1 2564 151 EPIGENETICS INSIGHTS INTO CHRONIC PAIN: DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IN FIBROMYALGIA-A CONTROLLED PILOT-STUDY. TO EVALUATE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA (FM) COMPARED TO MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS). ALL INDIVIDUALS UNDERWENT FULL CLINICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT BY CORTICAL EXCITABILITY (CE) PARAMETERS MEASURED BY TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. DNA FROM THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH FM (N = 24) AND HC (N = 24) WERE ASSESSED USING THE ILLUMINA-HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIPS. WE IDENTIFIED 1610 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) IN PATIENTS WITH FM DISPLAYING A NONRANDOM DISTRIBUTION IN REGIONS OF THE GENOME. SIXTY-NINE PERCENT OF DMP IN FM WERE HYPOMETHYLATED COMPARED TO HC. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS WERE ENRICHED IN 5 GENOMIC REGIONS (1P34; 6P21; 10Q26; 17Q25; 19Q13). THE FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 960 GENES RELATED TO DMPS REVEALED AN ENRICHMENT FOR MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY (N = 18 GENES), REGULATION OF ACTIN CYTOSKELETON (N = 15 GENES), AND FOCAL ADHESION (N = 13 GENES). A GENE-GENE INTERACTION NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS REVEALED THE PARTICIPATION OF DNA REPAIR PATHWAYS, MITOCHONDRIA-RELATED PROCESSES, AND SYNAPTIC SIGNALING. EVEN THOUGH DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD, THIS SET OF GENES WAS ENRICHED FOR DISORDERS SUCH AS SCHIZOPHRENIA, MOOD DISORDERS, BULIMIA, HYPERPHAGIA, AND OBESITY. REMARKABLY, THE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERIZATION BASED ON THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE 1610 DMPS SHOWED AN ASSOCIATION WITH NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF CE IN FM AND HC. FIBROMYALGIA HAS A HYPOMETHYLATION DNA PATTERN, WHICH IS ENRICHED IN GENES IMPLICATED IN STRESS RESPONSE AND DNA REPAIR/FREE RADICAL CLEARANCE. THESE CHANGES OCCURRED PARALLEL TO CHANGES IN CE PARAMETERS. NEW EPIGENETIC INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FM MAY PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKERS OF THIS DISORDER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2 1909  57 ENRICHMENT OF GENOMIC PATHWAYS BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY. OUR STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS/REGIONS AND THEIR ENRICHED GENOMIC PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERLYING CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS. WE RECRUITED COGNITIVELY HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS WITH (N = 20) AND WITHOUT (N = 9) SELF-REPORTED MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND COLLECTED DNA FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD THAT WAS ANALYZED USING METHYLATIONEPIC ARRAYS. WE IDENTIFIED 31,739 HYPERMETHYLATED CPG AND 10,811 HYPOMETHYLATED CPG PROBES (PS </= 0.05). ALL CPG PROBES WERE CLUSTERED INTO 5966 REGIONS, AMONG WHICH 600 REGIONS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AT P </= 0.05 LEVEL, INCLUDING 294 HYPERMETHYLATED REGIONS AND 306 HYPOMETHYLATED REGIONS (DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS). INGENUITY PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE PAIN-RELATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WERE ENRICHED ACROSS MULTIPLE PATHWAYS. THE TOP 10 CANONICAL PATHWAYS WERE LINKED TO CELLULAR SIGNALING PROCESSES RELATED TO IMMUNE RESPONSES (I.E. ANTIGEN PRESENTATION, PROGRAMED CELL DEATH 1 RECEPTOR/PD-1 LIGAND 1, INTERLEUKIN-4, OX40 SIGNALING, T CELL EXHAUSTION, AND APOPTOSIS) AND GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR SIGNALING. FURTHER, WEIGHTED GENE CORRELATION NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED A COMETHYLATION NETWORK MODULE IN THE PAIN GROUP THAT WAS NOT PRESERVED IN THE CONTROL GROUP, WHERE THE HUB GENE WAS THE CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ATF-2. OUR PRELIMINARY FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW EPIGENETIC INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF ABERRANT IMMUNE SIGNALING IN MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS WHILE FURTHER SUPPORTING INVOLVEMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL GABAERGIC SIGNALING MECHANISMS IN CHRONIC PAIN. OUR FINDINGS NEED TO BE URGENTLY REPLICATED IN LARGER COHORTS AS THEY MAY SERVE AS A BASIS FOR DEVELOPING AND TARGETING FUTURE INTERVENTIONS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
3 1607  34 DNA METHYLATION, COLON CANCER AND MEDITERRANEAN DIET: RESULTS FROM THE EPIC-ITALY COHORT. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD) PROTECTS AGAINST COLON CANCER (CC) ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHWAY. BOTH DIET AND CC ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE PERFORMED A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON 161 PAIRS FROM THE ITALIAN COMPONENT OF THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) COHORT, IN WHICH WE LOOKED FOR THE METHYLATION SIGNALS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM LEUCOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CC AND MD IN 995 CPGS LOCATED IN 48 INFLAMMATION GENES. THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNALS DETECTED IN THIS ANALYSIS WERE VALIDATED IN A SUBGROUP OF 47 CASE-CONTROL PAIRS AND FURTHER REPLICATED (WHERE VALIDATED) IN 95 NEW PAIRS BY MEANS OF PYROSEQUENCING. AMONG THE CPG SITES SELECTED A-PRIORI IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES, SEVEN