1 2796 104 FBW7 MEDIATES SENESCENCE AND PULMONARY FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. TISSUE STEM CELLS UNDERGO PREMATURE SENESCENCE UNDER STRESS, PROMOTING AGE-RELATED DISEASES; HOWEVER, THE ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE, WE REPORT THAT IN RESPONSE TO RADIATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, OR BLEOMYCIN, THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE FBW7 MEDIATES CELL SENESCENCE AND TISSUE FIBROSIS THROUGH TELOMERE UNCAPPING. FBW7 BINDING TO TELOMERE PROTECTION PROTEIN 1 (TPP1) FACILITATES TPP1 MULTISITE POLYUBIQUITINATION AND ACCELERATES DEGRADATION, TRIGGERING TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE. OVEREXPRESSING TPP1 OR INHIBITING FBW7 BY GENETIC ABLATION, EPIGENETIC INTERFERENCE, OR PEPTIDOMIMETIC TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION INHIBITOR (TELODIN) REDUCES TELOMERE UNCAPPING AND SHORTENING, EXPANDING THE PULMONARY ALVEOLAR AEC2 STEM CELL POPULATION IN MICE. TELODIN, SYNTHESIZED FROM THE SEVENTH BETA STRAND BLADE OF FBW7 WD40 PROPELLER DOMAIN, INCREASES TPP1 STABILITY, LUNG RESPIRATORY FUNCTION, AND RESISTANCE TO SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS IN ANIMALS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. OUR FINDINGS ELUCIDATE A PIVOTAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING STRESS-INDUCED PULMONARY EPITHELIAL STEM CELL SENESCENCE AND FIBROSIS, PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK FOR AGING-RELATED DISORDER INTERVENTIONS. 2020 2 2649 14 EPIGENOMIC, GENOMIC, AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC LANDSCAPE OF SCHWANNOMATOSIS. SCHWANNOMATOSIS (SWNTS) IS A GENETIC CANCER PREDISPOSITION SYNDROME THAT MANIFESTS AS MULTIPLE AND OFTEN PAINFUL NEURONAL TUMORS CALLED SCHWANNOMAS (SWNS). WHILE GERMLINE MUTATIONS IN SMARCB1 OR LZTR1, PLUS SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN NF2 AND LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY IN CHROMOSOME 22Q HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN A SUBSET OF PATIENTS, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE EPIGENOMIC AND GENOMIC ALTERATIONS THAT DRIVE SWNTS-RELATED SWNS (SWNTS-SWNS) IN A MAJORITY OF THE CASES. WE PERFORMED MULTIPLATFORM GENOMIC ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHED THE MOLECULAR SIGNATURE OF SWNTS-SWNS. WE SHOW THAT SWNTS-SWNS HARBOR DISTINCT GENOMIC FEATURES RELATIVE TO THE HISTOLOGICALLY IDENTICAL NON-SYNDROMIC SPORADIC SWNS (NS-SWNS). WE DEMONSTRATE THE EXISTENCE OF FOUR DISTINCT DNA METHYLATION SUBGROUPS OF SWNTS-SWNS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAMS AND TUMOR LOCATION. WE SHOW SEVERAL NOVEL RECURRENT NON-22Q DELETIONS AND STRUCTURAL REARRANGEMENTS. WE DETECTED THE SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 GENE FUSION IN SWNTS-SWNS, WITH PREDOMINANCE IN LZTR1-MUTANT TUMORS. IN ADDITION, WE IDENTIFIED SPECIFIC GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ACTIONABLE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAMS ASSOCIATED WITH PAINFUL SWNTS-SWNS INCLUDING PIGF, VEGF, MEK, AND MTOR PATHWAYS, WHICH MAY BE HARNESSED FOR MANAGEMENT OF THIS SYNDROME. 2021 3 1217 28 CREG PROTECTS FROM MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY BY REGULATING MYOCARDIAL AUTOPHAGY AND APOPTOSIS. AIMS: HUMAN CELLULAR REPRESSOR OF E1A-STIMULATED GENES (CREG) IS A SECRETED GLYCOPROTEIN THAT REGULATES TISSUE AND CELL HOMEOSTASIS AND HAS BEEN SHOWN TO ANTAGONIZE HEART FIBROSIS, WHICH INDICATES A POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CREG AGAINST CARDIOMYOCYTE CHRONIC DAMAGE. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE ROLE OF CREG IN MYOCARDIAL TISSUE ACUTE INJURY, IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF CREG IN MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION (MI/R) INJURY AND CLARIFY THE MECHANISM OF ACTION. METHODS AND RESULTS: WILD-TYPE CREG (CREG(+/+)), HETEROZYGOUS CREG (CREG(+/-)) MICE AND MICE PRETREATED WITH INFUSION OF RECOMBINANT 0.3MG/KG.D CREG PROTEIN (RECREG(+/+)) WERE SUBJECTED TO 30MIN OF LEFT ASCENDING CORONARY ISCHEMIA AND 24H OF REPERFUSION. EVAN'S BLUE-TRIPHENYL- TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE (TTC) SOLUTION AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ANALYSIS WERE USED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CREG ON MI/R MICE. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS WERE FURTHER DETERMINED BY CULTURED MYOCARDIAL CELLS IN VITRO. OUR FINDINGS REVEALED THAT THE LEVEL OF CREG PROTEIN IN MOUSE HEARTS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED AFTER MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO MI/R. MOREOVER, CREG(+/-) MICE HAD LARGER INFARCTION SIZE 2H AFTER REPERFUSION AND WORSE CARDIAC FUNCTION 28DAYS AFTER MI/R INJURY COMPARED TO THAT IN CREG(+/+) MICE. HOWEVER, RECREG(+/+) MICE COULD MAINTAIN CREG AT A HIGH LEVEL EVEN AFTER MI/R INJURY, AND MITIGATED INFARCTION SIZE AND IMPROVED CARDIAC FUNCTION SIGNIFICANTLY. IN CREG(+/-) MICE, MYOCARDIAL AUTOPHAGY WAS DYSFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZED BY ACCUMULATION OF LC3A AND P62, WHILE APOPTOTIC CELL NUMBER INCREASE WAS DETECTED BY CLEAVED CASPASE-3 BLOTTING AND TUNEL STAINING. CONVERSELY, DECREASED APOPTOSIS AND ACTIVATED AUTOPHAGY WERE DETECTED IN RECREG(+/+) MICE. FURTHERMORE, CHLOROQUINE, A KIND OF AUTOPHAGY BLOCKER, WAS USED TO DEMONSTRATE RECOMBINANT CREG PROTECTED CARDIOMYOCYTES AGAINST APOPTOSIS MEDIATED BY ACTIVATING AUTOPHAGY BOTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. FINALLY, WE FOUND CREG WAS INVOLVED INTO LYSOSOMAL PROTEIN TRANSFER AND IMPROVE CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY. CONCLUSION: CREG PROTECTS HEART AGAINST MI/R INJURY-INDUCED CARDIOMYOCYTES APOPTOSIS BY ACTIVATING LYSOSOMAL AUTOPHAGY. THIS ARTICLE IS PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ENTITLED: GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HEART FAILURE - EDITED BY JUN REN AND MEGAN YINGMEI ZHANG. 