1 1949 91 EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF ASCT2 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS CONTRIBUTES TO DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR BY REGULATING D-SERINE IN MICE. THE ROLES OF D-SERINE IN DEPRESSION ARE RAISED CONCERNED RECENTLY AS AN INTRINSIC CO-AGONIST FOR THE NMDA RECEPTOR. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ITS REGULATION ARE NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED. ASCT2 IS A NA(+)-DEPENDENT D-SERINE TRANSPORTER. WE FOUND THAT DECREASED D-SERINE AND INCREASED HIPPOCAMPAL ASCT2 LEVELS CORRELATED WITH CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (CSDS) IN MICE. LENTIVIRUS-MEDIATED SHRNA-MEDIATED KNOCKDOWN OF ASCT2 AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF EXOGENOUS D-SERINE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS ALLEVIATED CSDS-INDUCED SOCIAL AVOIDANCE AND IMMOBILITY. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS REVEALED THAT UPREGULATION OF ASCT2 EXPRESSION IN CSDS WAS REGULATED THROUGH HISTONE HYPER-ACETYLATION, NOT DNA METHYLATION IN ITS PROMOTER REGION. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DEMONSTRATED THE CO-LOCALIZATION OF ASCT2 AND D-SERINE. UPTAKE OF D-SERINE BY ASCT2 WAS DEMONSTRATED BY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT CSDS INDUCES ASCT2 EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION AND DECREASES HIPPOCAMPAL D-SERINE LEVELS, LEADING TO SOCIAL AVOIDANCE, AND IMMOBILITY. THUS, TARGETING D-SERINE TRANSPORT REPRESENTS AN ATTRACTIVE NEW STRATEGY FOR TREATING DEPRESSION.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
2 5838 42 STRIATAL SHATI/NAT8L-BDNF PATHWAYS DETERMINE THE SENSITIVITY TO SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS IN MICE THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THE GLOBAL NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION INCREASES IN CORRELATION TO EXPOSURE TO SOCIAL STRESS. CHRONIC STRESS DOES NOT TRIGGER DEPRESSION IN ALL INDIVIDUALS, AS SOME REMAIN RESILIENT. THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO STRESS SENSITIVITY HAVE BEEN POORLY UNDERSTOOD, ALTHOUGH REVEALING THE REGULATION OF STRESS SENSITIVITY COULD HELP DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION. WE PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT STRIATAL SHATI/NAT8L, AN N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE, WAS INCREASED IN A DEPRESSION MOUSE MODEL. WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLES OF SHATI/NAT8L IN STRESS SENSITIVITY IN MICE AND FOUND THAT SHATI/NAT8L AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) LEVELS IN THE DORSAL STRIATUM WERE INCREASED IN STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE BUT NOT IN RESILIENT MICE EXPOSED TO REPEATED SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS (RSDS). KNOCKDOWN OF SHATI/NAT8L IN THE DORSAL STRIATUM INDUCED RESILIENCE TO RSDS. IN ADDITION, BLOCKADE OF BDNF SIGNALING IN THE DORSAL STRIATUM BY ANA-12, A BDNF-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR TROPOMYOSIN-RECEPTOR-KINASE B (TRKB) INHIBITOR, ALSO INDUCED RESILIENCE TO STRESS. SHATI/NAT8L IS CORRELATED WITH BDNF EXPRESSION AFTER RSDS, AND BDNF IS DOWNSTREAM OF SHATI/NAT8L PATHWAYS IN THE DORSAL STRIATUM; SHATI/NAT8L IS EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED BY BDNF VIA HISTONE ACETYLATION. OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT STRIATAL SHATI/NAT8L-BDNF PATHWAYS DETERMINE STRESS SENSITIVITY THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION. THE STRIATAL SHATI/NAT8L-BDNF PATHWAY COULD BE A NOVEL TARGET FOR TREATMENTS OF DEPRESSION AND COULD ESTABLISH A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR DEPRESSION PATIENTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3 1330 40 DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS ARE REGULATED BY NOX1/NADPH OXIDASE BY REDOX MODIFICATION OF NMDA RECEPTOR 1. INVOLVEMENT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) HAS BEEN SUGGESTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. NOX1 IS A NONPHAGOCYTIC FORM OF NADPH OXIDASE WHOSE EXPRESSION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS NEGLIGIBLE COMPARED WITH OTHER NOX ISOFORMS. HOWEVER, NOX1-DERIVED ROS INCREASE INFLAMMATORY PAIN AND TOLERANCE TO OPIOID ANALGESIA. TO CLARIFY THE ROLE OF NOX1 IN THE BRAIN, WE EXAMINED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN MICE DEFICIENT IN NOX1 (NOX1(-/Y)). DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS OR ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY AMELIORATED IN NOX1(-/Y) GENERATION OF ROS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF MICE ADMINISTRATED WITH CORT, WHILE NOX1 MRNA WAS UPREGULATED ONLY IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (VTA) AMONG BRAIN AREAS RESPONSIBLE FOR EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORS. DELIVERY OF MIRNA AGAINST NOX1 TO VTA RESTORED CORT-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS IN WILD-TYPE (WT) LITTERMATES. ADMINISTRATION OF CORT TO WT, BUT NOT TO NOX1(-/Y), SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), WITH A CONCOMITANT INCREASE IN DNA METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGIONS IN BDNF DELIVERY OF MIRNA AGAINST NOX1 TO VTA RESTORED THE LEVEL OF BDNF MRNA IN WT PFC. REDOX PROTEOME ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED THAT NMDA RECEPTOR 1 (NR1) WAS AMONG THE MOLECULES REDOX REGULATED BY NOX1. IN CULTURED CORTICAL NEURONS, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SIGNIFICANTLY SUPPRESSED NMDA-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTS IN NR1-EXPRESSING CELLS BUT NOT IN CELLS HARBORING MUTANT NR1 (C744A). TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST A KEY ROLE OF NOX1 IN DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS THROUGH NR1-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF IN THE MESOPREFRONTAL PROJECTION.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT NADPH OXIDASE IS A SOURCE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) THAT HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARIOUS NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. WE PRESENTLY SHOWED THE INVOLVEMENT OF A NONPHAGOCYTIC TYPE OF NADPH OXIDASE, NOX1, IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS, INCLUDING BEHAVIORAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN MICE. THE OXIDATION OF NR1 BY NOX1-DERIVED ROS WAS DEMONSTRATED IN PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC), WHICH MAY BE CAUSALLY LINKED TO THE DOWNREGULATION OF BDNF, PROMOTING DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. GIVEN THAT NOX1 IS UPREGULATED ONLY IN VTA BUT NOT IN PFC, MESOCORTICAL PROJECTIONS APPEAR TO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN NOX1-DEPENDENT DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. OUR STUDY IS THE FIRST TO PRESENT THE POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR DEPRESSION THROUGH THE NOX1-INDUCED OXIDATION OF NR1 AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF BDNF.	2017	

4  786 31 CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC EDITING AT THE FOSB GENE CONTROLS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF FOSB IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) TO PROMOTE THE CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC ACCUMULATION OF DELTAFOSB IN THE TWO MEDIUM SPINY NEURON (MSN) SUBTYPES IN THIS REGION. DELTAFOSB IS SELECTIVELY INDUCED IN D1-MSNS IN THE NAC OF RESILIENT MICE, AND IN D2-MSNS OF SUSCEPTIBLE MICE. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH SELECTIVE INDUCTION, PARTICULARLY IN D2-MSNS. THIS STUDY EXAMINED HOW CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF THE ENDOGENOUS FOSB GENE IN NAC REGULATES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS. HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS (HPTMS) WERE TARGETED SPECIFICALLY TO FOSB USING ENGINEERED ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS (ZFPS). FOSB-ZFPS WERE FUSED TO EITHER THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR, G9A, WHICH PROMOTES HISTONE METHYLATION OR THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR, P65, WHICH PROMOTES HISTONE ACETYLATION. THESE ZFPS WERE EXPRESSED IN D1- VS D2-MSNS USING CRE-DEPENDENT VIRAL EXPRESSION IN THE NAC OF MICE TRANSGENIC FOR CRE RECOMBINASE IN THESE MSN SUBTYPES. WE FOUND THAT STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY IS OPPOSITELY REGULATED BY THE SPECIFIC CELL TYPE AND HPTM TARGETED. WE REPORT THAT FOSB-TARGETED HISTONE ACETYLATION IN D2-MSNS OR HISTONE METHYLATION IN D1-MSNS PROMOTES A STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE PHENOTYPE, WHILE HISTONE METHYLATION IN D2-MSNS OR HISTONE ACETYLATION IN D1-MSNS INCREASES RESILIENCE TO SOCIAL STRESS AS QUANTIFIED BY SOCIAL INTERACTION BEHAVIOR AND SUCROSE PREFERENCE. THIS WORK PRESENTS THE FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF CELL- AND GENE-SPECIFIC TARGETING OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, WHICH MODEL NATURALLY OCCURRING TRANSCRIPTIONAL PHENOMENA THAT CONTROL SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS BEHAVIOR. THIS EPIGENETIC-EDITING APPROACH, WHICH RECAPITULATES PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, REVEALS CLEAR DIFFERENCES IN THE SOCIAL DEFEAT PHENOTYPE INDUCED BY FOSB GENE MANIPULATION IN MSN SUBTYPES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
5 5152 26 PPM1F IN DENTATE GYRUS MODULATES ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS BY REGULATING BDNF EXPRESSION VIA AKT/JNK/P-H3S10 PATHWAY. ANXIETY IS A SERIOUS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER, WITH A HIGHER INCIDENCE RATE IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN. PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE MG(2+)/MN(2+)-DEPENDENT 1F (PPM1F), A SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASE, HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR FUNCTIONS. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF PPM1F AND ITS NEURONAL SUBSTRATES ON ANXIETY REMAIN LARGELY UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOWED THAT CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS) INDUCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS ONLY IN FEMALE MICE, WHILE ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS (ARS) PRODUCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE MICE IN LIGHT-DARK AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TESTS AND INDUCED UPREGULATION OF PPM1F AND DOWNREGULATION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS-MEDIATED OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F OR CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT OF BDNF IN DENTATE GYRUS (DG) LED TO A MORE PRONOUNCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE THAN IN MALE MICE AS INDICATED BY THE BEHAVIORAL EVALUATIONS. MEANWHILE, OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F IN THE DG DECREASED TOTAL BDNF EXON-SPECIFIC MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS WITH THE DECREASED BINDING ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHORYLATED H3S10 TO ITS INDIVIDUAL PROMOTERS IN FEMALE MICE. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F DECREASED THE PHOSPHORYLATION LEVELS OF AKT AND JNK IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF FEMALE MICE. THESE RESULTS MAY SUGGEST THAT PPM1F REGULATES ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS BY MODULATING BDNF EXPRESSION AND H3S10 PHOSPHORYLATION-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, WHICH MAY BE SERVED AS POTENTIALLY PATHOLOGICAL GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY OR OTHER MENTAL DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 5503 23 RGS9-2--CONTROLLED ADAPTATIONS IN THE STRIATUM DETERMINE THE ONSET OF ACTION AND EFFICACY OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN STATES. THE STRIATAL PROTEIN REGULATOR OF G-PROTEIN SIGNALING 9-2 (RGS9-2) PLAYS A KEY MODULATORY ROLE IN OPIOID, MONOAMINE, AND OTHER