A MOUSE MODEL OF MAJOR DEPRESSION INDUCED BY CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS), HERE WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF MICRORNA-15B ON SYNAPSES AND SYNAPTIC PROTEINS IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OF THESE MICE. THE APPLICATION OF A MICRORNA-15B ANTAGOMIR INTO THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE INCIDENCE OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION AND REVERSED THE ATTENUATIONS OF EXCITATORY SYNAPSE AND SYNTAXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 3 (STXBP3A)/VESICLE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (VAMP1) EXPRESSION. IN CONTRAST, THE INJECTION OF A MICRORNA-15B ANALOG INTO THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS INDUCED DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR AS WELL AS ATTENUATED EXCITATORY SYNAPSES AND STXBP3A/VAMP1 EXPRESSION SIMILAR TO THE DOWN-REGULATION OF THESE PROCESSES INDUCED BY THE CUMS. WE CONCLUDE THAT MICRORNA-15B-5P MAY PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION BY DECREASING SYNAPTIC PROTEINS, INNERVATIONS, AND ACTIVITIES IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. WE PROPOSE THAT THE TREATMENT OF ANTI-MICRORNA-15B-5P MAY CONVERT STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSION INTO RESILIENCE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10 4405  44 MOLECULAR ADAPTATIONS OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PROMOTE STRESS RESILIENCE VS. DEPRESSION. PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES SUGGEST THAT INFLAMMATION AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS ALTERS BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) INTEGRITY THROUGH LOSS OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN CLAUDIN-5 (CLDN5) IN MALE MICE, PROMOTING PASSAGE OF CIRCULATING PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THIS EFFECT IS PROMINENT WITHIN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A BRAIN REGION ASSOCIATED WITH MOOD REGULATION; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED ARE UNCLEAR. MOREOVER, COMPENSATORY RESPONSES LEADING TO PROPER BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES AND ACTIVE RESILIENCE ARE UNKNOWN. HERE WE IDENTIFY ACTIVE MOLECULAR CHANGES WITHIN THE BBB ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS RESILIENCE THAT MIGHT SERVE A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR THE NEUROVASCULATURE. WE ALSO CONFIRM THE RELEVANCE OF SUCH CHANGES TO HUMAN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. WE SHOW THAT PERMISSIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CLDN5 EXPRESSION AND LOW ENDOTHELIUM EXPRESSION OF REPRESSIVE CLDN5-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO1 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS RESILIENCE. REGION- AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL-SPECIFIC WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSES REVEALED MOLECULAR SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS VULNERABILITY VS. RESILIENCE. WE IDENTIFIED PROINFLAMMATORY TNFALPHA/NFKAPPAB SIGNALING AND HDAC1 AS MEDIATORS OF STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY. PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF STRESS-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 ACTIVITY RESCUED CLDN5 EXPRESSION IN THE NAC AND PROMOTED RESILIENCE. IMPORTANTLY, WE CONFIRMED CHANGES IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION IN THE NAC OF DEPRESSED PATIENTS WITHOUT ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT IN LINE WITH CLDN5 LOSS. CONVERSELY, MANY OF THESE DELETERIOUS CLDN5-RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES WERE REDUCED IN POSTMORTEM NAC FROM ANTIDEPRESSANT-TREATED SUBJECTS. THESE FINDINGS REINFORCE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING STRESS-INDUCED NEUROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN DEPRESSION AND PROVIDE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO TREAT THIS MOOD DISORDER AND PROMOTE RESILIENCE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11 1331  35 DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HDAC7 REDUCTION IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION INDICATE THE ADAPTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF STABLE MOLECULES IN THE BRAIN THAT MAY BE MANIFESTED AT THE LEVEL OF CHROMATIN REMODELING, SUCH AS HISTONE ACETYLATION. FORMER STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED ALTERATIONS IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DEACETYLATION IN SEVERAL ANIMAL MODELS ABOUT DEPRESSION. HOWEVER, THE SPECIFIC HISTONE DEACETYLASES