1 2999 128 GENETIC VARIATION, STRESS, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE IN ADULTS WITH FOOD ALLERGY OR CELIAC DISEASE. BACKGROUND: PERSISTENTLY HIGH CHRONIC STRESS CAN LEAD TO MALADAPTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES AND POOR MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH, HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS AT INCREASED RISK. CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITION DIAGNOSIS AND GENETICS ARE 2 CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN INFLUENCE STRESS, STRESS RESPONSE, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES. PURPOSE: FOOD ALLERGY (FA) AND CELIAC DISEASE (CD) REQUIRE CONSTANT VIGILANCE IN DAILY LIFE AND CAN LEAD TO INCREASED STRESS. THE PURPOSE OF THIS EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS WAS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF VARIANTS IN SELECTED STRESS-RELATED GENES WITH STRESS EXPOSURES, STRESS, CLINICAL MEASURES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE, AND MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT FA OR CD. METHODS: WE COMPARED STRESS EXPOSURES, SYMPTOMS OF PTSD, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS, BMI, AND WAIST-HIP RATIO BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. WE ANALYZED THE ASSOCIATION OF SNPS IN GENES WITH KNOWN OR HYPOTHESIZED ASSOCIATIONS WITH STRESS-RELATED MEASURES IN 124 CASES AND 124 MATCHED CONTROLS: CRHBP (RS7718461, RS10474485), CRHR1 (RS242940) AND OXTR (RS2268490). FOR THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY, P-VALUES </= 0.10 WERE CONSIDERED SUGGESTIVE. RESULTS: FOR CASES AND CONTROLS, RS7718461 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS SYMPTOMS, RS2268490 WITH SYMPTOMS OF STRESS AND PTSD, AND RS242940 WITH SYMPTOMS OF STRESS, PTSD, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION. FURTHER ANALYSES FOUND THAT STRESS-RELATED OUTCOMES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH FA OR CD MAY BE INFLUENCED BY SNP GENOTYPE. CONCLUSIONS: GIVEN THESE SUGGESTIVE FINDINGS, LARGER PROSPECTIVE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE SIMILAR RELATIONSHIPS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OTHER CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS, INCORPORATING FACTORS SUCH AS ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES, INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES, AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2 3914  41 LIFETIME STRESS ACCELERATES EPIGENETIC AGING IN AN URBAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT: RELEVANCE OF GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCELERATED AGING AND INCREASED RISK FOR AGING-RELATED DISEASES, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. RESULTS: WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF LIFETIME STRESSORS ON A DNA METHYLATION-BASED AGE PREDICTOR, EPIGENETIC CLOCK. AFTER CONTROLLING FOR BLOOD CELL-TYPE COMPOSITION AND LIFESTYLE PARAMETERS, CUMULATIVE LIFETIME STRESS, BUT NOT CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT OR CURRENT STRESS ALONE, PREDICTED ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING IN AN URBAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT (N = 392). THIS EFFECT WAS PRIMARILY DRIVEN BY PERSONAL LIFE STRESSORS, WAS MORE PRONOUNCED WITH ADVANCING AGE, AND WAS BLUNTED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGHER CHILDHOOD ABUSE EXPOSURE. HYPOTHESIZING THAT THESE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS COULD BE MEDIATED BY GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING, WE FOUND THAT A HIGH NUMBER (N = 85) OF EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPG SITES WERE LOCATED WITHIN GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE ELEMENTS. WE FURTHER EXAMINED THE FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE WITH GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION (N = 124) AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA (N = 297) BEFORE AND AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AGONIST DEXAMETHASONE. DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED DYNAMIC CHANGES IN METHYLATION IN 31.2 % (110/353) OF THESE CPGS AND TRANSCRIPTION IN 81.7 % (139/170) OF GENES NEIGHBORING EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPGS. DISEASE ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF THESE DEXAMETHASONE-REGULATED GENES SHOWED ENRICHED ASSOCIATION FOR AGING-RELATED DISEASES, INCLUDING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, AND LEUKEMIAS. CONCLUSIONS: CUMULATIVE LIFETIME STRESS MAY ACCELERATE EPIGENETIC AGING, AN EFFECT THAT COULD BE DRIVEN BY GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THESE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF MECHANISMS LINKING CHRONIC STRESS WITH ACCELERATED AGING AND HEIGHTENED DISEASE RISK.