2017 4 5677 26 SHORT AIP1 (ASK1-INTERACTING PROTEIN-1) ISOFORM LOCALIZES TO THE MITOCHONDRIA AND PROMOTES VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION. OBJECTIVE: VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (ECS) NORMALLY MAINTAIN VASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND ARE REGULATED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. A HUMAN GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIED THAT AIP1 (ASK1 [APOPTOSIS SIGNAL-REGULATING KINASE 1]-INTERACTING PROTEIN-1; ALSO IDENTIFIED AS DAB2IP) GENE VARIANTS CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM IS UNKNOWN. APPROACH AND RESULTS: WE DETECTED A NORMAL AIP1 FORM (NAMED AIP1A) IN THE HEALTHY AORTA, BUT A SHORTER FORM OF AIP1 (NAMED AIP1B) WAS FOUND IN DISEASED AORTAE THAT CONTAINED ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES AND GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. AIP1B TRANSCRIPTION IN RESTING ECS WAS SUPPRESSED THROUGH EPIGENETIC INHIBITION BY RIF1 (RAP1 [RAS-RELATED PROTEIN 1]-INTERACTING FACTOR 1)/H3K9 (HISTONE H3 LYSINE 9) METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED H3K9 TRIMETHYLATION, AND THIS INHIBITION WAS RELEASED BY PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. AIP1A, BUT NOT AIP1B, WAS DOWNREGULATED BY PROTEOLYTIC DEGRADATION THROUGH A SMURF1 (SMAD [SUPPRESSOR OF MOTHERS AGAINST DECAPENTAPLEGIC MISCELLANEOUS] UBIQUITYLATION REGULATORY FACTOR 1)-DEPENDENT PATHWAY IN ECS UNDER INFLAMMATION. THEREFORE, AIP1B WAS THE MAJOR FORM PRESENT DURING INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. AIP1B, WHICH LACKS THE N-TERMINAL PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN OF AIP1A, LOCALIZED TO THE MITOCHONDRIA AND AUGMENTED TNFALPHA (TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA)-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION AND EC ACTIVATION. AIP1B-ECTG (EC-SPECIFIC AIP1B TRANSGENIC) MICE EXHIBITED AUGMENTED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION, EC ACTIVATION, AND NEOINTIMA FORMATION IN VASCULAR REMODELING MODELS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR CURRENT STUDY SUGGESTS THAT A SHIFT FROM ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AIP1A TO PROINFLAMMATORY AIP1B DURING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY VASCULAR DISEASES. 2020 5 5763 12 SOME COMMENTS ON MASOCHISM AND THE DELUSION OF OMNIPOTENCE FROM A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE. THIS PAPER EXPLORES THE RELATION OF THE DELUSION OF OMNIPOTENCE TO MASOCHISM AND SUGGESTS THAT THIS FANTASY CONSTITUTES A MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE RESISTANCE SO PROMINENT IN WORK WITH MASOCHISTIC PATIENTS. THE CONNECTIONS AMONG MASOCHISM, OMNIPOTENCE, NEGATIVE THERAPEUTIC REACTION, AND CLINGING TO PAIN ARE DISCUSSED. THE CLASSICAL VIEW HAS BEEN THAT THE FAILURE OF INFANTILE OMNIPOTENCE FORCES THE CHILD TO TURN TO REALITY. OUR EXPERIENCE WITH MASOCHISTIC PATIENTS SUGGESTS THAT IT IS THE REAL FAILURE TO ACHIEVE COMPETENT INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS THAT FORCES THE CHILD TO TURN TO OMNIPOTENT SOLUTIONS. THE DISTINCTION IS MADE BETWEEN FANTASIES THAT ENHANCE THE REAL CAPACITIES OF THE SELF AND THOSE AIMED AT DENYING AND TRANSFORMING THE PAIN AND INADEQUACY OF THE MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP. THE EPIGENETIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF OMNIPOTENT FANTASIES THROUGH ALL LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT ARE DESCRIBED. THE PATIENT'S NEED TO PROTECT THE OMNIPOTENT FANTASY IS DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE AT EACH PHASE OF ANALYSIS. 1991 6 760 20 CASZ1: CURRENT IMPLICATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CANCERS. CASTOR ZINC FINGER 1 (CASZ1) IS A C2H2 ZINC FINGER FAMILY PROTEIN THAT HAS TWO SPLICING VARIANTS, CASZ1A AND CASZ1B. IT IS INVOLVED IN MULTIPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISM. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERNATIONS OF CASZ1 HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED IN MULTIPLE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, SUCH AS CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES, CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES, AND HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW CASZ1 MECHANICALLY PARTICIPATES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THESE DISEASES. OVER THE PAST DECADES, AT FIRST GLANCE, PARADOXICAL INFLUENCES ON CELL BEHAVIORS AND PROGRESSIONS OF DIFFERENT CANCER TYPES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED FOR CASZ1, WHICH MAY BE EXPLAINED BY A "DOUBLE-AGENT" ROLE FOR CASZ1. IN THIS REVIEW, WE DISCUSS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF CASZ1, AND FOCUS ON THE ASSOCIATION OF CASZ1 ABERRATIONS WITH THE PATHOGENESIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CANCERS. 