1 2739 100 EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION DISRUPTS CIRCADIAN RHYTHM THROUGH ALTERATIONS IN CHROMATIN DYNAMICS. PARTICULATE MATTER </=2.5MUM (PM(2.5)) AIR POLLUTION IS A LEADING ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR CONTRIBUTING DISPROPORTIONATELY TO THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE. WE COMPARED IMPACT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO PM(2.5) ALONE, OR WITH LIGHT AT NIGHT EXPOSURE (LL) ON METABOLISM. PM(2.5) INDUCED PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM (CR) DYSFUNCTION, AND METABOLIC AND BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE (BAT) DYSFUNCTION, AKIN TO LL (WITH NO ADDITIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN PM(2.5) AND LL). TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF LIVER AND BAT REVEALED WIDESPREAD BUT UNIQUE ALTERATIONS IN CR GENES, WITH EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIALLY ACCESSIBLE PROMOTERS AND ENHANCERS OF CR GENES IN RESPONSE TO PM(2.5) BY ATAC-SEQ. THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES 2, 3, AND 4 WERE DOWNREGULATED WITH PM(2.5) EXPOSURE, WITH INCREASED PROMOTER OCCUPANCY BY THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE P300 AS EVIDENCED BY CHIP-SEQ. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED ROLE OF PM(2.5) IN PROMOTING CR DISRUPTION AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CIRCADIAN TARGETS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
2  301  28 AIR POLLUTION ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS: TRANSGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE AND UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS. AIR POLLUTION IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATHS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES INCLUDING INDIA. EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS AFFECTS VITAL CELLULAR MECHANISMS AND IS INTIMATELY LINKED WITH THE ETIOLOGY OF A NUMBER OF CHRONIC DISEASES. EARLIER WORK FROM OUR LABORATORY HAS SHOWN THAT AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER DISTURBS THE MITOCHONDRIAL MACHINERY AND CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO THE EPIGENOME. MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES POSSESS THE ABILITY TO TRIGGER REDOX-SENSITIVE SIGNALING MECHANISMS AND INDUCE IRREVERSIBLE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES. THE ELECTROPHILIC NATURE OF REACTIVE METABOLITES CAN DIRECTLY RESULT IN DEPROTONATION OF CYTOSINE AT C-5 POSITION OR INTERFERE WITH THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES ACTIVITY TO CAUSE ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION. IN ADDITION, IT ALSO PERTURBS LEVEL OF CELLULAR METABOLITES CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES LIKE ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION OF HISTONE CODE AND DNA HYPO OR HYPERMETHYLATION. INTERESTINGLY, THESE MODIFICATIONS MAY PERSIST THROUGH DOWNSTREAM GENERATIONS AND RESULT IN THE TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENOMIC INHERITANCE. THIS PHENOMENON OF SUBSEQUENT TRANSFER OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IS MAINLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE GERM CELLS AND RELIES ON THE GERMLINE STABILITY OF THE EPIGENETIC STATES. OVERALL, THE RECENT LITERATURE SUPPORTS, AND ARGUABLY STRENGTHENS, THE CONTENTION THAT AIR POLLUTION MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO TRANSMISSION OF EPIMUTATIONS FROM GAMETES TO ZYGOTES BY INVOLVING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, PARENTAL ALLELE IMPRINTING, HISTONE WITHHOLDING AND NON-CODING RNAS. HOWEVER, LARGER PROSPECTIVE STUDIES USING INNOVATIVE, INTEGRATED EPIGENOME-WIDE METABOLOMIC STRATEGY ARE HIGHLY WARRANTED TO ASSESS THE AIR POLLUTION INDUCED TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE AND ASSOCIATED HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 2119  32 EPIGENETIC HISTONE MODIFICATION REGULATES DEVELOPMENTAL LEAD EXPOSURE INDUCED HYPERACTIVITY IN RATS. LEAD (PB) EXPOSURE WAS COMMONLY CONSIDERED AS A HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD). HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THIS PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS STILL REMAINS ELUSIVE. IN LIGHT OF THE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN MODULATING THE NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE AND THE CAUSATIVE ENVIRONMENT, THE ALTERATIONS OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS EXPOSED BY VARIOUS DOSES OF LEAD, ALONG WITH CONCOMITANT BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS, WERE INVESTIGATED IN THIS STUDY. ACCORDING TO THE FREE AND FORCED OPEN FIELD TEST, THERE SHOWED THAT IN A DOSAGE-DEPENDENT MANNER, LEAD EXPOSURE COULD RESULT IN THE INCREASED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY OF RATS, THAT IS, HYPERACTIVITY: A SUBTYPE OF ADHD. WESTERN BLOTTING ASSAYS REVEALED THAT THE LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS BY CHRONIC LEAD EXPOSURE, WHILE NO DRAMATIC CHANGES WERE DETECTED IN TERMS OF EXPRESSION YIELDS OF ADHD-RELATED DOPAMINERGIC PROTEINS, INDICATING THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION PLAYS ESSENTIAL ROLES IN THIS TOXICANT-INVOLVED