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3 6853  41 [NEUROBIOLOGY OF EARLY LIFE TRAUMATIC STRESS AND TRAUMA: PROLONGED NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION AS A NEURODEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR]. EARLY LIFE STRESSORS DISPLAY A HIGH UNIVERSAL PREVALENCE AND CONSTITUTE A MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM WITH TWO THIRDS OF YOUTH BEING EXPOSED TO POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES BY THE AGE OF 17. TRAUMATIC STRESS EXPOSURE DURING CRITICAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT MAY HAVE ESSENTIAL AND LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF INDIVIDUALS AND REPRESENTS A DEVELOPMENTAL RISK FACTOR MEDIATING RISK FOR DISEASE. EARLY-LIFE STRESS (ELS) AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMA (CT) CAN BOTH HAVE AN IMPACT ON SENSITIVE NEURONAL BRAIN NETWORKS INVOLVED IN STRESS REACTIONS, AND COULD EXERT A PROGRAMMING EFFECT ON GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING LEADING TO CHRONIC HYPER- OR HYPO-ACTIVATION OF THE STRESS SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, ALTERATIONS IN EMOTIONAL AND AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISRUPTION, FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN, AS WELL AS IMMUNE AND METABOLIC DYSREGULATION HAVE BEEN LATELY IDENTIFIED AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS FOR A CHRONICALLY IMPAIRED HOMEOSTATIC BALANCE AFTER ELS/CT. FURTHERMORE, HUMAN GENETIC BACKGROUND AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS THROUGH STRESS-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION COULD INTERACT WITH THESE ALTERATIONS AND EXPLAIN INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN VULNERABILITY OR RESILIENCE TO STRESS. THIS NARRATIVE REVIEW PRESENTS RELEVANT EVIDENCE FROM MAINLY HUMAN RESEARCH ON THE MOST ACKNOWLEDGED NEUROBIOLOGICAL ALLOSTATIC PATHWAYS EXERTING ENDURING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT EVEN DECADES LATER. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD PROSPECTIVELY INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS, THEIR TEMPORAL SEQUENCE AND COMBINED EFFECTS AT THE BIOLOGICAL LEVEL, WHILE CONSIDERING THE POTENTIALLY DELAYED TIME-FRAME FOR THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR EFFECTS. FINALLY, SCREENING STRATEGIES FOR ELS/CT AND TRAUMA NEED TO BE IMPROVED. INFORMATION ABOUT ELS/CT HISTORY AND THE NUMBER OF ADVERSE EXPERIENCES COULD HELP TO BETTER IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, PREDICT INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT RESPONSE AND DESIGN PREVENTION STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ELS/CT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4  381  39 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF EARLY-ONSET MAJOR DEPRESSION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. MAJOR DEPRESSION (MD) IS A DEBILITATING MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION WITH PEAK PREVALENCE OCCURRING EARLY IN LIFE. GENOME-WIDE EXAMINATION OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) OFFERS AN ATTRACTIVE COMPLEMENT TO STUDIES OF ALLELIC RISK GIVEN IT CAN REFLECT THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF GENES AND ENVIRONMENT. THE CURRENT STUDY USED MONOZYGOTIC TWINS TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF THE GENOME THAT DISTINGUISH TWINS WITH AND WITHOUT A LIFETIME HISTORY OF EARLY-ONSET MD. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED 150 CAUCASIAN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 20 (73% FEMALE; MAGE = 17.52 SD = 1.28) WHO WERE ASSESSED DURING A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY RELATIVELY DISTINCT NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES. ALL TWINS WERE GENERALLY HEALTHY AND CURRENTLY FREE OF MEDICATIONS WITH PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECTS. DNAM WAS MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS USING THE INFINIUM HUMAN BEADCHIP 450 K ARRAY. MD ASSOCIATIONS WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE DETECTED AT 760 DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED PROBES/REGIONS THAT MAPPED TO 428 GENES. GENES AND GENOMIC REGIONS INVOLVED NEURAL CIRCUITRY FORMATION, PROJECTION, FUNCTIONING, AND PLASTICITY. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSES IMPLICATED GENES RELATED TO NEURON STRUCTURES AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES INCLUDING CELL-CELL ADHESION GENES (E.G., PCDHA GENES). GENES PREVIOUSLY IMPLICATED IN MOOD AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AS WELL AS CHRONIC STRESS (E.G., NRG3) ALSO WERE IDENTIFIED. DNAM REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE FOUND TO OVERLAP GENETIC LOCI IDENTIFIED IN THE LATEST PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICS CONSORTIUM META-ANALYSIS OF DEPRESSION. UNDERSTANDING THE TIME COURSE OF EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES DURING EMERGING ADULTHOOD MAY CLARIFY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES WHERE CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLOME MAY MODULATE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MD RISK.