2023 7 2640 18 EPIGENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IDENTIFIES IMPAIRED GLYOXYLATE DETOXIFICATION IN NAFLD AS A RISK FACTOR FOR HYPEROXALURIA. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS (E.G. DNA METHYLATION) IN NAFLD AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO DISEASE PROGRESSION AND EXTRAHEPATIC COMPLICATIONS ARE POORLY EXPLORED. HERE, WE USE AN INTEGRATED EPIGENOME AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF MOUSE NAFLD HEPATOCYTES AND IDENTIFY ALTERATIONS IN GLYOXYLATE METABOLISM, A PATHWAY RELEVANT IN KIDNEY DAMAGE VIA OXALATE RELEASE-A HARMFUL WASTE PRODUCT AND KIDNEY STONE-PROMOTING FACTOR. DOWNREGULATION AND HYPERMETHYLATION OF ALANINE-GLYOXYLATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AGXT), WHICH DETOXIFIES GLYOXYLATE, PREVENTING EXCESSIVE OXALATE ACCUMULATION, IS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED OXALATE FORMATION AFTER METABOLISM OF THE PRECURSOR HYDROXYPROLINE. VIRAL-MEDIATED AGXT TRANSFER OR INHIBITING HYDROXYPROLINE CATABOLISM RESCUES EXCESSIVE OXALATE RELEASE. IN HUMAN STEATOTIC HEPATOCYTES, AGXT IS ALSO DOWNREGULATED AND HYPERMETHYLATED, AND IN NAFLD ADOLESCENTS, STEATOSIS SEVERITY CORRELATES WITH URINARY OXALATE EXCRETION. THUS, THIS WORK IDENTIFIES A REDUCED CAPACITY OF THE STEATOTIC LIVER TO DETOXIFY GLYOXYLATE, TRIGGERING ELEVATED OXALATE, AND PROVIDES A MECHANISTIC EXPLANATION FOR THE INCREASED RISK OF KIDNEY STONES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN NAFLD PATIENTS. 2021 8 4048 24 MAINTENANCE AND PHARMACOLOGIC TARGETING OF ROR1 PROTEIN LEVELS VIA UHRF1 IN T(1;19) PRE-B-ALL. EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSMEMBRANE PSEUDOKINASE ROR1 IS REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL OF T(1;19)-PRE-B-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (T(1;19) PRE-B-ALL), CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, AND MANY SOLID TUMORS. HOWEVER, TARGETING ROR1 WITH SMALL-MOLECULES HAS BEEN CHALLENGING DUE TO THE ABSENCE OF ROR1 KINASE ACTIVITY. TO IDENTIFY GENES THAT REGULATE ROR1 EXPRESSION AND MAY, THEREFORE, SERVE AS SURROGATE DRUG TARGETS, WE EMPLOYED AN SIRNA SCREENING APPROACH AND DETERMINED THAT THE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR AND E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE, UHRF1, IS REQUIRED FOR T(1;19) PRE-B-ALL CELL VIABILITY IN A ROR1-DEPENDENT MANNER. UPON UHRF1 SILENCING, ROR1 PROTEIN IS REDUCED WITHOUT ALTERING ROR1 MRNA, AND ECTOPICALLY EXPRESSED UHRF1 IS SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE ROR1 LEVELS. ADDITIONALLY, PROTEASOME INHIBITION RESCUES LOSS OF ROR1 PROTEIN AFTER UHRF1 SILENCING, SUGGESTING A ROLE FOR THE PROTEASOME IN THE UHRF1-ROR1 AXIS. FINALLY, WE SHOW THAT ROR1-POSITIVE CELLS ARE TWICE AS SENSITIVE TO THE UHRF1-TARGETING DRUG, NAPHTHAZARIN, AND UNDERGO INCREASED APOPTOSIS COMPARED TO ROR1-NEGATIVE CELLS. NAPHTHAZARIN ELICITS REDUCED EXPRESSION OF UHRF1 AND ROR1, AND COMBINATION OF NAPHTHAZARIN WITH INHIBITORS OF PRE-B CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALING RESULTS IN FURTHER REDUCTION OF CELL SURVIVAL COMPARED WITH EITHER INHIBITOR ALONE. THEREFORE, OUR WORK REVEALS A MECHANISM BY WHICH UHRF1 STABILIZES ROR1, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL TARGETING STRATEGY TO INHIBIT ROR1 IN T(1;19) PRE-B-ALL AND OTHER MALIGNANCIES. 2018 9 967 18 CHRONIC NICOTINE EXPOSURE AUGMENTS RENAL OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INJURY THROUGH TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF P66SHC. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC NICOTINE (CH-NIC) EXPOSURE EXACERBATES ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION (I/R)-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI), AND MITOCHONDRIAL PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) IN CULTURED RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE CELLS (RPTCS). BECAUSE SER36-PHOSPHORYLATED P66SHC MODULATES MITOCHONDRIAL ROS PRODUCTION AND INJURY OF RPTCS, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CH-NIC EXACERBATES AKI BY INCREASING STRESS-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF P66SHC. METHODS: WE FIRST TESTED WHETHER CH-NIC AUGMENTS I/R-AKI-INDUCED EXPRESSION AND PHOSPHORYLATION OF P66SHC IN VIVO. WE THEN EXAMINED WHETHER KNOCKING DOWN P66SHC, OR IMPAIRING ITS SER36 PHOSPHORYLATION OR BINDING TO CYTOCHROME C, ALTERS THE EFFECTS OF CH-NIC ON OXIDATIVE STRESS (H(2)O(2))-INDUCED PRODUCTION OF ROS, MITOCHONDRIAL DEPOLARIZATION AND INJURY IN RPTCS IN VITRO. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CH-NIC INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF P66SHC IN THE CONTROL AND ISCHEMIC KIDNEYS, BUT ONLY INCREASED ITS SER36 PHOSPHORYLATION AFTER RENAL I/R. KNOCKING DOWN P66SHC OR IMPAIRING PHOSPHORYLATION OF ITS SER36 RESIDUE, VIA THE S36A MUTATION (BUT NOT THE PHOSPHOMIMETIC S36D MUTATION), BLUNTED CH-NIC + H2O2-DEPENDENT ROS PRODUCTION, MITOCHONDRIAL DEPOLARIZATION AND INJURY IN RPTCS. ADDITIONALLY, CH-NIC + H2O2-DEPENDENT BINDING OF P66SHC TO MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME C WAS ATTENUATED BY S36A MUTATION OF P66SHC, AND IMPAIRING CYTOCHROME C BINDING (VIA W134F MUTATION) ABOLISHED ROS PRODUCTION, MITOCHONDRIAL DEPOLARIZATION AND INJURY, WHILE ECTOPIC OVEREXPRESSION OF P66SHC (WHICH MIMICS CH-NIC TREATMENT) AUGMENTED OXIDANT INJURY. WE DETERMINED THAT CH-NIC STIMULATES THE P66SHC PROMOTER THROUGH P53- AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION (PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION). CONCLUSIONS: CH-NIC WORSENS OXIDATIVE STRESS-DEPENDENT ACUTE RENAL INJURY BY INCREASING EXPRESSION AND CONSEQUENT OXIDATIVE STRESS-DEPENDENT SER36 PHOSPHORYLATION OF P66SHC. THUS, TARGETING THIS PATHWAY MAY HAVE THERAPEUTIC RELEVANCE IN PREVENTING/AMELIORATING TOBACCO-RELATED KIDNEY INJURY. 2013 10 768 28 CD47 (CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 47). CD47, ALSO KNOWN AS INTEGRIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, IS A CONSTITUTIVELY AND UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR. CD47 IS CONSERVED ACROSS AMNIOTES INCLUDING MAMMALS, REPTILES, AND BIRDS. EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN MANY CANCERS AND, IN NON-MALIGNANT CELLS, BY STRESS AND WITH AGING. THE UP-REGULATION OF CD47 EXPRESSION IS GENERALLY EPIGENETIC, WHEREAS GENE AMPLIFICATION OCCURS WITH LOW FREQUENCY IN SOME CANCERS. CD47 IS A HIGH AFFINITY SIGNALING RECEPTOR FOR THE SECRETED PROTEIN THROMBOSPONDIN-1 (THBS1) AND THE COUNTER-RECEPTOR FOR SIGNAL REGULATORY PROTEIN-ALPHA (SIRPA, SIRPALPHA) AND SIRPGAMMA (SIRPG). CD47 INTERACTION WITH SIRPALPHA SERVES AS A MARKER OF SELF TO INNATE IMMUNE CELLS AND THEREBY PROTECTS CANCER CELLS FROM PHAGOCYTIC CLEARANCE. CONSEQUENTLY, HIGHER CD47 CORRELATES WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS IN SOME CANCERS, AND THERAPEUTIC BLOCKADE CAN SUPPRESS TUMOR GROWTH BY ENHANCING INNATE ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY. CD47 EXPRESSED ON CYTOTOXIC T CELLS, DENDRITIC CELLS, AND NK CELLS MEDIATES INHIBITORY THBS1 SIGNALING THAT FURTHER LIMITS ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY. CD47 LATERALLY ASSOCIATES WITH SEVERAL INTEGRINS AND THEREBY REGULATES CELL ADHESION AND MIGRATION. CD47 HAS ADDITIONAL LATERAL BINDING PARTNERS IN SPECIFIC CELL TYPES, AND LIGATION OF CD47 IN SOME CASES MODULATES THEIR FUNCTION. THBS1-CD47 SIGNALING IN NON-MALIGNANT CELLS INHIBITS NITRIC OXIDE/CGMP, CALCIUM, AND VEGF SIGNALING, MITOCHONDRIAL HOMEOSTASIS, STEM CELL MAINTENANCE, PROTECTIVE AUTOPHAGY, AND DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE, AND PROMOTES NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVITY. CD47 SIGNALING IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATOR OF PLATELET ACTIVATION, ANGIOGENESIS AND BLOOD FLOW. THBS1/CD47 SIGNALING IS FREQUENTLY DYSREGULATED IN CHRONIC DISEASES. 2021 11 4576 23 MYOGENIC POTENTIAL OF CANINE CRANIOFACIAL SATELLITE CELLS. THE SKELETAL FIBERS HAVE DIFFERENT EMBRYOLOGICAL ORIGIN; THE EXTRAOCULAR AND JAW-CLOSER MUSCLES DEVELOP FROM PRECHORDAL MESODERM WHILE THE LIMB AND TRUNK MUSCLES FROM SOMITES. THESE DIFFERENT ORIGINS CHARACTERIZE ALSO THE ADULT MUSCLE STEM CELLS, KNOWN AS SATELLITE CELLS (SCS) AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FIBER GROWTH AND REGENERATION. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PRESOMITIC SCS AND THEIR EPIGENETICS ARE POORLY STUDIED DESPITE THEIR PECULIAR CHARACTERISTICS TO PRESERVE MUSCLE INTEGRITY DURING CHRONIC MUSCLE DEGENERATION. HERE, WE ISOLATED SCS FROM CANINE SOMITIC [SOMITE-DERIVED MUSCLE (SDM): VASTUS LATERALIS, RECTUS ABDOMINIS, GLUTEUS SUPERFICIALIS, BICEPS FEMORIS, PSOAS] AND PRESOMITIC [PRE-SOMITE-DERIVED MUSCLE (PSDM): LATERAL RECTUS, TEMPORALIS, AND RETRACTOR BULBI] MUSCLES AS MYOGENIC PROGENITOR CELLS FROM YOUNG AND OLD ANIMALS. IN ADDITION, SDM AND PSDM-SCS WERE OBTAINED ALSO FROM GOLDEN RETRIEVERS AFFECTED BY MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (GRMD). WE CHARACTERIZED THE LIFESPAN, THE MYOGENIC POTENTIAL AND FUNCTIONS, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS OF BOTH SOMITIC AND PRESOMITIC SCS WITH THE AIM TO REVEAL DIFFERENCES WITH AGING AND BETWEEN HEALTHY AND DYSTROPHIC ANIMALS. THE DIFFERENT PROLIFERATION RATE WAS CONSISTENT WITH HIGHER TELOMERASE ACTIVITY IN PSDM-SCS COMPARED TO SDM-SCS, ALTHOUGH RESTRICTED AT EARLY PASSAGES. SDM-SCS EXPRESS EARLY (PAX7, MYOD) AND LATE (MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, MYOGENIN) MYOGENIC MARKERS DIFFERENTLY FROM PSDM-SCS RESULTING IN A MORE EFFICIENT AND FASTER CELL DIFFERENTIATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PSDM-SCS ELICIT A STRONGER STEM CELL PHENOTYPE COMPARED TO SDM ONES. FINALLY, MYOMIR EXPRESSION PROFILE REVEALS A UNIQUE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN GRMD SCS AND MIR-206, HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN DYSTROPHIC SCS, SEEMS TO PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN MUSCLE DEGENERATION. THUS, MIR-206 COULD REPRESENT A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. 