1 2710 132 EXERCISE MITIGATES ALCOHOL INDUCED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS MEDIATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT THROUGH ATF6-HERP SIGNALING. CHRONIC ETHANOL/ALCOHOL (AL) DOSING CAUSES AN ELEVATION IN HOMOCYSTEINE (HCY) LEVELS, WHICH LEADS TO THE CONDITION KNOWN AS HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA (HHCY). HHCY ENHANCES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER (BBB) DISRUPTION THROUGH MODULATION OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS; IN PART BY EPIGENETIC ALTERNATION, LEADING TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. CLINICIANS HAVE RECOMMENDED EXERCISE AS A THERAPY; HOWEVER, ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS HAS NOT BEEN FULLY EXPLORED. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO OBSERVE THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE (EX) AGAINST ALCOHOL-INDUCED EPIGENETIC AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS LEADING TO CEREBROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION. WILD-TYPE MICE WERE SUBJECTED TO AL ADMINISTRATION (1.5 G/KG-BW) AND SUBSEQUENT TREADMILL EX FOR 12 WEEKS (5 DAY/WEEK@7-11 M/MIN). AL AFFECTED MOUSE BRAIN THROUGH INCREASES IN OXIDATIVE AND ER STRESS MARKERS, SAHH AND DNMTS ALTERNATION, WHILE DECREASES IN CBS, CSE, MTHFR, TIGHT-JUNCTION PROTEINS AND CELLULAR H(2)S LEVELS. MECHANISTIC STUDY REVEALED THAT AL INCREASED EPIGENETIC DNA HYPOMETHYLATION OF HERP PROMOTER. BBB DYSFUNCTION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WERE OBSERVED IN THE AL TREATED MICE. AL MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES WERE ABOLISHED BY ADMINISTRATION OF ER STRESS INHIBITOR DTT. IN CONCLUSION, EXERCISE RESTORED HCY AND H(2)S TO BASAL LEVELS WHILE AMELIORATING AL-INDUCED ER STRESS, DIMINISHING BBB DYSFUNCTION AND IMPROVING COGNITIVE FUNCTION VIA ATF6-HERP-SIGNALING. EX SHOWED ITS PROTECTIVE EFFICACY AGAINST AL-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2 2246  26 EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY PROMOTES RESILIENCE AGAINST STRESS IN MICE. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMALITIES IN THE BRAIN AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. CHRONIC STRESS IN ANIMALS SHOWED THAT EPIGENETIC AND INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN MEDIATING RESILIENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION. HERE, THROUGH A HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING, WE IDENTIFY TWO PHYTOCHEMICALS, DIHYDROCAFFEIC ACID (DHCA) AND MALVIDIN-3'-O-GLUCOSIDE (MAL-GLUC) THAT ARE EFFECTIVE IN PROMOTING RESILIENCE AGAINST STRESS BY MODULATING BRAIN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION. DHCA/MAL-GLUC ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES DEPRESSION-LIKE PHENOTYPES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF INCREASED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY TRANSPLANTATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS FROM STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE. DHCA REDUCES PRO-INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6) GENERATIONS BY INHIBITING DNA METHYLATION AT THE CPG-RICH IL-6 SEQUENCES INTRONS 1 AND 3, WHILE MAL-GLUC MODULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY BY INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION OF THE REGULATORY SEQUENCES OF THE RAC1 GENE. PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION AND SYNAPTIC MALADAPTATION ARE IN LINE WITH NEWLY HYPOTHESIZED CLINICAL INTERVENTION TARGETS FOR DEPRESSION THAT ARE NOT ADDRESSED BY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ANTIDEPRESSANTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 2886  28 GABA-AALPHA5 MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN LEARNING-MEMORY DYSFUNCTION IN THE OFFSPRINGS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL-TREATED RATS VIA GABA-AALPHA5 HISTONE H3K9 ACETYLATION. RECENTLY, NUMEROUS STUDIES HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GABA-A RECEPTORS AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY DEFICITS. GABA-AALPHA5, A SUBUNIT OF GABA-A RECEPTORS, IS CONSIDERED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ALCOHOL-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM REMAINS OBSCURE. IN THIS STUDY, WE FOUND THAT THE EXPRESSION OF GABA-AALPHA5 INCREASED IN RATS TREATED WITH CHRONIC ETHANOL VIA HISTONE H3K9 ACETYLATION. FURTHERMORE, THIS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION COULD BE INHERITED BY THE NEXT GENERATIONS, WHICH EVENTUALLY EXHIBIT SIMILAR SPATIAL LEARNING AND MEMORY DEFICITS IN THE OFFSPRINGS. IN SUMMARY, OUR RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT GABA-AALPHA5 MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN CHRONIC ETHANOL TREATMENT-INDUCED LEARNING-MEMORY DYSFUNCTION AND FOR THE FIRST TIME PROVED THAT LEARNING-MEMORY DYSFUNCTION COULD BE INHERITED BY THE OFFSPRINGS VIA HISTONE H3K9 ACETYLATION. HOPEFULLY, IN THE NEAR FUTURE, GABA-AALPHA5 INHIBITORS WOULD BE AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO TREAT ALCOHOL-INDUCED COGNITION IMPAIRMENT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  366  35 AMINO ACID-INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN CLONAL BETA-CELL LINE INS-1E CELLS. BACKGROUND: THERE IS ABUNDANT EVIDENCE THAT GLUCOTOXICITY AND LIPOTOXICITY CONTRIBUTE TO IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. INTERESTINGLY, AMINO ACID (AA) DERANGEMENT IS ALSO A CHARACTERISTIC PART OF THE DIABETIC STATE. THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF AA ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION HAVE BEEN WIDELY EXPLORED; HOWEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF AA, E.G. PROLINE (PRO), HOMOCYSTEINE (HCY), AND LEUCINE (LEU), ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND INTEGRITY HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE GLOBAL ALTERATIONS IN BETA-CELL GENE EXPRESSION AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF CLONAL INS-1E CELLS TO ELEVATED LEVEL OF SPECIFIC AA IN VITRO. METHODS: GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING WAS PERFORMED TO CHARACTERIZE GENES DIFFERENTLY MODIFIED BY PRO, HCY, AND LEU, RESPECTIVELY, IN INS-1E CELLS. RESULTS: GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING REVEALED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN INS-1E CELL MRNAS INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF SEVERAL ASPECTS OF BETA-CELL FUNCTION, E.G. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, METABOLISM, INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES, CELLULAR SIGNALLING, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, APOPTOSIS, AND CELLULAR STRESS RESPONSE. AFTER 72 H, INS-1E CELLS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED (>/=1.5- OR </= -1.5-FOLD) BY PRO (295 TRANSCRIPTS), HCY (301 TRANSCRIPTS), AND LEU (701 TRANSCRIPTS). IT APPEARS THAT HCY EFFECTS CHANGES OPPOSITE TO THOSE INDUCED BY LEU AND/OR PRO. CONCLUSIONS: AA APPEARS TO PARTICIPATE IN AND TO INFLUENCE MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING THOSE INVOLVED IN CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM, IMMUNE RESPONSES, AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. WHETHER SUCH EVENTS PROMOTE THE BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION AND THE BETA-CELL FAILURE IN DIABETES REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. OUR DATA STRONGLY INDICATE THAT AA ELEVATION MAY TAKE PART IN THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5 4405  32 MOLECULAR ADAPTATIONS OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER PROMOTE STRESS RESILIENCE VS. DEPRESSION. PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES SUGGEST THAT INFLAMMATION AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS ALTERS BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) INTEGRITY THROUGH LOSS OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN CLAUDIN-5 (CLDN5) IN MALE MICE, PROMOTING PASSAGE OF CIRCULATING PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THIS EFFECT IS PROMINENT WITHIN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS, A BRAIN REGION ASSOCIATED WITH MOOD REGULATION; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS INVOLVED ARE UNCLEAR. MOREOVER, COMPENSATORY RESPONSES LEADING TO PROPER BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES AND ACTIVE RESILIENCE ARE UNKNOWN. HERE WE IDENTIFY ACTIVE MOLECULAR CHANGES WITHIN THE BBB ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS RESILIENCE THAT MIGHT SERVE A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR THE NEUROVASCULATURE. WE ALSO CONFIRM THE RELEVANCE OF SUCH CHANGES TO HUMAN DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. WE SHOW THAT PERMISSIVE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CLDN5 EXPRESSION AND LOW ENDOTHELIUM EXPRESSION OF REPRESSIVE CLDN5-RELATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO1 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS RESILIENCE. REGION- AND ENDOTHELIAL CELL-SPECIFIC WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSES REVEALED MOLECULAR SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS VULNERABILITY VS. RESILIENCE. WE IDENTIFIED PROINFLAMMATORY TNFALPHA/NFKAPPAB SIGNALING AND HDAC1 AS MEDIATORS OF STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY. PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF STRESS-INDUCED INCREASE IN HDAC1 ACTIVITY RESCUED CLDN5 EXPRESSION IN THE NAC AND PROMOTED RESILIENCE. IMPORTANTLY, WE CONFIRMED CHANGES IN HDAC1 EXPRESSION IN THE NAC OF DEPRESSED PATIENTS WITHOUT ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT IN LINE WITH CLDN5 LOSS. CONVERSELY, MANY OF THESE DELETERIOUS CLDN5-RELATED MOLECULAR CHANGES WERE REDUCED IN POSTMORTEM NAC FROM ANTIDEPRESSANT-TREATED SUBJECTS. THESE FINDINGS REINFORCE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING STRESS-INDUCED NEUROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN DEPRESSION AND PROVIDE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO TREAT THIS MOOD DISORDER AND PROMOTE RESILIENCE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6 3431  43 HYDROGEN SULFIDE ALLEVIATES HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. HYPERTENSION IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), AND RENAL INFLAMMATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART IN THIS PATHOLOGY. HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H(2)S) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO MITIGATE RENAL DAMAGE THROUGH REDUCTION IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND ROS; HOWEVER, THE EXACT MECHANISMS ARE NOT CLEAR. WHILE SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE UNDERLINED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETICS IN RENAL INFLAMMATION AND DYSFUNCTION, THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH EPIGENETIC REGULATORS PLAY A ROLE IN HYPERTENSION ARE NOT WELL DEFINED. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY WHETHER MICRORNAS ARE DYSREGULATED IN RESPONSE TO ANGIOTENSIN II (ANG II)-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN THE KIDNEY AND WHETHER A H(2)S DONOR, GYY4137, COULD REVERSE THE MICRORNA ALTERATION AND KIDNEY FUNCTION. WILD-TYPE (C57BL/6J) MICE WERE TREATED WITHOUT OR WITH ANG II AND GYY4137 FOR 4 WK. BLOOD PRESSURE, RENAL BLOOD FLOW, AND RESISTIVE INDEX (RI) WERE MEASURED. MICRORNA MICROARRAYS WERE CONDUCTED AND SUBSEQUENT TARGET PREDICTION REVEALED GENES ASSOCIATED WITH A PROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. ANG II TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE, DECREASED BLOOD FLOW IN THE RENAL CORTEX, INCREASED RI, AND REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION. THESE EFFECTS WERE AMELIORATED IN MICE TREATED WITH GYY4137. MICROARRAY ANALYSIS REVEALED DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-129 IN ANG II-TREATED MICE AND UPREGULATION AFTER GYY4137 TREATMENT. QUANTITATION OF PROTEINS INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND DNA METHYLATION REVEALED UPREGULATION OF IL-17A AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A, WHEREAS H(2)S PRODUCTION ENZYMES AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IL-10 WERE REDUCED. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-129 PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ANG II-INDUCED RENAL INFLAMMATION AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND THAT GYY4137 IMPROVES RENAL FUNCTION BY REVERSING MIR-129 EXPRESSION.NEW & NOTEWORTHY WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY AND HOW H(2)S SUPPLEMENTATION REVERSES ADVERSE EFFECTS. INFLAMMATION, ABERRANT METHYLATION, AND DYSFUNCTION WERE OBSERVED IN THE HYPERTENSIVE KIDNEY, AND THESE EFFECTS WERE ALLEVIATED WITH H(2)S SUPPLEMENTATION. WE IDENTIFY MIR-129 AS A POTENTIAL REGULATOR OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND H(2)S REGULATION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
7 1182  35 CONVERGING AND DIFFERENTIAL BRAIN PHOSPHOLIPID DYSREGULATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF REPETITIVE MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. REPETITIVE MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (RMTBI) IS A MAJOR EPIGENETIC RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). THE PRECISE NATURE OF HOW RMTBI LEADS TO OR PRECIPITATES AD PATHOLOGY IS CURRENTLY UNKNOWN. NUMEROUS NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS HAVE SHOWN AN IMPORTANT ROLE FOR DYSFUNCTIONAL PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM AS A DRIVING FACTOR FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE PRECISE ROLE IN RMTBI AND AD REMAINS ELUSIVE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT A DETAILED PHOSPHOLIPID CHARACTERIZATION WOULD REVEAL PROFILES OF RESPONSE TO INJURY IN TBI THAT OVERLAP WITH AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN AD AND THUS PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE TBI-AD RELATIONSHIP. WE EMPLOYED A LIPIDOMIC APPROACH EXAMINING BRAIN PHOSPHOLIPID PROFILES FROM MOUSE MODELS OF RMTBI AND AD. CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPAL TISSUE WERE COLLECTED AT 24 H, 3, 6, 9, AND 12 MONTHS POST-RMTBI, AND AT AGES REPRESENTING 'PRE', 'PERI' AND 'POST' ONSET OF AMYLOID PATHOLOGY (I.E., 3, 9, 15 MONTHS-OLD). TOTAL LEVELS OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (PC), PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE (PE), LYSOPE, AND PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL (PI), INCLUDING THEIR MONOUNSATURATED, POLYUNSATURATED AND SATURATED FATTY ACID (FA) CONTAINING SPECIES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED AT ACUTE AND/OR CHRONIC TIME POINTS POST-INJURY IN BOTH BRAIN REGIONS. HOWEVER, LEVELS OF MOST PHOSPHOLIPID SPECIES IN PS1/APP MICE WERE NOMINAL IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, WHILE IN THE CORTEX, LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED AT AGES POST-ONSET OF AMYLOID PATHOLOGY. SPHINGOMYELIN AND LYSOPC LEVELS SHOWED COINCIDENTAL TRENDS IN OUR RMTBI AND AD MODELS WITHIN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AN INCREASE AT ACUTE AND/OR CHRONIC TIME POINTS EXAMINED. THE RATIO OF ARACHIDONIC ACID (OMEGA-6 FA) TO DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (OMEGA-3 FA)-CONTAINING PE SPECIES WAS INCREASED AT EARLY TIME POINTS IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF INJURED VERSUS SHAM MICE, AND IN PS1/APP MICE THERE WAS A COINCIDENTAL INCREASE COMPARED TO WILD TYPE LITTERMATES AT ALL TIME POINTS. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES SOME OVERLAPPING AND DIVERSE PHOSPHOLIPID PROFILES IN RMTBI AND AD MODELS. FUTURE STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO CORROBORATE OUR FINDINGS IN HUMAN POST-MORTEM TISSUE. INVESTIGATION OF SECONDARY MECHANISMS TRIGGERED BY ABERRANT DOWNSTREAM ALTERATIONS IN BIOACTIVE METABOLITES OF THESE PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND THEIR MODULATION AT THE APPROPRIATE TIME-WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY COULD HELP FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES TO AMELIORATE THE NEURODEGENERATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF RMTBI OR THE POTENTIAL TRIGGERING OF AD PATHOGENESIS BY RMTBI.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8 1494  33 DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA CONTRIBUTES TO ABNORMAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX METABOLISM IN THE KIDNEY. HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA (HHCY) IS PREVALENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) AND END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD). EMERGING STUDIES SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF FIBROSIS IN CKD. HHCY AND ITS INTERMEDIATES ARE KNOWN TO ALTER THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN, WHICH IS A CRITICAL REGULATOR OF EPIGENETIC INFORMATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HHCY CAUSES RENOVASCULAR REMODELING BY DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, LEADING TO GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS. WE ALSO EVALUATED WHETHER THE DNA METHYLATION INHIBITOR, 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA) COULD MODULATE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) METABOLISM AND REDUCE RENOVASCULAR FIBROSIS. C57BL/6J (WILD-TYPE) AND CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE (CBS(+/-)) MICE, TREATED WITHOUT OR WITH 5-AZA (0.5 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT, I.P.), WERE USED. CBS(+/-) MICE SHOWED HIGH PLASMA HCY LEVELS, HYPERTENSION, AND SIGNIFICANT GLOMERULAR AND ARTERIOLAR INJURY. 