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5 6127  34 THE EPIGENETIC OVERLAP BETWEEN OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. (1) BACKGROUND: OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS ARE CONSIDERED AS THE MOST PREVALENT MORBIDITIES IN MANY COUNTRIES. WE SUPPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY INDUCE HIGHER RATES OF OBESITY IN SUBJECTS WHO SUFFER FROM MOOD DISORDERS. IN THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WE FOCUSED ON THE POTENTIAL ROLES OF DNA METHYLATION ON MOOD DISORDERS AND OBESITY DEVELOPMENT. (2) METHODS: THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRISMA STATEMENT AND REGISTERED IN PROSPERO. A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, COCHRANE CENTRAL DATABASE, EMBASE, AND CINHAL. WE ALSO CONDUCTED A GREY LITERATURE SEARCH, SUCH AS GOOGLE SCHOLAR. (3) RESULTS: AFTER DEDUPLICATION, WE IDENTIFIED 198 POTENTIALLY RELATED CITATIONS. FINALLY, TEN UNIQUE STUDIES MET OUR INCLUSION CRITERIA. WE HAVE FOUND THREE OVERLAP GENES THAT SHOW SIGNIFICANT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, BOTH IN OBESITY AND DEPRESSION. PATHWAY ANALYSIS INTERACTION FOR TAPBP, BDNF, AND SORBS2 CONFIRMED THE RELATION OF THESE GENES IN BOTH OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS. (4) CONCLUSIONS: WHILE MECHANISMS LINKING BOTH OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS TO EPIGENETIC RESPONSE ARE STILL UNKNOWN, WE HAVE ALREADY KNOWN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCES A NOVEL EPIGENETIC PROGRAM. AS THE RESULTS OF GENE ENRICHMENT, PATHWAYS ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT TAPBP, BDNF, AND SORBS2 LINKED TOGETHER BY INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS. HYPERMETHYLATION IN THESE GENES MIGHT PLAY A CRUCIAL RULE IN THE CO-OCCURRENCE OF OBESITY AND MOOD DISORDERS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6 6137  27 THE EPIGENETICS OF PSYCHOSIS: A STRUCTURED REVIEW WITH REPRESENTATIVE LOCI. THE EVIDENCE FOR AN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT IN CHRONIC PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IS STRONG AND RESEARCH ON THE EPIGENETIC MANIFESTATIONS OF THESE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS HAS COMMENCED IN EARNEST. IN REVIEWING THIS RESEARCH, THE FOCUS IS ON THREE GENES AS MODELS FOR DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION, MCHR1, AKT1 AND TDO2, EACH OF WHICH HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED FOR GENETIC ASSOCIATION WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS, AND WHICH INTERACT WITH THESE MODEL GENES, ARE EXPLORED IN DEPTH. THE LOCATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MOTIFS RELATIVE TO KEY METHYLATION SITES IS EVALUATED FOR PREDICTED GENE EXPRESSION RESULTS, AND FOR OTHER SITES, EVIDENCE IS PRESENTED FOR METHYLATION DIRECTING ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM KEY STUDIES SHOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION: FOR MCHR1, IN PSYCHOSIS CASES VERSUS CONTROLS; FOR AKT1, AS A PRE-EXISTING METHYLATION PATTERN INFLUENCING BRAIN ACTIVATION FOLLOWING ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF A PSYCHOSIS-ELICITING ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULUS; AND FOR TDO2, IN A PATTERN ASSOCIATED WITH A DEVELOPMENTAL FACTOR OF RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS, IN ALL CASES THE PREDICTED EXPRESSION IMPACT BEING HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON LOCATION. METHYLATION INDUCED BY SMOKING, A CONFOUNDING VARIABLE, EXHIBITS AN INTRIGUING PATTERN FOR ALL THREE GENES. FINALLY, HOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION MESHES WITH DARWINIAN PRINCIPLES IS EXAMINED, IN PARTICULAR AS IT RELATES TO THE "FLEXIBLE STEM" THEORY OF EVOLUTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7 5737  42 SMOKING AND HEALTH: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TELOMERE LENGTH AND FACTORS IMPACTING ON HUMAN DISEASE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND LIFE SPAN IN A LARGE POPULATION-BASED COHORT UNDER THE EFFECT OF SMOKING DURATION. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) ARE OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE AS THEY CAUSE DAMAGE TO LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND DNA EITHER ENDOGENOUSLY BY CELLULAR MECHANISM, OR THROUGH EXOGENOUS EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INJURY FACTORS, INCLUDING OXIDATION INSULT FACTORS, SUCH AS TOBACCO SMOKE. CURRENTLY 46.3 MILLION ADULTS (25.7 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION) ARE SMOKERS. THIS INCLUDES 24 MILLION MEN (28.1 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL) AND MORE THAN 22 MILLION WOMEN (23.5 PERCENT). THE PREVALENCE IS HIGHEST AMONG PERSONS 25-44 YEARS OF AGE. CIGARETTE SMOKERS HAVE A HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING SEVERAL CHRONIC DISORDERS. THESE INCLUDE FATTY BUILDUPS IN ARTERIES, SEVERAL TYPES OF CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (LUNG PROBLEMS). AS PERIPHERAL LEUKOCYTES HAVE BEEN THE MAIN TARGET OF HUMAN TELOMERE RESEARCH, MOST OF WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT HUMAN TELOMERE DYNAMICS IN VIVO IS BASED ON THESE CELLS. LEUKOCYTE TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) IS A COMPLEX TRAIT THAT IS SHAPED BY GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS. IN THIS ARTICLE, WE CONSIDER THAT SMOKING MODIFIES LEUKOCYTE TL IN HUMANS AND CONTRIBUTES TO ITS VARIABILITY AMONG INDIVIDUALS, ALTHOUGH THE SMOKING EFFECT ON TL AND ITS RELATION WITH OTHER METABOLIC INDICES MAY ACCELERATE BIOLOGICAL AGING AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMOKING-INDUCED CHRONIC DISEASES IN A LARGE HUMAN POPULATION-BASED COHORTS WITH SMOKING BEHAVIOR. RECENT STUDIES CONFIRMED THAT INDIVIDUALS WITH SHORTER TELOMERES PRESENT A HIGHER PREVALENCE OF ARTERIAL LESIONS AND HIGHER RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY. THIS STUDY ORIGINALLY SUGGESTS THAT EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC PROTECTION OF TL AND STRUCTURE IN RESPONSE TO STRESSES THAT ARE KNOWN TO REDUCE TL, SUCH AS OXIDATIVE DAMAGE OR INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH TOBACCO SMOKING, WOULD LEAD TO BETTER TELOMERE MAINTENANCE. RECENTLY, WE HAVE DISCOVERED THE POTENTIAL USE OF TELOMERE-RESTORATIVE IMIDAZOLE-CONTAINING DIPEPTIDE (NON-HYDROLIZED CARNOSINE, CARCININE) BASED THERAPY FOR BETTER SURVIVAL OF SMOKERS. WE CONCLUDE THAT A BETTER THERAPEUTIC OR NUTRITIONAL MAINTENANCE OF TL MAY CONFER HEALTHY AGING IN SMOKERS AND EXCEPTIONAL LONGEVITY IN REGULARLY ROS-EXPOSED HUMAN SURVIVORS.	2011	

