1 3179 156 HAIR CORTISOL AS A HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS BIOMARKER IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. BACKGROUND: CORTISOL IS A HORMONE INVOLVED IN MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS INCLUDING FETAL MATURATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING DURING PREGNANCY. THIS STUDY AIMED TO USE HAIR CORTISOL AS A BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC INHALED CORTICOSTEROID (ICS) EXPOSURE AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTHMA ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA TREATED WITH ICS WOULD EXHIBIT LOWER HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS, INDICATIVE OF ADRENAL SUPPRESSION, COMPARED TO WOMEN WITH ASTHMA NOT USING ICS AND WOMEN WHO DO NOT HAVE ASTHMA. METHODS: WE PERFORMED AN OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. HAIR SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FROM PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA, WITH (N = 56) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) ICS TREATMENT, AND PREGNANT WOMEN WITHOUT ASTHMA (N = 31). HAIR SAMPLES WERE SEGMENTED BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE OF 1 CM/MONTH AND ANALYZED BY ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TO PROVIDE CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS CORRESPONDING TO PRECONCEPTION, TRIMESTERS 1-3, AND POSTPARTUM. HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS WERE COMPARED WITHIN AND AMONG THE GROUPS USING NON-PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TESTS. RESULTS: HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS INCREASED ACROSS TRIMESTERS FOR ALL THREE GROUPS, BUT THIS INCREASE WAS DAMPENED IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA (P = 0.03 FOR CONTROLS VS. ICS TREATED AND CONTROLS VS. NO ICS). ICS TREATED WOMEN TAKING MORE THAN FIVE DOSES PER WEEK HAD HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS 47 % LOWER IN THIRD TRIMESTER THAN CONTROLS. LINEAR REGRESSION OF THE THIRD TRIMESTER HAIR CORTISOL RESULTS IDENTIFIED ASTHMA AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR WHEN COMPARING CONSISTENT ICS USE OR ASTHMA AS THE PREDICTOR (F(1, 25) = 9.7, P = 0.005, R(2) ADJ = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS: HAIR CORTISOL SUCCESSFULLY SHOWED THE EXPECTED CHANGE IN CORTISOL OVER THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND MAY BE A USEFUL BIOMARKER OF HPA AXIS FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ASTHMA. THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DECREASED MATERNAL CORTISOL IN WOMEN WITH ASTHMA ON PERINATAL OUTCOMES REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 5875  42 SYMPTOMS OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN WOMEN DURING EARLY PREGNANCY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN THEIR OFFSPRING. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IS A UBIQUITOUS MECHANISM DURING CELL DIFFERENTIATION, ORGANOGENESIS AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS. RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT ALLERGEN EXPOSURE DURING VERY EARLY PREGNANCY INCREASES BRONCHIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN OFFSPRING IN A MURINE MODEL OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. HOWEVER, NO SUCH PHENOMENA WERE REPORTED IN HUMANS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL IN THE ONSET OF ALLERGIC DISEASES WAS INVESTIGATED. METHODS: A TOTAL OF 400 PAIRS OF MOTHERS WITH PHYSICIAN-DIAGNOSED ALLERGIC RHINITIS (AR) AND THEIR OFFSPRING (AGE 7-18 MONTHS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN A LARGE-SCALE MEDICAL CHECK-UP WERE ENROLLED IN THIS RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. FAMILY HISTORY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES AND THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF AR SYMPTOMS DURING PREGNANCY WERE INQUIRED ABOUT USING A SELF-ANSWERED QUESTIONNAIRE. A LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL ADJUSTED FOR AGE, GENDER, BIRTH MONTH AND FATHER'S HISTORY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES WAS STATISTICALLY ANALYZED. RESULTS: OFFSPRING WHOSE MOTHERS HAD ANY AR SYMPTOMS DURING EARLY PREGNANCY SHOWED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ADJUSTED ODDS RATIO FOR THE ONSET OF AR IN OFFSPRING THAN THOSE WHOSE MOTHERS HAD NO SYMPTOMS DURING PREGNANCY (ADJUSTED ODDS RATIO: 6.26, P = 0.036). HOWEVER, THE SYMPTOMS OF AR DURING LATE PREGNANCY SHOWED NO EFFECTS ON THE ODDS RATIO. IN CONTRAST, THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF AR SYMPTOMS DURING EARLY OR LATE PREGNANCY SHOWED NO ASSOCIATION WITH THE PREVALENCE OF FOOD ALLERGY, ATOPIC DERMATITIS OR ASTHMA IN OFFSPRING. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THE PRESENCE OF POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING THE ONSET OF AR IN HUMANS PRESUMABLY THROUGH INCREASED ORGAN-SPECIFIC HYPERSENSITIVITY.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  649  38 BIRTHWEIGHT, MATERNAL WEIGHT TRAJECTORIES AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENTS. LOW BIRTHWEIGHT, PREMATURE BIRTH, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, AND MATERNAL MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN RELATED TO AN INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS LATER IN LIFE. CONVERSELY, HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAS BEEN LINKED TO FUTURE RISK OF CANCER. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION ESTIMATED BY THE METHYLATION OF REPETITIVE SEQUENCES IN THE GENOME IS AN INDICATOR OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES. WE USED DATA AND BIOSPECIMENS FROM AN EPIGENETIC BIRTH COHORT TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TRAJECTORIES OF FETAL AND MATERNAL WEIGHT AND LINE-1 METHYLATION IN 319 MOTHER-CHILD DYADS. NEWBORNS WITH LOW OR HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN THEIR CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO NORMAL WEIGHT INFANTS AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GESTATIONAL AGE, SEX OF THE CHILD, MATERNAL AGE AT DELIVERY, AND MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY (P = 0.007 AND P = 0.036, RESPECTIVELY), BUT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DIFFERENCE WAS SMALL. INFANTS BORN PREMATURELY ALSO HAD LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO TERM INFANTS, AND THIS DIFFERENCE, THOUGH SMALL, WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.004). WE DID NOT FIND IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PREPREGNANCY BMI OR GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND GLOBAL METHYLATION OF THE CORD BLOOD OR FETAL PLACENTAL TISSUE. IN CONCLUSION, WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN CORD BLOOD LINE-1 METHYLATION AMONG NEWBORNS WITH LOW AND HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT AS WELL AS AMONG PREMATURELY BORN INFANTS. FUTURE STUDIES MAY ELUCIDATE WHETHER CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITIES OR OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASED RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