PATHOGENESIS. IN ADDITION, THE INCREASED LEVEL OF HISTONE ACETYLATION MIGHT BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF P300, A TYPICAL HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, AS THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL OF P300 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED UPON HIGHER-DOSE PB EXPOSURE. IN SUMMARY, THIS STUDY FIRST DISCOVERED THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM BRIDGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE (PB) AND THE DISEASE ITSELF (ADHD) IN THE HISTONE MODIFICATION LEVEL, PAVING THE WAY FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF ADHD'S ETIOLOGY AND IN FURTHER STEPS, ESTABLISHING THE THERAPY STRATEGY OF THIS WIDESPREAD NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
4 1567  31 DNA METHYLATION OF THE KLF14 GENE REGION IN WHOLE BLOOD CELLS PROVIDES PREDICTION FOR THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 14 (KLF14) GENE, WHICH APPEARS TO BE A MASTER REGULATOR OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY LARGE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. IN ORDER TO FIND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON AGEING AND OBESITY, WHICH ARE T2D RISK FACTORS, AND EXAMINES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGES. WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE KLF14 PROMOTER REGION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE FOR COMPARING AGING AND WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE SITES WERE INCREASED WITH AGING AND WEIGHT IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE KIDNEY, THE LUNG, THE COLON AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. IN ADDITION, IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD, THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY LEVELS. MOREOVER, NOT ONLY KLF14, BUT ALSO EXPRESSION LEVELS OF SOME DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE DECREASED WITH METHYLATION IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION CHANGES OF KLF14 IN THOSE TISSUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION ON THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF OBESITY AND T2D. IN ADDITION, THE METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS MAY SERVE AS A PREDICTIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5 3042  29 GENOME-WIDE ALTERATION OF HISTONE METHYLATION PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN MICE. INORGANIC ARSENIC IS A XENOBIOTIC ENTERING THE BODY PRIMARILY THROUGH CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER AND FOOD. THERE ARE DEFINED MECHANISMS THAT DESCRIBE ARSENIC'S ASSOCIATION WITH INCREASED CANCER INCIDENCE, HOWEVER MECHANISMS EXPLAINING ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OR AGING DISORDERS ARE POORLY DEFINED. IN RECENT YEARS, ARSENIC EFFECTS ON EPIGENOME HAVE BECOME A PARTICULAR FOCUS. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT HUMAN RELEVANT ARSENIC EXPOSURE DURING PARTICULAR DEVELOPMENTAL WINDOWS, OR LONG-TERM EXPOSURE LATER IN LIFE INDUCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL NEURAL CHANGES THROUGH EPIGENOMIC ALTERATIONS, IN PARTICULAR HISTONE METHYLATION PROFILE, MANIFESTING AS COGNITIVE DECLINE. C57BL/6 WILD-TYPE MICE WERE CONTINUALLY EXPOSED TO SODIUM ARSENITE (100 MICROG/L) IN DRINKING WATER PRIOR TO MATING THROUGH WEANING OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGENY. A SECOND COHORT OF AGED APP/PS MICE WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO THE SAME LEVEL OF ARSENIC. COGNITIVE TESTING, HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF BRAINS AND GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION LEVELS OF H3K4ME3 AND H3K27ME3 EXAMINED AFTER CHIP-SEQ WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE. DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE CAUSED SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINISHED COGNITION IN WILD-TYPE MICE. THE ANALYSIS OF CHIP-SEQ DATA AND EXPERIMENTS WITH MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS DEMONSTRATED THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY ARSENIC EXPOSURE TRANSLATED INTO GENE EXPRESSION ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE. INCREASED HIPPOCAMPAL AMYLOID PLAQUES LEVELS OF APP/PS MICE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE PROVIDED EVIDENCE THAT ARSENIC EXPOSURE AGGRAVATED AN EXISTING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE PHENOTYPE. WE SHOW DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTS HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN BRAIN WHICH REMAIN PRESENT INTO ADULTHOOD AND PROVIDE A POTENTIAL MECHANISM BY WHICH DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INFLUENCES COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS. WE ALSO SHOW THAT HUMAN RELEVANT, CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE HAS DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON ADULT APP/PS MICE AND EXACERBATES EXISTING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE SYMPTOMS. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE HOW DEVELOPMENTAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE IMPACTS THE BRAIN EPIGENOME, LEADING TO ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION LATER IN LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                        