8 6720  36 VITAMIN D METABOLISM GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. CONTEXT: RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT VITAMIN D MAY INTERACT WITH THE EPIGENOME AND PLAY A ROLE IN THE PAIN EXPERIENCE. IN ORDER FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING TO OCCUR, THERE MUST BE AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF VITAMIN D PRESENT, MADE POSSIBLE BY ENZYMATIC REACTIONS THAT ALLOW VITAMIN D TO BE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE OF GENES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC KNEE PAIN. PROCEDURES: COMMUNITY-DWELLING INDIVIDUALS RECRUITED AS PART OF A LARGER STUDY FOCUSED ON KNEE PAIN PROVIDED DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL AND PAIN-RELATED INFORMATION, AS WELL AS AN INTRAVENOUS BLOOD SAMPLE TO DETERMINE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CPG SITES. MAIN FINDINGS: THERE WERE DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION BETWEEN THOSE WITH AND WITHOUT PAIN IN GENES THAT CODE FOR ENZYMES RELATED TO VITAMIN D METABOLISM: CYP24A1 (24-HYDROXYLASE) AND CYP27B1 (1-?-HYDROXYLASE). THERE WAS ALSO HYPERMETHYLATION ON THE GENE THAT CODES FOR THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN VITAMIN D METABOLISM AND CELLULAR FUNCTION. THESE RESULTS LAY GROUNDWORK IN UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND CHRONIC PAIN.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9 6678  37 USING GENETIC BURDEN SCORES FOR GENE-BY-METHYLATION INTERACTION ANALYSIS ON METABOLIC SYNDROME IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. WITH THE RAPID ADVANCEMENT OF OMICS-BASED RESEARCH, PARTICULARLY BIG DATA SUCH AS GENOME- AND EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES THAT INCLUDE EXTENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL VARIABLES, DATA ANALYTICS HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY COMPLEX. RESEARCHERS FACE SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES REGARDING HOW TO ANALYZE MULTIFACTORIAL DATA AND MAKE USE OF THE FINDINGS FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A SCIENTIFIC EXEMPLAR FOR USE OF GENETIC BURDEN SCORES AS A DATA ANALYSIS METHOD FOR STUDIES WITH BOTH GENOTYPE AND DNA METHYLATION DATA IN WHICH THE GOAL IS TO EVALUATE ASSOCIATIONS WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS SUCH AS METABOLIC SYNDROME (METS). THIS STUDY INCLUDED 739 AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN AND WOMEN FROM THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY STUDY WHO MET DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR METS AND HAD AVAILABLE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA. GENETIC BURDEN SCORES FOR EVALUATED GENES WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTIONS, BUT DNA METHYLATION AT 2 CPG SITES (DIHYDROOROTATE DEHYDROGENASE CG22381196 PFDR = .014; CTNNA3 CG00132141 PFDR = .043) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH METS AFTER CONTROLLING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE MARGINALLY SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES AND BURDEN SCORES, HOWEVER, WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT. MORE WORK IS REQUIRED IN THIS AREA TO IDENTIFY INTERMEDIATE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL, GENETIC, AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION THAT MAY EXPLAIN THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF METS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS. THIS STUDY DOES SERVE, HOWEVER, AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE GENETIC BURDEN SCORE AS AN ALTERNATIVE DATA ANALYSIS APPROACH FOR COMPLEX STUDIES INVOLVING THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA SIMULTANEOUSLY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 1159  32 CONTEXTUAL MODIFIERS OF HEALTHSPAN, LIFESPAN, AND EPIGENOME IN MICE UNDER CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS. SUSTAINED LIFE STRESS AND LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ARE AMONG THE MAJOR CAUSES OF AGING-RELATED DISEASES AND DECREASED LIFE EXPECTANCY. EXPERIMENTAL RODENT MODELS CAN HELP TO IDENTIFY THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS, YET VERY FEW STUDIES ADDRESS THE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL STRESS ON AGING. WE CONDUCTED A RANDOMIZED STUDY INVOLVING MORE THAN 300 MALE MICE OF COMMONLY USED LABORATORY STRAINS (C57BL/6J, CD1, AND SV129EV) CHOSEN FOR THE SPONTANEOUS AGGRESSION GRADIENT AND STRESS-VULNERABILITY. MICE WERE EXPOSED TO A LIFELONG CHRONIC PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS PROTOCOL TO MODEL SOCIAL GRADIENTS IN AGING AND DISEASE VULNERABILITY. LOW SOCIAL RANK, INFERRED BASED ON A DISCRETIZED AGGRESSION INDEX, WAS FOUND TO NEGATIVELY IMPACT LIFESPAN IN OUR STUDY POPULATION. HOWEVER, SOCIAL RANK INTERACTED WITH GENETIC BACKGROUND IN THAT LOW-RANKING C57BL/6J, HIGH-RANKING SV129EV, AND MIDDLE-RANKING CD1 MICE HAD LOWER SURVIVAL, RESPECTIVELY, IMPLYING A COST OF MAINTAINING A GIVEN SOCIAL RANK THAT VARIES ACROSS STRAINS. MACHINE LEARNING LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED BASELINE FAT-FREE MASS AS THE MOST IMPORTANT PREDICTOR OF MOUSE GENETIC BACKGROUND AND SOCIAL RANK IN THE PRESENT DATASET. FINALLY, STRAIN AND SOCIAL RANK DIFFERENCES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC CHANGES, MOST SIGNIFICANTLY IN SV129EV MICE AND IN HIGH-RANKING COMPARED TO LOWER RANKING SUBJECTS. OVERALL, WE IDENTIFIED GENETIC BACKGROUND AND SOCIAL RANK AS CRITICAL CONTEXTUAL MODIFIERS OF AGING AND LIFESPAN IN AN ETHOLOGICALLY RELEVANT RODENT MODEL OF SOCIAL STRESS, THEREBY PROVIDING A PRECLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH DISPARITIES AND ACCELERATED AGING.