G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR RESPONSES. HERE, WE USE THE MURINE SPARED-NERVE INJURY MODEL OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN TO INVESTIGATE THE MECHANISM BY WHICH RGS9-2 IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC), A BRAIN REGION INVOLVED IN MOOD, REWARD, AND MOTIVATION, MODULATES THE ACTIONS OF TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAS). PREVENTION OF RGS9-2 ACTION IN THE NAC INCREASES THE EFFICACY OF THE TCA DESIPRAMINE AND DRAMATICALLY ACCELERATES ITS ONSET OF ACTION. BY CONTROLLING THE ACTIVATION OF EFFECTOR MOLECULES BY G PROTEIN ALPHA AND BETAGAMMA SUBUNITS, RGS9-2 AFFECTS SEVERAL PROTEIN INTERACTIONS, PHOSPHOPROTEIN LEVELS, AND THE FUNCTION OF THE EPIGENETIC MODIFIER HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5, WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR TCA RESPONSIVENESS. FURTHERMORE, INFORMATION FROM RNA-SEQUENCING ANALYSIS REVEALS THAT RGS9-2 IN THE NAC AFFECTS THE EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES KNOWN TO BE INVOLVED IN NOCICEPTION, ANALGESIA, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG ACTIONS. OUR FINDINGS PROVIDE NOVEL INFORMATION ON NAC-SPECIFIC CELLULAR MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE THE ACTIONS OF TCAS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN STATES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7 5713 30 SIRT2 INHIBITION REVERSES ANHEDONIA IN THE VGLUT1+/- DEPRESSION MODEL. SOME HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDACS) ENZYMES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS EPIGENETIC TARGETS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTION. AMONG THEM, WE HAVE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED SIRT2, A CLASS III NAD(+)-DEPENDENT HDAC, AS BEING OPPOSITELY REGULATED BY STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS. MOREOVER, SIRT2 INHIBITION HAS SHOWN ANTIANHEDONIC-LIKE ACTION IN THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION. HERE WE HAVE EXTENDED THE STUDY USING AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF DEPRESSION BASED IN A GENETIC MANIPULATION OF GLUTAMATE FUNCTION. SPECIFICALLY, MICE HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER 1 (VGLUT1+/-) WERE USED. FIRSTLY, MRNA EXPRESSION OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE HDAC SUPERFAMILY IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF VGLUT1+/- MICE AND WT LITTERMATES WERE STUDIED BY RT-PCR. SECONDLY, THE EFFECT OF REPEATED TREATMENT WITH THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I AND THE ANTIDEPRESSANT IMIPRAMINE ON ANHEDONIC BEHAVIOUR OF VGLUT1+/- MICE WAS STUDIED BY WEEKLY MONITORING OF SUCROSE INTAKE. FURTHER, THE INTERACTION OF 33I TOWARDS SPECIFIC MONOAMINERGIC TARGETS SUCH AS SEROTONIN OR NORADRENALINE TRANSPORTERS AS WELL AS THE MONOAMINOOXIDASE ENZYME WAS STUDIED. THE MRNA OCCURANCE OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF HDAC SUPERFAMILY WAS NOT ALTERED IN THE PFC OF VGLUT1+/- MICE. WHILE REPEATED IMIPRAMINE SHOWED AN ANTI-ANHEDONIC ACTION IN BOTH VGLUT1+/- AND WT, THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I FULLY REVERSED ANHEDONIA OF VGLUT1+/-. FURTHER, 33I SHOWED NO INTERACTION WITH THE ABOVE MENTIONED MONOAMINERGIC MOLECULAR TARGETS. THESE RESULTS CONFIRM THAT SIRT2 INHIBITION IS ABLE TO REVERSE ANHEDONIA IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS AND HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF SIRT2 INHIBITORS AS NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8 4580 30 N(6)-METHYLADENOSINE MODIFICATION OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE MESSENGER RNA IN CIRCULAR RNA STAG1-REGULATED ASTROCYTE DYSFUNCTION AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. BACKGROUND: N(6)-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) IS THE MOST ABUNDANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION IN EUKARYOTIC MESSENGER RNAS AND IS ESSENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE RNA PROCESSING