6 5894  26 T CELL EPIGENETIC REMODELING AND ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING ARE LINKED TO LONG-TERM IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS. BACKGROUND: CANCER TREATMENTS HAVE SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVAL BUT ARE ACCOMPANIED BY LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS, NOTABLY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT CANCER TREATMENTS COULD LEAD TO LONG-TERM EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN IMMUNE CELLS, RESULTING IN INCREASED PREVALENCE OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN CANCER SURVIVORS. RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ESTABLISHED THE EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES OF IMMUNE CELLS FROM 44 CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS (CCS, > 16 YEARS OLD) ON FULL REMISSION (> 5 YEARS) WHO HAD RECEIVED CHEMOTHERAPY ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION (TBI) AND HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT (HSCT). WE FOUND THAT MORE THAN 10 YEARS POST-TREATMENT, CCS TREATED WITH TBI/HSCT SHOWED AN ALTERED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE IN T CELL, PARTICULARLY AT GENES CONTROLLING IMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. DNA METHYLATION REMODELING IN T CELL WAS PARTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC EXPRESSION CHANGES OF NEARBY GENES, INCREASED FREQUENCY OF TYPE 1 CYTOKINE-PRODUCING T CELL, ELEVATED SYSTEMIC LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES, AND OVER-ACTIVATION OF RELATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS. SURVIVORS EXPOSED TO TBI/HSCT WERE FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY AN EPIGENETIC-AGING-SIGNATURE OF T CELL CONSISTENT WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING. TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF IRRADIATION TO THESE CHANGES, WE ESTABLISHED TWO CELL CULTURE MODELS. WE IDENTIFIED THAT RADIATION PARTIALLY RECAPITULATED THE IMMUNE CHANGES OBSERVED IN SURVIVORS THROUGH A BYSTANDER EFFECT THAT COULD BE MEDIATED BY CIRCULATING FACTORS. CONCLUSION: CANCER TREATMENTS, IN PARTICULAR TBI/HSCT, ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM IMMUNE DISTURBANCES. WE PROPOSE THAT EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF IMMUNE CELLS FOLLOWING CANCER THERAPY AUGMENTS INFLAMMATORY- AND AGE-RELATED DISEASES, INCLUDING METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS, IN CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  540  27 ATMOSPHERIC FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AND EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN PULMONARY CELLS: STATE OF THE ART AND CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE IN VITRO STUDIES. EXPOSURE TO FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM(2.5)) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERAL DISEASES INCLUDING ASTHMA, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND LUNG CANCER. MECHANISMS SUCH AS OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION ARE WELL-DOCUMENTED AND ARE CONSIDERED AS THE STARTING POINT OF SOME OF THE PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSES. HOWEVER, A NUMBER OF STUDIES ALSO FOCUSED ON EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT), WHICH IS A BIOLOGICAL PROCESS INVOLVED IN FIBROTIC DISEASES AND CANCER PROGRESSION NOTABLY VIA METASTASIS INDUCTION. UP UNTIL NOW, EMT WAS WIDELY REPORTED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN VARIOUS CELL TYPES BUT INVESTIGATIONS DEALING WITH IN VITRO STUDIES OF PM(2.5) INDUCED EMT IN PULMONARY CELLS ARE LIMITED. FURTHER, FEW INVESTIGATIONS COMBINED THE NECESSARY ENDPOINTS FOR VALIDATION OF THE EMT STATE IN CELLS: SUCH AS EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL SURFACE, CYTOSKELETON OR EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX BIOMARKERS AND ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION MARKERS AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. STUDIES EXPLORED VARIOUS CELL TYPES, CULTURED UNDER DIFFERING CONDITIONS AND EXPOSED FOR VARIOUS DURATIONS TO DIFFERENT DOSES. SUCH UNHARMONIZED PROTOCOLS (1) MIGHT INTRODUCE BIAS, (2) MAKE DIFFICULT COMPARISON OF RESULTS AND (3) PRECLUDE REACHING A DEFINITIVE CONCLUSION REGARDING THE ABILITY OF AIRBORNE PM(2.5) TO INDUCE EMT IN PULMONARY CELLS. SOME QUESTIONS REMAIN, IN PARTICULAR THE SPECIFIC PM(2.5) COMPONENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR EMT TRIGGERING. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO EXAMINE THE AVAILABLE PM(2.5) INDUCED EMT IN VITRO STUDIES ON PULMONARY CELLS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE CRITICAL PARAMETERS CONSIDERED TO CARRY OUT FUTURE RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD. THIS CLARIFICATION APPEARS NECESSARY FOR PRODUCTION OF RELIABLE AND COMPARABLE RESULTS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
