1 2957 131 GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC IMPACT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ON COLON MUCOSA CELLS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INCREASES CANCER RISK, AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT IS CHARACTERIZED BY STEPWISE ACCUMULATION OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. DURING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND INTRINSIC MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES CAN INDUCE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THIS STUDY TRIED TO EVALUATE BOTH THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ON COLON MUCOSA CELLS. REPETITIVE DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS) TREATMENT INDUCED CHRONIC COLITIS MODEL. WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING (WES) (200X COVERAGE) WAS PERFORMED TO DETECT SOMATIC VARIATIONS IN COLON MUCOSA CELLS. WITH THE USE OF WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING (BS) AT 34-FOLD COVERAGE (17-FOLD PER STRAND), THE METHYLOME OF BOTH THE COLITIS AND CONTROL TISSUE WAS COMPARATIVELY ANALYZED. BIOINFORMATICS ASSAY SHOWED THAT THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM/INSERTION OR DELETION (SNP/INDEL) MUTATION ACCUMULATION IN COLITIS TISSUE, WHILE IT ACCUMULATED IN AGED MICE. FORTY-EIGHT GENES WITH SNP/INDEL MUTATION WERE OVERLAPPED IN THE THREE COLITIS TISSUES, TWO (WNT3A AND LAMA2) OF WHICH ARE IN THE CANCER DEVELOPMENT-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAY. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION (DMR) ASSAY SHOWED THAT MANY GENES IN THE COLITIS TISSUE ARE ENRICHED IN THE CANCER DEVELOPMENT-RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAY, SUCH AS PI3K-AKT, RAS, WNT, TGF-BETA, AND MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY. TOGETHER, THESE DATA SUGGESTED THAT EVEN THOUGH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION DID NOT OBVIOUSLY INCREASE GENETIC MUTATION ACCUMULATION, IT COULD BOTH GENETICALLY AND EPIGENETICALLY ALTER SOME GENES RELATED TO CANCER DEVELOPMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
2 1545  38 DNA METHYLATION IN LIVER TUMORIGENESIS IN FISH FROM THE ENVIRONMENT. THE LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, ALTERATION IN DNA METHYLATION AND CANCER HAS BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED IN HUMANS; YET, IT IS UNDER-STUDIED IN UNSEQUENCED NON-MODEL ORGANISMS. THE OCCURRENCE OF LIVER TUMORS IN THE FLATFISH DAB COLLECTED AT CERTAIN UK SAMPLING SITES EXCEEDS 20%, YET THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS AND THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TUMOR FORMATION ARE NOT KNOWN, ESPECIALLY REGARDING THE BALANCE BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC FACTORS. METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (MEDIP) COMBINED WITH DE NOVO HIGH-THROUGHPUT DNA SEQUENCING WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN DAB HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA TUMORS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN AN UNSEQUENCED SPECIES. NOVEL CUSTOM-MADE DAB GENE EXPRESSION ARRAYS WERE DESIGNED AND USED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN ADDITION, THE CONFIRMATORY TECHNIQUES OF BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR (BSP) AND RT-PCR WERE APPLIED. GENES INVOLVED IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CANCER, INCLUDING APOPTOSIS, WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING AND GENOMIC AND NON-GENOMIC ESTROGEN RESPONSES, WERE ALTERED BOTH IN METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTION. GLOBAL METHYLATION WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY 1.8-FOLD REDUCED IN HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA AND NON-CANCEROUS SURROUNDING TISSUES COMPARED WITH LIVER FROM NON-CANCER BEARING DAB. BASED ON THE IDENTIFIED CHANGES AND CHEMICAL EXPOSURE DATA, OUR STUDY SUPPORTS THE EPIGENETIC MODEL OF CANCER. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A MIXTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS CONTRIBUTES TO A GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION FOLLOWED BY FURTHER EPIGENETIC AND GENOMIC CHANGES. THE FINDINGS SUGGEST A LINK BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, EPIGENETICS AND CANCER IN FISH TUMORS IN THE WILD AND SHOW THE UTILITY OF THIS METHODOLOGY FOR STUDIES IN NON-MODEL ORGANISMS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3 2637  36 EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY IDENTIFIES EPIGENETIC OUTLIERS IN NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER. NONGENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO COLORECTAL CANCER CONTINUES TO BE DIFFICULT TO MEASURE PRECISELY, HAMPERING EFFORTS IN TARGETED PREVENTION AND SCREENING. EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER CAN SERVE AS A TOOL IN PREDICTING COLORECTAL CANCER OUTCOMES. WE IDENTIFIED EPIGENETIC CHANGES AFFECTING THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER. DNA METHYLATION PROFILING ON NORMAL COLON MUCOSA FROM 77 PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER AND 68 CONTROLS IDENTIFIED A DISTINCT SUBGROUP OF NORMALLY-APPEARING MUCOSA WITH MARKEDLY DISRUPTED DNA METHYLATION AT A LARGE