5-AZA TREATMENT NORMALIZED BLOOD PRESSURE AND REVERSED RENAL INJURY. CBS(+/-) MICE SHOWED GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION AND UP-REGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-1 AND -3A. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR SHOWED AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (MMP)-9 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE (TIMP)-1 AND -2 AND ALSO INCREASED COLLAGEN AND GALECTIN-3 EXPRESSION. 5-AZA REDUCED ABNORMAL DNA METHYLATION AND RESTORED THE MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 BALANCE. IN CONCLUSION, OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT DURING HHCY, ABNORMAL DNA METHYLATION AND AN IMBALANCE BETWEEN MMP-9 AND TIMP-1 AND -2 LEAD TO ECM REMODELING AND RENAL FIBROSIS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9 5468  29 RESISTANCE TRAINING AND REDOX HOMEOSTASIS: CORRELATION WITH AGE-ASSOCIATED GENOMIC CHANGES. REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS EFFECTIVE AS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FOR DIFFERENT CHRONIC CONDITIONS RELATED TO THE AGEING PROCESSES. IN FACT, A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A WORSENING OF CELLULAR AGEING BIOMARKERS SUCH AS TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) AND/OR SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES (E.G. DNA METHYLATION), WITH INCREASE OF THE PROPENSITY TO AGING-RELATED DISEASES AND PREMATURE DEATH. EXTENDING OUR PREVIOUS FINDINGS, WE AIMED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT 12 WEEKS OF LOW FREQUENCY, MODERATE INTENSITY, EXPLOSIVE-TYPE RESISTANCE TRAINING (EMRT) MAY ATTENUATE AGE-ASSOCIATED GENOMIC CHANGES. TO THIS AIM, TL, GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, TRF2, KU80, SIRT1, SIRT2 AND GLOBAL PROTEIN ACETYLATION, AS WELL AS OTHER PROTEINS INVOLVED IN APOPTOTIC PATHWAY (BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3), ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE (TRXR1 AND MNSOD) AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE (MYELOPEROXIDASE) WERE EVALUATED BEFORE AND AFTER EMRT IN WHOLE BLOOD OR PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF ELDERLY SUBJECTS. OUR FINDINGS CONFIRM THE POTENTIAL OF EMRT TO INDUCE AN ADAPTIVE CHANGE IN THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTEIN SYSTEMS AT SYSTEMIC LEVEL AND SUGGEST A PUTATIVE ROLE OF RESISTANCE TRAINING IN THE REDUCTION OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. MOREOVER, WE OBSERVED THAT EMRT COUNTERACTS THE TELOMERES' SHORTENING IN A MANNER THAT PROVED TO BE DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH THE AMELIORATION OF REDOX HOMEOSTASIS AND EFFICACY OF TRAINING REGIME, EVALUATED AS IMPROVEMENT OF BOTH MUSCLE'S POWER/STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
10  905  39 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CANNABINOIDS DURING ADOLESCENCE CAUSES LONG-LASTING BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS IN ADULT MICE. REGULAR USE OF MARIJUANA DURING ADOLESCENCE ENHANCES THE RISK OF LONG-LASTING NEUROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN ADULTHOOD. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS AIMED AT ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF THE SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID WIN55212.2 DURING ADOLESCENCE IN YOUNG ADULT MICE. ADOLESCENT MICE AGED 5 WEEKS WERE SUBJECTED DAILY TO THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF WIN55212.2 FOR 3 WEEKS AND WERE THEN LEFT UNDISTURBED IN THEIR HOME CAGE FOR A 5-WEEK PERIOD AND FINALLY EVALUATED BY BEHAVIORAL TESTING. MICE THAT RECEIVED THE DRUG DURING ADOLESCENCE SHOWED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN THE MORRIS WATER MAZE, AS WELL AS A DOSE-DEPENDENT MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN FEAR CONDITIONING. IN ADDITION, THE ADMINISTRATION OF 3 MG/KG WIN55212.2 IN ADOLESCENCE INCREASED ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL AEA LEVELS AND PROMOTED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION AT THE INTRAGENIC REGION OF THE INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING MODULATOR RGS7, WHICH WAS ACCOMPANIED BY A LOWER RATE OF MRNA TRANSCRIPTION OF THIS GENE, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL CAUSAL RELATION. ALTHOUGH THE CONCRETE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF 3 MG/KG OF WIN DURING ADOLESCENCE LEADS TO INCREASED ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS AND ALTERED RGS7 EXPRESSION IN ADULTHOOD AND ESTABLISH A POTENTIAL LINK TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11 3093  20 GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS INVOLVE MIRNA-MEDIATED PROGRAMMING. STRESS REPRESENTS A CRITICAL INFLUENCE ON MOTOR SYSTEM FUNCTION AND HAS BEEN SHOWN TO IMPAIR MOVEMENT PERFORMANCE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT STRESS-INDUCED MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS ARE DUE TO BRAIN-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN MIRNA AND PROTEIN-ENCODING GENE EXPRESSION. HERE WE SHOW A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN STRESS-INDUCED MOTOR IMPAIRMENT AND ASSOCIATED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RESPONSES IN RELEVANT CENTRAL MOTOR AREAS IN A RAT MODEL. EXPOSURE TO TWO WEEKS OF MILD RESTRAINT STRESS ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF 39 GENES AND NINE MIRNAS IN THE CEREBELLUM. IN LINE WITH PERSISTENT BEHAVIOURAL IMPAIRMENTS, SOME CHANGES IN GENE AND MIRNA EXPRESSION WERE RESISTANT TO RECOVERY FROM STRESS. INTERESTINGLY, STRESS UP-REGULATED THE EXPRESSION OF ADIPOQ AND PROLACTIN RECEPTOR MRNAS IN THE CEREBELLUM. STRESS ALSO ALTERED THE EXPRESSION OF PRLR, MIR-186, AND MIR-709 IN HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX. IN ADDITION, OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT MIR-186 TARGETS THE GENE EPS15. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND AN AGE-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN EPHRINB3 AND GABAA4 RECEPTORS. THESE DATA SHOW THAT EVEN MILD STRESS RESULTS IN SUBSTANTIAL GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC CHANGES INVOLVING MIRNA EXPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED GENE TARGETS IN THE MOTOR SYSTEM. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST A CENTRAL ROLE OF MIRNA-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE STRESS RESPONSE AND IN ASSOCIATED NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12 5339  26 QUETIAPINE TREATMENT REVERSES DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCES DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY INDUCED BY MATERNAL DEPRIVATION. STRESS IN EARLY LIFE HAS BEEN APPOINTED AS AN IMPORTANT PHENOMENON IN THE ONSET OF DEPRESSION AND POOR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH CLASSICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS. FURTHERMORE, CHILDHOOD TRAUMA TRIGGERS EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). TREATMENT WITH ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS SUCH AS QUETIAPINE, EXERTS THERAPEUTIC EFFECT FOR MDD PATIENTS AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH QUETIAPINE (20MG/KG) ON DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF RATS SUBMITTED TO MATERNAL DEPRIVATION (MD), AS WELL AS THE ACTIVITY OF HISTONE ACETYLATION BY THE ENZYMES HISTONE ACETYL TRANSFERASES (HAT) AND DEACETYLASES (HDAC) AND DNA METHYLATION, THROUGH DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME (DNMT) IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC), NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS. MATERNALLY DEPRIVED RATS HAD A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND AN INCREASE IN THE HDAC AND DNMT ACTIVITIES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND NAC. TREATMENT WITH QUETIAPINE REVERSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCED THE DNMT ACTIVITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO SHOW THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF QUETIAPINE IN ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO MD AND A PROTECTIVE EFFECT BY QUETIAPINE IN REDUCING EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY STRESS IN EARLY LIFE. THESE RESULTS REINFORCE AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF QUETIAPINE AS THERAPY FOR MDD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
13 5474  29 RESTORATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AMELIORATES DISEASE AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES IN A FUS MOUSE MODEL. DYSREGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IS EMERGING AS A CENTRAL EVENT IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, INCLUDING AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS). IN MANY MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATION, GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IS DECREASED IN THE AFFECTED NEURONAL TISSUES. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIONS OF TWO PROTEIN FAMILIES -THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). DRUGS INHIBITING HDAC ACTIVITY ARE ALREADY USED IN THE CLINIC AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF HDAC INHIBITION IN THE CONTEXT OF ALS. WE DISCOVERED THAT TRANSGENIC MICE OVEREXPRESSING WILD-TYPE FUS ("TG FUS+/+"), WHICH RECAPITULATE MANY ASPECTS OF HUMAN ALS, SHOWED REDUCED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ALTERATIONS IN METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, RESULTING IN A DYSREGULATED METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS. CHRONIC TREATMENT OF TG FUS+/+ MICE WITH ACY-738, A POTENT HDAC INHIBITOR THAT CAN CROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, AMELIORATED THE MOTOR PHENOTYPE AND SUBSTANTIALLY EXTENDED THE LIFE SPAN OF THE TG FUS+/+ MICE. AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, ACY-738 RESTORED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, THEREBY RE-ESTABLISHING METABOLITE LEVELS IN THE SPINAL CORD. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS LINK EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS TO METABOLIC DYSREGULATION IN ALS PATHOLOGY, AND HIGHLIGHT ACY-738 AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14 3717  43 INHIBITION OF 11BETA-HSD1 AMELIORATES COGNITION AND MOLECULAR DETRIMENTAL CHANGES AFTER CHRONIC MILD STRESS IN SAMP8 MICE. IMPAIRED GLUCOCORTICOID (GC) SIGNALING IS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN AGING, STRESS, AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES SUCH AS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. THEREFORE, THE STUDY OF GC-MEDIATED STRESS RESPONSES TO CHRONIC MODERATELY STRESSFUL SITUATIONS, WHICH OCCUR IN DAILY LIFE, IS OF HUGE INTEREST FOR THE DESIGN OF PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TOWARD THE PREVENTION OF