8 2022  32 EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF CHILDHOOD ALLERGIC ASTHMA. DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA IN CHILDHOOD IS LINKED TO VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT IN EARLY LIFE, WITH SUBSEQUENT CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ALLERGENS. PROGRESSION TO PERSISTENT ASTHMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH A TH2-BIASED IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND STRUCTURAL REMODELLING OF THE AIRWAYS. THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR, BUT COULD INVOLVE EPIGENETIC CHANGES. TO INVESTIGATE THIS, WE EMPLOYED A RECENTLY DEVELOPED MOUSE MODEL IN WHICH SELF-LIMITED NEONATAL INFECTION WITH A PNEUMOVIRUS, FOLLOWED BY SENSITISATION TO OVALBUMIN VIA THE RESPIRATORY TRACT AND LOW-LEVEL CHRONIC CHALLENGE WITH AEROSOLISED ANTIGEN, LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASTHMATIC PHENOTYPE. WE ASSESSED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA BY CELLS IN THE PROXIMAL AIRWAYS, COMPARING CHANGES OVER THE PERIOD OF DISEASE PROGRESSION, AND USED TARGET PREDICTION DATABASES TO IDENTIFY GENES LIKELY TO BE UP- OR DOWNREGULATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ALTERED REGULATION OF MICRORNA. IN PARALLEL, WE ASSESSED DNA METHYLATION IN PULMONARY CD4(+) T CELLS. WE FOUND THAT A LIMITED NUMBER OF MICRORNAS EXHIBITED MARKED UP- OR DOWNREGULATION FOLLOWING EARLY-LIFE INFECTION AND SENSITISATION, FOR MANY OF WHICH THE LEVELS OF EXPRESSION WERE FURTHER CHANGED FOLLOWING CHRONIC CHALLENGE WITH THE SENSITIZING ANTIGEN. TARGETS OF THESE MICRORNAS INCLUDED GENES INVOLVED IN IMMUNE OR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES (E.G. GATA3, KITL) AND IN TISSUE REMODELLING (E.G. IGF1, TGFBR1), AS WELL AS GENES FOR VARIOUS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS AND SIGNALLING PROTEINS. IN PULMONARY CD4(+) T CELLS, THERE WAS SIGNIFICANT DEMETHYLATION AT PROMOTER SITES FOR INTERLEUKIN-4 AND INTERFERON-GAMMA, THE LATTER INCREASING FOLLOWING CHRONIC CHALLENGE. WE CONCLUDE THAT, IN THIS MODEL, PROGRESSION TO AN ASTHMATIC PHENOTYPE IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND STRUCTURAL REMODELLING, AND WITH T-CELL COMMITMENT TO A TH2 IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THIS PATTERN OF GENE ACTIVATION MIGHT PLAY A ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9  887  30 CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO NEUROENDOCRINE DYSREGULATION IN ADULTHOOD. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC EARLY LIFE STRESS CAN AFFECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE STRESS SYSTEM, LEADING TO ITS PERSISTENT DYSREGULATION AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED DISEASE RISK IN ADULTHOOD. ONE CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IS THOUGHT TO BE EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC CORTISOL EXPOSURE DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS TREATED CHRONICALLY WITH CORTISOL DEVELOP INTO ADULTS WITH CONSTITUTIVELY ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL AND ABERRANT IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION. HERE WE FURTHER CHARACTERIZE THAT PHENOTYPE BY ASSESSING PERSISTENT EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT ON CORTISOL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS, CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY, AND ACTIVITIES OF GLUCOCORTICOID-RESPONSIVE REGULATORY GENES KLF9 AND FKBP5. TO THAT END CORTISOL LEVELS IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF FED AND FASTED ADULTS WERE MEASURED USING ELISA, OPEN CHROMATIN IN ADULT BLOOD CELLS WAS MAPPED USING ATAC-SEQ, AND GENE ACTIVITY IN ADULT BLOOD AND BRAIN CELLS WAS MEASURED USING QRT-PCR. RESULTS: ADULTS DERIVED FROM CORTISOL-TREATED EMBRYOS HAVE ELEVATED WHOLE-BODY CORTISOL WITH ABERRANTLY REGULATED TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS THAT CORRELATE WITH DIFFERENTIAL ACTIVITY OF KLF9 AND FKBP5 IN BLOOD AND BRAIN.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
10 3418  23 HUMAN HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTALLY-MODULATED GENE EXPRESSION: POTENTIAL ROLES OF ELF-EMF INDUCED EPIGENETIC VERSUS MUTAGENIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE IF THERE MIGHT BE BIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES AFTER EXPOSURES TO EXTREMELY-LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (ELF-EMF), EITHER EXPERIMENTALLY OR EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY, MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE POTENTIAL MEANS BY WHICH ANY ENVIRONMENTAL AGENT CAN AFFECT CELLS IN A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM HAS TO BE REVIEWED. THE GOAL OF THIS LIMITED REVIEW IS TO DEMONSTRATE THAT, WHILE THE PREVAILING PARADIGM OF THE ENVIRONMENTALLY-INDUCED ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES INVOLVES EITHER CELL KILLING (CYTOTOXICITY) OR GENE/CHROMOSOME MUTATIONS (GENOTOXICITY), ALTERATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION AT THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL (TURNING GENES "ON" OR "OFF"), TRANSLATIONAL (STABILIZING OR DE-STABILIZING THE GENETIC MESSAGE), OR POSTTRANSLATIONAL (ALTERING THE GENE PRODUCT OR PROTEIN) LEVELS HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CONTRIBUTE TO VARIOUS DISEASES. THIS LATTER MECHANISM, "EPIGENETIC" TOXICITY, UNLIKE THE FORMER TWO WHICH ARE IRREVERSIBLE, IS CHARACTERIZED BY THRESHOLD-LIKE