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
11 2901  30 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GERM-CELL MUTAGENESIS AND GENETIC RISK. CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ARE HAZARD-BASED RATHER THAN AIMED AT ASSESSING RISKS QUANTITATIVELY. IN THE PAST, GERM-CELL TESTS HAVE BEEN MAINLY PERFORMED WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF SOMATIC CELL MUTAGENS, AND RARELY UNDER CONDITIONS AIMED AT COMPARING GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MUTAGEN EXPOSURES. THERE ARE PROFOUND DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETIC CONSTITUTION, AND IN HORMONAL, STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF DIFFERENTIATION AND CONTROL OF GAMETOGENESIS BETWEEN THE SEXES. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SUGGESTS THAT THESE DIFFERENCES MAY HAVE A PROFOUND IMPACT ON THE RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY, STAGE OF HIGHEST SENSITIVITY AND THE RELATIVE RISK FOR THE GENESIS OF GENE MUTATION, AS WELL AS STRUCTURAL AND NUMERICAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN MALE AND FEMALE GERM CELLS. TRANSMISSION OF GERM-CELL MUTATIONS TO THE OFFSPRING MAY ALSO ENCOUNTER GENDER-SPECIFIC INFLUENCES. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHEMICALLY DERIVED ALTERATIONS IN IMPRINTING PATTERNS MAY POSE A THREAT FOR THE HEALTH OF THE OFFSPRING AND MAY ALSO BE TRANSMITTED TO FUTURE GENERATIONS. RECENT REPORTS ON DIFFERENT GENETIC EFFECTS FROM HIGH ACUTE AND FROM CHRONIC LOW-DOSE EXPOSURES CHALLENGE THE VALIDITY OF CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM STANDARD METHODS OF MUTAGENICITY TESTING. IN CONCLUSION, RESEARCH IS URGENTLY NEEDED TO IDENTIFY GENETIC HAZARDS FOR A LARGER RANGE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING THOSE SUSPECTED TO DISTURB PROPER CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. ALTERATIONS IN EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING AND THEIR HEALTH CONSEQUENCES WILL HAVE TO BE INVESTIGATED. MORE ATTENTION SHOULD BE PAID TO GENDER-SPECIFIC GENETIC EFFECTS. FINALLY, THE DATABASE FOR GERM-CELL MUTAGENS SHOULD BE ENLARGED USING MOLECULAR METHODOLOGIES, AND GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES SHOULD BE PERFORMED WITH THESE TECHNIQUES TO VERIFY HUMAN GENETIC RISK.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12  887  29 CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION IN ADULTHOOD. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN AFFECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE STRESS SYSTEM, LEADING TO ITS PERSISTENT DYSREGULATION AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED DISEASE RISK IN ADULTHOOD. ONE CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IS THOUGHT TO BE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS TREATED CHRONICALLY WITH CORTISOL DEVELOP INTO ADULTS WITH CONSTITUTIVELY ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL AND ABERRANT IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION. HERE WE FURTHER CHARACTERIZE THAT PHENOTYPE BY ASSESSING PERSISTENT EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT ON CORTISOL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS, CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY, AND ACTIVITIES OF GLUCOCORTICOID-RESPONSIVE REGULATORY GENES KLF9 AND FKBP5. TO THAT END CORTISOL LEVELS IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF FED AND FASTED ADULTS WERE MEASURED USING ELISA, OPEN CHROMATIN IN ADULT BLOOD CELLS WAS MAPPED USING ATAC-SEQ, AND GENE ACTIVITY IN ADULT BLOOD AND BRAIN CELLS WAS MEASURED USING QRT-PCR. RESULTS: ADULTS DERIVED FROM CORTISOL-TREATED EMBRYOS HAVE ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL WITH ABERRANTLY REGULATED TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS THAT CORRELATE WITH DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVITY OF KLF9 AND FKBP5 IN BLOOD AND BRAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