RELATED WITH DEPRESSION ARE NEEDED TO BE EXPLORED. HERE, SOCIAL AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS, ANXIETY-, AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE ALL FOUND IN MICE SUFFERED FROM CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. MOREOVER, WE ALSO DISCOVERED THAT THE AMOUNT OF THE CLASS II HISTONE DEACETYLASE, HDAC7 RATHER THAN HDAC2, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OF DEFEATED MICE, WHICH SUGGESTED THAT HDAC7 MIGHT BE A CRUCIAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE IN A CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS MODEL. OUR DATA SHOWED THAT THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HDAC7 REDUCTION IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. HDAC7 MIGHT BE A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR DEPRESSION.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  584  48 BEHAVIORAL NEUROADAPTATION TO ALCOHOL: FROM GLUCOCORTICOIDS TO HISTONE ACETYLATION. A PRIME MECHANISM THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ALCOHOLISM IS THE DYSREGULATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS ACTIVITY AND THE RELEASE OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS (CORTISOL IN HUMANS AND PRIMATES, CORTICOSTERONE IN RODENTS) FROM THE ADRENAL GLANDS. IN THE BRAIN, SUSTAINED, LOCAL ELEVATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID CONCENTRATION EVEN LONG AFTER CESSATION OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION COMPROMISES FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY OF A CIRCUIT, INCLUDING THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC), THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC), AND THE AMYGDALA (AMG). THESE STRUCTURES ARE IMPLICATED IN LEARNING AND MEMORY PROCESSES AS WELL AS IN ORCHESTRATING NEUROADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO STRESS AND ANXIETY RESPONSES. THUS, POTENTIATION OF ANXIETY-RELATED NEUROADAPTATION BY ALCOHOL IS CHARACTERIZED BY AN ABNORMALLY AMG HYPERACTIVITY COUPLED WITH A HYPOFUNCTION OF THE PFC AND THE HPC. THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES RESEARCH ON MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS BY WHICH ALCOHOL CAUSES DISTINCT REGION-SPECIFIC ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS AND ULTIMATELY LEADS TO A VARIETY OF COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENTS ON PREFRONTAL- AND HIPPOCAMPAL-BASED TASKS. ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEUROADAPTATIONS INVOLVE THE DYSREGULATION OF NUMEROUS SIGNALING CASCADES, LEADING TO LONG-TERM CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES OF GENES, THROUGH THE ACTIONS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS SUCH AS [CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN (CREB)] AND CHROMATIN REMODELING DUE TO POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONE PROTEINS. WE DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF PREFRONTAL-HPC-AMG CIRCUIT IN MEDIATING THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL ON LEARNING AND MEMORY, AND REGION-SPECIFIC MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. THIS REVIEW FIRST DISCUSSES THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAIN REGION-SPECIFIC DYSREGULATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID CONCENTRATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE AND DESCRIBES HOW PERSISTENTLY INCREASED GLUCOCORTICOID LEVELS IN PFC MAY BE INVOLVED IN MEDIATING WORKING MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS AND NEUROADAPTIVE CHANGES DURING WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE. IT THEN HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF CAMP-PKA-CREB SIGNALING CASCADE AND HISTONE ACETYLATION WITHIN THE PFC AND LIMBIC STRUCTURES IN ALCOHOL-INDUCED ANXIETY AND BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENTS, AND HOW AN UNDERSTANDING OF FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THESE PATHWAYS MIGHT LEAD TO BETTER TREATMENTS FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