ACTION, MULTIPLE BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS AND CHRONIC, REGULAR EXPOSURES TO BE EFFECTIVE. ULTIMATELY, EPIGENETIC TOXICANTS AFFECT ONE OF FOUR POTENTIAL CELL STATES, NAMELY ALTERATION OF CELL PROLIFERATION, CELL DIFFERENTIATION, PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH (APOPTOSIS) OR ADAPTIVE RESPONSES OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS.	2000	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11 5189  23 PRENATAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE INDUCES IMMUNOMETABOLIC ALTERATION AND RENAL INJURY IN RATS. ARSENIC (AS) EXPOSURE IS PROGRESSIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), A LEADING PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN PRESENT WORLDWIDE. THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF AS EXPOSURE ON THE KIDNEYS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AS ENDEMIC AREAS HAVE NOT BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED. FURTHERMORE, THE IMPACT OF ONLY PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO AS ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD ALSO HAS NOT BEEN FULLY CHARACTERIZED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO LOW DOSES OF AS 0.04 AND 0.4 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT (0.04 AND 0.4 PPM, RESPECTIVELY) ON THE PROGRESSION OF CKD IN MALE OFFSPRING USING A WISTAR RAT MODEL. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE WAS SUFFICIENT TO ELEVATE THE EXPRESSION OF PROFIBROTIC (TGF-BETA1) AND PROINFLAMMATORY (IL-1ALPHA, MIP-2ALPHA, RANTES, AND TNF-ALPHA) CYTOKINES AT 2-DAY, 12- AND 38-WEEK TIME POINTS IN THE EXPOSED PROGENY. FURTHER, ALTERATION IN ADIPOGENIC FACTORS (GHRELIN, LEPTIN, AND GLUCAGON) WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN 12- AND 38-WEEK OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. AN ALTERED LEVEL OF THESE FACTORS COINCIDES WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS ACCOMPANIED BY PROGRESSIVE KIDNEY DAMAGE. WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN THE DEPOSITION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPONENTS AND GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DAMAGE IN THE KIDNEYS OF 38-WEEK-OLD MALE OFFSPRING PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO AS. FURTHERMORE, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA1 IN KIDNEYS CORRESPONDS WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TGF-BETA1 GENE-BODY, INDICATING A POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC MODULATIONS OF TGF-BETA1 EXPRESSION. OUR STUDY PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT PRENATAL AS EXPOSURE TO MALES CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT THE IMMUNOMETABOLISM OF OFFSPRING WHICH CAN PROMOTE KIDNEY DAMAGE LATER IN LIFE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12  315  25 ALCOHOL, DNA METHYLATION, AND CANCER. CANCER IS ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, AND CHRONIC DRINKING IS A STRONG RISK FACTOR FOR CANCER, PARTICULARLY OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT, LIVER, COLORECTUM, AND BREAST. SEVERAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO ALCOHOL-INDUCED CANCER DEVELOPMENT (I.E., CARCINOGENESIS), INCLUDING THE ACTIONS OF ACETALDEHYDE, THE FIRST AND PRIMARY METABOLITE OF ETHANOL, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. HOWEVER, INCREASING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT ABERRANT PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION, AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL, ALSO COULD BE PART OF THE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS THAT LEAD TO ALCOHOL-INDUCED CANCER DEVELOPMENT. THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON GLOBAL AND LOCAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS LIKELY ARE MEDIATED BY ITS ABILITY TO INTERFERE WITH THE AVAILABILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL BIOLOGICAL METHYL DONOR, S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE (SAME), AS WELL AS PATHWAYS RELATED TO IT. SEVERAL MECHANISMS MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON DNA METHYLATION, INCLUDING REDUCED FOLATE LEVELS AND INHIBITION OF KEY ENZYMES IN ONE-CARBON METABOLISM THAT ULTIMATELY LEAD TO LOWER SAME LEVELS, AS WELL AS INHIBITION OF ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION (I.E., DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES). FINALLY, VARIATIONS (I.E., POLYMORPHISMS) OF SEVERAL GENES INVOLVED IN ONE-CARBON METABOLISM ALSO MODULATE THE RISK OF ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED CARCINOGENESIS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13 1362  20 DEVELOPMENTAL EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMING OF ADULT GERM CELL DEATH DISEASE: POLYCOMB PROTEIN EZH2-MIR-101 PATHWAY. AIM: THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGIN OF HEALTH AND DISEASE REFERS TO THE CONCEPT THAT EARLY EXPOSURE TO TOXICANTS OR NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES DURING PERINATAL LIFE INDUCES CHANGES THAT ENHANCE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ADULTHOOD. PATIENTS/MATERIALS & METHODS: AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL WITH AN ADULT CHRONIC GERM CELL DEATH PHENOTYPE RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO A XENOESTROGEN WAS USED. RESULTS: A RECIPROCAL NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP INVOLVING DECREASED EZH2 PROTEIN LEVEL AND INCREASED MIR-101 EXPRESSION WAS IDENTIFIED. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO KNOCKDOWN OF EZH2 INDUCED AN APOPTOTIC PROCESS IN GERM CELLS THROUGH INCREASED LEVELS OF APOPTOTIC FACTORS (BIM AND BAD) AND DNA REPAIR ALTERATION VIA TOPOISOMERASE 2B DEREGULATION. THE INCREASED MIR-101 LEVELS WERE OBSERVED IN THE ANIMAL BLOOD, MEANING THAT MIR-101 MAY BE A PART OF A CIRCULATING MARK OF GERM CELL DEATH. CONCLUSION: MIR-101-EZH2 PATHWAY DEREGULATION COULD REPRESENT A NOVEL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EPIGENETIC BASIS FOR ADULT GERM CELL DISEASE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14 1326  18 DEPLETION OF NUCLEAR HISTONE H2A VARIANTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DNA DAMAGE SIGNALING UPON DRUG-EVOKED SENESCENCE OF HUMAN SOMATIC CELLS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL CHROMATIN CHANGES, ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION, AND ACTIVATION OF CHRONIC DNA DAMAGE SIGNALING. THESE EVENTS ULTIMATELY LEAD TO MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN PRIMARY CELLS. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC DNA DAMAGE SIGNALS CAUSED BY GENOTOXIC STRESS IMPACT THE EXPRESSION OF HISTONES H2A FAMILY MEMBERS AND LEAD TO THEIR DEPLETION IN THE NUCLEI OF SENESCENT HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. OUR DATA REINFORCE THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PROGRESSIVE CHROMATIN DESTABILIZATION MAY LEAD TO THE LOSS OF EPIGENETIC INFORMATION AND IMPAIRED CELLULAR FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC DNA DAMAGE UPON DRUG-EVOKED SENESCENCE. WE PROPOSE THAT CHANGES IN THE HISTONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY MAY DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTE TO CELLULAR AGING. IN ADDITION, WE ALSO OUTLINE THE METHOD THAT ALLOWS FOR QUANTITATIVE AND UNBIASED MEASUREMENT OF THESE CHANGES.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15 4391  25 MODERATE EXERCISE INDUCES TRAINED IMMUNITY IN MACROPHAGES. DESPITE ITS IMPORTANCE IN PROTECTING THE HOST FROM INFECTIONS AND INJURY, EXCESSIVE INFLAMMATION MAY LEAD TO SERIOUS HUMAN DISEASES INCLUDING AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, DIABETES, AND CANCER. EXERCISE IS A KNOWN IMMUNOMODULATOR; HOWEVER, WHETHER EXERCISE CAUSES LONG-TERM CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES AND HOW THESE CHANGES OCCUR ARE LACKING. HERE, WE SHOW THAT CHRONIC MODERATE-INTENSITY TRAINING OF MICE LEADS TO PERSISTENT METABOLIC REWIRING AND CHANGES TO CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY IN BONE MARROW-DERIVED MACROPHAGES (BMDMS), WHICH, IN TURN, TEMPERS THEIR INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES. WE SHOW THAT BMDMS FROM EXERCISED MICE EXHIBITED A DECREASE IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)-INDUCED NF-KAPPAB ACTIVATION AND PROINFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION ALONG WITH AN INCREASE IN M2-LIKE-ASSOCIATED GENES WHEN COMPARED WITH BMDMS FROM SEDENTARY MICE. THIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED MITOCHONDRIAL QUALITY AND INCREASED RELIANCE ON OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ACCOMPANIED WITH REDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) PRODUCTION. MECHANISTICALLY, ASSAY FOR TRANSPOSASE-ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN (ATAC)-SEQ ANALYSIS SHOWED CHANGES IN CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC PATHWAYS. OVERALL, OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC MODERATE EXERCISE CAN INFLUENCE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF MACROPHAGES BY REPROGRAMMING THEIR METABOLIC AND EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLAIN HOW LONG-TERM MODERATE EXERCISE TRAINING CAN REDUCE INFLAMMATION IN MOUSE MACROPHAGES BY REPROGRAMMING THE WAY THEY SENSE AND RESPOND TO THE PRESENCE OF PATHOGENS. WE COMPLETED A THOROUGH ANALYSIS AND SHOWED THAT THESE CHANGES PERSIST IN MACROPHAGES BECAUSE EXERCISE IMPROVES THE ABILITY OF CELLS TO UTILIZE OXYGEN WITHOUT PRODUCING DAMAGING COMPOUNDS, AND CHANGES THE WAY THEY ACCESS THEIR DNA.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
16 2002  22 EPIGENETIC AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION SUPPORT METABOLIC SUPPRESSION IN CHRONICALLY HYPOXIC GOLDFISH. GOLDFISH ENTER A HYPOMETABOLIC STATE TO SURVIVE CHRONIC HYPOXIA. WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED TISSUE-SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION REMODELING AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION TO METABOLIC SUPPRESSION ACROSS DIFFERENT GOLDFISH TISSUES. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR AND ESPECIALLY EPIGENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF HYPOXIA TOLERANCE IN GOLDFISH UNDER METABOLIC SUPPRESSION ARE NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD. HERE WE SHOW THAT COMPONENTS OF THE MOLECULAR OXYGEN-SENSING MACHINERY ARE ROBUSTLY ACTIVATED ACROSS TISSUES IRRESPECTIVE OF HYPOXIA DURATION. INDUCTION OF GENE EXPRESSION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN DNA METHYLATION TURNOVER AND MICRORNA BIOGENESIS SUGGEST A ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL SUPPRESSION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HYPOXIA-ACCLIMATED BRAIN. CONVERSELY, MECHANISTIC TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN-DEPENDENT TRANSLATIONAL MACHINERY ACTIVITY IS NOT REDUCED IN LIVER AND WHITE MUSCLE, SUGGESTING THIS PATHWAY DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO LOWERING CELLULAR ENERGY EXPENDITURE. FINALLY, MOLECULAR EVIDENCE SUPPORTS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED CHRONIC HYPOXIA-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL, LIPID METABOLISM AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION VIA CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTS INVOLVED IN CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS, BETA-OXIDATION, AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUSION IN MULTIPLE TISSUES. OVERALL, THIS STUDY SHOWS THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA ROBUSTLY INDUCES EXPRESSION OF OXYGEN-SENSING MACHINERY ACROSS TISSUES, INDUCES REPRESSIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC MARKS ESPECIALLY IN THE CHRONIC HYPOXIA-ACCLIMATED BRAIN AND SUPPORTS A ROLE FOR MEMBRANE REMODELING AND MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND DYNAMICS IN PROMOTING METABOLIC SUPPRESSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17 2332  26 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN INSULIN RESISTANCE. EPIGENETICS FOCUSES ON THE STUDY OF CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION BASED ON MODIFICATIONS THAT DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE DNA SEQUENCE, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, POST-TRANSLATIONAL HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND NON-CODING RNA. EPIGENETIC CHANGES REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES, INCLUDING INFLAMMATORY ONES. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR), WHICH IS CHARACTERISTIC OF INTER ALIA TYPE 2 DIABETES. RECENTLY, IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT ALTERED EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE IN THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF INFLAMMATORY GENES MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF IR. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO PRESENT THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN IR. IT INCLUDES ORIGINAL PAPERS PUBLISHED FROM 2014 TO 2022. IT APPEARS THAT HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE SOCS3 GENE INCREASES THE RISK OF IR, WHILE THE ALTERATION OF H3K4ME IN THE NF-KB PROMOTER PROMOTES CHANGES IN INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE. FINALLY, IN HYPERGLYCEMIC STATES ASSOCIATED WITH IR, ALTERED LEVELS OF H3K4/K9M3 AND H3K9/K14AC RESULT IN INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IL-6. IN ADDITION, NUMEROUS MIRNAS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED THAT MAY BECOME A TARGET IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DISEASES RELATED TO INFLAMMATION AND IR. FUTURE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF IR INFLAMMATORY MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
18 3801  33 INTERPLAY OF VITAMIN D AND SIRT1 IN TISSUE-SPECIFIC METABOLISM-POTENTIAL ROLES IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES INCLUDING CANCER. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, INCLUDING OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, TYPE 2 DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, AND CANCER, IS INCREASING AS A REQUIREMENT OF THE AGING POPULATION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HEALTHCARE. SIMILARLY, THE 2013-2030 ACTION PLAN OF THE WHO FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES SEEKS THESE ACHIEVEMENTS. ADEQUATE LIFESTYLE CHANGES, ALONE OR WITH THE NECESSARY TREATMENTS, COULD REDUCE THE RISK OF MORTALITY OR THE DETERIORATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE. IN OUR RECENT WORK, WE SUMMARIZED THE ROLE OF TWO CENTRAL FACTORS, I.E., APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF VITAMIN D AND SIRT1, WHICH ARE CONNECTED TO ADEQUATE LIFESTYLES WITH BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. BOTH OF THESE FACTORS HAVE RECEIVED INCREASED ATTENTION IN RELATION TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS THEY BOTH TAKE PART IN REGULATION OF THE MAIN METABOLIC PROCESSES, I.E., LIPID/GLUCOSE/ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, REDOX BALANCE, AND CELL FATE, AS WELL AS IN THE HEALTHY REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. VITAMIN D AND SIRT1 HAVE DIRECT AND INDIRECT INFLUENCE OF THE REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND ARE RELATED TO CYTOPLASMIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS SUCH AS PLC/DAG/IP3/PKC/MAPK, MEK/ERK, INSULIN/MTOR/CELL GROWTH, PROLIFERATION; LEPTIN/PI3K-AKT-MTORC1, AKT/NFKB/COX-2, NFKB/TNFALPHA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1BETA, AND AMPK/PGC-1ALPHA/GLUT4, AMONG OTHERS. THROUGH THEIR PROPER REGULATION, THEY MAINTAIN NORMAL BODY WEIGHT, LIPID PROFILE, INSULIN SECRETION AND SENSITIVITY, BALANCE