13 5160  37 PREADOLESCENT ADVERSITY PROGRAMS A DISRUPTED MATERNAL STRESS REACTIVITY IN HUMANS AND MICE. BACKGROUND: ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACES) ARE ONE OF THE GREATEST PREDICTORS OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS FOR WOMEN. PERIODS OF DYNAMIC HORMONAL FLUX, INCLUDING PREGNANCY, EXACERBATE THE RISK FOR AFFECTIVE DISTURBANCE AND PROMOTE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS DYSREGULATION, A KEY FEATURE OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. LITTLE IS UNDERSTOOD AS TO HOW STRESS EXPERIENCED IN LATE CHILDHOOD, DEFINED AS PREADOLESCENCE, ALTERS THE PROGRAMMING UNIQUE TO THIS PERIOD OF BRAIN MATURATION AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE HORMONAL CHANGES OF PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM. METHODS: PREADOLESCENT FEMALE MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS AND EXAMINED FOR CHANGES IN THEIR HPA AXIS DURING PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM, INCLUDING ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL-SPECIFIC STRESS RESPONSIVENESS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS. TRANSLATIONALLY, PREGNANT WOMEN WITH LOW OR HIGH ACES WERE EXAMINED FOR THEIR MATERNAL STRESS RESPONSIVENESS. RESULTS: AS PREDICTED, PREADOLESCENT STRESS IN MICE RESULTED IN A SIGNIFICANT BLUNTING OF THE CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSE DURING PREGNANCY. TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS REVEALED WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES AND THEIR TARGETS, SUPPORTING THE LIKELY INVOLVEMENT OF AN UPSTREAM EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. CRITICALLY, IN OUR HUMAN STUDIES, THE HIGH ACE WOMEN SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT BLUNTING OF THE HPA RESPONSE. CONCLUSIONS: THIS UNIQUE MOUSE MODEL RECAPITULATES A CLINICAL OUTCOME OF A HYPORESPONSIVE HPA STRESS AXIS, AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS, DURING A DYNAMIC HORMONAL PERIOD, AND SUGGESTS INVOLVEMENT OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS. THESE STUDIES IDENTIFY A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF FEMALE ACES THAT CAN BE USED TO EXAMINE HOW ADDITIONAL LIFE ADVERSITY MAY PROVOKE DISEASE RISK OR RESILIENCE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14 1408  45 DIETARY INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY HEALTH OUTCOMES AND DNA METHYLATION IN CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA. BACKGROUND: ASTHMA IS AN INCREASINGLY COMMON CHRONIC DISEASE AMONG CHILDREN, AND DATA POINT TOWARD A COMPLEX MECHANISM INVOLVING GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SUCH AS DNA HYPO- OR HYPER-METHYLATION HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES INCLUDING DIETARY NUTRIENTS. METHODS: WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE ASTHMA RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF INDOOR WOOD SMOKE (ARTIS) STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIET, ASTHMA HEALTH MEASURES, AND DNA METHYLATION. ASTHMA HEALTH MEASURES INCLUDED A QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENT, DIURNAL PEAK FLOW VARIABILITY (DPFV) AND FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN THE FIRST SECOND (FEV(1)). DIETARY INTAKE WAS ASSESSED WITH A FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE. METHYLATION LEVELS OF LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENT AND TWO PROMOTER CPG SITES FOR INTERFERON GAMMA (IFNGAMMA, -186 AND -54) FROM BUCCAL CELL DNA WERE MEASURED USING PYROSEQUENCING ASSAYS. RESULTS: DATA WERE COLLECTED ON 32 CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA LIVING IN WESTERN MONTANA WHO WERE RECRUITED TO THE ARTIS STUDY. SELENIUM AND SEVERAL METHYL DONOR DIETARY NUTRIENTS WERE POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ASTHMA QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURE. INTAKE OF METHYL DONATING NUTRIENTS INCLUDING FOLATE WAS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED LINE-1 METHYLATION AND NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH IFNGAMMA CPG-186. HIGHER LEVELS OF LINE-1 METHYLATION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER DPFV. CONCLUSION: WE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL NUTRIENTS THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES AMONG CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA. THE IFNGAMMA PROMOTER CPG SITE -186 BUT NOT -54 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTAKE OF SELECTED DIETARY NUTRIENTS. HOWEVER, IN THIS SMALL POPULATION OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA, THE IFNGAMMA PROMOTER CPG SITES WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY HEALTH MEASURES SO IT REMAINS UNCLEAR THROUGH WHICH EPIGENETIC MECHANISM THESE NUTRIENTS ARE IMPACTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURE. THESE FINDINGS ADD TO THE EVIDENCE THAT DIETARY NUTRIENTS, PARTICULARLY FOODS CONTAINING METHYL DONORS, MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION AS IT PERTAINS TO THE CONTROL OF ASTHMA. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINCIALTRIALS.GOV NCT00807183. REGISTERED 10 DECEMBER 2008.	2017	
                                                                               