NUMBER OF CPGS, TERMED AS "OUTLIER METHYLATION PHENOTYPE" (OMP) AND ARE PRESENT IN 15 OF 77 PATIENTS WITH CANCER VERSUS 0 OF 68 CONTROLS (P < 0.001). SIMILAR FINDINGS WERE ALSO SEEN IN PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATASETS. COMPARISON OF NORMAL COLON MUCOSA TRANSCRIPTION PROFILES OF PATIENTS WITH OMP CANCER WITH THOSE OF PATIENTS WITH NON-OMP CANCER INDICATES GENES WHOSE PROMOTERS ARE HYPERMETHYLATED IN THE OMP PATIENTS ARE ALSO TRANSCRIPTIONALLY DOWNREGULATED, AND THAT MANY OF THE GENES MOST AFFECTED ARE INVOLVED IN INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS, THE MUCUS LAYER, AND THE MICROBIOME. ANALYSIS OF 16S RRNA PROFILES SUGGESTS THAT NORMAL COLON MUCOSA OF OMPS ARE ENRICHED IN BACTERIAL GENERA ASSOCIATED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER RISK, ADVANCED TUMOR STAGE, CHRONIC INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION, MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS, AND KRAS MUTATIONS. IN CONCLUSION, OUR STUDY IDENTIFIES AN EPIGENETICALLY DISTINCT OMP GROUP IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DISRUPTED METHYLOME, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION, AND MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS. PROSPECTIVE STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO DETERMINE WHETHER OMP COULD SERVE AS A BIOMARKER FOR AN ELEVATED EPIGENETIC RISK FOR COLORECTAL CANCER DEVELOPMENT. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIES AN EPIGENETICALLY DISTINCT OMP GROUP IN THE NORMAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DISRUPTED METHYLOME, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION, AND MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS. IDENTIFICATION OF OMPS IN HEALTHY CONTROLS AND PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER WILL LEAD TO PREVENTION AND BETTER PROGNOSIS, RESPECTIVELY.	2022	

4 3658  45 INDUCTION OF ABERRANT TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 BY INFLAMMATION IN MOUSE COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS. A FIELD FOR CANCERIZATION (FIELD DEFECT), WHERE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE ACCUMULATED IN NORMAL-APPEARING TISSUES, IS INVOLVED IN HUMAN CARCINOGENESIS, ESPECIALLY CANCERS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. ALTHOUGH ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS INVOLVED IN THE FIELD DEFECT AND INDUCED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IT IS STILL UNCLEAR FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27ME3), WHICH IS INVOLVED IN GENE REPRESSION INDEPENDENT OF DNA METHYLATION AND FUNCTIONS AS A PRE-MARK FOR ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. IN THIS STUDY, USING A MOUSE COLITIS MODEL INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS), WE AIMED TO CLARIFY WHETHER ABERRANT H3K27ME3 IS INDUCED BY INFLAMMATION AND INVOLVED IN A FIELD DEFECT. CHIP-ON-CHIP ANALYSIS OF COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS REVEALED THAT H3K27ME3 LEVELS WERE INCREASED OR DECREASED FOR 266 GENOMIC REGIONS BY AGING, AND MORE EXTENSIVELY (23 INCREASED AND 3574 DECREASED REGIONS) BY COLITIS. SUCH INCREASE OR DECREASE OF H3K27ME3 WAS INDUCED AS EARLY AS 2 WEEKS AFTER THE INITIATION OF DSS TREATMENT, AND PERSISTED AT LEAST FOR 16 WEEKS EVEN AFTER THE INFLAMMATION DISAPPEARED. SOME OF THE ABERRANT H3K27ME3 IN COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS WAS CARRIED OVER INTO COLON TUMORS. FURTHERMORE, H3K27ME3 ACQUIRED AT DAPK1 BY COLITIS WAS FOLLOWED BY INCREASED DNA METHYLATION, SUPPORTING ITS FUNCTION AS A PRE-MARK FOR ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT ABERRANT H3K27ME3 CAN BE INDUCED BY EXPOSURE TO A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT, SUCH AS COLITIS, AND SUGGESTED THAT ABERRANT HISTONE MODIFICATION, IN ADDITION TO ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION, IS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF A FIELD DEFECT.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5   51  31 A DISTINCT EPIGENETIC PROFILE DISTINGUISHES STENOTIC FROM NON-INFLAMED FIBROBLASTS IN THE ILEAL MUCOSA OF CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: THE CHRONIC REMITTING AND RELAPSING INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION CHARACTERISTIC OF CROHN'S DISEASE FREQUENTLY LEADS TO FIBROSIS AND SUBSEQUENT STENOSIS OF THE INFLAMED REGION. APPROXIMATELY A THIRD OF ALL CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS REQUIRE RESECTION AT SOME STAGE IN THEIR DISEASE COURSE. AS THE PATHOGENESIS OF CROHN'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED FIBROSIS IS LARGELY UNKNOWN, A STRONG NECESSITY EXISTS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THEREOF. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED CHANGES OF THE DNA METHYLOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME OF ILEUM-DERIVED FIBROBLASTS ASSOCIATED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF CROHN'S DISEASE ASSOCIATED FIBROSIS. EIGHTEEN SAMPLES WERE INCLUDED IN A DNA METHYLATION ARRAY AND TWENTY-ONE SAMPLES WERE USED FOR RNA SEQUENCING. RESULTS: MOST DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE OBSERVED WHEN COMPARING STENOTIC WITH NON-INFLAMED SAMPLES. BY CONTRAST, FEW DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED WHEN COMPARING CROHN'S DISEASE WITH NON-CROHN'S DISEASE, OR INFLAMED WITH NON-INFLAMED TISSUE. INTEGRATIVE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSES REVEALED DYSREGULATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED TO THE PRKACA AND E2F1 NETWORK, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, ANGIOGENESIS, EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, AND BILE METABOLISM. CONCLUSION: OUR RESEARCH PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT THE METHYLOME AND THE TRANSCRIPTOME ARE SYSTEMATICALLY DYSREGULATED IN STENOSIS-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6 1567  38 DNA METHYLATION OF THE KLF14 GENE REGION IN WHOLE BLOOD CELLS PROVIDES PREDICTION FOR THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 14 (KLF14) GENE, WHICH APPEARS TO BE A MASTER REGULATOR OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY LARGE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. IN ORDER TO FIND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON AGEING AND OBESITY, WHICH ARE T2D RISK FACTORS, AND EXAMINES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGES. WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE KLF14 PROMOTER REGION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE FOR COMPARING AGING AND WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE SITES WERE INCREASED WITH AGING AND WEIGHT IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE KIDNEY, THE LUNG, THE COLON AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. IN ADDITION, IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD, THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY LEVELS. MOREOVER, NOT ONLY KLF14, BUT ALSO EXPRESSION LEVELS OF SOME DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE DECREASED WITH METHYLATION IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION CHANGES OF KLF14 IN THOSE TISSUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION ON THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF OBESITY AND T2D. IN ADDITION, THE METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS MAY SERVE AS A PREDICTIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
7 1584  26 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF SELECTED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. BY MEANS OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS ANALYSIS, WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED THE MRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VARIOUS GENES INVOLVED IN THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRAINS OF SUBJECTS WITH LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (LOAD). SOME OF THESE GENES, NAMELY INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6, SHOWED DISTINCT EXPRESSION PROFILES WITH PEAK EXPRESSION DURING THE FIRST STAGES OF THE DISEASE AND CONTROL-LIKE LEVELS AT LATER STAGES. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 GENES ARE MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; IT IS ALSO WELL KNOWN THAT LOAD MAY HAVE AN EPIGENETIC BASIS. INDEED, WE AND OTHERS HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN LOAD AND IN RELATED ANIMAL MODELS. BASED ON THESE DATA, WE STUDIED THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, AT SINGLE CYTOSINE RESOLUTION, OF IL-1BETA AND IL-6 5'-FLANKING REGION BY BISULPHITE MODIFICATION IN THE CORTEX OF HEALTHY CONTROLS AND LOAD PATIENTS AT 2 DIFFERENT DISEASE STAGES: BRAAK I-II/A AND BRAAK V-VI/C. OUR ANALYSIS PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT NEUROINFLAMMATION IN LOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH (AND POSSIBLY MEDIATED BY) EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8 2653  32 EPIGENOTYPING IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA AND BREAST CANCER RISK: A PROOF OF PRINCIPLE STUDY. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS. TWO ALTERATIONS IN THE PATTERN OF DNA METHYLATION IN BREAST CANCER (BC) HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED; ACTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ER-ALPHA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED METHYLATION OF ER-ALPHA TARGET (ERT) GENES, AND POLYCOMB GROUP TARGET (PCGT) GENES ARE MORE LIKELY THAN OTHER GENES TO HAVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN CANCER. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL UNRELATED CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BC RISK AND WHETHER THESE IMPRINTS CAN BE RELATED TO FACTORS WHICH CAN BE MODIFIED BY THE ENVIRONMENT, IS UNCLEAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: USING QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (N = 1,083) WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA PROVIDES GOOD PREDICTION OF BC RISK. WE ALSO REPORT THAT INVASIVE DUCTAL AND INVASIVE LOBULAR BC IS CHARACTERIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT SETS OF GENES, THE LATTER PARTICULAR BY GENES INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MESENCHYME (PITX2, TITF1, GDNF AND MYOD1). FINALLY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ONLY ERT GENES PREDICT ER POSITIVE BC; LACK OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION OF ZNF217 PREDICTED BC INDEPENDENT OF AGE AND FAMILY HISTORY (ODDS RATIO 1.49; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1.12-1.97; P = 0.006) AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ER-ALPHA BIOACTIVITY IN THE CORRESPONDING SERUM. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: THIS FIRST LARGE-SCALE EPIGENOTYPING STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A LINK BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE GENOME. FACTORS THAT CAN BE MODULATED BY THE ENVIRONMENT (LIKE ESTROGENS) LEAVE AN IMPRINT IN THE DNA OF CELLS THAT ARE UNRELATED TO THE TARGET ORGAN AND INDICATE THE PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOP A CANCER. FURTHER RESEARCH WILL NEED TO DEMONSTRATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WILL BE ABLE TO SERVE AS A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES WITH SUFFICIENT ACCURACY TO GUIDE PREVENTIVE MEASURES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
9 2025  28 EPIGENETIC CHANGES DURING DISEASE PROGRESSION IN A MURINE MODEL OF HUMAN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, INCLUDING GAIN OR LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION, ARE A HALLMARK OF NEARLY EVERY MALIGNANCY. CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION CAN IMPACT EXPRESSION OF CANCER-RELATED GENES INCLUDING APOPTOSIS REGULATORS AND TUMOR SUPPRESSORS. BECAUSE SUCH EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE REVERSIBLE, THEY ARE BEING AGGRESSIVELY INVESTIGATED AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. HERE WE USE THE EMU-TCL1 TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) TO DETERMINE THE TIMING AND PATTERNS OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION, AND TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. WE SHOW THAT CLL CELLS FROM EMU-TCL1 MICE AT VARIOUS STAGES RECAPITULATE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS SEEN IN HUMAN CLL. ABERRANT METHYLATION OF PROMOTER SEQUENCES IS OBSERVED AS EARLY AS 3 MONTHS OF AGE IN THESE ANIMALS, WELL BEFORE DISEASE ONSET. ABNORMALLY METHYLATED PROMOTER REGIONS INCLUDE BINDING SITES FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXD3. WE SHOW THAT LOSS OF FOXD3 EXPRESSION DUE TO AN NF-KAPPAB P50/P50:HDAC1 REPRESSOR COMPLEX OCCURS IN TCL1-POSITIVE B CELLS BEFORE METHYLATION. THEREFORE, SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION IS AN EARLY EVENT LEADING TO EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF TARGET GENES IN MURINE AND HUMAN CLL. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE STRONG RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES TO TARGET NF-KAPPAB COMPONENTS IN CLL AND POTENTIALLY OTHER B-CELL MALIGNANCIES.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10 1099  27 COLONIC CARCINOGENESIS IN IBD: MOLECULAR EVENTS. PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC) AND CROHN'S DISEASE (CD) ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF DEVELOPING INTESTINAL CANCERS VIA MECHANISMS THAT REMAIN INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. SEVERAL EVIDENCES SUGGEST A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. IN FACT, PATIENTS WITH UC ARE EXPOSED TO REPEATED EPISODES OF INFLAMMATION THAT PREDISPOSE TO VARIOUS TUMORIGENIC EVENTS AND THE SEQUENCE OF THESE EVENTS ARE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE THAT CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOP A SPORADIC COLORECTAL CANCER. IN UC CARCINOGENESIS THE EARLY EVENTS ARE REPRESENTED BY DNA METHYLATION THAT PRODUCE AN INHIBITION OF ONCO-SUPPRESSOR GENES, MUTATION OF P53, ANEUPLOIDY AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY. HYPERMETHYLATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSORS AND DNA MISMATCH REPAIR GENE PROMOTER REGIONS, IS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF GENE SILENCING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO TUMORIGENESIS AND MIGHT REPRESENT THE FIRST STEP IN INFLAMMATORY CARCINOGENESIS. P53 IS FREQUENTLY MUTATED IN THE EARLY STAGES OF UC-ASSOCIATED CANCER, IN 33-67% OF PATIENTS WITH DYSPLASIA AND IN 83-95% OF UC RELATED CANCER PATIENTS. MOREOVER, ANEUPLOIDY IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR FORTHCOMING CARCINOGENESIS IN UC FINALLY, THE INCONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE HIGH CUMULATIVE RATE OF DYSPLASIA IN UC AND THE RELATIVELY LOWER INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE CANCER RAISES THE QUESTION ABOUT THE MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE THAT MAY PREVENT MALIGNANT PROGRESSION OF NEOPLASM IN THE COLON IN MOST CASES. CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULE CD80 UP-REGULATION IN COLONIC MUCOSA IN UC DYSPLASIA MAY BE ONE OF THESE MECHANISM.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11 3525  25 IL-1BETA, IL-8, AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES-1, -2, AND -10 ARE ENRICHED UPON MONOCYTE-BREAST CANCER CELL COCULTIVATION IN A MATRIGEL-BASED THREE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM. BREAST CANCER REMAINS THE FIRST CANCER-RELATED CAUSE OF DEATH IN WOMEN WORLDWIDE, PARTICULARLY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN WHICH MOST CASES ARE DIAGNOSED IN LATE STAGES. ALTHOUGH MOST CANCER STUDIES ARE BASED IN THE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF THE TUMOR CELLS, IMMUNE CELLS WITHIN THE TUMOR STROMA OFTEN COOPERATE WITH CANCER PROGRESSION. PARTICULARLY, MONOCYTES ARE ATTRACTED TO THE TUMOR PRIMARY SITE IN WHICH THEY ARE DIFFERENTIATED INTO TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES THAT FACILITATE TUMOR CELL INVASION AND METASTASIS. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED THREE-DIMENSIONAL CULTURES TO FORM ACINI-LIKE STRUCTURES TO ANALYZE THE INFLAMMATORY SECRETION PROFILE OF TUMOR CELLS INDIVIDUALLY OR IN CO-CULTURE WITH MONOCYTES. BREAST CANCER CELL LINES AND PRIMARY ISOLATES FROM EIGHT MEXICAN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER WERE USED. WE FOUND HIGH LEVELS OF RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2, AND G-CSF IN THE BREAST CANCER INDIVIDUAL CULTURES, SUPPORTING AN IMPORTANT RECRUITMENT CAPACITY OF MONOCYTES, BUT ALSO OF NEUTROPHILS. THE CO-CULTURES OF THE TUMOR CELLS AND MONOCYTES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED WITH THE POTENT PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-8, KNOWN TO SUPPORT MALIGNANT PROGRESSION. WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE INTERACTION OF TUMOR CELLS WITH MONOCYTES PROMOTED HIGH LEVELS OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMP)-1, MMP-2, AND MMP-10. OUR STUDY SUPPORTS THAT A KEY EVENT FOR MALIGNANT PROGRESSION IS THE RECRUITMENT OF DIFFERENT IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS, WHICH HELP TO SUSTAIN AND ENHANCE A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT THAT HIGHLY FAVORS TUMOR MALIGNANCY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12 5785  25 SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OF WB-F344 RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CULTURED RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS TRANSFORM SPONTANEOUSLY AFTER CHRONIC MAINTENANCE IN A CONFLUENT STATE IN VITRO. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT LINEAGES OF LOW-PASSAGE WB-F344 RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL STEM-LIKE CELLS WERE INITIATED AND SUBJECTED IN PARALLEL TO SELECTION FOR SPONTANEOUS TRANSFORMATION TO DETERMINE WHETHER SPONTANEOUS ACQUISITION OF TUMORIGENICITY WAS THE RESULT OF EVENTS (GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC) THAT OCCURRED INDEPENDENTLY AND STOCHASTICALLY, OR REFLECTED THE EXPRESSION OF A PRE-EXISTING ALTERATION WITHIN THE PARENTAL WB-F344 CELL LINE. TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPONTANEOUS ACQUISITION OF TUMORIGENICITY BY WB-F344 CELLS DEMONSTRATED LINEAGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN THE TIME OF FIRST EXPRESSION OF THE TUMORIGENIC PHENOTYPE, FREQUENCIES AND LATENCIES OF TUMOR FORMATION, AND TUMOR DIFFERENTIATIONS. ALTHOUGH SPONTANEOUSLY TRANSFORMED WB-F344 CELLS PRODUCED DIVERSE TUMOR TYPES (INCLUDING HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS, CHOLANGIOCARCINOMAS, HEPATOBLASTOMAS, AND OSTEOGENIC SARCOMAS), INDIVIDUAL LINEAGES YIELDED TUMORS WITH CONSISTENT AND SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF DIFFERENTIATION. THESE RESULTS PROVIDE SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE THAT THE STOCHASTIC ACCUMULATION OF INDEPENDENT TRANSFORMING EVENTS DURING THE SELECTION REGIMEN IN VITRO WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OF WB-F344 CELLS. FURTHERMORE, CELL LINEAGE COMMITMENT TO A SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAM WAS STABLE WITH TIME IN CULTURE AND WITH SITE OF TRANSPLANTATION. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF A COHORT OF RELATED, BUT INDEPENDENT, RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL CELL LINES THAT COLLECTIVELY PRODUCE A SPECTRUM OF TUMOR TYPES BUT INDIVIDUALLY REPRODUCE A SPECIFIC TUMOR TYPE. THESE CELL LINES WILL PROVIDE VALUABLE REAGENTS FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF HEPATIC STEM-LIKE CELLS AND FOR EXAMINATION OF POTENTIAL CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN SPONTANEOUSLY TRANSFORMED RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL CELL LINES BETWEEN MOLECULAR/CELLULAR ALTERATIONS AND THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE TUMORS IN SYNGENEIC ANIMALS.	1998	
                                                                                                                                                                         
13 1587  33 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IDENTIFIES NOVEL MARKERS OF PROGRESSION IN HEPATITIS B-RELATED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY HEPATIC IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE WITH CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE RATES OF PROGRESSION TO CIRRHOSIS. GENETIC VARIANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CUES INFLUENCE PREDISPOSITION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; HOWEVER, IT REMAINS UNKNOWN IF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B. RESULTS: TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC MARKS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY AND FIBROTIC PROCESSES OF THE HEPATITIS B-INDUCED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE, WE CARRIED OUT HEPATIC GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION PROFILING USING ILLUMINA INFINIUM BEADARRAYS COMPARING MILD AND SEVERE FIBROTIC DISEASE IN A