EVENTS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. HOWEVER, PRECISELY HOW M(6)A METHYLATION IS INVOLVED IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: CIRCULAR RNA STAG1 (CIRCSTAG1) WAS SCREENED FROM THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS-TREATED MICE USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCING. MICROINJECTION OF CIRCSTAG1 LENTIVIRUS INTO THE MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS WAS USED TO OBSERVE THE ROLE OF CIRCSTAG1 IN DEPRESSION. SUCROSE PREFERENCE, FORCED SWIM, AND TAIL SUSPENSION TESTS WERE PERFORMED TO EVALUATE THE DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS OF MICE. ASTROCYTE DYSFUNCTION WAS EXAMINED BY GFAP IMMUNOSTAINING AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION. METHYLATED RNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCE ANALYSIS WAS USED TO IDENTIFY DOWNSTREAM TARGETS OF CIRCSTAG1/ALKBH5 (ALKB HOMOLOG 5) AXIS. CELL COUNTING KIT-8 ASSAY WAS PERFORMED TO EVALUATE ASTROCYTE VIABILITY IN VITRO. RESULTS: CIRCSTAG1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS-TREATED MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS AND IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH MDD. OVEREXPRESSION OF CIRCSTAG1 NOTABLY ATTENUATED ASTROCYTE DYSFUNCTION AND DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS INDUCED BY CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS. FURTHER EXAMINATION INDICATED THAT OVEREXPRESSED CIRCSTAG1 CAPTURED ALKBH5 AND DECREASED THE TRANSLOCATION OF ALKBH5 INTO THE NUCLEUS, LEADING TO INCREASED M(6)A METHYLATION OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE (FAAH) MESSENGER RNA AND DEGRADATION OF FAAH IN ASTROCYTES WITH SUBSEQUENT ATTENUATION OF DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND ASTROCYTE LOSS INDUCED BY CORTICOSTERONE IN VITRO. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS DISSECT THE FUNCTIONAL LINK BETWEEN CIRCSTAG1 AND M(6)A METHYLATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MDD, PROVIDING EVIDENCE THAT CIRCSTAG1 MAY BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR MDD.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
9 5832 27 STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL MKP-1 PROMOTE PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. STRESS-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATION OVER THE HOMEOSTATIC RANGE IN STRESS HORMONE-SENSITIVE BRAIN REGIONS IS BELIEVED TO UNDERLIE LONG-LASTING DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. HOWEVER, THE DETAILED MECHANISMS BY WHICH CHRONIC STRESS CAUSES THOSE ADAPTIVE CHANGES ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES REGULATE STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC STRESS IN MICE DOWNREGULATES THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. A SERIES OF FOLLOW-UP ANALYSES INCLUDING CHIP ASSAY AND SIRNA-MEDIATED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES REVEAL THAT GLUCOCORTICOIDS RELEASED BY STRESS CUMULATIVELY INCREASE MKP-1 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND INCREASED MKP-1 THEN DEBILITATES P-CREB AND PPARGAMMA, WHICH IN TURN SUPPRESS THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1. FURTHERMORE, HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 NORMALLY SUPPRESS THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MKP-1, AND THEREFORE THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 INCREASES MKP-1 EXPRESSION. ACCORDINGLY, REPEATED STRESS PROGRESSIVELY STRENGTHENS A VICIOUS CYCLE OF THE MKP-1 SIGNALING CASCADE THAT FACILITATES DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HIPPOCAMPAL STRESS ADAPTATION SYSTEM COMPRISING HDAC2/SUV39H1-REGULATED MKP-1 SIGNALING NETWORK DETERMINES THE VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC STRESS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10 3126 33 GINSENOSIDE REDUCES COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DURING CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION THROUGH BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODULATION. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH MEMORY-ENHANCING AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME DRUGS UNDER CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION (CCH) CONDITION. GINSENOSIDE RD (GSRD), ONE OF THE MAIN ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN PANAX GINSENG, IS WIDELY USED FOR BRAIN PROTECTION. HOWEVER, IT IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD WHETHER EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IMPLIED IN THE BDNF MODULATION AFTER GSRD TREATMENT FOR CCH REMAIN ELUSIVE. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF GSRD AND THE INVOLVED MECHANISMS. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT GSRD ADMINISTRATION AMELIORATED CCH-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF LEARNING AND MEMORY BEHAVIORS, EVIDENCED BY DECREASED ESCAPE LATENCY AND INCREASED NUMBER OF CROSSING THE PLATFORM IN MORRIS WATER MAZE TEST. THIS IMPROVEMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PROMOTED NEURON SURVIVAL AND INCREASED BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF CCH MICE. GSRD IMPROVED NEURON SURVIVAL AND DECREASED NEURON APOPTOSIS AND THE LEVEL OF CASPASE-3 UNDER OXYGEN-GLUCOSE DEPRIVATION/REOXYGENATION (OGD/R) BY UPREGULATION OF BDNF AS WELL AS IN VITRO. THE LEVELS OF ACETYLATED HISTONE H3 (AC-H3) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2)) WERE ALTERED UNDER OGD/R IN A TIME-DEPENDENT MANNER, AND GSRD REESTABLISHED THE BALANCE BETWEEN AC-H3 AND HDAC2 WHICH RESULTED IN UPREGULATION OF BDNF AND INCREASED NEURON SURVIVAL. MS-275, AN INHIBITOR OF CLASS I HDACS, ABOLISHED THE LEVELS OF AC-H3 AT THE BDNF PROMOTERS AND ENHANCED UPREGULATION OF BDNF AFTER GSRD ADMINISTRATION, SUGGESTING A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT BETWEEN GSRD AND MS-275. ALL THE DATA SUGGESTED THAT GSRD PROVIDED NEUROPROTECTION BY EPIGENETIC MODULATION WHICH ACCOUNTED FOR THE REGULATION OF BDNF IN CCH MICE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11 3325 30 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS INVOLVED IN THE EARLY ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE-RELATED INCREASE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR EVOKED BY CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS IN MICE. INCREASING STUDIES REPORT THAT PROLONGED OR MULTIPLE ANAESTHETIC EXPOSURES EARLY IN LIFE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON BRAIN FUNCTION. ALTHOUGH STUDIES HAVE EVALUATED THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION, FEW HAVE FOCUSED ON LONG-TERM NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED EITHER THREE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURES OR CONTROL EXPOSURE. STARTING ON POSTNATAL DAY 45, THE MICE WERE EITHER EXPOSED OR NOT TO A CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS (CVS) PARADIGM, AND CVS-RELATED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PERFORMANCE WAS EVALUATED USING A SERIES OF BEHAVIOURAL TESTS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 ACETYLATION (ACETYL-H3K9), BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-BINDING PROTEIN, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES 1-4 IN THE AMYGDALA WERE MEASURED BY IMMUNOBLOTTING OR IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ANALYSIS. IN MICE WITH NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE, THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB), A COMMONLY USED HDAC INHIBITOR, WERE EXAMINED ON CVS-RELATED BEHAVIOURAL AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT REPEATED NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE DID NOT AFFECT INNATE DEPRESSION-LIKE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURS UNDER NON-STRESS CONDITIONS BUT FACILITATED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE. INCREASED HDAC2 EXPRESSION IN THE AMYGDALA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE CVS-INDUCED REPRESSION OF ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION AND AN ENHANCED CVS-EVOKED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE IN MICE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE. NAB SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY LEVEL BY ELEVATING ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT EARLY ANAESTHESIA EXPOSURE FACILITATED CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES, AND THE HDAC2-RELATED EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IS INVOLVED IN THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