2014 12 1791 17 EFFECT OF CHRONIC RADIATION ON THE FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) GENOME GROWN FOR SIX CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS IN THE RADIOACTIVE CHERNOBYL AREA. THE GROWTH OF PLANTS UNDER CHRONIC RADIATION STRESS IN THE CHERNOBYL AREA MAY CAUSE CHANGES IN THE GENOME OF PLANTS. TO ASSESS THE EXTENT OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN NUCLEAR DNA, SEEDS OF THE ANNUAL CROP FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) OF THE KYIVSKYI VARIETY, SOWN 21 YEARS AFTER THE ACCIDENT AND GROWN FOR SIX GENERATIONS IN RADIOACTIVE (RAD) AND REMEDIATED (REM) FIELDS WERE ANALYSED. FLAXSEED USED FOR SOWING FIRST GENERATION, WHICH SERVED AS A REFERENCE (REF), WAS ALSO ANALYSED. THE AFLP (AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM) REVEALED A HIGHER NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ECORI-MSEI LOCI (3.4-FOLD) IN POOLED FLAXSEED SAMPLES HARVESTED FROM THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH THE REM FIELD, INDICATING A LINK BETWEEN THE MUTATION PROCESS IN THE FLAX GENOME AND THE ONGOING ADAPTATION PROCESS. MSAP (METHYLATION-SENSITIVE AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM) DETECTING ECORI-MSPI AND ECORI-HPAII LOCI IN FLAX NUCLEAR DNA GENOME SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION LEVEL, REACHING ABOUT 33% IN EACH OF THE GROUPS STUDIED. ON THE OTHER HAND, SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN OF FLAXSEED SAMPLES HARVESTED FROM THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH CONTROLS WERE DETECTED. PAIRWISE F(ST) COMPARISON REVEALED WITHIN BOTH, ECORI-MSPI AND TRANSFORMED METHYLATION-SENSITIVE DATA SETS MORE THAN A 3-FOLD INCREASE OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN THE RAD FIELD COMPARED WITH BOTH CONTROLS. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE NUCLEAR GENOME OF FLAX EXPOSED TO CHRONIC RADIATION FOR SIX GENERATIONS HAS MORE MUTATIONS AND USES DNA METHYLATION AS ONE OF THE ADAPTATION MECHANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS. 2022 13 1679 19 DRUG RESISTANCE IN GIARDIA DUODENALIS. GIARDIA DUODENALIS IS A MICROAEROPHILIC PARASITE OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO DIARRHEAL AND POST-INFECTIOUS CHRONIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE WORLD-WIDE. TREATMENT OF G. DUODENALIS INFECTION CURRENTLY RELIES ON A SMALL NUMBER OF DRUG CLASSES. NITROHETEROCYCLICS, IN PARTICULAR METRONIDAZOLE, HAVE REPRESENTED THE FRONT LINE TREATMENT FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS. NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS HAVE BEEN ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS AND CREATED IN VITRO, PROMPTING CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH INTO THE BIOMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE REDOX-ACTIVE AND ARE BELIEVED TO DAMAGE PROTEINS AND DNA AFTER BEING ACTIVATED BY OXIDOREDUCTASE ENZYMES IN METABOLICALLY ACTIVE CELLS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE EXPLORE THE MOLECULAR PHENOTYPES OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC-RESISTANT G. DUODENALIS DESCRIBED TO DATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTIST'S UNUSUAL GLYCOLYTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS. WE PROPOSE THAT RESISTANCE MECHANISMS ARE LIKELY TO EXTEND WELL BEYOND CURRENTLY DESCRIBED RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED ENZYMES (I.E., PYRUVATE FERREDOXIN OXIDOREDUCTASES AND NITROREDUCTASES), TO INCLUDE NAD(P)H- AND FLAVIN-GENERATING PATHWAYS, AND POSSIBLY REDOX-SENSITIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION. MECHANISMS THAT ALLOW G. DUODENALIS TO TOLERATE OXIDATIVE STRESS MAY LEAD TO RESISTANCE AGAINST BOTH OXYGEN AND NITROHETEROCYCLICS, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL CONTROL. THE PRESENT REVIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE POTENTIAL FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY TOOLS AND ADVANCED BIOINFORMATICS TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE MULTIFACETED MECHANISMS OF NITROHETEROCYCLIC RESISTANCE IN THIS IMPORTANT PATHOGEN. 2015 14 16 21 4CRNA NEAT1 SPONGE ADSORPTION OF MIR-378 MODULATES ACTIVITY OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-TREATED ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES AND INFLUENCES THE PATHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS. CONTEXT: OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) IS A CHRONIC JOINT DISEASE THAT CAN EVENTUALLY LEAD TO DEGENERATION, FIBROSIS, FRACTURES, AND DEFECTS OF THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE. LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) IS A KEY SUBSTANCE IN MANY PROCESSES, SUCH AS EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND CELL-CYCLE AND CELL-DIFFERENTIATION MODULATION, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OA HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY VERIFIED. OBJECTIVE: THE STUDY INTENDED TO CLARIFY THE INFLUENCE OF LNCRNA NUCLEAR ENRICHED ABUNDANT TRANSCRIPT 1 (NEAT1), LNCRNA NEAT1, ON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-INDUCED OA CHONDROCYTES THROUGH SPONGE ADSORPTION OF MICRORNA-378 (MIR-378) AND TO PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO FUTURE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF OA. DESIGN: THE RESEARCH TEAM PERFORMED AN ANIMAL STUDY. SETTING: THE STUDY TOOK PLACE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE AT LINYI PEOPLE'S HOSPITAL IN LINYI, SHANGDONG, CHINA. ANIMALS: THE STUDY'S ANIMALS WERE 10 SPRAGUE DAWLEY (SD) RATS, 3-5 DAYS OLD AND 10-15 G IN WEIGHT, OF THE SPECIFIC-PATHOGEN-FREE (SPF) GRADE. INTERVENTION: THE RAT CHONDROCYTES FOR THE POSITIVE