CPG SITES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CC STATUS AND WITH MD, IN LINE WITH ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT. ONLY TWO CPG SITES (CG17968347-SERPINE1 AND CG20674490-RUNX3) WERE VALIDATED USING BISULPHITE PYROSEQUENCING AND, AFTER REPLICATION, WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF CG20674490-RUNX3 MAY BE A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MEDIATOR EXPLAINING THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MD ON CC ONSET. THE USE OF A 'MEET-IN-THE-MIDDLE' APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE OVERLAP BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF DISEASE IS INNOVATIVE IN STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND CANCER, IN WHICH EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IS DIFFICULT AND THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE NUTRIENTS EXERT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS LARGELY UNKNOWN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4 1969  36 EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS AND AN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA. FIBROMYALGIA (FM), CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC WIDESPREAD PAIN, FATIGUE, AND COGNITIVE/MOOD DISTURBANCES, LEADS TO REDUCED WORKPLACE PRODUCTIVITY AND INCREASED HEALTHCARE EXPENSES. TO DETERMINE IF ACQUIRED EPIGENETIC/GENETIC CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FM, WE COMPARED THE FREQUENCY OF SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING MICRONUCLEI (MN) AND GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION PATTERNS IN WOMEN WITH FM (N = 10) TO THOSE SEEN IN COMPARABLY AGED HEALTHY CONTROLS (N = 42 (MN); N = 8 (METHYLATION)). THE MEAN (SD) MN FREQUENCY OF WOMEN WITH FM (51.4 (21.9)) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THAT OF CONTROLS (15.8 (8.5)) (CHI (2) = 45.552; DF = 1; P = 1.49 X 10(-11)). SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES (N = 69 SITES) IN METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE OBSERVED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS CONSIDERING A 5% FALSE DISCOVERY RATE. THE MAJORITY OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED (DM) SITES (91%) WERE ATTRIBUTABLE TO INCREASED VALUES IN THE WOMEN WITH FM. THE DM SITES INCLUDED SIGNIFICANT BIOLOGICAL CLUSTERS INVOLVED IN NEURON DIFFERENTIATION/NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, SKELETAL/ORGAN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, AND CHROMATIN COMPACTION. GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DM SITES WHOSE FUNCTION HAS PARTICULAR RELEVANCE TO FM INCLUDED BDNF, NAT15, HDAC4, PRKCA, RTN1, AND PRKG1. RESULTS SUPPORT THE NEED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH TO FURTHER EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EPIGENETIC AND ACQUIRED CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATIONS AS A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING FM.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
5 1910  49 ENRICHMENT OF GENOMIC PATHWAYS BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN. OUR STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (I.E., GENOMIC REGION WHERE MULTIPLE ADJACENT CPG SITES SHOW DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION) AND THEIR ENRICHED GENOMIC PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PAIN (KOA). WE RECRUITED COGNITIVELY HEALTHY MIDDLE TO OLDER AGED (AGE 45-85) ADULTS WITH (N = 182) AND WITHOUT (N = 31) SELF-REPORTED KOA PAIN. WE ALSO EXTRACTED DNA FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD THAT WAS ANALYZED USING METHYLATIONEPIC ARRAYS. THE R PACKAGE MINFI (ARYEE ET AL., 2014) WAS USED TO PERFORM METHYLATION DATA PREPROCESSING AND QUALITY CONTROL. TO INVESTIGATE BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS IMPACTED BY DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION, WE PERFORMED PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) TO IDENTIFY CANONICAL PATHWAYS AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS. ANNOTATED GENES WITHIN +/- 5 KB OF THE PUTATIVE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS, P < 0.05) WERE SUBJECTED TO THE IPA ANALYSIS. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN AGE, SEX, STUDY SITE BETWEEN NO PAIN AND PAIN GROUP (P > 0.05). NON-HISPANIC BLACK INDIVIDUALS WERE OVERREPRESENTED IN THE PAIN GROUP (P = 0.003). AT RAW P < 0.05 CUTOFF, WE IDENTIFIED A TOTAL OF 19,710 CPG PROBES, INCLUDING 13,951 HYPERMETHYLATED CPG PROBES, FOR WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVEL WAS HIGHER IN THE GROUPS WITH HIGHEST PAIN GRADES. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED 5,759 HYPOMETHYLATED CPG PROBES FOR WHICH DNA METHYLATION LEVEL WAS LOWER IN THE PAIN GROUPS WITH HIGHER PAIN GRADES. IPA REVEALED THAT PAIN-RELATED DMRS WERE ENRICHED ACROSS MULTIPLE PATHWAYS AND UPSTREAM REGULATORS. THE TOP 10 CANONICAL PATHWAYS WERE LINKED TO CELLULAR SIGNALING PROCESSES RELATED TO IMMUNE RESPONSES (I.E., ANTIGEN PRESENTATION, PD-1, PD-L1 CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY, B CELL DEVELOPMENT, IL-4 SIGNALING, TH1 AND TH2 ACTIVATION PATHWAY, AND PHAGOSOME MATURATION). MOREOVER, IN TERMS OF UPSTREAM REGULATORS, NDUFAF3 WAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT (P = 8.6E-04) UPSTREAM REGULATOR. OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT PREVIOUS PRELIMINARY WORK SUGGESTING THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN KNEE PAIN AND THE NEED FOR FUTURE WORK TO UNDERSTAND THE EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHRONIC PAIN.	2022	
                                                
