1 3334 129 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS COUNTERACT CGRP SIGNALING AND PRONOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION IN A RAT MODEL OF MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE. CHRONIC TRIPTAN EXPOSURE IN RODENTS RECAPITULATES MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE (MOH), CAUSING CEPHALIC PAIN SENSITIZATION AND TRIGEMINAL GANGLION OVEREXPRESSION OF PRONOCICEPTIVE PROTEINS INCLUDING CGRP. BECAUSE OF THESE TRANSCRIPTIONAL DERANGEMENTS, AS WELL AS THE EMERGING ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN CHRONIC PAIN, IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE EFFECTS OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS (HDACIS) PANOBINOSTAT AND GIVINOSTAT, IN RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ELETRIPTAN FOR 1 MONTH. BOTH PANOBINOSTAT AND GIVINOSTAT COUNTERACTED OVEREXPRESSION OF GENES CODING FOR CGRP AND ITS RECEPTOR SUBUNIT RAMP1, HAVING NO EFFECTS ON CLR AND RCP RECEPTOR SUBUNITS IN THE TRIGEMINAL GANGLION (TG) OF ELETRIPTAN-EXPOSED RATS. WITHIN THE TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS CAUDALIS (TNC), TRANSCRIPTS FOR THESE GENES WERE NEITHER UPREGULATED BY ELETRIPTAN NOR ALTERED BY CONCOMITANT TREATMENT WITH PANOBINOSTAT OR GIVINOSTAT. HDACIS COUNTERACTED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CAPSAICIN-INDUCED VASODILATATION IN THE TRIGEMINAL TERRITORY, AS WELL AS PHOTOPHOBIC BEHAVIOR AND CEPHALIC ALLODYNIAIN ELETRIPTAN-EXPOSED RATS. ELETRIPTAN DID NOT AFFECT CGRP, CLR, AND RAMP1 EXPRESSION IN CULTURED TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA, WHEREAS BOTH INHIBITORS REDUCED TRANSCRIPTS FOR CLR AND RAMP-1. THE DRUGS, HOWEVER, INCREASED LUCIFERASE EXPRESSION DRIVEN BY CGRP PROMOTER IN CULTURED CELLS. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR A KEY ROLE OF HDACS AND EPIGENETICS IN MOH PATHOGENESIS, HIGHLIGHTING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF HDAC INHIBITION IN THE PREVENTION OF MIGRAINE CHRONIFICATION. PERSPECTIVE: THE PRESENT STUDY HIGHLIGHTS A KEY EPIGENETIC ROLE OF HDAC IN THE RODENT MODEL OF MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE, FURTHERING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRONOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION DURING HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 4861  31 ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 1 IS AN HDAC4-REGULATED MEDIATOR OF NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. PERSISTENT PAIN IS SUSTAINED BY MALADAPTIVE CHANGES IN GENE TRANSCRIPTION RESULTING IN ALTERED FUNCTION OF THE RELEVANT CIRCUITS; THERAPIES ARE STILL UNSATISFACTORY. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND AFFECTED GENES LINKING NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES AND PATHOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY ARE UNCLEAR. HERE, WE FOUND THAT, AMONG SEVERAL HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY SPECIFICALLY AFFECTS HDAC4 IN MURINE SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN NEURONS. NOXIOUS STIMULI THAT INDUCE LONG-LASTING INFLAMMATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY CAUSE NUCLEAR EXPORT AND INACTIVATION OF HDAC4. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, BUT NEITHER ACUTE NOR BASAL SENSITIVITY, IS IMPAIRED BY THE EXPRESSION OF A CONSTITUTIVELY NUCLEAR LOCALIZED HDAC4 MUTANT. NEXT GENERATION RNA-SEQUENCING REVEALED AN HDAC4-REGULATED GENE PROGRAM COMPRISING MEDIATORS OF SENSITIZATION INCLUDING THE ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER OAT1, KNOWN FOR ITS RENAL TRANSPORT FUNCTION. USING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS TO MODULATE OAT1 ACTIVITY OR EXPRESSION, WE CAUSALLY LINK OAT1 TO PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. THUS, HDAC4 IS A KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT TRANSLATES NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY INTO SENSITIZATION BY REGULATING OAT1, WHICH IS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR PAIN-RELIEVING THERAPIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3 1689  36 DUAL HDAC/BRD4 INHIBITORS RELIEVES NEUROPATHIC PAIN BY ATTENUATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN MICROGLIA AFTER SPARED NERVE INJURY. DESPITE THE EFFORT ON DEVELOPING NEW TREATMENTS, THERAPY FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS STILL A CLINICAL CHALLENGE AND COMBINATION THERAPY REGIMES OF TWO OR MORE DRUGS ARE OFTEN NEEDED TO IMPROVE EFFICACY. ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SHOWS AN ALTERED EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ENZYMES IN CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS AND RESTORATION OF THESE ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS PROMOTES PAIN-RELIEVING ACTIVITY. RECENT STUDIES SHOWED A SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITY IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODELS BY COMBINATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) AND BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) INHIBITORS. ON THESE PREMISES, THE PRESENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEW DUAL HDAC/BRD4 INHIBITORS, NAMED SUM52 AND SUM35, IN THE SPARED NERVE INJURY (SNI) MODEL IN MICE AS INNOVATIVE STRATEGY TO SIMULTANEOUSLY INHIBIT HDACS AND BETS. INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF SUM52 AND SUM35 ATTENUATED THERMAL AND MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE ABSENCE OF LOCOMOTOR SIDE EFFECTS. BOTH DUAL INHIBITORS SHOWED A PREFERENTIAL INTERACTION WITH BRD4-BD2 DOMAIN, AND SUM52 RESULTED THE MOST ACTIVE COMPOUND. SUM52 REDUCED MICROGLIA-MEDIATED SPINAL NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SPINAL CORD SECTIONS OF SNI MICE AS SHOWED BY REDUCTION OF IBA1 IMMUNOSTAINING, INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (INOS) EXPRESSION, P65 NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) AND P38 MAPK OVER-PHOSPHORYLATION. A ROBUST DECREASE OF THE SPINAL PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES CONTENT (IL-6, IL-1SS) WAS ALSO OBSERVED AFTER SUM52 TREATMENT. PRESENT RESULTS, SHOWING THE PAIN-RELIEVING ACTIVITY OF HDAC/BRD4 DUAL INHIBITORS, INDICATE THAT THE SIMULTANEOUS MODULATION OF BET AND HDAC ACTIVITY BY A SINGLE MOLECULE ACTING AS MULTI-TARGET AGENT MIGHT REPRESENT A PROMISE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN RELIEF.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
4  854  38 CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF A HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, PANOBINOSTAT, ON PAIN BEHAVIOR AND CARTILAGE DEGRADATION IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TRANSECTION-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIC RATS. OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS THE MOST COMMON ARTICULAR DEGENERATIVE DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC PAIN, JOINT INFLAMMATION, AND MOVEMENT LIMITATIONS, WHICH ARE SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED BY ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF NUMEROUS OA-SUSCEPTIBLE GENES. RECENT STUDIES REVEALED THAT BOTH THE ABNORMAL ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO OA PATHOGENESIS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF A MARINE-DERIVED HDAC INHIBITOR, PANOBINOSTAT, ON ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TRANSECTION (ACLT)-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL OA RATS. THE INTRA-ARTICULAR ADMINISTRATION OF 2 OR 10 MICROG OF PANOBINOSTAT (EACH GROUP, N = 7) PER WEEK FROM THE 6TH TO 17TH WEEK ATTENUATES ACLT-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS, INCLUDING SECONDARY MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND WEIGHT-BEARING DISTRIBUTION. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND MICROCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT PANOBINOSTAT SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTS CARTILAGE DEGENERATION AFTER ACLT. MOREOVER, INTRA-ARTICULAR PANOBINOSTAT EXERTS HYPERTROPHIC EFFECTS IN THE CHONDROCYTES OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE BY REGULATING THE PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS OF HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC7, RUNT-DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-2, AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-13. THE STUDY INDICATED THAT HDACS MIGHT HAVE DIFFERENT MODULATIONS ON THE CHONDROCYTE PHENOTYPE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF OA DEVELOPMENT. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE NEW EVIDENCE THAT PANOBINOSTAT MAY BE A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR OA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5 6148  31 THE EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MECP2 AND CREB IS MODULATED IN INFLAMMATORY PELVIC PAIN. EARLY ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IS ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN STATES. PREVIOUS STUDIES IDENTIFIED THE CHANGES IN A NUMBER OF NOCICEPTION-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP), SUBSTANCE P (SP), AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN THE PELVIC ORGANS AFTER TRANSIENT COLONIC INFLAMMATION. THE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF THESE NEUROPEPTIDES COULD BE MODULATED BY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) AND CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN (CREB). IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO EVALUATE TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MECP2 AND CREB IN THE LUMBOSACRAL (LS) SPINAL CORD AND SENSORY GANGLIA AFTER INFLAMMATION-INDUCED PELVIC PAIN IN RAT. ADULT SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE TREATED WITH 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID (TNBS) TO INDUCE TRANSIENT COLONIC INFLAMMATION. LS (L6-S2) SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS AND RESPECTIVE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIAS (DRGS) WERE ISOLATED FROM CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AT 1, 2, 6, 24 H AND 3 DAYS POST-TNBS TREATMENT. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL (IHC) LABELING AND WESTERN BLOTTING EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE EXPRESSION OF MECP2, CREB AND THEIR PHOSPHORYLATED FORMS. TOTAL MECP2 EXPRESSION, BUT NOT PHOSPHORYLATED P-MECP2 (PS421MECP2) EXPRESSION WAS DETECTED IN THE CELLS OF THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN UNDER CONTROL CONDITIONS. COLONIC INFLAMMATION TRIGGERED A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MECP2-EXPRESSING NEURONS IN PARALLEL WITH ELEVATED NUMBERS OF PS421MECP2-EXPRESSING CELLS AT 2 H AND 6 H POST-TNBS. THE MAJORITY OF MECP2-POSITIVE CELLS (80 +/- 6%) CO-EXPRESSED CREB. TNBS TREATMENT CAUSED A TRANSIENT UP-REGULATION OF CREB-EXPRESSING CELLS AT 1 H POST-TNBS ONLY. THE NUMBER OF CELLS EXPRESSING PHOSPHORYLATED CREB (PS133CREB) DID NOT CHANGE AT 1 H AND 2 H POST-TNBS, BUT WAS DOWN-REGULATED BY THREE FOLDS AT 6 H POST-TNBS. ANALYSIS OF DRG SECTIONS REVEALED THAT THE NUMBER OF MECP2-POSITIVE NEURONS WAS UP-REGULATED BY TNBS TREATMENT, REACHING THREE-FOLD INCREASE AT 2 H POST-TNBS, AND EIGHT-FOLD INCREASE AT 6 H POST-TNBS (P </= 0.05 TO CONTROL). THESE DATA SHOWED EARLY CHANGES IN MECP2 AND CREB EXPRESSION IN THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD AND SENSORY GANGLIA AFTER COLONIC INFLAMMATION, SUGGESTING A POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION MECP2 AND CREB SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISCERAL HYPERALGESIA AND PELVIC PAIN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6 5474  35 RESTORATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AMELIORATES DISEASE AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES IN A FUS MOUSE MODEL. DYSREGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IS EMERGING AS A CENTRAL EVENT IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, INCLUDING AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS). IN MANY MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATION, GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IS DECREASED IN THE AFFECTED NEURONAL TISSUES. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIONS OF TWO PROTEIN FAMILIES -THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). DRUGS INHIBITING HDAC ACTIVITY ARE ALREADY USED IN THE CLINIC AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF HDAC INHIBITION IN THE CONTEXT OF ALS. WE DISCOVERED THAT TRANSGENIC MICE OVEREXPRESSING WILD-TYPE FUS ("TG FUS+/+"), WHICH RECAPITULATE MANY ASPECTS OF HUMAN ALS, SHOWED REDUCED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ALTERATIONS IN METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, RESULTING IN A DYSREGULATED METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS. CHRONIC TREATMENT OF TG FUS+/+ MICE WITH ACY-738, A POTENT HDAC INHIBITOR THAT CAN CROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, AMELIORATED THE MOTOR PHENOTYPE AND SUBSTANTIALLY EXTENDED THE LIFE SPAN OF THE TG FUS+/+ MICE. AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, ACY-738 RESTORED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, THEREBY RE-ESTABLISHING METABOLITE LEVELS IN THE SPINAL CORD. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS LINK EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS TO METABOLIC DYSREGULATION IN ALS PATHOLOGY, AND HIGHLIGHT ACY-738 AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7 4499  31 MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL PRODUCES ERK-DEPENDENT AND ERK-INDEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MARKS IN NEURONS OF THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AND LATERAL SEPTUM. EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONE PROTEINS REPRESENT COMPLEX MOLECULAR SIGNATURES THAT PROVIDE A CELLULAR MEMORY OF PREVIOUSLY EXPERIENCED STIMULI WITHOUT IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES OF THE GENETIC CODE. IN THIS STUDY WE SHOW THAT NEW GENE EXPRESSION INDUCED IN VIVO BY MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL OCCURS WITH CONCOMITANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN BRAIN REGIONS CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN DRUG-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT NALOXONE-PRECIPITATED WITHDRAWAL, BUT NOT CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, CAUSED A STRONG INDUCTION OF PHOSPHO-HISTONE H3 IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) SHELL/CORE AND IN THE LATERAL SEPTUM (LS), A CHANGE THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY AUGMENTED H3 ACETYLATION (LYS14) IN NEURONS OF THE NAC SHELL. MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL INDUCED THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) IN SER421 BOTH IN THE LS AND THE NAC SHELL. THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY THE ACTIVATION OF MEMBERS OF THE ERK PATHWAY AS WELL AS INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES (IEG) C-FOS AND ACTIVITY-REGULATED CYTOSKELETON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (ARC/ARG3.1). USING A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH, WE FOUND THAT H3 PHOSPHORYLATION AND IEG EXPRESSION WERE PARTIALLY DEPENDENT ON ERK ACTIVATION, WHILE MECP2 PHOSPHORYLATION WAS FULLY ERK-INDEPENDENT. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE ROLE OF THE ERK PATHWAY IN THE REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKS AND GENE EXPRESSION THAT MAY CONCUR TO REGULATE IN VIVO THE CELLULAR CHANGES UNDERLYING THE ONSET OF THE OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8 5537  33 ROLE OF CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE IN LIGHT-AVERSIVE BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR MIGRAINE. MIGRAINE IS A CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY RECURRENT EPISODES OF SEVERE UNILATERAL THROBBING HEAD PAIN AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS PHOTOPHOBIA. OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MIGRAINE HAS BEEN HAMPERED BY LIMITATIONS IN ASCERTAINING MIGRAINE SYMPTOMS IN ANIMAL MODELS. CLINICAL STUDIES HAVE ESTABLISHED THE NEUROPEPTIDE CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP) AS A KEY PLAYER IN MIGRAINE. HERE, WE