DISCOVERY COHORT OF 29 PATIENTS. WE OBTAINED 310 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS AND SELECTED FOUR LOCI COMPRISING THREE GENES FROM THE TOP DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS: HYPERMETHYLATION OF HOXA2 AND HDAC4 ALONG WITH HYPOMETHYLATION OF PPP1R18 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO SEVERE FIBROSIS. WE REPLICATED THE PROMINENT METHYLATION MARKS IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 102 PATIENTS BY BISULFITE MODIFICATION AND PYROSEQUENCING. THE TIMING AND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WITH DISEASE SEVERITY WAS FURTHER INVESTIGATED USING A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH SERIAL BIOPSIES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST A LINKAGE OF WIDESPREAD EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION. CPG METHYLATION AT NOVEL GENES SHEDS LIGHT ON NEW MOLECULAR PATHWAYS, WHICH CAN BE POTENTIALLY EXPLOITED AS A BIOMARKER OR TARGETED TO ATTENUATE INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14 3693  36 INFLAMMATORY CELLS CAN ALTER THE LEVELS OF H3K9AC AND GAMMAH2AX IN DYSPLASTIC CELLS AND FAVOR TUMOR PHENOTYPE. ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS (OPMD) ARE CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS THAT CARRY AN INCREASED RISK OF CANCER DEVELOPMENT. CURRENTLY, EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA GRADE IS BASED ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CYTOLOGICAL EPITHELIAL CHANGES AND IS USED TO PREDICT THE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF THESE LESIONS. HOWEVER, PREDICTING WHICH OPMD WILL PROGRESS TO A MALIGNANT TUMOR IS VERY CHALLENGING. INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATES CAN FAVOR CANCER DEVELOPMENT, AND RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT THIS ASSOCIATION WITH OPMD LESIONS MAY BE RELATED TO THE ETIOLOGY AND/OR AGGRESSIVE CLINICAL BEHAVIOR OF THESE LESIONS. EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MAY MEDIATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND ALSO FAVOR TUMOR CELLS IN IMMUNE RESISTANCE AND EVASION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTONE ACETYLATION (H3K9AC) AND DNA DAMAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF DYSPLASTIC LESIONS WITH PROMINENT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF "LOW-RISK" AND "HIGH-RISK" OPMD LESIONS (N = 24) AND INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA (N = 10) AS THE CONTROL GROUP WAS PERFORMED TO ASSESS HISTONE ACETYLATION LEVELS AND DNA DAMAGE THROUGH THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF H2AX (GAMMAH2AX). CELL CO-CULTURE ASSAYS WITH PBMCS AND ORAL KERATINOCYTE CELL LINES (NOK-SI, DOK, AND SCC-25) WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS PROLIFERATION, ADHESION, MIGRATION, AND EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT). ORAL DYSPLASTIC LESIONS SHOWED A HYPOACETYLATION OF H3K9 AND LOW LEVELS OF GAMMAH2AX COMPARED TO CONTROL. THE CONTACT OF DYSPLASTIC ORAL KERATINOCYTES WITH PBMCS FAVORED EMT AND THE LOSS OF CELL-CELL ADHESION. ON THE OTHER HAND, P27 LEVELS INCREASED AND CYCLIN E DECREASED IN DOK, INDICATING CELL CYCLE ARREST. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE PRESENCE OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED TO DYSPLASTIC LESIONS IS CAPABLE OF PROMOTING EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, WHICH IN TURN CAN FAVOR THE PROCESS OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
15 3824  30 INVESTIGATING THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF A PROTOTYPE SMOKE-DERIVED CARCINOGEN IN HUMAN CELLS. GLOBAL LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION AND LOCUS/GENE-SPECIFIC GAIN OF DNA METHYLATION ARE TWO DISTINCT HALLMARKS OF CARCINOGENESIS. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS IMPLICATED IN SMOKING-RELATED LUNG CANCER. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE COMPREHENSIVELY INVESTIGATED THE MODULATION OF DNA METHYLATION CONSEQUENT TO CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A PROTOTYPE SMOKE-DERIVED CARCINOGEN, BENZO[A]PYRENE DIOL EPOXIDE (B[A]PDE), IN GENOMIC REGIONS OF SIGNIFICANCE IN LUNG CANCER, IN NORMAL HUMAN CELLS. WE HAVE USED A PULLDOWN ASSAY FOR ENRICHMENT OF THE CPG METHYLATED FRACTION OF CELLULAR DNA COMBINED WITH MICROARRAY PLATFORMS, FOLLOWED BY EXTENSIVE VALIDATION THROUGH CONVENTIONAL BISULFITE-BASED ANALYSIS. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE STRIKINGLY SIMILAR PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION IN NON-TRANSFORMED B[A]PDE-TREATED CELLS VS CONTROL USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROARRAY-BASED DNA METHYLATION PROFILING CONFIRMED BY CONVENTIONAL BISULFITE-BASED DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS. THE ABSENCE OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN OUR MODEL SYSTEM WITHIN A TIMEFRAME THAT PRECEDES CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION SUGGESTS THAT FOLLOWING CARCINOGEN EXPOSURE, OTHER AS YET UNKNOWN FACTORS (SECONDARY TO CARCINOGEN TREATMENT) MAY HELP INITIATE GLOBAL LOSS OF DNA METHYLATION AND REGION-SPECIFIC GAIN OF DNA METHYLATION, WHICH CAN, IN TURN, CONTRIBUTE TO LUNG CANCER DEVELOPMENT. UNVEILING THE INITIATING EVENTS THAT CAUSE ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN LUNG CANCER HAS TREMENDOUS PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE, AS IT CAN HELP DEFINE FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF THIS HIGHLY LETHAL DISEASE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16   59  37 A GENOME-WIDE SCREEN IDENTIFIES FREQUENTLY METHYLATED GENES IN HAEMATOLOGICAL AND EPITHELIAL CANCERS. BACKGROUND: GENETIC AS WELL AS EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE A HALLMARK OF BOTH EPITHELIAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES. HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENS ARE REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC MARKERS THAT CAN BE USEFUL FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC PURPOSES ACROSS MALIGNANCIES. RESULTS: HERE WE REPORT FOR THE FIRST TIME THE USE OF THE MIRA ASSAY (METHYLATED CPG ISLAND RECOVERY ASSAY) IN COMBINATION WITH GENOME-WIDE CPG ISLAND ARRAYS TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) ON A GENOME-WIDE SCALE. WE IDENTIFIED 30 GENES DEMONSTRATING METHYLATION FREQUENCIES OF > OR =25% IN CHILDHOOD ALL, NINE GENES SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT METHYLATION FREQUENCIES IN B VS T-ALL. FOR MAJORITY OF THE GENES EXPRESSION COULD BE RESTORED IN METHYLATED LEUKEMIA LINES AFTER TREATMENT WITH 5-AZADC. FORTY-FOUR PERCENT OF THE GENES REPRESENT TARGETS OF THE POLYCOMB COMPLEX. IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) TWO OF THE GENES, (TFAP2A AND EBF2), DEMONSTRATED INCREASED METHYLATION IN BLAST CRISIS COMPARED TO CHRONIC PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE HYPERMETHYLATION OF AN AUTOPHAGY RELATED GENE ATG16L2 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH POORER PROGNOSIS IN TERMS OF MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO IMATINIB TREATMENT. LASTLY WE DEMONSTRATED THAT TEN OF THESE GENES WERE ALSO FREQUENTLY METHYLATED IN COMMON EPITHELIAL CANCERS. CONCLUSION: IN SUMMARY WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A LARGE NUMBER OF GENES SHOWING FREQUENT METHYLATION IN CHILDHOOD ALL, METHYLATION STATUS OF TWO OF THESE GENES IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED DISEASE IN CML AND METHYLATION STATUS OF ANOTHER GENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGNOSIS. IN ADDITION A SUBSET OF THESE GENES MAY ACT AS EPIGENETIC MARKERS ACROSS HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AS WELL AS COMMON EPITHELIAL CANCERS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
17  194  30 ACETYLSHIKONIN SUPPRESSES INVASION OF PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS?INFECTED YD10B ORAL CANCER CELLS BY MODULATING THE INTERLEUKIN-8/MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE AXIS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS POSSESSING ANTI?INVASIVE AND ANTI?METASTATIC ABILITIES, AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY, IS IMPORTANT IN DECREASING THE INCIDENCE AND RECURRENCE OF ORAL CANCER. CANCER CELLS ARE KNOWN TO ACQUIRE INVASIVENESS NOT ONLY THROUGH EPIGENETIC CHANGES, BUT ALSO FROM INFLAMMATORY STIMULI WITHIN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT. ACCORDINGLY, THE IDENTIFICATION OF AGENTS THAT CAN SUPPRESS THE INFLAMMATION?PROMOTED INVASIVENESS OF CANCER CELLS MAY BE IMPORTANT IN TREATING CANCER AND IMPROVING THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH CANCER. ACETYLSHIKONIN, A FLAVONOID WITH ANTI?INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, INHIBITS PROLIFERATION AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF ORAL CANCER CELLS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE ANTI?INVASIVE EFFECT OF ACETYLSHIKONIN ON YD10B ORAL CANCER CELLS INFECTED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, A MAJOR PATHOGEN OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS, AND THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED WERE INVESTIGATED. FIRSTLY, WE EXAMINED WHETHER P. GINGIVALIS INFECTION INCREASED THE INVASIVENESS OF YD10B CELLS. RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT YD10B ORAL CANCER CELLS BECOME MORE AGGRESSIVE WHEN THEY ARE INFECTED WITH P. GINGIVALIS. SECONDLY, ACETYLSHIKONIN SIGNIFICANTLY INHIBITED THE INVASION OF P. GINGIVALIS?INFECTED YD10B CELLS BY SUPPRESSING IL?8 RELEASE AND IL?8?DEPENDENT MMP RELEASE. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT ACETYLSHIKONIN MAY BE A USEFUL PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATE FOR ORAL CANCER THAT IS CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