CONTROL GROUP (THE MODEL GROUP) WERE TREATED WITH 500 NG/ML OF LPS TO INDUCE OA. CHONDROCYTES TREATED WITH THE SAME AMOUNT OF NORMAL SALINE WERE USED AS THE NEGATIVE CONTROL GROUP. THE CHONDROCYTES OF THE LPS-INDUCED RATS WERE INTO SIX GROUPS: (1) A POSITIVE CONTROL GROUP TRANSFECTED WITH NEAT1-INTERFERING RNA, THE SH-NEAT1 GROUP; (2) A NEGATIVE CONTROL GROUP NOT TRANSFECTED WITH NEAT1-INTERFERING RNA, THE NEAT1 EMPTY VECTOR (NC-NEAT1) GROUP; (3) AN INTERVENTION GROUP CO-TRANSFECTED WITH NEAT1 INTERFERING RNA AND THE MIR-378 INHIBITOR SEQUENCE (INH-MIR-378 THE SH-NEAT1+ INH-MIR-378 GROUP; (4) A NEGATIVE CONTROL GROUP TRANSFECTED WITH NEAT1 INTERFERING RNA BUT NOT TRANSFECTED WITH THE MIR-378 INHIBITOR SEQUENCE, THE SH-NEAT1+ MIR-378 NEGATIVE CONTROL (NC-MIR-378) GROUP; (5) A NEGATIVE CONTROL GROUP TRANSFECTED WITH THE MIR-378 INHIBITOR SEQUENCE BUT NOT TRANSFECTED WITH NEAT1 INTERFERING RNA, THE NEAT1 EMPTY VECTOR (NC-NEAT1) + INH-MIR-378 GROUP; (6) A NEGATIVE CONTROL GROUP NOT TRANSFECTED WITH EITHER NEAT1 INTERFERING RNA OR THE MIR-378 INHIBITOR SEQUENCE, THE NC-NEAT1 + NC-MIR-378 GROUP. OUTCOME MEASURES: AN OA-CHONDROCYTE MODEL WAS INDUCED BY LPS AND MEASUREMENTS OF NEAT1 AND MIR-378 EXPRESSION WERE MADE BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION (QRT)- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR). THEN, SMALL NEAT1-INTERFERING RNA (SH-NEAT1), EMPTY VECTOR NEAT1 (NC-NEAT1), INHIBITOR-SEQUENCE-MIR-378 (INH-MIR-378), AND NEGATIVE-CONTROL-MIR-378 (NC-MIR-378) WERE TRANSFECTED INTO CELLS, AND CELL VIABILITY AND APOPTOSIS RATE WERE MEASURED. FINALLY, THE STUDY VERIFIED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEAT1 AND MIR-378. RESULTS: COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP, NEAT1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN THE MODEL GROUP, AND ITS MIR-378 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. SILENCING NEAT1 CAN ENHANCE OA-CHONDROCYTE ACTIVITY AND DECREASE APOPTOSIS. WHEN NEAT1 AND MIR-378 WERE INHIBITED TOGETHER, AS SHOWN FORT THE NC-NEAT1 + NC-MIR-378 GROUP, NEAT1 EXPRESSION, AS WELL AS THE MULTIPLICATION AND APOPTOSIS ABILITY OF THE OA-MODEL CELLS, WERE THE SAME AS THOSE OF CELLS TRANSFECTED WITH AN EMPTY VECTOR, THE NC-NEAT1 GROUP. ALSO, THE NEAT1 + NC-MIR-378 GROUP'S CELL ACTIVITY WAS LOWER THAN THAT OF THE SH-NEAT1+NC-MIR-378 GROUP BUT HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE NC-NEAT1 + INH-MIR-378 GROUP. FINALLY, HIGHER FLUORESCENCE ACTIVITY OCCURRED FOR NEAT1-MUTANT TYPE (MUT) TRANSFECTED WITH INH-MIR-378. CONCLUSIONS: NEAT1, WHICH IS HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN OA, MEDIATES LPS-INDUCED OA-CHONDROCYTE ACTIVITY THROUGH SPONGE ADSORPTION OF MIR-378. 2022 15 681 30 BRAIN LIPOTOXICITY OF PHYTANIC ACID AND VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS. HARMFUL CELLULAR/MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITIES IN REFSUM DISEASE AND X-LINKED ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY. IT IS INCREASINGLY UNDERSTOOD THAT IN THE AGING BRAIN, ESPECIALLY IN THE CASE OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES, SOME FATTY ACIDS AT PATHOLOGICALLY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS EXERT DETRIMENTAL ACTIVITIES. TO STUDY SUCH ACTIVITIES, WE HERE ANALYZE GENETIC DISEASES, WHICH ARE DUE TO COMPROMISED METABOLISM OF SPECIFIC FATTY ACIDS, EITHER THE BRANCHED-CHAIN PHYTANIC ACID OR VERY LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (VLCFAS). MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID OR OF VLCFAS DISTURB THE INTEGRITY OF NEURAL CELLS BY IMPAIRING CA(2+) HOMEOSTASIS, ENHANCING OXIDATIVE STRESS OR DE-ENERGIZING MITOCHONDRIA. FINALLY, THESE COMBINED HARMFUL ACTIVITIES ACCELERATE CELL DEATH. MITOCHONDRIA ARE MORE SEVERELY TARGETED BY PHYTANIC ACID THAN BY VLCFAS. THE INSERTION OF VLCFAS INTO THE INNER MEMBRANE DISTORTS THE ARRANGEMENT OF MEMBRANE CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS. PHYTANIC ACID EXERTS SPECIFIC PROTONOPHORIC ACTIVITY, INDUCES REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) GENERATION, AND REDUCES ATP GENERATION. A CLEAR INHIBITION OF THE NA(+), K(+)-ATPASE ACTIVITY BY PHYTANIC ACID HAS ALSO BEEN REPORTED. IN ADDITION TO THE INSTANTANEOUS EFFECTS, A CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF BRAIN CELLS TO LOW MICROMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS OF PHYTANIC ACID MAY PRODUCE NEURONAL DAMAGE IN REFSUM DISEASE BY ALTERING EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. MYELIN-PRODUCING OLIGODENDROCYTES RESPOND WITH PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY TO VLCFAS. DELETERIOUS ACTIVITY OF VLCFAS ON ENERGY-DEPENDENT MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS DECLINES WITH INCREASING THE HYDROCARBON CHAIN LENGTH (C22:0 > C24:0 > C26:0). IN CONTRAST, THE REVERSE SEQUENCE HOLDS TRUE FOR CELL DEATH INDUCTION BY VLCFAS (C22:0 < C24:0 < C26:0). IN ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY, THE UPTAKE OF VLCFAS BY PEROXISOMES IS IMPAIRED BY DEFECTS OF THE ABCD1 TRANSPORTER. STUDYING MITOCHONDRIA FROM ABCD1-DEFICIENT AND WILD-TYPE MICE PROVES THAT THE ENERGY-DEPENDENT FUNCTIONS ARE NOT ALTERED IN THE DISEASE MODEL. THUS, A DEFECTIVE ABCD1 APPARENTLY EXERTS NO OBVIOUS ADAPTIVE PRESSURE ON MITOCHONDRIA. FURTHER RESEARCH HAS TO ELUCIDATE THE DETAILED MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR THE FAILURES CAUSING FATTY ACID-MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION AND SHOULD HELP TO PROVIDE POSSIBLE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. 