ESTABLISH A GENETIC MODEL OF PHOTOPHOBIA BY ENGINEERING INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO CGRP IN MICE. THESE TRANSGENIC MICE (NESTIN/HRAMP1) DISPLAY LIGHT-AVERSIVE BEHAVIOR THAT IS GREATLY ENHANCED BY INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTION OF CGRP AND BLOCKED BY COADMINISTRATION OF THE CGRP RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST OLCEGEPANT. THIS BEHAVIOR APPEARS TO BE AN INDICATOR OF PHOTOPHOBIA AND CANNOT BE FULLY EXPLAINED BY GROSS ABNORMALITY OF OCULAR ANATOMY OR DIFFERENCES IN GENERAL ANXIETY OR MOTOR ACTIVITY. OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT A SINGLE GENE, RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-MODIFYING PROTEIN 1 (RAMP1), CAN BE A MODIFIER OF PHOTOPHOBIA AND, BY EXTENSION, SUGGEST THAT GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF RAMP1 LEVELS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO MIGRAINE SUSCEPTIBILITY. MOREOVER, THEY VALIDATE CGRP HYPERSENSITIVE MICE AS A TOOL FOR EXPLORING THE NEUROBIOLOGY AND NOVEL THERAPIES FOR MIGRAINE AND OTHER DISORDERS INVOLVING PHOTOPHOBIA.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
9  889  29 CHRONIC DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID PROTECTS NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS FROM IBOTENIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY. VALPROIC ACID (VPA) HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR EPILEPSY AND MOOD DISORDERS. RECENTLY, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PROPOSED FOR A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIONS OF THIS DRUG, INCLUDING ANTITUMORAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. VALPROIC ACID-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN VIVO HAS BEEN SO FAR DEMONSTRATED IN A LIMITED NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE TESTED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHRONIC (4 + 1 WEEKS) DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VPA ON DEGENERATION OF CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS (NBM), INJECTED WITH THE EXCITOTOXIN, IBOTENIC ACID (IBO), AN ANIMAL MODELS THAT IS RELEVANT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEURODEGENERATION. WE SHOW THAT VPA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTS BOTH CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS PRESENT IN THE INJECTED AREA FROM THE EXCITOTOXIC INSULT. A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF NEUROPROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR, IS EXERTED TOWARDS THE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS OF THE NBM PROJECTING TO THE CORTEX, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER LEVELS OF CHOLINERGIC MARKERS MAINTAINED IN THE TARGET CORTICAL AREA OF VPA-TREATED RATS AFTER IBO INJECTION IN THE NBM. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CHRONIC VPA ADMINISTRATION RESULTS IN INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 IN BRAIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF VPA AND PUTATIVELY LINKED TO A NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF THE DRUG MEDIATED AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10  804  26 CENTRAL ENDOTHELIN-1 CONFERS ANALGESIA BY TRIGGERING SPINAL NEURONAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) NUCLEAR EXCLUSION IN PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. THE RATIONALE OF SPINAL ADMINISTRATION OF ENDOTHELIN-1(ET-1) MEDIATED ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECT HAS NOT BEEN ELUCIDATED. ET-1 IS REPORTED TO PROMOTE NUCLEAR EFFLUXION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) IN MYOCYTES, AND SPINAL HDAC5 IS IMPLICATED IN MODULATION OF PAIN PROCESSING. IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER CENTRAL ET-1 PLAYS AN ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ROLE BY FACILITATING SPINAL HDAC5 NUCLEAR SHUTTLING UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT UPREGULATING SPINAL ET-1 ATTENUATED THE NOCICEPTION INDUCED BY PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION SURGERY AND THIS ANALGESIC EFFECT MEDIATED BY ET-1 WAS ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR SELECTIVE INHIBITOR (BQ123) OR BY BLOCKING THE EXPORTATION OF NUCLEAR HDAC5 BY ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES TARGETING NEURONAL HDAC5 (AVV-HDAC5 S259/498A MUTANT). NOTABLY, ET-1 ADMINISTRATION INCREASED SPINAL GLUTAMATE ACID DECARBOXYLASES (GAD65/67) EXPRESSION VIA INITIATING HDAC5 NUCLEAR EXPORTATION AND INCREASED THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 9 (ACETYL-H3K9) IN THE PROMOTOR REGIONS OF SPINAL GAD1 AND GAD2 GENES. THIS WAS REVERSED BY BLOCKING ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR FUNCTION OR BY INHIBITING THE SPINAL NEURONAL NUCLEAR EXPORTATION OF HDAC5. THEREFORE, INDUCING SPINAL GABAERGIC NEURONAL HDAC5 NUCLEAR EXPORTATION MAY BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR MANAGING NEUROPATHIC PAIN. PERSPECTIVE: NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS INTRACTABLE IN A CLINICAL SETTING, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS CONSIDERED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PROCESSING. CHARACTERIZING THE ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF ET-1 AND INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN ANIMAL MODELS MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AND TARGETS FOR TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