6 1739  41 EARLY DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN CHILDREN DEVELOPING BETA CELL AUTOIMMUNITY AT A YOUNG AGE. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TYPE 1 DIABETES IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OF COMPLEX AETIOLOGY, INCLUDING A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION. PREVIOUS EPIGENOMIC STUDIES FOCUSED MAINLY ON CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED INDIVIDUALS. THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO ASSESS EARLY DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES ALREADY BEFORE THE DIAGNOSIS OR EVEN BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF AUTOANTIBODIES. METHODS: REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) WAS APPLIED TO STUDY DNA METHYLATION IN PURIFIED CD4(+) T CELL, CD8(+) T CELL AND CD4(-)CD8(-) CELL FRACTIONS OF 226 PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL SAMPLES LONGITUDINALLY COLLECTED FROM SEVEN TYPE 1 DIABETES-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODY-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS AND CONTROL INDIVIDUALS MATCHED FOR AGE, SEX, HLA RISK AND PLACE OF BIRTH. WE ALSO EXPLORED CORRELATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION USING RNA SEQUENCING DATA FROM THE SAME SAMPLES. TECHNICAL VALIDATION OF RRBS RESULTS WAS PERFORMED USING PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 79, 56 AND 45 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN CD4(+) T CELLS, CD8(+) T CELLS AND CD4(-)CD8(-) CELL FRACTIONS, RESPECTIVELY, BETWEEN TYPE 1 DIABETES-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODY-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS AND CONTROL PARTICIPANTS. THE ANALYSIS OF PRE-SEROCONVERSION SAMPLES IDENTIFIED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES AT THE VERY EARLY STAGE OF DISEASE, INCLUDING DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER OF IRF5 IN CD4(+) T CELLS. FURTHER, WE VALIDATED RRBS RESULTS USING PYROSEQUENCING AT THE FOLLOWING CPG SITES: CHR19:18118304 IN THE PROMOTER OF ARRDC2; CHR21:47307815 IN THE INTRON OF PCBP3; AND CHR14:81128398 IN THE INTERGENIC REGION NEAR TRAF3 IN CD4(+) T CELLS. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: THESE PRELIMINARY RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENES, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TYPE 1 DIABETES PATHOGENESIS AT THE VERY EARLY STAGE OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. SHOULD THESE FINDINGS BE VALIDATED, THEY MAY SERVE AS A POTENTIAL SIGNATURE USEFUL FOR DISEASE PREDICTION AND MANAGEMENT.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                           
7 1590  35 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN HUMAN LUNG TISSUE IDENTIFIES GENES ASSOCIATED WITH COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A SMOKING-RELATED DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY. ALTHOUGH ASSOCIATION STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED MULTIPLE GENOMIC REGIONS WITH REPLICATED ASSOCIATIONS TO COPD, GENETIC VARIATION ONLY PARTIALLY EXPLAINS THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LUNG DISEASE, AND SUGGESTS THE RELEVANCE OF EPIGENETIC INVESTIGATIONS. WE PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN HOMOGENIZED LUNG TISSUE SAMPLES FROM 46 CONTROL SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND 114 SUBJECTS WITH COPD, ALL FORMER SMOKERS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI WERE INTEGRATED WITH PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY RESULTS. THE TOP 535 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES, FILTERED FOR A MINIMUM MEAN METHYLATION DIFFERENCE OF 5% BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS, WERE ENRICHED FOR CPG SHELVES AND SHORES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. THE TOP DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES FROM THE INTERSECTION WITH PREVIOUS GWAS WERE IN CHRM1, GLT1D1, AND C10ORF11; SORTED BY GWAS P-VALUE, THE TOP SITES INCLUDED FRMD4A, THSD4, AND C10ORF11. EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES COMPLEMENT GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES TO IDENTIFY GENES POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN COPD PATHOGENESIS. ENRICHMENT FOR GENES IMPLICATED IN ASTHMA AND LUNG FUNCTION AND FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS SUGGESTS THE POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC RELEVANCE OF GENES IDENTIFIED THROUGH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AND THE INTERSECTION WITH A BROADER RANGE OF GWAS ASSOCIATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