18 2820  24 FINE-MAPPING INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE LOCI TO SINGLE-VARIANT RESOLUTION. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES ARE CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS THAT AFFECT MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED 200 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI, BUT FEW HAVE BEEN CONCLUSIVELY RESOLVED TO SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS. HERE WE REPORT FINE-MAPPING OF 94 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE LOCI USING HIGH-DENSITY GENOTYPING IN 67,852 INDIVIDUALS. WE PINPOINT 18 ASSOCIATIONS TO A SINGLE CAUSAL VARIANT WITH GREATER THAN 95% CERTAINTY, AND AN ADDITIONAL 27 ASSOCIATIONS TO A SINGLE VARIANT WITH GREATER THAN 50% CERTAINTY. THESE 45 VARIANTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR PROTEIN-CODING CHANGES (N = 13), DIRECT DISRUPTION OF TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR BINDING SITES (N = 3), AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MARKS (N = 10), WITH THE LAST CATEGORY SHOWING ENRICHMENT IN SPECIFIC IMMUNE CELLS AMONG ASSOCIATIONS STRONGER IN CROHN'S DISEASE AND IN GUT MUCOSA AMONG ASSOCIATIONS STRONGER IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THAT HIGH-RESOLUTION FINE-MAPPING IN LARGE SAMPLES CAN CONVERT MANY DISCOVERIES FROM GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES INTO STATISTICALLY CONVINCING CAUSAL VARIANTS, PROVIDING A POWERFUL SUBSTRATE FOR EXPERIMENTAL ELUCIDATION OF DISEASE MECHANISMS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
19 1594  29 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING REVEALS DIFFERENCES IN THE 3 HUMAN MONOCYTE SUBSETS AND IDENTIFIES UREMIA TO INDUCE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES DURING DIFFERENTIATION. HUMAN MONOCYTES ARE A HETEROGENEOUS CELL POPULATION CONSISTING OF 3 SUBSETS: CLASSICAL CD14++CD16-, INTERMEDIATE CD14++CD16+ AND NONCLASSICAL CD14+CD16++ MONOCYTES. VIA POORLY CHARACTERIZED MECHANISMS, INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTE COUNTS RISE IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, AMONG WHICH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS OF PARTICULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPORTANCE. DNA METHYLATION IS A CENTRAL EPIGENETIC FEATURE THAT CONTROLS HEMATOPOIESIS. BY APPLYING NEXT-GENERATION METHYL-SEQUENCING WE NOW TESTED HOW FAR THE 3 MONOCYTE SUBSETS DIFFER IN THEIR DNA METHYLOME AND WHETHER UREMIA INDUCES DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN DIFFERENTIATING MONOCYTES. WE FOUND THAT EACH MONOCYTE SUBSET DISPLAYS A UNIQUE PHENOTYPE WITH REGARDS TO DNA METHYLATION. GENES WITH DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROMOTER REGIONS IN INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES WERE LINKED TO DISTINCT IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCESSES, WHICH IS IN LINE WITH RESULTS FROM RECENT GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSES. IN VITRO, UREMIA INDUCED DYSREGULATION OF DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENTIATING MONOCYTES, WHICH AFFECTED SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORS IMPORTANT FOR MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION (E.G., FLT3, HDAC1, MNT) AND LED TO ENHANCED GENERATION OF INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES. AS POTENTIAL MEDIATOR, THE UREMIC TOXIN AND METHYLATION INHIBITOR S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE INDUCED SHIFTS IN MONOCYTE SUBSETS IN VITRO, AND ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCYTE SUBSET COUNTS IN VIVO. OUR DATA SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF MONOCYTE TRICHOTOMY AND THE DISTINCT ROLE OF INTERMEDIATE MONOCYTES IN HUMAN IMMUNITY. THE SHIFT IN MONOCYTE SUBSETS THAT OCCURS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, A PROINFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF SUBSTANTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPACT, MAY BE INDUCED BY ACCUMULATION OF UREMIC TOXINS THAT MEDIATE EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20 3473  28 IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL, METHYLATION-DEPENDENT, RUNX2 REGULATORY REGION ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS RISK. OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS A COMMON, MULTIFACTORIAL AND POLYGENIC SKELETAL DISEASE THAT, IN ITS SEVEREST FORM, REQUIRES JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY TO RESTORE MOBILITY AND TO RELIEVE CHRONIC PAIN. USING TISSUES FROM THE ARTICULATING JOINTS OF 260 PATIENTS WITH OA AND A RANGE OF IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS, INCLUDING CRISPR-CAS9, WE HAVE CHARACTERIZED AN INTERGENIC REGULATORY ELEMENT. HERE, GENOTYPE AT AN OA RISK LOCUS CORRELATES WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION, WITH ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION OF BOTH A TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR (RUNX2), AND A CHROMATIN REMODELLING PROTEIN (SUPT3H). RUNX2 IS A STRONG CANDIDATE FOR OA SUSCEPTIBILITY, WITH ITS ENCODED PROTEIN BEING ESSENTIAL FOR SKELETOGENESIS AND HEALTHY JOINT FUNCTION. THE OA RISK LOCUS INCLUDES SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) LOCATED WITHIN AND FLANKING THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGION (DMR). THE OA ASSOCIATION SNP, RS10948172, DEMONSTRATES PARTICULARLY STRONG CORRELATION WITH METHYLATION, AND TWO INTERGENIC SNPS FALLING WITHIN THE DMR (RS62435998 AND RS62435999) DEMONSTRATE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON THE REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF THIS REGION. WE THEREFORE POSIT THAT THE OA SIGNAL MEDIATES ITS EFFECT BY MODULATING THE METHYLATION OF THE REGULATORY ELEMENT, WHICH THEN IMPACTS ON GENE EXPRESSION, WITH RUNX2 BEING THE PRINCIPAL TARGET. OUR STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION, OA GENETIC RISK AND THE DOWNSTREAM REGULATION OF GENES CRITICAL TO NORMAL JOINT FUNCTION.	2018