4 5957  36 TELOMERE LENGTH AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS. EVIDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENETICS AND MENTAL HEALTH ARE FLOURISHING. HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES ARE EVALUATING EARLY BIOMARKERS THAT MIGHT LINK GENES, ENVIRONMENT, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. WE AIMED TO STUDY TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (AA) IN A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ANXIETY DISORDERS (N = 234). WE EVALUATED A REPRESENTATIVE SUBSAMPLE OF PARTICIPANTS AT BASELINE AND AFTER 5 YEARS (N = 76) AND CATEGORIZED THEM ACCORDING TO THEIR ANXIETY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS AT BOTH TIME POINTS: (1) CONTROL GROUP (NO ANXIETY DISORDER, N = 18), (2) VARIABLE GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER IN ONE EVALUATION, N = 38), AND (3) PERSISTENT GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER AT BOTH TIME POINTS, N = 20). WE ASSESSED RELATIVE MEAN TL BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR AND DNA METHYLATION BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. WE CALCULATED AA USING THE HORVATH AGE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM AND ANALYZED DIFFERENCES AMONG GROUPS USING GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS. THE PERSISTENT GROUP OF ANXIETY DISORDER DID NOT CHANGE TL OVER TIME (P = 0.495). THE VARIABLE GROUP HAD HIGHER BASELINE TL (P = 0.003) BUT NO ACCELERATED TL EROSION IN COMPARISON TO THE NON-ANXIETY CONTROL GROUP (P = 0.053). FURTHERMORE, THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES IN AA AMONG GROUPS OVER TIME. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC ANXIETY DID NOT CHANGE TELOMERE LENGTH OVER TIME, WHICH COULD BE RELATED TO A DELAY IN NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THIS PERIOD OF LIFE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
5 3462  40 HYPOTHALAMIC NR3C1 DNA METHYLATION IN RATS EXPOSED TO PRENATAL STRESS. BACKGROUND: HUMAN AND ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE INDICATED THAT MATERNAL PRENATAL STRESS (PS) HAS MOLECULAR AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS DURING PREGNANCY AND EARLY LIFE. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF THE NR3C1 GENE INVOLVED IN THE HPA AXIS IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC TISSUES OF RATS EXPOSED TO PS INDUCED BY CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS). BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF THESE CHANGES ON THE NEXT GENERATION WERE ALSO ASSESSED. METHODS AND RESULTS: CUMS PROTOCOL WAS USED TO GENERATE STRESS IN PREGNANT WISTAR RATS. TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON ANHEDONIA AND MOVEMENT, SUCROSE PREFERENCE TEST, FORCED SWIMMING TEST, AND OPEN FIELD TEST WERE PERFORMED. FOLLOWING THESE BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTS, BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR FOR DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE NR3C1 GENE, RT-QPCR FOR MRNA LEVELS, AND WESTERN BLOT TECHNIQUES FOR PROTEIN ANALYSIS WERE USED IN THE HYPOTHALAMIC TISSUE OF SACRIFICED RATS. DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE EVIDENT IN THE BEHAVIORAL TESTS OF STRESS-EXPOSED MOTHERS AND PUPS. IN PS-EXPOSED PUPS, HYPOTHALAMIC NR3C1 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS HIGHER, AND NR3C1 MRNA LEVELS AND NR3C1 PROTEIN LEVELS WERE LOWER COMPARED WITH CONTROLS, REGARDLESS OF SEX. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS CONFIRM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PS AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF HPA AXIS-RELATED GENES AND SHOW THAT NR3C1 GENE METHYLATION STATUS IN PUPS IS SENSITIVE TO PS DURING PREGNANCY. ENVIRONMENTAL MATERNAL STRESS MAY HAVE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS THAT ARE POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN THE PUPS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6 4394  40 MODIFICATION OF EPIGENETIC PATTERNS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT CHILDREN: IMPORTANCE OF HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE ACE GENE PROMOTER. THERE IS A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF MANY CHRONIC DISORDERS LINKED TO FETAL PROGRAMMING. ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) APPEARS AS ONE CANDIDATE GENE THAT BRINGS NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL AND LATER DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASES. IN THIS VIEW, WE HAVE POSTULATED THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE ACE GENE MIGHT SHOW DIFFERENT INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIRTH WEIGHT (BW), BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS, PLASMA ACE ACTIVITY AND ACE I/D POLYMORPHISM. TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE PERFORMED A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE DNA METHYLATION OF 3 CPG SITES USING PYROSEQUENCING WITHIN THE ACE GENE PROMOTER OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES FROM 45 LBW CHILDREN COMPARED WITH 70 NBW CHILDREN. OUR RESULTS HAVE REVEALED THAT LBW CHILDREN HAVE LOWER METHYLATION LEVELS (P<0.001) IN PARALLEL WITH A HIGHER ACE ACTIVITY (P = 0.001). ADJUSTING FOR PREMATURITY, GENDER, AGE, BODY