8 4750  38 NOVEL REGIONAL AGE-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WITHIN HUMAN COMMON DISEASE-ASSOCIATED LOCI. BACKGROUND: ADVANCING AGE PROGRESSIVELY IMPACTS ON RISK AND SEVERITY OF CHRONIC DISEASE. IT ALSO MODIFIES THE EPIGENOME, WITH CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION, DUE TO BOTH RANDOM DRIFT AND VARIATION WITHIN SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL LOCI. RESULTS: IN A DISCOVERY SET OF 2238 PERIPHERAL-BLOOD GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLOMES AGED 19-82 YEARS, WE IDENTIFY 71 AGE-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS WITHIN THE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM BLOCKS OF THE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS FROM THE NIH GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY CATALOGUE. THIS INCLUDED 52 NOVEL REGIONS, 29 WITHIN LOCI NOT COVERED BY 450 K OR 27 K ILLUMINA ARRAY, AND WITH ENRICHMENT FOR DNASE-I HYPERSENSITIVITY SITES ACROSS THE FULL RANGE OF TISSUES. THESE AGE-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ALSO SHOW MARKED ENRICHMENT FOR ENHANCERS AND POISED PROMOTERS ACROSS MULTIPLE CELL TYPES. IN A REPLICATION SET OF 2084 DNA METHYLOMES, 95.7 % OF THE AGE-ASSOCIATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS SHOWED THE SAME DIRECTION OF AGEING EFFECT, WITH 80.3 % AND 53.5 % REPLICATED TO P < 0.05 AND P < 1.85 X 10(-8), RESPECTIVELY. CONCLUSION: BY ANALYSING THE FUNCTIONALLY ENRICHED DISEASE AND TRAIT-ASSOCIATED REGIONS OF THE HUMAN GENOME, WE IDENTIFY NOVEL EPIGENETIC AGEING CHANGES, WHICH COULD BE USEFUL BIOMARKERS OR PROVIDE MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO AGE-RELATED COMMON DISEASES.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
9 6080  40 THE EFFECT OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY USING THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY DATABASE. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KIDNEY DISEASE IS INCREASING, EPIGENETIC PROFILES, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION AND EXAMINE WHETHER THE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CKD DEVELOPMENT. METHOD: WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 440 PARTICIPANTS IN THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY (KOGES) WITH ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES (EGFRS) >/= 60 ML/MIN/1.73 M(2) AT BASELINE. CKD DEVELOPMENT WAS DEFINED AS A DECREASE IN THE EGFR OF <60 AT ANY TIME DURING AN 8-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD ("CKD PREDICTION" ANALYSIS). IN ADDITION, AMONG THE 440 PARTICIPANTS, 49 PARTICIPANTS WHO UNDERWENT A SECOND METHYLATION PROFILING WERE ASSESSED FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION AND CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF CPG SITES DURING THE 8 YEARS ("KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE" ANALYSIS). RESULTS: IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS, METHYLATION PROFILES OF A TOTAL OF 403,129 CPG SITES WERE EVALUATED AT BASELINE IN 440 PARTICIPANTS, AND INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION OF 268 AND 189 CPG SITES, RESPECTIVELY, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD IN MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. DURING KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSIS USING FOLLOW-UP METHYLATION PROFILES OF 49 PARTICIPANTS, THE PERCENT METHYLATION CHANGES IN 913 CPG SITES SHOWED A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PERCENT CHANGE IN EGFR DURING 8 YEARS. DURING FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES FOR SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES FOUND IN THE CKD PREDICTION AND KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSES, WE FOUND THAT THOSE CPG SITES REPRESENTED MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AND RAP1 PATHWAYS. IN ADDITION, THREE CPG SITES FROM THREE GENES, NPHS2, CHCHD4, AND AHR, WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANT IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS AND RELATED TO A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION. CONCLUSION: IT IS SUGGESTED THAT DNA METHYLATION ON SPECIFIC GENES IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD AND THE DETERIORATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION.	2023	

10 1537  31 DNA METHYLATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDER: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. ANXIETY DISORDERS (AD) TYPICALLY MANIFEST IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND MIGHT PERSIST INTO ADULTHOOD. HOWEVER, THERE ARE STILL FEW DATA CONCERNING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ONSET, PERSISTENCE OR REMISSION OF AD OVER TIME. WE INVESTIGATED A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AT BASELINE (AGE; 13.19 +/- 2.38) AND AFTER 5 YEARS AND CLASSIFIED THEM ACCORDING TO THE AD DIAGNOSIS AND THEIR LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES INTO 4 GROUPS: (1) TYPICALLY DEVELOPING COMPARISONS (TDC; CONTROL GROUP, N = 14); (2) INCIDENT (AD IN THE SECOND EVALUATION ONLY, N = 11); (3) PERSISTENT (AD IN BOTH EVALUATIONS, N = 14) AND (4) REMITTENT (AD IN THE FIRST EVALUATION ONLY, N = 8). DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED WITH THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP FROM SALIVA SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BOTH EVALUATIONS. GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED TO CONSIDER BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. WE FOUND DECREASED DNA METHYLATION IN TDC GROUP WHILE THE CHRONIC CASES OF AD PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS. MOREOVER, WE SHOWED THAT THIS PERSISTENT GROUP ALSO PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION WHILE THE OTHER THREE GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION IN NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY. INCIDENCE AND REMISSION GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION IN NEURON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. LARGER STUDIES ARE LIKELY TO DETECT SPECIFIC GENES RELEVANT TO AD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11 2921  34 GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ADULTS IN BANGLADESH. BACKGROUND: INORGANIC ARSENIC IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON NATURALLY OCCURRING CONTAMINANTS FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT. ARSENIC IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION SUGGESTED AS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF TOXICITY. OBJECTIVE: AMONG A SAMPLE OF 400 ADULT PARTICIPANTS, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE, AS MEASURED BY BLOOD AND URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS, AND EPIGENOME-WIDE WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND METHYLATION AT EACH CPG SITE, ADJUSTED FOR SEX, AGE, AND BATCH. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI WERE SUBSEQUENTLY EXAMINED IN RELATION TO CORRESPONDING GENE EXPRESSION FOR FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE OF GENE REGULATION. RESULTS: IN ADJUSTED ANALYSES, WE OBSERVED FOUR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND THREE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE BONFERRONI-CORRECTED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLD OF P < 1 X 10(-7). METHYLATION OF PLA2G2C (PROBE CG04605617) WAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED LOCUS IN RELATION TO BOTH URINARY (P = 3.40 X 10(-11)) AND BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS (P = 1.48 X 10(-11)). THREE ADDITIONAL NOVEL METHYLATION LOCI-SQSTM1 (CG01225779), SLC4A4 (CG06121226), AND IGH (CG13651690)--WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC EXPOSURE. FURTHER, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF METHYLATION-RELATED GENE REGULATION BASED ON GENE EXPRESSION FOR A SUBSET OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI. CONCLUSIONS: WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PATHWAY UNDERLYING ARSENIC TOXICITY. THE SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI IDENTIFIED MAY INFORM POTENTIAL PATHWAYS FOR FUTURE INTERVENTIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
12  381  49 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF EARLY-ONSET MAJOR DEPRESSION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. MAJOR DEPRESSION (MD) IS A DEBILITATING MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION WITH PEAK PREVALENCE OCCURRING EARLY IN LIFE. GENOME-WIDE EXAMINATION OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) OFFERS AN ATTRACTIVE COMPLEMENT TO STUDIES OF ALLELIC RISK GIVEN IT CAN REFLECT THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF GENES AND ENVIRONMENT. THE CURRENT STUDY USED MONOZYGOTIC TWINS TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF THE GENOME THAT DISTINGUISH TWINS WITH AND WITHOUT A LIFETIME HISTORY OF EARLY-ONSET MD. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED 150 CAUCASIAN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 20 (73% FEMALE; MAGE = 17.52 SD = 1.28) WHO WERE ASSESSED DURING A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY RELATIVELY DISTINCT NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES. ALL TWINS WERE GENERALLY HEALTHY AND CURRENTLY FREE OF MEDICATIONS WITH PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECTS. DNAM WAS MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS USING THE INFINIUM HUMAN BEADCHIP 450 K ARRAY. MD ASSOCIATIONS WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE DETECTED AT 760 DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED PROBES/REGIONS THAT MAPPED TO 428 GENES. GENES AND GENOMIC REGIONS INVOLVED NEURAL CIRCUITRY FORMATION, PROJECTION, FUNCTIONING, AND PLASTICITY. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSES IMPLICATED GENES RELATED TO NEURON STRUCTURES AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES INCLUDING CELL-CELL ADHESION GENES (E.G., PCDHA GENES). GENES PREVIOUSLY IMPLICATED IN MOOD AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AS WELL AS CHRONIC STRESS (E.G., NRG3) ALSO WERE IDENTIFIED. DNAM REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE FOUND TO OVERLAP GENETIC LOCI IDENTIFIED IN THE LATEST PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICS CONSORTIUM META-ANALYSIS OF DEPRESSION. UNDERSTANDING THE TIME COURSE OF EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES DURING EMERGING ADULTHOOD MAY CLARIFY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES WHERE CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLOME MAY MODULATE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MD RISK.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13 2488  38 EPIGENETICALLY DYSREGULATED GENES AND PATHWAYS IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NON-SYNDROMIC HIGH MYOPIA. MYOPIA, COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS NEARSIGHTEDNESS, IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF VISUAL DISABILITY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. IT AFFECTS MORE PEOPLE WORLDWIDE THAN ANY OTHER CHRONIC VISUAL IMPAIRMENT CONDITION. ALTHOUGH THE PREVALENCE VARIES AMONG VARIOUS ETHNIC GROUPS, THE INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA IS INCREASING IN ALL POPULATIONS ACROSS GLOBE. THUS, IT IS CONSIDERED A PRESSING PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM. BOTH GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT PLAY A ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF MYOPIA. TO ELUCIDATE THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM(S) UNDERLYING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HIGH-MYOPIA, WE CONDUCTED METHYLATION PROFILING IN 18 CASES AND 18 MATCHED CONTROLS (AGED 4-12 YEARS), USING ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIPS ARRAY. THE DEGREE OF MYOPIA WAS VARIABLE AMONG SUBJECTS, RANGING FROM -6 TO -15D. WE IDENTIFIED 1541 