BETWEEN THE PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS AND INFECTIONS, MAINTAIN ENDOTHELIAL HEALTH; BALANCE CELL DIFFERENTIATION, PROLIFERATION, AND FATE; AND BALANCE THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF THE CELLULAR METABOLISM. THE ROLE OF THESE TWO MOLECULES IS INTERCONNECTED IN THE MOLECULAR NETWORK, AND THEY REGULATE EACH OTHER IN SEVERAL LAYERS OF THE HOMEOSTASIS OF ENERGY AND THE CELLULAR METABOLISM. BOTH HAVE A CENTRAL ROLE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF HEALTHY AND BALANCED IMMUNE REGULATION AND REDOX REACTIONS; THEREFORE, THEY COULD CONSTITUTE PROMISING TARGETS EITHER FOR PREVENTION OR AS COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES TO ACHIEVE A BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE, AT ANY AGE, FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE AND PATIENTS UNDER CHRONIC CONDITIONS.	2023	

19 4204  26 METABOLISM, EPIGENETICS, AND CAUSAL INFERENCE IN HEART FAILURE. EUKARYOTES MUST BALANCE THE METABOLIC AND CELL DEATH ACTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA VIA CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION AND CELL FATE BY CHROMATIN, THEREBY FUNCTIONALLY BINDING THE METABOLOME AND EPIGENOME. THIS INTERACTION HAS FAR-REACHING IMPLICATIONS FOR CHRONIC DISEASES IN HUMANS, THE MOST COMMON OF WHICH ARE THOSE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. THE MOST DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HEART FAILURE, IS NOT A SINGLE DISEASE, DIAGNOSIS, OR ENDPOINT. HUMAN AND ANIMAL STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT, REGARDLESS OF ETIOLOGY AND SYMPTOMS, HEART FAILURE IS UNIVERSALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL METABOLISM AND GENE EXPRESSION - TO FRAME THIS AS CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE, HOWEVER, MAY BE TO WRONGFOOT THE QUESTION. THIS ESSAY AIMS TO CHALLENGE CURRENT THINKING ON METABOLIC-EPIGENETIC CROSSTALK IN HEART FAILURE, PRESENTING HYPOTHESES FOR HOW CHRONIC DISEASES ARISE, TAKE HOLD, AND PERSIST. WE UNPACK ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE ORDER OF OPERATIONS FOR GENE EXPRESSION AND METABOLISM, EXPLORING RECENT FINDINGS IN NONCARDIAC SYSTEMS THAT LINK METABOLIC INTERMEDIATES DIRECTLY TO CHROMATIN REMODELING. LASTLY, WE DISCUSS POTENTIAL MECHANISMS BY WHICH CHROMATIN MAY SERVE AS A SUBSTRATE FOR METABOLIC MEMORY, AND HOW CHANGES IN CELLULAR TRANSCRIPTOMES (AND HENCE IN CELLULAR BEHAVIOR) IN RESPONSE TO STRESS CORRESPOND TO GLOBAL CHANGES IN CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY AND STRUCTURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20 2279  31 EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN ALLERGIC DISEASES AND RELATED STUDIES. ASTHMA, A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE AIRWAY, HAS FEATURES OF BOTH HERITABILITY AS WELL AS ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES WHICH CAN BE INTRODUCED IN UTERO EXPOSURES AND MODIFIED THROUGH AGING, AND THE FEATURES MAY ATTRIBUTE TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION EXPLAINS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY PRENATAL MATERNAL SMOKING AND LATER ASTHMA-RELATED OUTCOMES. EPIGENETIC MARKS (DNA METHYLATION, MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONE TAILS OR NONCODING RNAS) WORK WITH OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE CELLULAR REGULATORY MACHINERY TO CONTROL THE LEVELS OF EXPRESSED GENES, AND SEVERAL ALLERGY- AND ASTHMA-RELATED GENES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION, INCLUDING GENES IMPORTANT TO T-EFFECTOR PATHWAYS (IFN-GAMMA, INTERLEUKIN [IL] 4, IL-13, IL-17) AND T-REGULATORY PATHWAYS (FOXP3). THEREFORE, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH EPIGENETIC REGULATION CONTRIBUTES TO ALLERGIC DISEASES IS A CRITICAL ISSUE. IN THE PAST MOST PUBLISHED EXPERIMENTAL WORK, WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, HAS ONLY COMPRISED SMALL OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES AND MODELS IN CELL SYSTEMS AND ANIMALS. HOWEVER, VERY RECENTLY EXCITING AND ELEGANT EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND NOVEL TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH WORKS WERE PUBLISHED WITH NEW AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES INVESTIGATING EPIGENETIC MARK ON A GENOMIC SCALE AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACHES TO DATA ANALYSIS. INTERESTINGLY, A POTENTIAL LINK BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IS REVEALED RECENTLY, PARTICULAR IN DEVELOPED AND INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES, AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS (EDCS) AS ENVIRONMENTAL HORMONE MAY PLAY A KEY ROLE. THIS REVIEW ADDRESSES THE IMPORTANT QUESTION OF HOW EDCS (NONYLPHENOL, 4 OCTYLPHENOL, AND PHTHALATES) INFLUENCES ON ASTHMA-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN IMMUNE CELLS, AND HOW ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENTS PROHIBIT EXPRESSION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. THE DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS LINKING EXPOSURE TO ALLERGIC DISEASES MIGHT LEAD TO BETTER EPIGENOTYPING OF RISK, PROGNOSIS, TREATMENT PREDICTION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPIES.	2014