11 3330  32 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR GIVINOSTAT ALLEVIATES LIVER FIBROSIS BY REGULATING HEPATIC STELLATE CELL ACTIVATION. HEPATIC FIBROSIS, A COMMON PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF CHRONIC LIVER INJURY, IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE THE END RESULT OF AN INCREASE IN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PRODUCED BY ACTIVATED HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS). THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO TARGET THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HSC ACTIVATION IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A POWERFUL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, A HIGH?THROUGHPUT SCREENING ASSAY WAS ESTABLISHED, AND THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR GIVINOSTAT WAS IDENTIFIED AS A POTENT INHIBITOR OF HSC ACTIVATION IN VITRO. GIVINOSTAT SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED HSC ACTIVATION IN VIVO, AMELIORATED CARBON TETRACHLORIDE?INDUCED MOUSE LIVER FIBROSIS AND LOWERED PLASMA AMINOTRANSFERASES. TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS REVEALED THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY REGULATED GENES IN THE GIVINOSTAT TREATMENT GROUP IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE IN THE SOLVENT GROUP, AMONG WHICH, DERMOKINE (DMKN), MESOTHELIN (MSLN) AND UROPLAKIN?3B (UPK3B) WERE IDENTIFIED AS POTENTIAL REGULATORS OF HSC ACTIVATION. GIVINOSTAT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF DMKN, MSLN AND UPK3B IN BOTH A MOUSE LIVER FIBROSIS MODEL AND IN HSC?LX2 CELLS. KNOCKDOWN OF ANY OF THE AFOREMENTIONED GENES INHIBITED THE TGF?BETA1?INDUCED EXPRESSION OF ALPHA?SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN AND COLLAGEN TYPE I, INDICATING THAT THEY ARE CRUCIAL FOR HSC ACTIVATION. IN SUMMARY, USING A NOVEL STRATEGY TARGETING HSC ACTIVATION, THE PRESENT STUDY IDENTIFIED A POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND REVEALED NOVEL REGULATORS OF HSC ACTIVATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
12 5713  36 SIRT2 INHIBITION REVERSES ANHEDONIA IN THE VGLUT1+/- DEPRESSION MODEL. SOME HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDACS) ENZYMES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS EPIGENETIC TARGETS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTION. AMONG THEM, WE HAVE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED SIRT2, A CLASS III NAD(+)-DEPENDENT HDAC, AS BEING OPPOSITELY REGULATED BY STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS. MOREOVER, SIRT2 INHIBITION HAS SHOWN ANTIANHEDONIC-LIKE ACTION IN THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION. HERE WE HAVE EXTENDED THE STUDY USING AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF DEPRESSION BASED IN A GENETIC MANIPULATION OF GLUTAMATE FUNCTION. SPECIFICALLY, MICE HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER 1 (VGLUT1+/-) WERE USED. FIRSTLY, MRNA EXPRESSION OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE HDAC SUPERFAMILY IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF VGLUT1+/- MICE AND WT LITTERMATES WERE STUDIED BY RT-PCR. SECONDLY, THE EFFECT OF REPEATED TREATMENT WITH THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I AND THE ANTIDEPRESSANT IMIPRAMINE ON ANHEDONIC BEHAVIOUR OF VGLUT1+/- MICE WAS STUDIED BY WEEKLY MONITORING OF SUCROSE INTAKE. FURTHER, THE INTERACTION OF 33I TOWARDS SPECIFIC MONOAMINERGIC TARGETS SUCH AS SEROTONIN OR NORADRENALINE TRANSPORTERS AS WELL AS THE MONOAMINOOXIDASE ENZYME WAS STUDIED. THE MRNA OCCURANCE OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF HDAC SUPERFAMILY WAS NOT ALTERED IN THE PFC OF VGLUT1+/- MICE. WHILE REPEATED IMIPRAMINE SHOWED AN ANTI-ANHEDONIC ACTION IN BOTH VGLUT1+/- AND WT, THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I FULLY REVERSED ANHEDONIA OF VGLUT1+/-. FURTHER, 33I SHOWED NO INTERACTION WITH THE ABOVE MENTIONED MONOAMINERGIC MOLECULAR TARGETS. THESE RESULTS CONFIRM THAT SIRT2 INHIBITION IS ABLE TO REVERSE ANHEDONIA IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS AND HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF SIRT2 INHIBITORS AS NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13 2470  38 EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 3 CONTRIBUTES TO LONG-LASTING NEUROPATHIC PAIN. A MULTIPLEX ANALYSIS FOR PROFILING THE EXPRESSION OF CANDIDATE GENES ALONG WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION MAY LEAD TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX MACHINERY OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION MOST REMARKABLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 3 (MCP-3, KNOWN AS CCL7) A TOTAL OF 33 541 GENES IN THE SPINAL CORD, WHICH LASTED FOR 4 WEEKS. THIS INCREASE IN MCP-3 GENE TRANSCRIPTION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY THE DECREASED TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYS27 AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER. THE INCREASED MCP-3 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH ITS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OBSERVED IN THE SPINAL CORD WAS ALMOST ABOLISHED IN INTERLEUKIN 6 KNOCKOUT MICE WITH PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION. CONSISTENT WITH THESE FINDINGS, A SINGLE INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OF INTERLEUKIN 6 