HYPERMETHYLATED CPGS, REPRESENTING 1745 GENES (2.0-FOLD OR HIGHER) (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE (FDR) P </= 0.05), MULTIPLE CPGS WERE P < 5 X 10(-8) WITH A RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC AREA UNDER THE CURVE (ROC-AUC) >/= 0.75 IN HIGH-MYOPIA SUBJECTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS. AMONG THESE, 48 CPGS HAD EXCELLENT CORRELATION (AUC >/= 0.90). HEREIN, WE PRESENT THE FIRST GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN A UNIQUE HIGH-MYOPIA COHORT, SHOWING EXTENSIVE AND DISCRETE METHYLATION CHANGES RELATIVE TO CONTROLS. THE GENES WE IDENTIFIED HOLD SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL AS TARGETS FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION EITHER ALONE, OR IN COMBINATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14 2620  39 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION DATA IMPLICATES DNA METHYLATION-MEDIATED GENETIC RISK IN PSORIASIS. BACKGROUND: PSORIASIS IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY EPIDERMAL HYPERPROLIFERATION AND ALTERED KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND INFLAMMATION AND IS CAUSED BY THE INTERPLAY OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE REVEALED THAT DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) AND GENETIC MAKERS ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH PSORIASIS, AND STRONG EVIDENCES HAVE SHOWN THAT DNAM CAN BE CONTROLLED BY GENETIC FACTORS, WHICH ATTRACTED US TO EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DNAM, GENETIC MAKERS, AND DISEASE STATUS. METHODS: WE UTILIZED THE GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION DATA OF PSORIATIC SKIN (PP, N = 114) AND UNAFFECTED CONTROL SKIN (NN, N = 62) TISSUE SAMPLES IN OUR PREVIOUS STUDY, AND WE PERFORMED WHOLE-GENOME GENOTYPING WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF THE SAME SAMPLES TO EVALUATE THE UNDERLYING GENETIC EFFECT ON SKIN DNA METHYLATION. CAUSAL INFERENCE TEST (CIT) WAS USED TO ASSESS WHETHER DNAM REGULATE GENETIC VARIATION AND GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC BASIS OF PSORIASIS SUSCEPTIBILITY. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 129 SNP-CPG PAIRS ACHIEVING THE SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION THRESHOLD, WHICH CONSTITUTED 28 UNIQUE METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (METHQTL) AND 34 UNIQUE CPGS. THERE ARE 18 SNPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PSORIASIS AT A BONFERONI-CORRECTED P < 0.05, AND THESE 18 SNPS FORMED 93 SNP-CPG PAIRS WITH 17 UNIQUE CPG SITES. WE FOUND THAT 11 OF 93 SNP-CPG PAIRS, COMPOSED OF 5 UNIQUE SNPS AND 3 CPG SITES, PRESENTED A METHYLATION-MEDIATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SNPS AND PSORIASIS. THE 3 CPG SITES WERE LOCATED ON THE BODY OF C1ORF106, THE TSS1500 PROMOTER REGION OF DMBX1 AND THE BODY OF SIK3. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY REVEALED THAT DNAM OF SOME GENES CAN BE CONTROLLED BY GENETIC FACTORS AND ALSO MEDIATE RISK VARIATION FOR PSORIASIS IN CHINESE HAN POPULATION AND PROVIDED NOVEL MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15 1591  41 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN PERIPHERAL LUNG TISSUES OF SMOKERS AND PATIENTS WITH COPD. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETICS CHANGES HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE AFFECTED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING. CIGARETTE SMOKE (CS)-MEDIATED DNA METHYLATION CAN POTENTIALLY AFFECT SEVERAL CELLULAR AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, ACUTE EXACERBATIONS, AND COMORBIDITY IN THE LUNGS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER GENOME-WIDE LUNG DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF SMOKERS AND PATIENTS WITH COPD WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM NON-SMOKERS. WE ISOLATED DNA FROM PARENCHYMAL LUNG TISSUES OF PATIENTS INCLUDING EIGHT LIFELONG NON-SMOKERS, EIGHT CURRENT SMOKERS, AND EIGHT PATIENTS WITH COPD AND ANALYZED THE SAMPLES USING ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. RESULTS: OUR DATA REVEALED THAT THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE RELATED TO TOP CANONICAL PATHWAYS (E.G., G BETA GAMMA SIGNALING, MECHANISMS OF CANCER, AND NNOS SIGNALING IN NEURONS), DISEASE AND DISORDERS (ORGANISMAL INJURY AND ABNORMALITIES, CANCER, AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE), AND MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR FUNCTIONS (CELL DEATH AND SURVIVAL, CELLULAR ASSEMBLY AND ORGANIZATION, CELLULAR FUNCTION AND MAINTENANCE) IN PATIENTS WITH COPD. THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED SUGGESTIVE GENES, SUCH AS NOS1AP, TNFAIP2, BID, GABRB1, ATXN7, AND THOC7 WITH DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN COPD LUNG TISSUES THAT WERE FURTHER VALIDATED BY PYROSEQUENCING. PYROSEQUENCING VALIDATION CONFIRMED HYPER-METHYLATION IN SMOKERS AND PATIENTS WITH COPD AS COMPARED TO NON-SMOKERS. HOWEVER, WE DID NOT DETECT SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION FOR TNFAIP2, ATXN7, AND THOC7 GENES IN SMOKERS AND COPD GROUPS DESPITE THE CHANGES OBSERVED IN THE GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT DNA METHYLATION IN SUGGESTIVE GENES, SUCH AS NOS1AP, BID, AND GABRB1 MAY BE USED AS EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN SMOKERS AND PATIENTS WITH COPD IF THE SAME IS VALIDATED IN A LARGER COHORT. FUTURE STUDIES ARE REQUIRED TO CORRELATE DNA METHYLATION STATUS WITH TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF SELECTIVE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY AND ELUCIDATE THEIR ROLE AND INVOLVEMENT IN THE PROGRESSION OF COPD AND ITS EXACERBATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                         