MASS INDEX, AND FAMILY HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DID NOT ALTER THESE FINDINGS. WE HAVE ALSO PERFORMED ANALYSES OF INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. THE FREQUENCY OF DNA METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT AT TWO CPG SITES (SITE 1: NUCLEOTIDE POSITION +555; AND SITE 3: NUCLEOTIDE POSITION +563). IN ADDITION, WE HAVE FOUND A SIGNIFICANT INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN DEGREE OF DNA METHYLATION AND BOTH ACE ACTIVITY (P<0.001) AND SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS (P<0.001). WE ALSO OBSERVED THAT THE METHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN LBW CHILDREN WHO ARE CARRIERS OF THE DD GENOTYPE COMPARED TO NBW CHILDREN WITH DD GENOTYPE (P<0.024). IN CONCLUSION, WE ARE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE HYPOMETHYLATION IN THE 3 CPG SITES OF ACE GENE PROMOTER IS ASSOCIATED WITH LBW IN 6 TO 12 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN. THE MAGNITUDE OF THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES APPEARS TO BE CLINICALLY IMPORTANT, WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE OBSERVATION THAT DISCRETE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION CAN AFFECT SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND ACE PROTEIN ACTIVITY LEVELS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7 1599  35 DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE OF CHILDHOOD CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN T CELLS OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN. BACKGROUND: HIGH FREQUENCY OF PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IS THE CENTRAL FEATURE OF SEVERE CONDUCT DISORDER AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIAL, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN PERIPHERAL T CELLS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY IN MALES. DESPITE THE FACT THAT SEX DIFFERENCES APPEAR TO PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN DETERMINING THE DEVELOPMENT, MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF AGGRESSION, MOST OF PREVIOUS STUDIES FOCUSED ON MALES, SO LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT FEMALE CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION. WE THEREFORE TESTED HERE WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS A SIGNATURE OF PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN FEMALE DNA METHYLATION AND, IF THERE IS, HOW IT RELATES TO THE SIGNATURE OBSERVED IN MALES. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: METHYLATION PROFILES WERE CREATED USING THE METHOD OF METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (MEDIP) FOLLOWED BY MICROARRAY HYBRIDIZATION AND STATISTICAL AND BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES ON T CELL DNA OBTAINED FROM ADULT WOMEN WHO WERE FOUND TO BE ON A CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY (CPA) BETWEEN 6 AND 12 YEARS OF AGE COMPARED TO WOMEN WHO FOLLOWED A NORMAL PHYSICAL AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY. WE CONFIRMED THE EXISTENCE OF A WELL-DEFINED, GENOME-WIDE SIGNATURE OF DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN THE PERIPHERAL T CELLS OF ADULT FEMALES THAT INCLUDES MANY OF THE GENES SIMILARLY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN THE SAME CELL TYPES OF ADULT MALES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IN A SMALL NUMBER OF WOMEN PRESENTS PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR A GENOME-WIDE VARIATION IN PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION THAT ASSOCIATES WITH CPA IN WOMEN THAT WARRANT LARGER STUDIES FOR FURTHER VERIFICATION. A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED IN MEN WITH CPA SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF EARLY LIFE AGGRESSION IN FEMALES IS COMPOSED OF A COMPONENT SPECIFIC TO FEMALES AND ANOTHER COMMON TO BOTH MALES AND FEMALES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8 5395  32 REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIGH SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE. PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS HAVE BEEN LINKED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING, BUT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT WHETHER PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE FACTORS (EG, SENSE OF PURPOSE IN LIFE) MIGHT REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED IF OLDER ADULTS WHO EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF PURPOSE MIGHT SHOW REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. WE EVALUATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PURPOSE AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION AS MEASURED BY 13 DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" ASSESSED IN 1 572 OLDER ADULTS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY (MEAN AGE 70 YEARS). WE QUANTIFIED THE TOTAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PURPOSE AND DNAM AGE ACCELERATION AS WELL AS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THAT TOTAL ASSOCIATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTABLE TO DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, CHRONIC DISEASE, OTHER PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES (EG, POSITIVE AFFECT), AND HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (HEAVY DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BODY MASS INDEX [BMI]). PURPOSE IN LIFE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION ACROSS 4 "SECOND-GENERATION" DNAM CLOCKS OPTIMIZED FOR PREDICTING HEALTH AND LONGEVITY (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE [FDR] Q < 0.0001: PHENOAGE, GRIMAGE, ZHANG EPIGENETIC MORTALITY INDEX; FDR Q < 0.05: DUNEDINPOAM). THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE INDEPENDENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, BUT SUBSTANTIALLY ATTENUATED AFTER ADJUSTING FOR HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS (DRINKING, SMOKING, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BMI). PURPOSE SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH 9 "FIRST-GENERATION" DNAM EPIGENETIC CLOCKS TRAINED ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. OLDER ADULTS WITH GREATER PURPOSE IN LIFE SHOW "YOUNGER" DNAM EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION. THESE RESULTS MAY BE DUE IN PART TO ASSOCIATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS. RESULTS SUGGEST NEW OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE BIOLOGICAL AGE ACCELERATION BY ENHANCING PURPOSE AND ITS BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE IN LATE ADULTHOOD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9  524  36 ASSOCIATIONS OF BDNF GENOTYPE AND PROMOTER METHYLATION WITH ACUTE AND LONG-TERM STROKE OUTCOMES IN AN EAST ASIAN COHORT. BACKGROUND: BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN POSTSTROKE RECOVERY. BDNF SECRETION IS INFLUENCED BY GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILES. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM AND PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOMES AT TWO WEEKS AND ONE YEAR AFTER STROKE. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A TOTAL OF 286 PATIENTS WERE EVALUATED AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION AND TWO WEEKS AFTER STROKE, AND 222 (78%) WERE FOLLOWED ONE YEAR LATER IN ORDER TO EVALUATE CONSEQUENCES OF STROKE AT BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STAGES. STROKE OUTCOMES WERE DICHOTOMISED INTO GOOD AND POOR BY THE MODIFIED RANKIN SCALE. STROKE SEVERITY (NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH STROKE SCALE), PHYSICAL DISABILITY (BARTHEL INDEX), AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION (MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION) WERE MEASURED. ASSOCIATIONS OF BDNF GENOTYPE AND METHYLATION STATUS ON STROKE OUTCOMES AND ASSESSMENT SCALE SCORES WERE INVESTIGATED USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION, REPEATED MEASURES ANOVA AND PARTIAL CORRELATION TESTS. BDNF VAL66MET POLYMORPHISM WAS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOME AT 2 WEEKS AND AT 1 YEAR, AND WITH WORSENING PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION OVER THAT PERIOD. HIGHER BDNF PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS WAS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE OUTCOMES AT 1 YEAR, AND WITH THE WORSENING OF PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION. NO SIGNIFICANT GENOTYPE-METHYLATION INTERACTIONS WERE FOUND. CONCLUSIONS: A ROLE FOR BDNF IN POSTSTROKE RECOVERY WAS SUPPORTED, AND CLINICAL UTILITY OF BDNF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILE AS PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS AND A TARGET FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT WAS SUGGESTED.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
10 6311  32 THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING CYTOKINES FLUCTUATE WITH AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE, AND ARE PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PATTERNS OF DNA (CPG) METHYLATION. GIVEN THAT IMMUNE CELLS ARE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKINES IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT SERUM LEVELS OF TNF, IL-6, IL-8 AND IL-10 WOULD CORRELATE WITH GENOME-WIDE ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. TO TEST THIS, WE EVALUATED COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS (N = 14; 48-78 YEARS OLD) RECRUITED TO A PILOT STUDY FOR THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA), EXAMINING DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT, APART FROM AGE, SERUM IL-10 LEVELS EXHIBITED THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL ASSOCIATION TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, FOLLOWED BY TNF, IL-6 AND IL-8. FURTHERMORE, WHILE THE LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES WERE HIGHER IN ELDERLY ADULTS, NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH EPIGENETIC ACCELERATED AGING, DERIVED USING THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK, WERE OBSERVED. CONCLUSIONS: AS A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THIS WORK MUST BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION; HOWEVER, OUR OBSERVATIONS ARE ENCOURAGING AND CERTAINLY WARRANT MORE SUITABLY POWERED STUDIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
11 5656  35 SEX-DEPENDENT ASSOCIATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE CODING REGION OF THE CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE GENE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER. BACKGROUND: SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER (SSD) IS A COMMON MENTAL DISORDER CAUSING SEVERE AND CHRONIC DISABILITY. EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN GENES RELATED TO THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS ARE BELIEVED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SSD PATHOGENESIS. THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) GENE, WHICH IS CENTRAL TO THE HPA AXIS, HAS NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED IN PATIENTS WITH SSD. AIM: WE INVESTIGATED THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE CODING REGION OF THE CRH GENE (HEREAFTER, CRH METHYLATION) USING PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH SSD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: WE USED SODIUM BISULPHITE AND METHYLTARGET TO DETERMINE CRH METHYLATION AFTER COLLECTING PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 70 PATIENTS WITH SSD WHO HAD POSITIVE SYMPTOMS AND 68 HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: CRH METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN PATIENTS WITH SSD, ESPECIALLY IN MALE PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENCES IN CRH METHYLATION WERE DETECTABLE IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH SSD. EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE CRH GENE WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO POSITIVE SYMPTOMS OF SSD, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES MAY MEDIATE THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SSD.