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED MCP-3 MESSENGER RNA WITH A DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF LYS27 TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD OF MICE. FURTHERMORE, DELETION OF THE C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR TYPE 2 (CCR2) GENE, WHICH ENCODES A RECEPTOR FOR MCP-3, FAILED TO AFFECT THE ACCELERATION OF MCP-3 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD AFTER PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION. A ROBUST INCREASE IN MCP-3 PROTEIN, WHICH LASTED FOR UP TO 2 WEEKS AFTER SURGERY, IN THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD OF MICE WITH PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION WAS SEEN MOSTLY IN ASTROCYTES, BUT NOT MICROGLIA OR NEURONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE INCREASES IN BOTH MICROGLIA AND ASTROCYTES IN THE SPINAL CORD BY PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION WERE MOSTLY ABOLISHED IN INTERLEUKIN 6 KNOCKOUT MICE. MOREOVER, THIS INCREASE IN MICROGLIA WAS ALMOST ABOLISHED BY CCR2 GENE DELETION, WHEREAS THE INCREASE IN ASTROCYTES WAS NOT AFFECTED IN NERVE-LIGATED MICE THAT LACKED THE CCR2 GENE. WE ALSO FOUND THAT EITHER IN VIVO OR IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH MCP-3 CAUSED ROBUST MICROGLIA ACTIVATION. UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF MCP-3 ANTIBODY SUPPRESSED THE INCREASE IN MICROGLIA WITHIN THE MOUSE SPINAL CORD AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN-LIKE BEHAVIOURS AFTER NERVE INJURY. WITH THE USE OF A FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ANALYSIS, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT A SINGLE INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF MCP-3 INDUCED DRAMATIC INCREASES IN SIGNAL INTENSITY IN PAIN-RELATED BRAIN REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED MCP-3 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH INTERLEUKIN 6 DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER AFTER NERVE INJURY, MOSTLY IN SPINAL ASTROCYTES, MAY SERVE TO FACILITATE ASTROCYTE-MICROGLIA INTERACTION IN THE SPINAL CORD AND COULD PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN-LIKE STATE.	2013	

14 5347  26 RARBETA AGONIST DRUG (C286) DEMONSTRATES EFFICACY IN A PRE-CLINICAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN MODEL RESTORING MULTIPLE PATHWAYS VIA DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS. NEUROPATHIC PAIN (NP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROFOUND GENE EXPRESSION ALTERATIONS WITHIN THE NOCICEPTIVE SYSTEM. DNA MECHANISMS, SUCH AS EPIGENETIC REMODELING AND REPAIR PATHWAYS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN NP. HERE WE HAVE USED A RAT MODEL OF PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF A RECENTLY DEVELOPED RARBETA AGONIST, C286, CURRENTLY UNDER CLINICAL RESEARCH, IN NP. A 4-WEEK TREATMENT INITIATED 2 DAYS AFTER THE INJURY NORMALIZED PAIN SENSATION. GENOME-WIDE AND PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT MULTIPLE MECHANISMS PERSISTENTLY ALTERED IN THE SPINAL CORD WERE RESTORED TO PREINJURY LEVELS BY THE AGONIST. CONCOMITANT UPREGULATION OF DNA REPAIR PROTEINS, ATM AND BRCA1, THE LATTER BEING REQUIRED FOR C286-MEDIATED PAIN MODULATION, SUGGESTS THAT EARLY DNA REPAIR MAY BE IMPORTANT TO PREVENT PHENOTYPIC EPIGENETIC IMPRINTS IN NP. THUS, C286 IS A PROMISING DRUG CANDIDATE FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN AND DNA REPAIR MECHANISMS MAY BE USEFUL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO EXPLORE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15 5503  32 RGS9-2--CONTROLLED ADAPTATIONS IN THE STRIATUM DETERMINE THE ONSET OF ACTION AND EFFICACY OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN STATES. THE STRIATAL PROTEIN REGULATOR OF G-PROTEIN SIGNALING 9-2 (RGS9-2) PLAYS A KEY MODULATORY ROLE IN OPIOID, MONOAMINE, AND OTHER G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR RESPONSES. HERE, WE USE THE MURINE SPARED-NERVE INJURY MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISM BY WHICH RGS9-2 IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REGION INVOLVED IN MOOD, REWARD, AND MOTIVATION, MODULATES THE ACTIONS OF TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAS). PREVENTION OF RGS9-2 ACTION IN THE NAC INCREASES THE EFFICACY OF THE TCA DESIPRAMINE AND DRAMATICALLY ACCELERATES ITS ONSET OF ACTION. BY CONTROLLING THE ACTIVATION OF EFFECTOR MOLECULES BY G PROTEIN ALPHA AND BETAGAMMA SUBUNITS, RGS9-2 AFFECTS SEVERAL PROTEIN INTERACTIONS, PHOSPHOPROTEIN LEVELS, AND THE FUNCTION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFIER HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5, WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR TCA RESPONSIVENESS. FURTHERMORE, INFORMATION FROM RNA-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS REVEALS THAT RGS9-2 IN THE NAC AFFECTS THE EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN NOCICEPTION, ANALGESIA, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTIONS. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INFORMATION ON NAC-SPECIFIC CELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE THE ACTIONS OF TCAS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN STATES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16 2068  29 EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF MICROSOMAL PROSTAGLANDIN E SYNTHASE-1 BY HDAC-MEDIATED RECRUITMENT OF P300. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ARE THE MOST WIDELY USED MEDICINE TO TREAT PAIN AND INFLAMMATION, AND TO INHIBIT PLATELET FUNCTION. UNDERSTANDING THE EXPRESSION REGULATION OF ENZYMES OF THE PROSTANOID PATHWAY IS OF GREAT MEDICAL RELEVANCE. HISTONE ACETYLATION CRUCIALLY CONTROLS GENE EXPRESSION. WE SET OUT TO IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ON THE GENERATION OF PROSTANOIDS AND EXAMINE THE CONSEQUENCES ON VASCULAR FUNCTION. HDAC INHIBITION (HDACI) WITH THE PAN-HDAC INHIBITOR, VORINOSTAT, ATTENUATED PROSTAGLANDIN (PG)E(2) GENERATION IN THE MURINE VASCULATURE AND IN HUMAN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. IN LINE WITH THIS, THE EXPRESSION OF THE KEY ENZYME FOR PGE(2) SYNTHESIS, MICROSOMAL PGE SYNTHASE-1 (PTGES1), WAS REDUCED BY HDACI. ACCORDINGLY, THE RELAXATION TO ARACHIDONIC ACID WAS DECREASED AFTER EX VIVO INCUBATION OF MURINE VESSELS WITH HDACI. TO IDENTIFY THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) AND CHIP-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT HDACS ARE INVOLVED IN THE RECRUITMENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR P300 TO THE PTGES1 GENE AND THAT HDACI PREVENTED THIS EFFECT. IN LINE WITH THE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF P300, H3K27 ACETYLATION WAS REDUCED AFTER HDACI AND RESULTED IN THE FORMATION OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE PTGES1 GENE. IN CONCLUSION, HDAC ACTIVITY MAINTAINS PTGES1 EXPRESSION BY RECRUITING P300 TO ITS GENE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17 4297  25 MICRORNA-1224 SPLICING CIRCULARRNA-FILIP1L IN AN AGO2-DEPENDENT MANNER REGULATES CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN VIA TARGETING UBR5. DYSFUNCTIONS OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION IN THE NOCICEPTIVE PATHWAYS PLAY THE CRITICAL ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) ARE EMERGING AS NEW PLAYERS IN REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, BUT WHETHER AND HOW CIRCRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN CHRONIC PAIN REMAIN ELUSIVE. WE SHOWED HERE THAT COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT-INDUCED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED CIRCRNA-FILIP1L (FILAMIN A INTERACTING PROTEIN 1-LIKE) EXPRESSION IN SPINAL NEURONS OF MICE. BLOCKAGE OF THIS INCREASE ATTENUATED COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS, AND OVEREXPRESSION OF SPINAL CIRCRNA-FILIP1L IN NAIVE MICE MIMICKED THE NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS AS EVIDENCED BY DECREASED THERMAL AND MECHANICAL NOCICEPTIVE THRESHOLD. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT MATURE CIRCRNA-FILIP1L EXPRESSION WAS NEGATIVELY REGULATED BY MIRNA-1224 VIA BINDING AND SPLICING OF PRECURSOR OF CIRCRNA-FILIP1L (PRE-CIRCRNA-FILIP1L) IN THE ARGONAUTE-2 (AGO2)-DEPENDENT MANNER. INCREASE OF SPINAL CIRCRNA-FILIP1L EXPRESSION RESULTED FROM THE DECREASE OF MIRNA-1224 EXPRESSION UNDER CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN STATE. MIRNA-1224 KNOCKDOWN OR AGO2 OVEREXPRESSION INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS IN NAIVE MICE, WHICH WAS PREVENTED BY THE KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL CIRCRNA-FILIP1L. FINALLY, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT A UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE E3 COMPONENT N-RECOGNIN 5 (UBR5), VALIDATED AS A TARGET OF CIRCRNA-FILIP1L, PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN REGULATION OF NOCICEPTION BY SPINAL CIRCRNA-FILIP1L. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT MIRNA-1224-MEDIATED AND AGO2-DEPENDENT MODULATION OF SPINAL CIRCRNA-FILIP1L EXPRESSION REGULATES NOCICEPTION VIA TARGETING UBR5, REVEALING A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MIRNA AND CIRCRNA IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CIRCRNAS ARE EMERGING AS NEW PLAYERS IN REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. HERE, WE FOUND THAT THE INCREASE OF CIRCRNA-FILIP1L MEDIATED BY MIRNA-1224 IN AN AGO2-DEPENDENT WAY IN THE SPINAL CORD IS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF NOCICEPTION VIA TARGETING UBR5 OUR STUDY REVEALS A NOVEL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MIRNA AND CIRCRNA IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  532  27 ASTROCYTIC C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE-HISTONE DEACETYLASE-2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY IN RATS. DECREASE OF GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-1 (GLT-1) IN THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN AFTER NERVE INJURY INDUCES ENHANCED EXCITATORY TRANSMISSION AND CAUSES PERSISTENT PAIN. HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS)-CATALYZED DEACETYLATION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHILE THE DETAILED MECHANISMS HAVE YET TO BE FULLY ELABORATED. SPINAL NERVE LIGATION (SNL) INDUCED SIGNIFICANT INCREASES OF HDAC2 AND DECREASES OF GLT-1 IN SPINAL ASTROCYTES. INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF THE HDAC2 INHIBITORS ATTENUATED THE DECREASE OF GLT-1 AND ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS. GLT-1 AND PHOSPHORYLATED C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE (JNK) WERE HIGHLY COLOCALIZED IN THE SPINAL CORD, AND A LARGE NUMBER OF PJNK POSITIVE CELLS WERE HDAC2 POSITIVE. INTRATHECALLY INFUSION OF THE JNK INHIBITOR SP600125 SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED SNL-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF HDAC2. SNL-INDUCED HDAC2 UP-REGULATION COULD BE INHIBITED BY THE NEUTRALIZING ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) BINDING PROTEIN ETANERCEPT OR THE MICROGLIAL INHIBITOR MINOCYCLINE. IN CULTURED ASTROCYTES, TNF-ALPHA INDUCED ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF JNK AND A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF HDAC2, AS WELL AS A REMARKABLE DECREASE OF GLT-1, WHICH COULD BE PREVENTED BY SP600125 OR THE HDAC2 SPECIFIC INHIBITOR CAY10683. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT ASTROCYTIC JNK-HDAC2 CASCADE CONTRIBUTES TO GLT-1 DECREASE AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY. NEUROIMMUNE ACTIVATION AFTER PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY COULD INDUCE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION CHANGES IN ASTROCYTES AND CONTRIBUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN MAINTENANCE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
19 4742  31 NOVEL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN MICROGLIA DERIVED FROM A MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC PAIN. AS THE RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, MICROGLIA PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF ITS HOMEOSTASIS. DYSREGULATION OF MICROGLIA HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE RELEVANT MOLECULAR PATHWAYS REMAIN POORLY DEFINED. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED A MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMIC APPROACH TO SCREEN POTENTIAL CHANGES OF HISTONE PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS IN MICROGLIA ISOLATED FROM THE BRAIN OF CONTROL AND CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN ADULT C57BL/6J MALE MICE. WE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL NOVEL MICROGLIAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN, INCLUDING STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED HISTONE H3.1 LYSINE 27 MONO-METHYLATION (H3.1K27ME1, 54.8% OF CONTROL) AND H3 LYSINE 56 TRI-METHYLATION (7.5% OF CONTROL), AS WELL AS A TREND SUGGESTING INCREASED H3 TYROSINE 41 NITRATION. WE FURTHER INVESTIGATED THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF H3.1K27ME1 AND FOUND THAT TREATMENT OF CULTURED MICROGLIAL CELLS FOR 4 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WITH 1-10 MUM OF NCDM-64, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 7A, AN ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEMETHYLATION OF H3K27ME1, DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED ITS LEVELS WITH A GREATER THAN A TWO-FOLD INCREASE OBSERVED AT 10 MUM COMPARED TO VEHICLE-TREATED CONTROL CELLS. MOREOVER, PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH NCDM-64 (10 OR 25 MG/KG/DAY, I.P.) PRIOR TO CISPLATIN TREATMENT PREVENTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHROMATIN MARKS IN MICROGLIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN MAY YIELD CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROGLIA TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF PAIN, AND OPENS NEW AVENUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL NONOPIOID THERAPEUTICS FOR THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20 5142  33 POTENTIAL ROLE FOR HISTONE DEACETYLATION IN CHRONIC DIAZEPAM-INDUCED DOWNREGULATION OF ALPHA1-GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION. CORROBORATING EVIDENCE INDICATE THAT THE DOWNREGULATION OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT EXPRESSION MAY UNDERLIE TOLERANCE TO THE ANTICONVULSANT AND ANXIOLYTIC ACTIONS OF BENZODIAZEPINE (BZ) LIGANDS THAT ACT AS FULL ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS (FAMS) OF GABA ACTIONS AT A VARIETY OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBTYPES. WE AND OTHERS HAVE SHOWN THAT 10-14 DAYS TREATMENT WITH INCREASING DOSES OF DIAZEPAM (A FAM) RESULTED IN ANTICONVULSANT TOLERANCE AND DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT MRNA AND PROTEIN IN FRONTAL CORTEX. IN ADDITION, WE HAVE ALSO SHOWN THAT LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH IMIDAZENIL, A PARTIAL ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR OF GABA ACTION AT SELECTIVE GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBTYPES, FAIL TO CHANGE THE EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 SUBUNIT MRNA OR INDUCE TOLERANCE TO ITS ANTICONVULSANT OR ANXIOLYTIC ACTION. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ON LONG-TERM BZ-INDUCED DOWNREGULATION OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT. THEREFORE, WE EXAMINED THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION MECHANISMS ON LONG-TERM DIAZEPAM-INDUCED DOWNREGULATION OF THE ALPHA1 SUBUNIT MRNA EXPRESSION IN RAT FRONTAL CORTEX. WE FOUND THAT 10 DAYS TREATMENT WITH INCREASING DOSES OF DIAZEPAM BUT NOT IMIDAZENIL DECREASED THE EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT MRNA AND PROMOTER ACETYLATION IN FRONTAL CORTEX. IN ADDITION, WE ALSO FOUND THAT 10 DAYS TREATMENT WITH DIAZEPAM BUT NOT IMIDAZENIL INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) 1 AND 2 IN FRONTAL CORTEX. THUS, THE INCREASED EXPRESSION OF HDAC1 AND HDAC2 (CLASS 1 HDACS) AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLATION MECHANISM OF THIS CLASS 1 HDACS, MAY UNDERLIE LONG-TERM DIAZEPAM-INDUCED DECREASED EXPRESSION OF THE ALPHA1 GABA(A) RECEPTOR SUBUNIT MRNA IN FRONTAL CORTEX.	2018