15  247  37 ADULTHOOD ASTHMA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED GENES. THERE IS AN ACCUMULATING DATA THAT SHOWS RELATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES THAT IN TURN GIVE RISE TO THESE DISEASES. ASTHMA IS ONE OF THE CHRONIC DISEASES THAT IS INFLUENCED FROM GENETIC REGULATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY BIOMOLECULES AND THEREFORE THE HYPOTHESIS IN THIS RESEARCH WAS CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY MIGHT HAVE CAUSED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE ASTHMA-RELATED GENES IN THE POPULATION WHO HAD CHILDHOOD TRAUMA. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, THE LITERATURE WAS SYSTEMATICALLY REVIEWED TO EXTRACT EPIGENETICALLY MODIFIED GENE DATA OF THE ADULTS WHO HAD CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, AND AFFECTED GENES WERE FURTHER EVALUATED FOR THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH ASTHMA. PRISMA GUIDELINES WERE ADOPTED AND PUBMED AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR WERE INCLUDED IN THE SEARCHED DATABASES, TO EVALUATE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN ASTHMA-RELATED GENES OF PHYSICALLY, EMOTIONALLY OR SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN. AFTER RETRIEVING A TOTAL OF 5245 ARTICLES, 36 OF THEM WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. SEVERAL GENES AND PATHWAYS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT, INCREASED INFLAMMATION, OR RESPONSE TO ASTHMA TREATMENT WERE FOUND EPIGENETICALLY AFFECTED BY CHILDHOOD TRAUMAS. CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY, CAUSING EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN DNA, MAY LEAD TO ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT OR INFLUENCE THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT FOR THE PROLONGED HEALTH CONSEQUENCES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16 3391  26 HORMETIC ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERCEIVED STRESS AND HUMAN EPIGENETIC AGING BASED ON RESILIENCE CAPACITY. CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DELETERIOUS HEALTH OUTCOMES AND MORTALITY RISK. A POTENTIAL MECHANISM BY WHICH STRESS AFFECTS HEALTHSPAN AND LIFESPAN IS ACCELERATION OF CELLULAR AGING. BIOLOGIC AGE PREDICTION MODELS, TERMED EPIGENETIC CLOCKS, HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO ESTIMATE BIOLOGIC AGE DIFFERENCES AMONG PEOPLE WITH THE SAME CHRONOLOGIC AGE. THIS STUDY EVALUATES THE SIMULTANEOUS IMPACT OF PERCEIVED CHRONIC STRESS AND RESILIENCE ON GRIM AGE ACCELERATION. THE PERCEIVED STRESS SCORE (PSS) AND CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE SCALE (CD-RISC) WERE USED TO MEASURE CHRONIC STRESS AND RESILIENCE, RESPECTIVELY. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM WHOLE BLOOD AND ANALYZED USING THE METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP. GRIMAGE ESTIMATES WERE CALCULATED USING THE METHYLATION AGE CALCULATOR. FORTY-SEVEN BUSINESS EXECUTIVES WERE CATEGORIZED BY LEVELS OF HIGH OR LOW STRESS AND RESILIENCE SCORES. COMPARED TO PARTICIPANTS WITH LOW STRESS AND HIGH RESILIENCE, THOSE WITH LOW STRESS AND LOW RESILIENCE DEMONSTRATED THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATION WITH GRIM AGE ACCELERATION (P = 0.044), AFTER CONTROLLING FOR AGE AND ESTIMATED CELLULAR PROPORTIONS. INTERESTINGLY, AMONG PARTICIPANTS WITH LOW RESILIENCE, THOSE WITH HIGH PERCEIVED STRESS HAD A WEAKER ASSOCIATION WITH GRIM AGE ACCELERATION THAN PARTICIPANTS WITH LOW PERCEIVED STRESS. HOWEVER, AMONG PARTICIPANTS WITH HIGH RESILIENCE, LOW PERCEIVED STRESS HAD A WEAKER ASSOCIATION WITH GRIM AGE ACCELERATION THAN HIGH PERCEIVED STRESS. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED STRESS ON EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION MAY DIFFER BASED ON RESILIENCE CAPACITY, WITH A POTENTIAL PARADOXICAL BENEFICIAL EFFECT AMONG THOSE WITH LOW RESILIENCE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17 2047  29 EPIGENETIC CLOCKS MAY COME OUT OF RHYTHM-IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN FORENSIC CASEWORK. THERE IS A GROWING PERCEPTION THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY BE INFLUENCED BY EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS PARAMETERS. KNOWLEDGE OF THESE FACTORS IS OF GREAT RELEVANCE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF DNA-METHYLATION DATA FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN FORENSIC CASEWORK. WE PERFORMED A LITERATURE REVIEW TO IDENTIFY PARAMETERS, WHICH MIGHT BE OF RELEVANCE FOR THE PREDICTION OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE BASED ON DNA METHYLATION. THE QUALITY OF AGE PREDICTIONS MIGHT PARTICULARLY BE INFLUENCED BY LIFETIME ADVERSITIES (CHRONIC STRESS, TRAUMA/POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD), VIOLENCE, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS/EDUCATION), CANCER, OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES (ESPECIALLY HIV AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) INFECTIONS), SEX, ETHNICITY AND EXPOSURE TO TOXINS (ALCOHOL, SMOKING, AIR POLLUTION, PESTICIDES). SUCH FACTORS MAY ALTER THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN AND MAY EXPLAIN THE PARTLY HIGH DEVIATIONS BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE AND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE IN SINGLE CASES (DESPITE OF LOW MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATIONS) THAT CAN ALSO BE OBSERVED WITH "EPIGENETIC CLOCKS" COMPRISING A HIGH NUMBER OF CPG SITES. SO FAR, ONLY FEW PUBLICATIONS DEALING WITH FORENSIC AGE ESTIMATION ADDRESS THESE CONFOUNDING FACTORS. FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD FOCUS ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF FURTHER RELEVANT CONFOUNDING FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS THAT ARE "ROBUST" AGAINST THE INFLUENCE OF SUCH BIOLOGICAL FACTORS BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS UNDER TARGETED INCLUSION OF DIVERSE AND DEFINED COHORTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18 6195  29 THE IMPACT OF RECENT ALCOHOL USE ON GENOME WIDE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES. CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES INCLUDING DEPRESSION, DIABETES, AND HEART DISEASE. UNFORTUNATELY, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THESE EFFECTS ARE CONVEYED ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. TO EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THIS PROCESS, WE EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP OF RECENT ALCOHOL INTAKE TO GENOME WIDE METHYLATION PATTERNS USING THE ILLUMINA 450 METHYLATION BEAD CHIP AND LYMPHOBLAST DNA DERIVED FROM 165 FEMALE SUBJECTS PARTICIPATING IN THE IOWA ADOPTION STUDIES. WE FOUND THAT THE PATTERN OF ALCOHOL USE OVER THE 6-MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO PHLEBOTOMY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH, SEVERITY-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF GENOME WIDE METHYLATION THAT PREFERENTIALLY HYPERMETHYLATE THE CENTRAL PORTION OF CPG ISLANDS WITH METHYLATION AT CG05600126, A PROBE IN ABR, AND THE 5' UNTRANSLATED REGION OF BLCAP ATTAINING GENOME WIDE SIGNIFICANCE IN TWO POINT AND SLIDING WINDOW ANALYSES OF PROBE METHYLATION DATA, RESPECTIVELY. WE CONCLUDE THAT RECENT ALCOHOL USE IS ASSOCIATED WITH WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN WOMEN AND THAT FURTHER STUDY TO CONFIRM THESE FINDINGS AND DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SOMATIC FUNCTION ARE IN ORDER.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 2815  38 FIBROMYALGIA: GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS INSIGHTS MAY PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS. FIBROMYALGIA IS A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN WITH ADDITIONAL SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS JOINT STIFFNESS, FATIGUE, SLEEP DISTURBANCE, COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION, AND DEPRESSION. CURRENTLY, FIBROMYALGIA DIAGNOSIS IS BASED EXCLUSIVELY ON A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT, ACCORDING TO 2016 ACR CRITERIA, BUT VALIDATED BIOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROMYALGIA HAVE NOT YET BEEN IDENTIFIED. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES INVESTIGATED GENES POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN FIBROMYALGIA PATHOGENESIS HIGHLIGHTING THAT GENETIC FACTORS ARE POSSIBLY RESPONSIBLE FOR UP TO 50% OF THE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. POTENTIAL CANDIDATE GENES FOUND ASSOCIATED TO FIBROMYALGIA ARE SLC64A4, TRPV2, MYT1L, AND NRXN3. FURTHERMORE, A GENE-ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS TRIGGERING MECHANISM, THROUGH EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS: IN PARTICULAR, FIBROMYALGIA APPEARS TO BE CHARACTERIZED BY A HYPOMETHYLATED DNA PATTERN, IN GENES IMPLICATED IN STRESS RESPONSE, DNA REPAIR, AUTONOMIC SYSTEM RESPONSE, AND SUBCORTICAL NEURONAL ABNORMALITIES. DIFFERENCES IN THE GENOME-WIDE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF MICRORNAS WERE FOUND AMONG MULTIPLE TISSUES, INDICATING THE INVOLVEMENT OF DISTINCT PROCESSES IN FIBROMYALGIA PATHOGENESIS. FURTHER STUDIES SHOULD BE DEDICATED TO STRENGTH THESE PRELIMINARY FINDINGS, IN LARGER MULTICENTER COHORTS, TO IDENTIFY RELIABLE DIRECTIONS FOR BIOMARKER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
20 3290  37 HIGH CORTISOL IN 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN CAUSES LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION IN SINE RETROTRANSPOSONS: A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR ZNF263 IN STRESS-RELATED DISEASES. BACKGROUND: CHILDHOOD STRESS LEADS TO INCREASED RISK OF MANY ADULT DISEASES, SUCH AS MAJOR DEPRESSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. STUDIES SHOW THAT ADULTS WITH EXPERIENCED CHILDHOOD STRESS HAVE SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES, BUT TO UNDERSTAND THE PATHWAYS THAT LEAD TO DISEASE, WE ALSO NEED TO STUDY THE EPIGENETIC LINK PROSPECTIVELY IN CHILDREN. RESULTS: HERE, WE STUDIED A HOMOGENOUS GROUP OF 48 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN. BY COMBINING HAIR CORTISOL MEASUREMENTS (A WELL-DOCUMENTED BIOMARKER FOR CHRONIC STRESS), WITH WHOLE-GENOME DNA-METHYLATION SEQUENCING, WE SHOW THAT HIGH CORTISOL ASSOCIATES WITH A GENOME-WIDE DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION AND TARGETS SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENTS (SINES; A TYPE OF RETROTRANSPOSON) AND GENES IMPORTANT FOR CALCIUM TRANSPORT: PHENOMENA COMMONLY AFFECTED IN STRESS-RELATED DISEASES AND IN BIOLOGICAL AGING. MORE IMPORTANTLY, WE IDENTIFY A ZINC-FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, ZNF263, WHOSE BINDING SITES WHERE HIGHLY OVERREPRESENTED IN REGIONS EXPERIENCING METHYLATION LOSS. THIS TYPE OF ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN HAS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN THE DEFENSE AGAINST RETROTRANSPOSONS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT STRESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN LEADS TO CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN BIOLOGICAL AGING. WE SUGGEST THAT THIS MAY AFFECT FUTURE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY BY ALTERATIONS IN THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT KEEP RETROTRANSPOSONS DORMANT. FUTURE TREATMENTS FOR STRESS- AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES MAY THEREFORE SEEK TO TARGET ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS THAT EPIGENETICALLY CONTROL RETROTRANSPOSON REACTIVATION, SUCH AS ZNF263.	2015