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12  520  35 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION CHANGES IN IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL STRESS HAS BEEN LINKED TO LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN NEWBORNS. ONE POTENTIAL PATHWAY INVOLVES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT CANDIDATE GENES THAT MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF PRENATAL MATERNAL STRESS ON BIRTH WEIGHT. THIS RELATIONSHIP HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN STRESS-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS NR3C1. THERE IS LESS LITERATURE EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF STRESS ON GROWTH-RELATED GENES. IGF1 AND IGF2 HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, THOUGH VIA DIFFERENT MECHANISMS AS IGF2 IS UNDER IMPRINTING CONTROL. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRENATAL STRESS, METHYLATION OF IGF1 AND IGF2, AND BIRTH WEIGHT. A TOTAL OF 24 MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO WERE ENROLLED. ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED WITH MOTHERS AT DELIVERY TO GATHER CULTURALLY RELEVANT WAR-RELATED AND CHRONIC STRESSORS. DNA METHYLATION DATA WERE GENERATED FROM MATERNAL VENOUS, CORD BLOOD AND PLACENTAL TISSUE SAMPLES. MULTIVARIATE REGRESSIONS WERE USED TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN STRESS MEASURES, DNA METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT IN EACH OF THE THREE TISSUE TYPES. WE FOUND AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND BIRTH WEIGHT. PREVIOUS LITERATURE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IGF2 METHYLATION AND BIRTH WEIGHT HAS FOCUSED ON METHYLATION AT KNOWN DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN CORD BLOOD OR PLACENTAL SAMPLES. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THERE MAY BE LINKS BETWEEN THE MATERNAL EPIGENOME AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT THAT RELY ON MECHANISMS OUTSIDE KNOWN IMPRINTING PATHWAYS. IT THUS MAY BE IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL EXPOSURES AND EPIGENETIC PROFILES ON BIRTH WEIGHT EVEN IN THE SETTING OF MATERNALLY IMPRINTED GENES SUCH AS IGF2.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13 2734  42 EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AGE MEASURES AND PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN WITH EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER. PURPOSE: THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK HAS BEEN ACKNOWLEDGED AS AN INDICATOR FOR MOLECULAR AGING, BUT FEW STUDIES HAVE EXAMINED POSSIBLE ASSOCIATIONS OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AGE OR AGE ACCELERATION (AA) WITH SYMPTOM BURDEN IN INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE TREATED FOR CANCER. THIS STUDY EXPLORED THE ASSOCIATION OF DNAM AGE OR AA WITH PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL (PN) SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISTURBANCES, PAIN, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS, IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS OVER A 2-YEAR PERIOD. METHODS: WE MEASURED PN SYMPTOMS USING RELIABLE INSTRUMENTS AND DNAM LEVELS BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450K BEADCHIP (N = 72). DNAM AGE WAS CALCULATED BY THE HORVATH, GRIM, AND HANNUM-BASED INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC AGE ESTIMATIONS. AA WAS DEFINED BY THE RESIDUAL REGRESSING ESTIMATED EPIGENETIC AGE ON CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. MIXED REGRESSION MODELS WERE FITTED FOR AA AND CHANGES IN AA TO STUDY THE ASSOCIATION OVER TIME. SEPARATE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS AND A MIXED-EFFECTS MODEL WERE FITTED FOR AA AT EACH TIME POINT. RESULTS: HORVATH-AA, GRIM-AA, AND EXTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED OVER TIME, WHILE INTRINSIC EPIGENETIC AA DID NOT EXHIBIT ANY TEMPORAL CHANGES. INCREASED AA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY AND FATIGUE, AS WELL AS WORSE COGNITIVE MEMORY, ADJUSTING FOR RACE, BMI, INCOME, CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIATION THERAPY, AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. INCREASED DNAM AGE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ANXIETY OVER 2 YEARS. CONCLUSION: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST DNAM AGE AND AA MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH PN SYMPTOMS OVER THE COURSE OF CANCER TREATMENT AND SURVIVORSHIP. SOME PN SYMPTOMS MAY BE AMENABLE TO PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS TARGETED TO EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THAT INFLUENCE AGING-ASSOCIATED PROCESSES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14 1497  30 DNA METHYLATION AGE IS ACCELERATED IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (ALC) IS A CHRONIC, RELAPSING DISORDER THAT INCREASES THE BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO NUMEROUS PREMATURE DEATHS EACH YEAR. PREVIOUS RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC, HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. IN ADDITION, DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CERTAIN CPG SITES HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH AGE. WE USED AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN EPIGENETIC AGING. WE EXPLORED THIS QUESTION IN FIVE INDEPENDENT COHORTS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION DATA DERIVED FROM DATASETS FROM BLOOD (N = 129, N = 329), LIVER (N = 92, N = 49), AND POSTMORTEM PREFRONTAL CORTEX (N = 46). ONE BLOOD DATASET AND ONE LIVER TISSUE DATASET OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALC EXHIBITED POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P < 0.0001 AND P = 0.0069, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS THE OTHER BLOOD AND LIVER TISSUE DATASETS BOTH EXHIBITED TRENDS OF POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.83 AND P = 0.57, RESPECTIVELY). PREFRONTAL CORTEX TISSUE EXHIBITED A TREND OF NEGATIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P = 0.19). THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING IN A TISSUE-SPECIFIC MANNER AND WARRANTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION USING MULTIPLE TISSUE SAMPLES FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15  521  41 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, DNA METHYLATION, AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IDENTIFIED BY INVESTIGATING METHYLATION AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME LEVELS. STRESS IS KNOWN TO AFFECT HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AND INTO FUTURE GENERATIONS, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNKNOWN. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MATERNAL PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS INFLUENCES DNA METHYLATION (DNAM), WHICH IN TURN IMPACTS NEWBORN HEALTH OUTCOMES. SPECIFICALLY, WE ANALYZED DNAM AT INDIVIDUAL, REGIONAL, AND GENOME-WIDE LEVELS TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS WITH MATERNAL STRESS AND NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT. MATERNAL VENOUS BLOOD AND NEWBORN CORD BLOOD (N = 24 AND 22, RESPECTIVELY) WERE ASSAYED FOR METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 450,000 CPG SITES. METHYLATION WAS ANALYZED BY EXAMINING CPG SITES INDIVIDUALLY IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS), AS REGIONAL GROUPS USING VARIABLY METHYLATED REGION (VMR) ANALYSIS IN MATERNAL BLOOD ONLY, AND THROUGH THE EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES USING GENOME-WIDE MEAN METHYLATION (GMM), HORVATH'S EPIGENETIC CLOCK, AND MITOTIC AGE. THESE METHYLATION MEASURES WERE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATION WITH THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS (MATERNAL WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND EXPERIENCE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE) AND ONE HEALTH OUTCOME (NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT). WE OBSERVED THAT MATERNAL EXPERIENCES OF WAR TRAUMA, CHRONIC STRESS, AND SEXUAL ASSAULT WERE EACH ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT (P < 1.95 X 10(-7) IN ALL CASES). TESTING INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES USING EWAS, WE OBSERVED NO ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND ANY MEASURE OF MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER MATERNAL OR CORD BLOOD, AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. HOWEVER, THE TOP-RANKED CPG SITE IN MATERNAL BLOOD THAT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE BEFORE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION IS LOCATED NEAR THE SPON1 GENE. TESTING AT A REGIONAL LEVEL, WE FOUND INCREASED METHYLATION OF A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD NEAR SPON1 THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC STRESS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE AFTER BONFERRONI MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION (P = 1.95 X 10(-7) AND 8.3 X 10(-6), RESPECTIVELY). AT THE EPIGENOMIC LEVEL, CORD BLOOD GMM WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF WAR TRAUMA (P = 0.025) AND WAS SUGGESTIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL VIOLENCE (P = 0.053). THE OTHER TWO EPIGENOME-WIDE MEASURES WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL STRESS OR NEWBORN BIRTH WEIGHT IN EITHER TISSUE TYPE. DESPITE OUR SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, WE IDENTIFIED ASSOCIATIONS EVEN AFTER CONSERVATIVE MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. SPECIFICALLY, WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNAM AND THE THREE MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS ACROSS BOTH TISSUES; SPECIFICALLY, A VMR IN MATERNAL BLOOD AND GMM IN CORD BLOOD WERE BOTH ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT MEASURES OF MATERNAL STRESS. THE ASSOCIATION OF CORD BLOOD GMM, BUT NOT MATERNAL BLOOD GMM, WITH MATERNAL STRESS MAY SUGGEST DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO STRESS IN MOTHER AND NEWBORN. IT IS NOTEWORTHY THAT WE FOUND ASSOCIATIONS ONLY WHEN CPG SITES WERE ANALYZED IN AGGREGATE, EITHER AS VMRS OR AS A BROAD SUMMARY MEASURE OF GMM.	2019	

16 6315  37 THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL AND CHILD METHYLATION OF THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR NR3C1 DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD AND SUBSEQUENT CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AT SCHOOL-AGE IN THE CONTEXT OF MATERNAL INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE-RELATED POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER. INTRODUCTION: INTERPERSONAL VIOLENT (IPV) EXPERIENCES WHEN THEY BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD AND CONTINUE IN VARIOUS FORMS DURING ADULTHOOD OFTEN LEAD TO CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) THAT IS ASSOCIATED IN MULTIPLE STUDIES WITH HYPOCORTISOLISM AND LOWER PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GENE CODING FOR THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (NR3C1). THIS PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL STUDY EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF NR3C1 METHYLATION AMONG MOTHERS WITH IPV-RELATED PTSD AND THEIR TODDLERS AND THEN LOOKED AT THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION AND CHILD PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AT SCHOOL AGE. METHODS: FORTY-EIGHT MOTHERS WERE EVALUATED FOR LIFE-EVENTS HISTORY AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER VIA STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW WHEN THEIR CHILDREN WERE AGES 12-42 MONTHS (MEAN AGE 26.7 MONTHS, SD 8.8). THEIR CHILDREN'S PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN TERMS OF INTERNALIZING SYMPTOMS AND EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS WAS EVALUATED USING THE CHILD BEHAVIOR CHECKLIST AT AGES 5-9 YEARS (MEAN AGE 7 YEARS, SD 1.1). PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION FOR THE NR3C1 GENE PROMOTER REGION WAS ASSESSED FROM DNA EXTRACTED FROM MATERNAL AND CHILD SALIVA USING BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. DATA ANALYSIS INVOLVED PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRIC CORRELATIONS AND MULTIPLE LINEAR AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELING. RESULTS: LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS USING CHILD NR3C1 METHYLATION AS THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION AND PTSD GROUP STATUS AS PREDICTORS, AS WELL AS THE INTERACTION INDICATED