NEURODEGENERATION. TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE, SAMP8 MICE WERE EXPOSED TO THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS (CMS) PARADIGM FOR 4 WEEKS AND TREATED WITH RL-118, AN 11BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 (11BETA-HSD1) INHIBITOR. THE INHIBITION OF THIS ENZYME IS LINKED WITH A REDUCTION IN GC LEVELS AND COGNITIVE IMPROVEMENT, WHILE CMS EXPOSURE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO ASSESS WHETHER RL-118 TREATMENT COULD REVERSE THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF CMS ON COGNITION AND BEHAVIORAL ABILITIES AND TO EVALUATE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT COMPROMISE HEALTHY AGING IN SAMP8 MICE. FIRST, WE CONFIRMED THE TARGET ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN RL-118 AND 11BETA-HSD1. ADDITIONALLY, WE SHOWED THAT DNA METHYLATION, HYDROXYMETHYLATION, AND HISTONE PHOSPHORYLATION WERE DECREASED BY CMS INDUCTION, AND INCREASED BY RL-118 TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, CMS EXPOSURE CAUSED THE ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS)-INDUCED DAMAGE AND INCREASED PRO-OXIDANT ENZYMES-AS WELL AS PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS-THROUGH THE NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY AND ASTROGLIOSIS MARKERS, SUCH AS GFAP. OF NOTE, THESE MODIFICATIONS WERE REVERSED BY 11BETA-HSD1 INHIBITION. REMARKABLY, ALTHOUGH CMS ALTERED MTORC1 SIGNALING, AUTOPHAGY WAS INCREASED IN THE SAMP8 RL-118-TREATED MICE. WE ALSO SHOWED AN INCREASE IN AMYLOIDOGENIC PROCESSES AND A DECREASE IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND NEURONAL REMODELING MARKERS IN MICE UNDER CMS, WHICH WERE CONSEQUENTLY MODIFIED BY RL-118 TREATMENT. IN CONCLUSION, 11BETA-HSD1 INHIBITION THROUGH RL-118 AMELIORATED THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS INDUCED BY CMS, INCLUDING EPIGENETIC AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCES, INDICATING THAT GC-EXCESS ATTENUATION SHOWS POTENTIAL AS A THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE DECLINE AND AD.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15 5832  26 STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL MKP-1 PROMOTE PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. STRESS-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATION OVER THE HOMEOSTATIC RANGE IN STRESS HORMONE-SENSITIVE BRAIN REGIONS IS BELIEVED TO UNDERLIE LONG-LASTING DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. HOWEVER, THE DETAILED MECHANISMS BY WHICH CHRONIC STRESS CAUSES THOSE ADAPTIVE CHANGES ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES REGULATE STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC STRESS IN MICE DOWNREGULATES THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. A SERIES OF FOLLOW-UP ANALYSES INCLUDING CHIP ASSAY AND SIRNA-MEDIATED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES REVEAL THAT GLUCOCORTICOIDS RELEASED BY STRESS CUMULATIVELY INCREASE MKP-1 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND INCREASED MKP-1 THEN DEBILITATES P-CREB AND PPARGAMMA, WHICH IN TURN SUPPRESS THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1. FURTHERMORE, HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 NORMALLY SUPPRESS THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MKP-1, AND THEREFORE THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 INCREASES MKP-1 EXPRESSION. ACCORDINGLY, REPEATED STRESS PROGRESSIVELY STRENGTHENS A VICIOUS CYCLE OF THE MKP-1 SIGNALING CASCADE THAT FACILITATES DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HIPPOCAMPAL STRESS ADAPTATION SYSTEM COMPRISING HDAC2/SUV39H1-REGULATED MKP-1 SIGNALING NETWORK DETERMINES THE VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC STRESS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16 5205  28 PRENATAL STRESS CHANGES THE GLYCOPROTEIN GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RAT OFFSPRING BRAIN. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) EXERTS STRONG IMPACT ON FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ON ADULT OFFSPRING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC STRESS ALTERS THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF GPM6A, A NEURONAL GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN FILOPODIUM EXTENSION. IN THIS WORK, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF PS ON GPM6A EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS RECEIVED RESTRAINT STRESS DURING THE LAST WEEK OF GESTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE SACRIFICED ON POSTNATAL DAYS 28 AND 60. HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION (QPCR FOR MRNAS AND MICRORNAS), METHYLATION STATUS (BISULFITE CONVERSION) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CULTURE WERE USED TO ANALYZE MICRORNA OVEREXPRESSION EFFECTS. PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN GPM6A LEVELS IN BOTH TISSUES AND AT BOTH AGES ANALYZED, INDICATING A PERSISTENT EFFECT. TWO CPG ISLANDS IN THE GPM6A GENE WERE IDENTIFIED. VARIATIONS IN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AT THREE SPECIFIC CPGS WERE FOUND IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT NOT IN PFC SAMPLES FROM PS OFFSPRING. MICRORNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET GPM6A WERE IDENTIFIED IN SILICO. QPCR MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT PS MODIFIED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MICRORNAS IN BOTH TISSUES, BEING MICRORNA-133B THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED. FURTHER STUDIES OVEREXPRESSING THIS MICRORNA IN NEURONAL CULTURES SHOWED A REDUCTION IN GMP6A MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL. MOREOVER FILOPODIUM DENSITY WAS ALSO REDUCED, SUGGESTING