13 2598  35 EPIGENETICS OF THE DEPRESSED BRAIN: ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS A CHRONIC, REMITTING SYNDROME INVOLVING WIDELY DISTRIBUTED CIRCUITS IN THE BRAIN. STABLE ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION THAT CONTRIBUTE TO STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN MULTIPLE BRAIN REGIONS ARE IMPLICATED IN THE HETEROGENEITY AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE ILLNESS. EPIGENETIC EVENTS THAT ALTER CHROMATIN STRUCTURE TO REGULATE PROGRAMS OF GENE EXPRESSION HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION-RELATED BEHAVIOR, ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION, AND RESISTANCE TO DEPRESSION OR 'RESILIENCE' IN ANIMAL MODELS, WITH INCREASING EVIDENCE FOR SIMILAR MECHANISMS OCCURRING IN POSTMORTEM BRAINS OF DEPRESSED HUMANS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEPRESSION, IN PARTICULAR THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION, WHICH ARE REVEALING NOVEL MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO THE SYNDROME THAT MAY AID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL TARGETS FOR DEPRESSION TREATMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
14 3952  36 LOCUS-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC REMODELING CONTROLS ADDICTION- AND DEPRESSION-RELATED BEHAVIORS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO DRUGS OF ABUSE OR STRESS REGULATES TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYMES AND HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN DISCRETE BRAIN REGIONS. GIVEN THE PROMISCUITY OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED, IT HAS NOT YET BEEN POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN DIRECT CAUSAL EVIDENCE TO IMPLICATE THE REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION AND CONSEQUENT BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY BY CHROMATIN REMODELING THAT OCCURS AT A SINGLE GENE. WE INVESTIGATED THE MECHANISM LINKING CHROMATIN DYNAMICS TO NEUROBIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA BY APPLYING ENGINEERED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS TO SELECTIVELY MODIFY CHROMATIN AT A SPECIFIC MOUSE GENE IN VIVO. WE FOUND THAT HISTONE METHYLATION OR ACETYLATION AT THE FOSB LOCUS IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A BRAIN REWARD REGION, WAS SUFFICIENT TO CONTROL DRUG- AND STRESS-EVOKED TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES VIA INTERACTIONS WITH THE ENDOGENOUS TRANSCRIPTIONAL MACHINERY. THIS APPROACH ALLOWED US TO RELATE THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE AT A GIVEN GENE DIRECTLY TO REGULATION OF ITS EXPRESSION AND TO ITS SUBSEQUENT EFFECTS ON REWARD BEHAVIOR.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
15  989  40 CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE. OBJECTIVES: ALTHOUGH STRESS IS CONSIDERED A PRIMARY RISK FACTOR FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, A MAJORITY OF INDIVIDUALS ARE RESILIENT TO THE EFFECTS OF STRESS EXPOSURE AND SUCCESSFULLY ADAPT TO ADVERSE LIFE EVENTS, WHILE OTHERS, THE SO-CALLED SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS, MAY HAVE PROBLEMS TO PROPERLY ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO STRESS EXPOSURE ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD.METHODS: ADULT MALE C57BL/6J MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS PROTOCOL AND LEVELS OF BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES WERE ANALYSED BY REAL-TIME PCR IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE.RESULTS: WE FOUND A SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF BDNF-6 TRANSCRIPT IN THE HPC AND AN INCREASE OF BDNF-4 TRANSCRIPT IN THE PFC OF SUSCEPTIBLE MICE. MOREOVER, SUSCEPTIBLE MICE SHOWED A SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF THE G9A MRNA LEVELS IN THE HPC, WHILE HDAC-5 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS WERE SPECIFICALLY REDUCED IN THE PFC.CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR RESULTS, SHOWING A DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE, SUGGEST THAT STRESS RESILIENCE IS NOT SIMPLY A LACK OF ACTIVATION OF STRESS-RELATED PATHWAYS, BUT IS RELATED TO THE ACTIVATION OF ADDITIONAL DIFFERENT SPECIFIC MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16 1981  40 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN DNA AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS: LESSONS FROM THE RODENT MODELS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS REGULATE CHROMATIN FOLDING AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATE TRANSCRIPTION MEDIATING EFFECTS OF VARIOUS STIMULI ON GENE EXPRESSION. THESE MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS INCLUDING NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES SUCH AS DEPRESSION. IN RODENTS, EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS WAS SHOWN TO INDUCE BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENTS AND MEMORY/LEARNING DEFICITS THAT RESEMBLE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE IN HUMANS. THE RODENT MODELS OF CHRONIC STRESS WERE WIDELY USED TO STUDY MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DEPRESSION. IN THESE MODELS, EARLY EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS SUCH AS PRENATAL OR POSTNATAL STRESS INDUCES LONG-TERM HYPERACTIVE STRESS RESPONSES, BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES, AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS IN BRAIN FUNCTION THAT PERSIST IN ADULTHOOD. FURTHERMORE, THESE ALTERATIONS CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING OF CHRONICALLY STRESSED ANIMALS ACROSS SEVERAL GENERATIONS. MOLECULAR STUDIES IN ANIMAL MODELS SHOWED THAT CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES STABLE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN SPECIFIC BRAIN REGIONS, PRIMARILY IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM. THESE CHANGES LEAD TO LONG-LASTING ABNORMALITIES IN BEHAVIOR THAT PERSIST IN ADULTHOOD AND CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OFFSPRING. TREATMENT WITH EPIGENETICALLY ACTIVE ANTIDEPRESSANTS DISRUPTS THE ABNORMAL STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING AND PROVIDES EPIGENETIC PATTERNS THAT RESEMBLE EPIGENETIC BACKGROUND OF STRESS RESILIENT INDIVIDUALS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17 5974  45 TET1 IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OPPOSES DEPRESSION- AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS. DEPRESSION IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DISEASE BURDEN, YET CURRENT THERAPIES FULLY TREAT <50% OF AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS. INCREASING EVIDENCE IMPLICATES EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION. HERE WE EXAMINED A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR THE DNA DIOXYGENASE, TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION PROTEIN 1 (TET1), IN DEPRESSION-RELATED BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES. WE APPLIED CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, AN ETHOLOGICALLY VALIDATED MOUSE MODEL OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, AND EXAMINED TET1 EXPRESSION CHANGES IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A KEY BRAIN REWARD REGION. WE SHOW DECREASED TET1 EXPRESSION IN NAC IN STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE ONLY. SURPRISINGLY, SELECTIVE KNOCKOUT OF TET1 IN NAC NEURONS OF ADULT MICE PRODUCED ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS IN SEVERAL BEHAVIORAL ASSAYS. TO IDENTIFY TET1 TARGETS THAT MEDIATE THESE ACTIONS, WE PERFORMED RNASEQ ON NAC AFTER CONDITIONAL DELETION OF TET1 AND FOUND THAT IMMUNE-RELATED GENES ARE THE MOST HIGHLY DYSREGULATED. MOREOVER, MANY OF THESE GENES ARE ALSO UPREGULATED IN THE NAC OF RESILIENT MICE AFTER CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. THESE FINDINGS REVEAL A NOVEL ROLE FOR TET1, AN ENZYME IMPORTANT FOR DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, IN THE BRAIN'S REWARD CIRCUITRY IN MODULATING STRESS RESPONSES IN MICE. WE ALSO IDENTIFY A SUBSET OF GENES THAT ARE REGULATED BY TET1 IN THIS CIRCUITRY. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION, WHICH CAN AID IN FUTURE ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG DISCOVERY EFFORTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18 1808  55 EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT SOCIAL STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT ON COGNITIVE INFLEXIBILITY AND BDNF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE MPFC OF ADULT MICE. ADOLESCENT SOCIAL STRESS (ASS) CAN INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION IN ADULTHOOD. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEURAL MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. CORTICALLY MEDIATED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS ARE INCREASINGLY RECOGNIZED AS AN INDEPENDENT AND IMPORTANT RISK FACTOR OF DEPRESSION. USING SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS, A CLASSICAL ANIMAL MODEL OF DEPRESSION, OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES FOUND THAT MICE SUBJECTED TO THIS FORM OF STRESS DURING EARLY ADOLESCENCE DISPLAYED COGNITIVE INFLEXIBILITY (CI) IN ADULTHOOD. THIS CHANGE WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A DOWN-REGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC); THIS GENE ENCODES A KEY MOLECULE INVOLVED IN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION. IN THE PRESENT PAPER, WE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES. ASS INDUCED A SET OF DEPRESSIVE PHENOTYPES, INCLUDING INCREASED SOCIAL AVOIDANCE AND CI, AS WELL AS REDUCED LEVELS OF TOTAL BDNF AND ISOFORM IV BUT NOT ISOFORM I OR VI TRANSCRIPTS IN THE MPFC. IN PARALLEL WITH CHANGES IN BDNF GENE EXPRESSION, PREVIOUSLY STRESSED ADULT MICE SHOWED INCREASED