THAT ALL THREE OF THESE SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED CHILD NR3C1 METHYLATION. THESE FINDINGS REMAINED SIGNIFICANT WHEN CONTROLLING FOR CHILD AGE, SEX AND MATERNAL CHILD ABUSE HISTORY. OVERALL, MATERNAL NR3C1 METHYLATION WHEN CHILDREN WERE TODDLERS WAS NEGATIVELY AND SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILD EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR SEVERITY AT SCHOOL AGE. DISCUSSION: WE FOUND THAT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN OF NR3C1 METHYLATION LEVELS OVERALL AND AT ALL INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES OF INTEREST WERE SIGNIFICANT ONLY IN THE IPV-PTSD GROUP. THE LATTER FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT NR3C1 METHYLATION IN MOTHERS POSITIVELY AND STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATES WITH NR3C1 METHYLATION IN THEIR CHILDREN ONLY IN PRESENCE OF IPV-PTSD IN THE MOTHERS. THIS MATERNAL EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE WITH RESPECT TO THIS GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR IS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHILD BEHAVIOR THAT MAY WELL POSE A RISK FOR INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF VIOLENCE AND RELATED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
17  846  46 CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY IN T CELLS. BACKGROUND: EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT EXPOSURE TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) INCREASES ATOPY; IT IS UNCLEAR HOW PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO INCREASED SEVERITY OF ATOPIC DISEASES. OBJECTIVE: WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO IMPAIRMENT OF IMMUNITY IN ATOPIC CHILDREN (DEFINED AS CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA AND/OR ALLERGIC RHINITIS) FROM FRESNO, CALIFORNIA, AN AREA WITH ELEVATED AMBIENT PAHS. METHODS: WE RECRUITED 256 SUBJECTS FROM FRESNO, CA. AMBIENT PAH CONCENTRATIONS (NG/M(3) ) WERE MEASURED USING A SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REGRESSION MODEL OVER MULTIPLE TIME PERIODS. ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS WAS DETERMINED BY CURRENT NHLBI CRITERIA. PHENOTYPING AND FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED FROM ISOLATED CELLS. FOR EPIGENETIC MEASUREMENTS, DNA WAS ISOLATED AND PYROSEQUENCED. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT HIGHER AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED TREG FUNCTION AND INCREASED METHYLATION IN THE FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN 3 (FOXP3) LOCUS (P < 0.05), CONDITIONAL ON ATOPIC STATUS. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF FOXP3 (P < 0.001). METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR FUNCTIONAL CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY TREG DYSFUNCTION, AND AN INCREASE IN TOTAL PLASMA IGE LEVELS. PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF IL-10 DECREASED AND IFN-GAMMA INCREASED AS THE EXTENT OF PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED. THE STRENGTH OF THE ASSOCIATIONS GENERALLY INCREASED AS THE TIME WINDOW FOR AVERAGE PAH EXPOSURE INCREASED FROM 24 HR TO 1 YEAR, SUGGESTING MORE OF A CHRONIC RESPONSE. SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC PAH EXPOSURE AND IMMUNE OUTCOMES WERE ALSO OBSERVED IN SUBJECTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASED AMBIENT PAH EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN A KEY LOCUS INVOLVED IN ATOPY: FOXP3, WITH A HIGHER IMPACT ON ATOPIC CHILDREN. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED ATOPIC CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN COULD BE LINKED TO INCREASED PAH EXPOSURE IN AIR POLLUTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18 3412  33 HPA AXIS REGULATION AND EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF IMMUNE-RELATED GENES IN CHRONICALLY STRESSED AND NON-STRESSED MID-LIFE WOMEN. HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS DYSREGULATION HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED IMMUNE FUNCTION, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, RESPOND TO THE GLUCOCORTICOID END-PRODUCTS OF THE HPA AXIS (CORTISOL IN HUMANS) AND COULD BE INVOLVED IN THIS NEUROENDOCRINE-IMMUNE CROSSTALK. HERE WE EXAMINED THE EXTENT TO WHICH VARIATIONS IN HPA AXIS REGULATION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD DNA (CPG) METHYLATION CHANGES IN 57 CHRONICALLY STRESSED CAREGIVERS AND 67 CONTROL WOMEN. DNA METHYLATION WAS DETERMINED WITH THE ILLUMINA 450K ARRAY FOR A PANEL OF GENES INVOLVED IN HPA AXIS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION. HPA AXIS FEEDBACK WAS ASSESSED WITH THE LOW-DOSE DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST (DST), MEASURING THE EXTENT TO WHICH CORTISOL SECRETION IS SUPPRESSED BY THE SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOID DEXAMETHASONE. AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION IN THE ENTIRE COHORT, HIGHER POST-DST CORTISOL, REFLECTING BLUNTED HPA AXIS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK, BUT NOT BASELINE WAKING CORTISOL, WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER DNA METHYLATION AT EIGHT TNF AND TWO FKBP5 CPG SITES. CAREGIVER GROUP STATUS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER METHYLATION AT TWO IL6 CPG SITES. SINCE ASSOCIATIONS WERE MOST ROBUST WITH TNF METHYLATION (32% OF THE 450K-COVERED SITES), WE FURTHER EXAMINED FUNCTIONALITY OF THIS EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN CULTURED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN 33 PARTICIPANTS; INTRIGUINGLY, LOWER TNF METHYLATION RESULTED IN HIGHER EX VIVO TNF MRNA FOLLOWING IMMUNE STIMULATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS LINK CHRONIC STRESS AND HPA AXIS REGULATION WITH EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES AT IMMUNE-RELATED GENES, THEREBY PROVIDING NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO HOW ABERRANT HPA AXIS FUNCTION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO HEIGHTENED INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE RISK.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