2016 16 3279 19 HERITABLE ALTERATION IN DNA METHYLATION INDUCED BY NITROGEN-DEFICIENCY STRESS ACCOMPANIES ENHANCED TOLERANCE BY PROGENIES TO THE STRESS IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.). CYTOSINE METHYLATION IS RESPONSIVE TO VARIOUS BIOTIC- AND ABIOTIC-STRESSES, WHICH MAY PRODUCE HERITABLE EPIALLELES. NITROGEN (N)-DEFICIENCY IS AN ABIOTIC STRESS BEING REPEATEDLY EXPERIENCED BY PLANTS. TO ADDRESS POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF N-DEFICIENCY-STRESS, WE INVESTIGATED THE STABILITY OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) SUBSEQUENT TO A CHRONIC (A WHOLE-GENERATION) N-DEFICIENCY AT TWO LEVELS, MODERATE (20MG/L) AND SEVERE (10MG/L), UNDER HYDROPONIC CULTURE. MSAP ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT LOCUS-SPECIFIC METHYLATION ALTERATION OCCURRED IN LEAF-TISSUE OF THE STRESSED PLANTS (S(0)) EXPERIENCING EITHER LEVEL OF N-DEFICIENCY, WHICH WAS VALIDATED BY GEL-BLOTTING. ANALYSIS ON THREE NON-STRESSED SELF-FED PROGENIES (S(1), S(2) AND S(3)) BY GEL-BLOTTING INDICATED THAT CA. 50% OF THE ALTERED METHYLATION PATTERNS IN SOMATIC CELLS (LEAF) OF THE STRESSED S(0) PLANTS WERE RECAPTURED IN S(1), WHICH WERE THEN STABLY INHERITED TO S(2) AND S(3). BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF TWO VARIANT MSAP LOCI WITH HOMOLOGY TO LOW-COPY RETROTRANSPOSONS ON ONE STRESSED PLANT (S(0)) AND ITS NON-STRESSED PROGENIES (S(1) AND S(2)) SHOWED THAT WHEREAS ONE LOCUS EXHIBITED LIMITED AND NON-HERITABLE CHH METHYLATION ALTERATION, THE OTHER LOCUS MANIFESTED DRAMATIC HERITABLE HYPERMETHYLATION AT NEARLY ALL CYTOSINE SITES WITHIN THE ASSAYED REGION. INTRIGUINGLY, WHEN TWO GROUPS OF S(2) PLANTS DESCENDED FROM THE SAME N-DEFICIENCY-STRESSED S(0) PLANT WERE RE-SUBJECTED TO THE STRESS, THE GROUP INHERITING THE MODIFIED METHYLATION PATTERNS SHOWED ENHANCED TOLERANCE TO THE N-DEFICIENCY-STRESS COMPARED WITH THE GROUP BEARING THE ORIGINAL PATTERNS. OUR RESULTS THUS DEMONSTRATE HERITABILITY OF AN ACQUIRED ADAPTIVE TRAIT IN RICE, WHICH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE OF MODIFIED CYTOSINE METHYLATION PATTERNS, IMPLICATING AN EPIGENETIC BASIS UNDERLYING THE INHERITANCE OF AN ACQUIRED TRAIT IN PLANTS. 2011 17 3626 15 IN-SILICO DISCOVERY OF DUAL ACTIVE MOLECULE TO RESTORE SYNAPTIC WIRING AGAINST AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER VIA HDAC2 AND H3R INHIBITION. METAL-DEPENDENT HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) ARE ESSENTIAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS; THEIR MOLECULAR AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ROLES IN MEDICALLY CRITICAL DISEASES SUCH AS NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, NEURODEGENERATION, AND CANCER ARE BEING STUDIED GLOBALLY. HDAC2'S DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MAKES IT AN APPEALING THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES LIKE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. IN THIS STUDY, WE IDENTIFIED H3R INHIBITOR MOLECULES THAT ARE COMPUTATIONALLY EFFECTIVE AT BINDING TO THE HDAC2 METAL-COORDINATED BINDING SITE. THE STUDY HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPORTANCE OF PITOLISANT IN SCREENING THE POTENTIAL H3R INHIBITORS BY USING A HYBRID WORKFLOW OF LIGAND AND RECEPTOR-BASED DRUG DISCOVERY. THE SCREENED LEAD COMPOUNDS WITH PUBCHEM SIDS 103179850, 103185945, AND 103362074 SHOW VIABLE BINDING WITH HDAC2 IN SILICO. THE IMPORTANCE OF LIGAND CONTACTS WITH THE ZN2+ ION IN THE HDAC2 CATALYTIC SITE IS ALSO DISCUSSED AND INVESTIGATED FOR A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ENZYME INHIBITION. THE PROPOSED H3R INHIBITORS 103179850, 103185945, AND 103362074 ARE ESTIMATED AS DUAL-ACTIVE MOLECULES TO BLOCK THE HDAC2-MEDIATED DEACETYLATION OF THE EAAT2 GENE (SLC1A2) AND H3R-MEDIATED SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IRREGULARITY AND ARE, THEREFORE, OPEN FOR EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION. 2022 18 2080 24 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION OF EBI3 MODULATES HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-35 FORMATION VIA NFKB SIGNALING: A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC OPTION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC), A SEVERE CHRONIC DISEASE WITH UNCLEAR ETIOLOGY THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR COLORECTAL CANCER, IS ACCOMPANIED BY DYSREGULATION OF CYTOKINES. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-INDUCED GENE 3 (EBI3) ENCODES A SUBUNIT IN THE UNIQUE HETERODIMERIC IL-12 CYTOKINE FAMILY OF EITHER PRO- OR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTION. AFTER HAVING RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED THAT UPREGULATION OF EBI3 BY HISTONE ACETYLATION ALLEVIATES DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN A DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-TREATED MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC COLITIS, WE NOW AIMED TO EXAMINE A POSSIBLE FURTHER EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF EBI3 BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. TREATMENT WITH THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (DNMTI) DECITABINE (DAC) AND TNFALPHA LED TO SYNERGISTIC UPREGULATION OF EBI3 IN HUMAN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS (HCEC). USE OF DIFFERENT SIGNALING PATHWAY INHIBITORS INDICATED NFKAPPAB SIGNALING WAS NECESSARY AND PROPORTIONAL TO THE SYNERGISTIC EBI3 INDUCTION. MALDI-TOF/MS AND HPLC-ESI-MS/MS ANALYSIS OF DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC IDENTIFIED IL-12P35 AS THE MOST PROBABLE BINDING PARTNER TO FORM A FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN. EBI3/IL-12P35 HETERODIMERS (IL-35) INDUCE THEIR OWN GENE UPREGULATION, SOMETHING THAT WAS INDEED OBSERVED IN HCEC CULTURED WITH MEDIA FROM PREVIOUSLY DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT UNDER INFLAMMATORY AND DEMETHYLATING CONDITIONS THE UPREGULATION OF EBI3 RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IL-35, WHICH MIGHT BE CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN COLITIS. 2021 19 1016 19 CIITA EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ENZYMES AND HAS A ROLE IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PRE-FORMED FIBRIL-INDUCED ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MURINE MICROGLIAL CELL LINE. AIM: PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER RELATED WITH SEVERAL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS, HISTONE ACETYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECTS OF THE INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION ON ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MICROGLIAL CELLS WHICH WERE INDUCED BY PRE-FORMED FIBRILS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN). METHODS: PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL WAS CREATED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION TO THE BV-2 MICROGLIAL CELLS. BV-2 CELLS WERE CO-TREATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 TO INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. ANTIGEN REPRESENTATION WAS EVALUATED BY DETERMINING EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX-II (MHC-II) AND CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (CIITA). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED MHC-II EXPRESSION, AND THAT EFFECT WAS MOST SEVERE AT 6 H OF ADMINISTRATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION VIA CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 ENHANCED MHC-II LEVELS EXPRESSION, WHICH WAS MORE SEVERE IN CUDC-907. ADDITIONALLY, CIITA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION AND INTENSIFIED WITH THE CO-TREATMENT OF CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. FURTHERMORE, PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN CAUSED A TIME-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN THE IFN-GAMMA (IFN-?) AND INTERLEUKIN-16(IL-16) LEVELS, AND THAT INCREASE WAS POTENTIATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. CONCLUSION: CHANGES IN MHC-II AND CIITA EXPRESSION INDICATE THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASES THE ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PROPERTIES OF MICROGLIAL CELLS AFTER PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN OR HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR (HDACI) ADMINISTRATION. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT MICROGLIAL ANTIGEN PRESENTATION MIGHT HAVE AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN LIKELY TO PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN THIS MECHANISM. 2022 20 3239 17 HEPATIC INACTIVATION OF THE TYPE 2 DEIODINASE CONFERS RESISTANCE TO ALCOHOLIC LIVER STEATOSIS. BACKGROUND: A MOUSE WITH HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC DEIODINASE TYPE II INACTIVATION (ALB-D2KO) IS RESISTANT TO DIET-INDUCED OBESITY, HEPATIC STEATOSIS, AND HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA DUE TO PERINATAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN THE LIVER. THIS PHENOTYPE IS LINKED TO LOW LEVELS OF ZFP125, A HEPATIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR THAT PROMOTES LIVER STEATOSIS BY INHIBITING GENES INVOLVED IN PACKAGING AND SECRETION OF VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN. METHODS: HERE, WE USED CHRONIC AND BINGE ETHANOL (ETOH) IN MICE TO CAUSE LIVER STEATOSIS. RESULTS: THE ETOH TREATMENT CAUSES A 2.3-FOLD INCREASE IN HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT; ZFP125 LEVELS WERE APPROXIMATELY 50% HIGHER IN THESE ANIMALS. IN CONTRAST, ALB-D2KO MICE DID NOT DEVELOP ETOH-INDUCED LIVER STEATOSIS. THEY ALSO FAILED TO ELEVATE ZFP125 TO THE SAME LEVELS, DESPITE BEING ON THE ETOH-CONTAINING DIET FOR THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME. THEIR PHENOTYPE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH 1.3- TO 2.9-FOLD UP-REGULATION OF HEPATIC GENES INVOLVED IN LIPID TRANSPORT AND EXPORT THAT ARE NORMALLY REPRESSED BY ZFP125, THAT IS, MTTP, ABCA1, LDLR, APOC1, APOC3, APOE, APOH, AND AZGP1. FURTHERMORE, GENES INVOLVED IN THE ETOH METABOLIC PATHWAY, THAT IS, ALDH2 AND ACSS2, WERE ALSO 1.6- TO 3.1-FOLD UP-REGULATED IN ALB-D2KO ETOH MICE COMPARED WITH CONTROL ANIMALS KEPT ON ETOH. CONCLUSIONS: ETOH CONSUMPTION ELEVATES EXPRESSION OF ZFP125. ALB-D2KO ANIMALS, WHICH HAVE LOWER LEVELS OF ZFP125, ARE MUCH LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO ETOH-INDUCED LIVER STEATOSIS. 2019