LEVELS OF DIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE K9 (H3K9ME2) IMMEDIATELY DOWNSTREAM OF THE BDNF IV PROMOTER. ON THE OTHER HAND, NO DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND IN TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE K4 (H3K4ME3) OR IN ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYSINE K9 (H3K9AC) OR AT K4 (H3K4AC) IN THE BDNF IV PROMOTER. LIKEWISE, NO ALTERATIONS WERE FOUND IN DNA METHYLATION OF THE BDNF IV PROMOTER. ADDITIONALLY, TREATMENT WITH THE CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TRANYLCYPROMINE REVERSED BDNF EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND RELATED GENE TRANSCRIPTION WHILE ALSO REVERSING CI, BUT NOT SOCIAL AVOIDANCE, IN PREVIOUSLY STRESSED ADULT MICE. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES TO THE BDNF GENE IN THE MPFC AFTER ADOLESCENT SOCIAL ADVERSITY MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION IN ADULTHOOD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
19 1850  38 ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AMELIORATES DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS COMORBID TO CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN VIA TET1-MEDIATED RESTORATION OF ADULT NEUROGENESIS. ALTHOUGH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE (EA) STIMULATION IS A WIDELY USED THERAPY FOR CHRONIC PAIN AND COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, ITS LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN-INDUCED DEPRESSION AND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN ELUSIVE. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT EA STIMULATION WAS ABLE TO RESTORE ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DENTATE GYRUS (DG), BY BOTH INCREASING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND RESTORING THE NORMAL MORPHOLOGY OF NEWBORN DENDRITES, IN MICE WITH SPARED NERVE INJURY SURGERY. BY ABLATING THE NESTIN+ NEURAL STEM CELLS (NSCS) VIA DIPHTHERIA TOXIN FRAGMENT A EXPRESSION, WE FURTHER PROVED THAT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DG WAS CRUCIAL TO THE LONG-TERM, BUT NOT THE IMMEDIATE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF EA, NOR WAS IT ASSOCIATED WITH NOCICEPTION. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT THE RESTORATION OF NEUROGENESIS WAS DEPENDENT ON TET1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION UPON EA TREATMENT. TET1 COULD BIND TO THE PROMOTER OF THE PROX1 GENE, THUS CATALYZING ITS DEMETHYLATION AND FACILITATING ITS EXPRESSION, WHICH FINALLY CONTRIBUTED TO THE RESTORATION OF NEUROGENESIS AND AMELIORATION OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN. THUS, WE CONCLUDE THAT EA STIMULATION RESTORES INHIBITED TET1 EXPRESSION IN HIPPOCAMPAL NSCS OF MICE WITH CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN, AND INCREASED TET1 EXPRESSION AMELIORATES HYPERMETHYLATION OF PROX1 AND RESTORES NORMAL ADULT NEUROGENESIS IN THE VENTRAL DG, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE LONG-TERM ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT OF EA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20 2445  38 EPIGENETIC STATUS OF GDNF IN THE VENTRAL STRIATUM DETERMINES SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ADAPTATION TO DAILY STRESSFUL EVENTS. STRESSFUL EVENTS DURING ADULTHOOD ARE POTENT ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAN PREDISPOSE INDIVIDUALS TO PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, INCLUDING DEPRESSION; HOWEVER, MANY INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO STRESSFUL EVENTS CAN ADAPT AND FUNCTION NORMALLY. WHILE STRESS VULNERABILITY MAY INFLUENCE DEPRESSION, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CHRONIC STRESS WITHIN THE BRAIN ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, TWO GENETICALLY DISTINCT MOUSE STRAINS THAT EXHIBIT DIFFERENT BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS WERE USED TO DEMONSTRATE HOW THE DIFFERENTIAL EPIGENETIC STATUS OF THE GLIAL CELL-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (GDNF) GENE IN THE VENTRAL STRIATUM MODULATES SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CHRONIC STRESS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HISTONE MODIFICATIONS AND DNA METHYLATION OF THE GDNF PROMOTER HAVE CRUCIAL ROLES IN THE CONTROL OF BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS. OUR DATA PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THESE MECHANISMS, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF GDNF, ALONG WITH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, CONTRIBUTE TO BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO STRESS.	2011