THAT GPM6A FUNCTION WAS AFFECTED. GESTATIONAL STRESS AFFECTED GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION IN OFFSPRING LIKELY THROUGH CHANGES IN METHYLATION STATUS AND IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MICRORNAS. THUS, OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE GPM6A AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING PRENATAL STRESS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17 3370  33 HISTONE MODIFICATION OF NEDD4 UBIQUITIN LIGASE CONTROLS THE LOSS OF AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY REPEATED STRESS. STRESS AND THE MAJOR STRESS HORMONE CORTICOSTERONE INDUCE PROFOUND INFLUENCES IN THE BRAIN. ALTERED HISTONE MODIFICATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSFUNCTION HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN STRESS-RELATED MENTAL DISORDERS. WE PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT REPEATED STRESS CAUSED AN IMPAIRMENT OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC)-MEDIATED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS BY INCREASING THE UBIQUITINATION AND DEGRADATION OF AMPA-TYPE GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS VIA A MECHANISM DEPENDING ON THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE NEDD4. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT IN PFC OF REPEATEDLY STRESSED RATS, ACTIVE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR HAD THE INCREASED BINDING TO THE GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE ELEMENT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) PROMOTER, RESULTING IN THE UPREGULATION OF HDAC2. INHIBITION OR KNOCK-DOWN OF HDAC2 BLOCKED THE STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, AMPAR EXPRESSION, AND RECOGNITION MEMORY. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT, IN STRESSED ANIMALS, THE HDAC2-DEPENDENT DOWNREGULATION OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE EHMT2 (G9A) LED TO THE LOSS OF REPRESSIVE HISTONE METHYLATION AT THE NEDD4-1 PROMOTER AND THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF NEDD4. THESE RESULTS HAVE PROVIDED AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM AND A POTENTIAL TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PROLONGED STRESS EXPOSURE CAN INDUCE ALTERED HISTONE MODIFICATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSFUNCTION, WHICH MAY UNDERLIE THE PROFOUND INFLUENCE OF STRESS IN REGULATING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. WE REPORT AN IMPORTANT FINDING ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF REPEATED STRESS ON SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION. FIRST, IT HAS REVEALED THE STRESS-INDUCED ALTERATION OF KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATORS HDAC2 AND EHMT2, WHICH DETERMINES THE SYNAPTIC AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF REPEATED STRESS. SECOND, IT HAS UNCOVERED THE STRESS-INDUCED HISTONE MODIFICATION OF THE TARGET GENE NEDD4, AN E3 LIGASE THAT IS CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN THE UBIQUITINATION AND DEGRADATION OF AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITION. THIRD, IT HAS PROVIDED THE EPIGENETIC APPROACH, HDAC2 INHIBITION OR KNOCK-DOWN, TO RESCUE SYNAPTIC AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN STRESSED ANIMALS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18  889  29 CHRONIC DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID PROTECTS NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS FROM IBOTENIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY. VALPROIC ACID (VPA) HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR EPILEPSY AND MOOD DISORDERS. RECENTLY, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PROPOSED FOR A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIONS OF THIS DRUG, INCLUDING ANTITUMORAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. VALPROIC ACID-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN VIVO HAS BEEN SO FAR DEMONSTRATED IN A LIMITED NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE TESTED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHRONIC (4 + 1 WEEKS) DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VPA ON DEGENERATION OF CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS (NBM), INJECTED WITH THE EXCITOTOXIN, IBOTENIC ACID (IBO), AN ANIMAL MODELS THAT IS RELEVANT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEURODEGENERATION. WE SHOW THAT VPA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTS BOTH CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS PRESENT IN THE INJECTED AREA FROM THE EXCITOTOXIC INSULT. A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF NEUROPROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR, IS EXERTED TOWARDS THE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS OF THE NBM PROJECTING TO THE CORTEX, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER LEVELS OF CHOLINERGIC MARKERS MAINTAINED IN THE TARGET CORTICAL AREA OF VPA-TREATED RATS AFTER IBO INJECTION IN THE NBM. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CHRONIC VPA ADMINISTRATION RESULTS IN INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 IN BRAIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF VPA AND PUTATIVELY LINKED TO A NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF THE DRUG MEDIATED AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19 1162  28 CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS ON THE TRANSCRIPTOME, EPIGENOME, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ATLANTIC SALMON. STRESS EXPERIENCED DURING EARLY LIFE MAY HAVE LASTING EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WITH IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND DISEASE DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE AND DURATION OF THE STRESSOR. THE EPIGENOME IS ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI DURING EARLY LIFE AND REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH STRESS MAY CAUSE LONG-LASTING HEALTH EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE EPIGENOME RESPONDS DIFFERENTLY TO CHRONIC VS ACUTE STRESSORS IS UNCLEAR, ESPECIALLY FOR NON-MAMMALIAN SPECIES. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS (COLD-SHOCK DURING EMBRYOGENESIS) AND CHRONIC STRESS (ABSENCE OF TANK ENRICHMENT DURING LARVAL-STAGE) ON GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION (USING RNA-SEQ) AND DNA METHYLATION (USING RRBS) IN THE GILLS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) FOUR MONTHS AFTER HATCHING. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCED PRONOUNCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES, WHILE ACUTE STRESS CAUSED FEW LASTING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS. HOWEVER, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS CAUSED LASTING AND CONTRASTING CHANGES IN THE METHYLOME. CRUCIALLY, WE FOUND THAT ACUTE STRESS ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A PATHOGENIC CHALLENGE (BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, LPS), WHILE CHRONIC STRESS SUPPRESSED IT. WE IDENTIFIED STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN PROMOTER AND GENE-BODY METHYLATION THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION FOR A SMALL PROPORTION OF IMMUNE-RELATED GENES, AND EVIDENCE OF WIDER EPIGENETIC REGULATION WITHIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT STRESS CAN AFFECT IMMUNO-COMPETENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND HIGHLIGHT THE MARKEDLY DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LARVAL AND ACUTE EMBRYONIC STRESS. THIS KNOWLEDGE COULD BE USED TO HARNESS THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS ON IMMUNITY, PAVING THE WAY FOR IMPROVED STRESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONDITIONING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20 2673  42 ETHANOL-INDUCED MODULATION OF GPR55 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS IS ACCOMPANIED BY H4K12 ACETYLATION. INFLAMMATION SUPPORTS THE PROGRESSION OF ALCOHOL-RELATED ORGAN INJURY. RECENT RESEARCH FINDINGS HAVE LINKED ETHANOL EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DEACETYLATION IN THE BRAIN AND IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES, LEADING TO ETHANOL-DEPENDENCE RELATED DAMAGE. ONE OF THE MECHANISMS THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE DURING INFLAMMATION IS THE CANNABINOID SYSTEM. PREVIOUS RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT ETHANOL CAN MODULATE CANNABINOID RECEPTORS' FUNCTIONS. OUR LAB HAS SHOWN THAT THE G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR (GPR55), A NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR, IS UPREGULATED IN BINGE DRINKERS AND IN CELLS TREATED ACUTELY WITH ETHANOL. ADDITIONALLY, OUR GROUP HAS ALSO UNCOVERED THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS ACETYLATION. HOWEVER, THE REGULATORY MECHANISM OF GPR55 WITHIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ETHANOL IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. SINCE CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MIGHT LEAD TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE MECHANISM OF ETHANOL-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF GPR55 IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES ON HISTONE PROTEINS. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PREVIOUS FINDINGS FROM OUR LAB, THE GOAL OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS ANY RELEVANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION AND THE REGULATION OF THE NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR GPR55 IN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS (MDDCS) OF HUMAN ORIGIN TREATED ACUTELY WITH ETHANOL. THEREFORE, MONOCYTES WERE ISOLATED FROM BUFFY COATS AND ALLOWED TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO MDDCS. THE CELLS WERE TREATED WITH ETHANOL FOR 24 H, HARVESTED, FIXED, AND STAINED WITH ANTIBODIES AGAINST GPR55. AS EXPECTED, BASED ON PREVIOUS FINDINGS, CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY SHOWED THAT ETHANOL EXPOSURE INCREASES GPR55 EXPRESSION. IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GPR55 EXPRESSION REGULATION, THE CELLS WERE TREATED WITH ETHANOL, HARVESTED, AND THEN THE CHROMATIN WAS EXTRACTED AND FRACTIONATED FOR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME QPCR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DNA FRAGMENTS. THE RESULTS SHOWED AN ENRICHMENT OF THE HISTONE MODIFICATION H4K12AC IN THE GPR55 GENE OF MDDCS TREATED WITH ETHANOL. FURTHERMORE, SIRNA AGAINST THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE TIP60 (RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACETYLATION OF H4K12) RESULTED IN A DOWNREGULATION OF GPR55. IN CONJUNCTION, THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT IN THE PRESENCE OF ETHANOL, THE UPREGULATION OF GPR55 EXPRESSION IS ACCOMPANIED BY H4K12 ACETYLATION, WHICH MIGHT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT IN THE ABILITY OF THIS INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S CELLS TO COPE WITH CELLULAR STRESS INDUCED BY ETHANOL. HOWEVER, THE CAUSALITY OF ETHANOL REGULATION OF H4K12AC IN GPR55 EXPRESSION CHANGES STILL LACKS FURTHER ELUCIDATION; THEREFORE, ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO CONFIRM A SIGNIFICANT CAUSALITY BETWEEN H4K12 ACETYLATION AND ETHANOL REGULATION OF GPR55 ARE CURRENTLY UNDERGOING IN OUR LAB.	2018