16 2653  39 EPIGENOTYPING IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA AND BREAST CANCER RISK: A PROOF OF PRINCIPLE STUDY. BACKGROUND: EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE EMERGING AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS. TWO ALTERATIONS IN THE PATTERN OF DNA METHYLATION IN BREAST CANCER (BC) HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY REPORTED; ACTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ER-ALPHA) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED METHYLATION OF ER-ALPHA TARGET (ERT) GENES, AND POLYCOMB GROUP TARGET (PCGT) GENES ARE MORE LIKELY THAN OTHER GENES TO HAVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN CANCER. HOWEVER, WHETHER DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL UNRELATED CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BC RISK AND WHETHER THESE IMPRINTS CAN BE RELATED TO FACTORS WHICH CAN BE MODIFIED BY THE ENVIRONMENT, IS UNCLEAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: USING QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (N = 1,083) WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA PROVIDES GOOD PREDICTION OF BC RISK. WE ALSO REPORT THAT INVASIVE DUCTAL AND INVASIVE LOBULAR BC IS CHARACTERIZED BY TWO DIFFERENT SETS OF GENES, THE LATTER PARTICULAR BY GENES INVOLVED IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MESENCHYME (PITX2, TITF1, GDNF AND MYOD1). FINALLY WE DEMONSTRATE THAT ONLY ERT GENES PREDICT ER POSITIVE BC; LACK OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION OF ZNF217 PREDICTED BC INDEPENDENT OF AGE AND FAMILY HISTORY (ODDS RATIO 1.49; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 1.12-1.97; P = 0.006) AND WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ER-ALPHA BIOACTIVITY IN THE CORRESPONDING SERUM. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: THIS FIRST LARGE-SCALE EPIGENOTYPING STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT DNA METHYLATION MAY SERVE AS A LINK BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE GENOME. FACTORS THAT CAN BE MODULATED BY THE ENVIRONMENT (LIKE ESTROGENS) LEAVE AN IMPRINT IN THE DNA OF CELLS THAT ARE UNRELATED TO THE TARGET ORGAN AND INDICATE THE PREDISPOSITION TO DEVELOP A CANCER. FURTHER RESEARCH WILL NEED TO DEMONSTRATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WILL BE ABLE TO SERVE AS A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASES WITH SUFFICIENT ACCURACY TO GUIDE PREVENTIVE MEASURES.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17 1519  30 DNA METHYLATION AT ATP11A CG11702988 IS A BIOMARKER OF LUNG DISEASE SEVERITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) IS A CHRONIC GENETIC DISEASE THAT MAINLY AFFECTS THE RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMS. NO CURATIVE TREATMENTS ARE AVAILABLE, BUT THE FOLLOW-UP IN SPECIALIZED CENTERS HAS GREATLY IMPROVED THE PATIENT LIFE EXPECTANCY. ROBUST BIOMARKERS ARE REQUIRED TO MONITOR THE DISEASE, GUIDE TREATMENTS, STRATIFY PATIENTS, AND PROVIDE OUTCOME MEASURES IN CLINICAL TRIALS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE OUTLINE A STRATEGY TO SELECT PUTATIVE DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS OF LUNG DISEASE SEVERITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS. IN THE DISCOVERY STEP, WE SELECTED SEVEN POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS USING A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION DATASET THAT WE GENERATED IN NASAL EPITHELIAL SAMPLES FROM THE METHYLCF COHORT. IN THE REPLICATION STEP, WE ASSESSED THE SAME BIOMARKERS USING SPUTUM CELL SAMPLES FROM THE METHYLBIOMARK COHORT. OF INTEREST, DNA METHYLATION AT THE CG11702988 SITE (ATP11A GENE) POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH LUNG FUNCTION AND BMI, AND NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH LUNG DISEASE SEVERITY, P. AERUGINOSA CHRONIC INFECTION, AND THE NUMBER OF EXACERBATIONS. THESE RESULTS WERE REPLICATED IN PROSPECTIVE SPUTUM SAMPLES COLLECTED AT FOUR TIME POINTS WITHIN AN 18-MONTH PERIOD AND LONGITUDINALLY. TO CONCLUDE, (I) WE IDENTIFIED A DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKER THAT CORRELATES WITH CF SEVERITY, (II) WE PROVIDED A METHOD TO EASILY ASSESS THIS BIOMARKER, AND (III) WE CARRIED OUT THE FIRST LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION IN CF PATIENTS. THIS NEW EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER COULD BE USED TO STRATIFY CF PATIENTS IN CLINICAL TRIALS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18 1579  42 DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF LIVER OF MICE CONCEIVED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION. OFFSPRING GENERATED BY IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) ARE BELIEVED TO BE HEALTHY BUT DISPLAY A POSSIBLE PREDISPOSITION TO CHRONIC DISEASES, LIKE HYPERTENSION AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. SINCE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE BELIEVED TO UNDERLIE SUCH PHENOTYPE, THIS STUDY AIMED AT DESCRIBING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE LIVER OF ADULT MICE GENERATED BY NATURAL MATING (FB GROUP) OR BY IVF. EMBRYOS WERE GENERATED BY IVF OR NATURAL MATING. AT 30 WEEKS OF AGE, MICE WERE SACRIFICED. THE LIVER WAS REMOVED, AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED USING WHOLE-GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING (WGBS). GENOMIC REGIONS FOR ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS TOOL (GREAT) AND G:PROFILERBETA WERE USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) AND FOR FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS. OVERREPRESENTED GENE ONTOLOGY TERMS WERE SUMMARIZED WITH REVIGO, WHILE CANONICAL PATHWAYS (CPS) WERE IDENTIFIED WITH INGENUITY(R) PATHWAY ANALYSIS. OVERALL, 2692 DMRS (4.91%) WERE DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE GROUPS. THE MAJORITY OF DMRS (84.92%) WERE HYPOMETHYLATED IN THE IVF GROUP. SURPRISINGLY, ONLY 0.16% OF CPG ISLANDS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AND ONLY A FEW DMRS WERE LOCATED ON KNOWN GENE PROMOTERS (N = 283) OR ENHANCERS (N = 190). NOTABLY, THE LONG-INTERSPERSED ELEMENT (LINE), SHORT-INTERSPERSED ELEMENT (SINE), AND LONG TERMINAL REPEAT (LTR1) TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS SHOWED REDUCED METHYLATION (P < 0.05) IN IVF LIVERS. CELLULAR METABOLIC PROCESS, HEPATIC FIBROSIS, AND INSULIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING WERE SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND CPS MODIFIED BY IVF. IN SUMMARY, IVF MODIFIES THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE IN THE ADULT LIVER, RESULTING IN HYPOMETHYLATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN METABOLISM AND GENE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION. THESE FINDINGS MAY SHED LIGHT ON THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGIN OF HEALTH AND DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19 3954  29 LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 METHYLATION STATUS IN THE CIRCULATING DNA FROM BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES. ALONG WITH OTHER MALIGNANT DISEASES, LUNG CANCER ARISES FROM THE PRECANCEROUS LUNG TISSUE STATE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (HYPERMETHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF RETROTRANSPOSONS) IS KNOWN AS ONE OF THE DRIVING FORCES OF MALIGNANT CELL TRANSFORMATION. EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE SHOWN TO BE DETECTABLE IN DNA, CIRCULATING IN THE BLOOD (CIRDNA) OF CANCER PATIENTS, INDICATING THE POSSIBILITY TO USE THEM AS CANCER MARKERS. THE CURRENT STUDY IS THE FIRST TO COMPARE THE LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE BLOOD FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT VERSUS DIFFERENT CONTROL GROUPS AS HEALTHY SUBJECTS, PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE CONCENTRATION OF LINE-1 METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, REGION 1 (LINE-1 METHYLATED, LINE-1-MET) WAS ESTIMATED BY QUANTITATIVE METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR. THE TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF THE CIRCULATING LINE-1 COPIES WAS MEASURED BY QPCR SPECIFIC FOR LINE-1 REGION 2, WHICH WAS SELECTED DUE TO ITS CPG METHYLATION-INDEPENDENT SEQUENCE (LINE-1-IND). BOTH LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL AND LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX (LINE-1-MET/LINE-1-IND RATIO) WAS DECREASED IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE JOINT CONTROL GROUP (HEALTHY SUBJECTS + PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS + COPD PATIENTS) (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.016). WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE TENDENCY OF LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX DECREASES IN THE CIRDNA FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS VERSUS COPD PATIENTS (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.07). OUR DATA INDICATE THAT THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE CIRDNA IS VALUABLE FOR DISCRIMINATION OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
20 5883  37 SYSTEMIC AND AIRWAY EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH STATUS IN COPD. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE COMMON IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD); HOWEVER, THEIR CLINICAL RELEVANCE IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOMS AND HEALTH STATUS IN COPD. WE PROFILED THE BLOOD (N = 57) AND AIRWAYS (N = 62) OF COPD PATIENTS FOR DNA METHYLATION (N = 55 PAIRED). THE PATIENTS' HEALTH STATUS WAS ASSESSED USING THE ST. GEORGE'S RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE (SGRQ). WE CONDUCTED DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION ANALYSES AND IDENTIFIED PATHWAYS CHARACTERIZED BY EPIGENETIC DISRUPTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SGRQ SCORES AND ITS INDIVIDUAL DOMAINS. 29,211 AND 5044 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) WERE ASSOCIATED WITH TOTAL SGRQ SCORES IN BLOOD AND AIRWAY SAMPLES, RESPECTIVELY. THE ACTIVITY, IMPACT, AND SYMPTOM DOMAINS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH 9161, 25,689 AND 17,293 DMPS IN BLOOD, RESPECTIVELY; AND 4674, 3730 AND 5063 DMPS IN AIRWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. THERE WAS A SUBSTANTIAL OVERLAP OF DMPS BETWEEN AIRWAY AND BLOOD. DMPS WERE ENRICHED FOR PATHWAYS RELATED TO COMMON CO-MORBIDITIES OF COPD (E.G., AGEING, CANCER AND NEUROLOGICAL) IN BOTH TISSUES. HEALTH STATUS IN COPD IS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRWAY AND SYSTEMIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES ESPECIALLY IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CO-MORBIDITIES OF COPD. THERE ARE MORE BLOOD DMPS THAN IN THE AIRWAYS SUGGESTING THAT BLOOD EPIGENOME IS A PROMISING SOURCE TO DISCOVER BIOMARKERS FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COPD.	2023