19 5166  39 PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE EXERTS SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON OFFSPRING GROWTH AND LONG-TERM METABOLIC PROGRAMMING. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH CLINICAL DATA SUPPORT AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE AND DEFICITS IN CHILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATERNAL DRINKING AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED GROWTH PHENOTYPES REMAINS CHALLENGING TO DEFINE. USING AN ESTABLISHED MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE, PREVIOUS WORK BY OUR GROUP HAS LINKED PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE TO SEX-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND PLACENTAL DYSFUNCTION. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF CHRONIC PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE ON OFFSPRING GROWTH AND METABOLIC PROGRAMMING. RESULTS: PRECONCEPTION PATERNAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE INDUCED A PROLONGED PERIOD OF FETAL GESTATION AND AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION, WHICH AFFECTED THE MALE OFFSPRING TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN THE FEMALES. WHILE THE FEMALE OFFSPRING OF ETHANOL-EXPOSED MALES WERE ABLE TO MATCH THE BODY WEIGHTS OF THE CONTROLS WITHIN THE FIRST 2 WEEKS OF POSTNATAL LIFE, MALE OFFSPRING CONTINUED TO DISPLAY AN 11% REDUCTION IN WEIGHT AT 5 WEEKS OF AGE AND A 6% REDUCTION AT 8 WEEKS OF AGE. THE OBSERVED GROWTH DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE MALE OFFSPRING, WHILE IN CONTRAST, FEMALES DISPLAYED A MODEST LAG IN THEIR GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. THESE METABOLIC DEFECTS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH AN UP-REGULATION OF GENES WITHIN THE PRO-FIBROTIC TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND INCREASED LEVELS OF CELLULAR HYDROXYPROLINE WITHIN THE LIVERS OF THE MALE OFFSPRING. WE OBSERVED SUPPRESSED CYTOKINE PROFILES WITHIN THE LIVER AND PANCREAS OF BOTH THE MALE AND FEMALE OFFSPRING, WHICH CORRELATED WITH THE UP-REGULATION OF GENES IN THE LIVERX/RETINOIDX/FARNESOIDX RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. HOWEVER, PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION WERE HIGHLY VARIABLE BETWEEN THE OFFSPRING OF ALCOHOL-EXPOSED SIRES. IN THE ADULT OFFSPRING OF ALCOHOL-EXPOSED MALES, WE DID NOT OBSERVE ANY DIFFERENCES IN THE ALLELIC EXPRESSION OF IGF2 OR ANY OTHER IMPRINTED GENES. CONCLUSIONS: THE IMPACT OF PATERNAL ALCOHOL USE ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT IS POORLY EXPLORED AND REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT GAP IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL. OUR STUDIES IMPLICATE PATERNAL EXPOSURE HISTORY AS AN ADDITIONAL AND IMPORTANT MODIFIER OF ALCOHOL-INDUCED GROWTH PHENOTYPES AND CHALLENGE THE CURRENT MATERNAL-CENTRIC EXPOSURE PARADIGM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20 1784  48 EFFECT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON CPG METHYLATION IN THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF H19 AND IG-DMR IN MALE GAMETES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. BACKGROUND: EXPOSURE TO ALCOHOL IN UTERO IS THE MAIN ATTRIBUTABLE CAUSE OF FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS (FASD) WHICH IN ITS MOST SEVERE FORM IS CHARACTERIZED BY IRREVERSIBLE BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DISABILITY. PATERNAL PRECONCEPTION DRINKING IS NOT CONSIDERED TO BE A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR, EVEN THOUGH ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC PATERNAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS A DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF IN UTERO ALCOHOL EXPOSURE. IT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED THAT ALCOHOL CAN REDUCE THE LEVELS AND ACTIVITY OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES RESULTING IN DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AND THAT REDUCED METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY CAN CAUSE ACTIVATION OF NORMALLY SILENCED GENES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ESTABLISH A LINK BETWEEN ALCOHOL USE IN MEN AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF PATERNALLY IMPRINTED LOCI IN SPERM DNA IN GENOMIC REGIONS CRITICAL FOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, THUS PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR PATERNAL EFFECTS IN THE AETIOLOGY OF FASD. METHODS: SPERM DNA FROM MALE VOLUNTEERS WAS BISULFITE TREATED AND THE METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 2 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS), H19 AND IG-DMR, ANALYZED FOLLOWING SEQUENCING OF INDIVIDUAL CLONES. THE METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE CORRELATED WITH THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF THE VOLUNTEER MALES. RESULTS: THERE WAS A PATTERN OF INCREASED DEMETHYLATION WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AT THE 2 IMPRINTED LOCI WITH A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OBSERVED AT THE IG-DMR BETWEEN THE NONDRINKING AND HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS. GREATER INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN AVERAGE METHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AT THE H19 DMR AND INDIVIDUAL CLONES WERE MORE EXTENSIVELY DEMETHYLATED THAN THOSE OF THE IG-DMR. CPG SITE #4 IN THE IG-DMR WAS PREFERENTIALLY DEMETHYLATED AMONG ALL INDIVIDUALS AND ALONG WITH THE H19 DMR CPG SITE #7 LOCATED WITHIN THE CTCF BINDING SITE 6 SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION IN THE ALCOHOL CONSUMING GROUPS COMPARED WITH THE CONTROL GROUP. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES A CORRELATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE AND DEMETHYLATION OF NORMALLY HYPERMETHYLATED IMPRINTED REGIONS IN SPERM DNA. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT, SHOULD THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMPRINTED GENES BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH FERTILIZATION, THEY WOULD ALTER THE CRITICAL GENE EXPRESSION DOSAGES REQUIRED FOR NORMAL PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT RESULTING IN OFFSPRING WITH FEATURES OF FASD.	2009