12 4508 24 MS-11, A MIMETIC OF THE MSIN3-BINDING HELIX IN NRSF, AMELIORATES SOCIAL INTERACTION DEFICITS IN A PRENATAL VALPROIC ACID-INDUCED AUTISM MOUSE MODEL. GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PIVOTAL ROLES FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN BOTH ANIMAL MODELS OF AND INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD). NEURON-RESTRICTIVE SILENCER FACTOR (NRSF) BINDS TO NEURON-RESTRICTIVE SILENCING ELEMENTS IN NEURONAL GENES AND RECRUITS CO-REPRESSORS, SUCH AS MSIN3, TO EPIGENETICALLY INHIBIT NEURONAL GENE EXPRESSION. BECAUSE DYSREGULATION OF NRSF IS RELATED TO ASD, HERE WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF MS-11, A CHEMICALLY OPTIMIZED MIMETIC OF THE MSIN3-BINDING HELIX IN NRSF, ON THE BEHAVIORAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES FOUND IN A MOUSE MODEL OF VALPROIC ACID (VPA)-INDUCED ASD. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MS-11 IMPROVED PRENATAL VPA-INDUCED DEFICITS IN SOCIAL INTERACTION. ADDITIONALLY, WE FOUND THAT NRSF MRNA EXPRESSION WAS GREATER IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX OF VPA-EXPOSED MICE THAN OF CONTROLS. AGREEING WITH THESE BEHAVIORAL FINDINGS, MICE THAT WERE PRENATALLY EXPOSED TO VPA SHOWED LOWER DENDRITIC SPINE DENSITY IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX, WHICH WAS REVERSED BY CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH MS-11. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT MS-11 HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING ASD-RELATED SYMPTOMS THROUGH INHIBITION OF MSIN3-NRSF BINDING.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
13 6690 23 VALPROIC ACID SILENCING OF ASCL1B/ASCL1 RESULTS IN THE FAILURE OF SEROTONERGIC DIFFERENTIATION IN A ZEBRAFISH MODEL OF FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME. FETAL VALPROATE SYNDROME (FVS) IS CAUSED BY IN UTERO EXPOSURE TO THE DRUG SODIUM VALPROATE. VALPROATE IS USED WORLDWIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY, AS A MOOD STABILISER AND FOR ITS PAIN-RELIEVING PROPERTIES. IN ADDITION TO BIRTH DEFECTS, FVS IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD), WHICH IS CHARACTERISED BY ABNORMAL BEHAVIOURS. VALPROATE PERTURBS MULTIPLE BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS AND ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH ITS INHIBITION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES. WHICH, IF ANY, OF THESE MECHANISMS IS RELEVANT TO THE GENESIS OF ITS BEHAVIOURAL SIDE EFFECTS IS UNCLEAR. NEUROANATOMICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FVS HAVE BEEN REPORTED AND, AMONG THESE, ALTERED SEROTONERGIC NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION IS A CONSISTENT FINDING. ALTERED SEROTONIN HOMEOSTASIS IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH AUTISM. HERE WE HAVE USED A CHEMICAL-GENETICS APPROACH TO INVESTIGATE THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR DEFECT IN A ZEBRAFISH FVS MODEL. VALPROATE CAUSES THE SELECTIVE FAILURE OF ZEBRAFISH CENTRAL SEROTONIN EXPRESSION. IT DOES SO BY DOWNREGULATING THE PRONEURAL GENE ASCL1B, AN ORTHOLOG OF MAMMALIAN ASCL1, WHICH IS A KNOWN DETERMINANT OF SEROTONERGIC IDENTITY IN THE MAMMALIAN BRAINSTEM. ASCL1B IS SUFFICIENT TO RESCUE SEROTONIN EXPRESSION IN VALPROATE-TREATED EMBRYOS. CHEMICAL AND GENETIC BLOCKADE OF THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE HDAC1 DOWNREGULATES ASCL1B, CONSISTENT WITH THE HDAC1-MEDIATED SILENCING OF ASCL1B EXPRESSION BY VALPROATE. MOREOVER, TONIC NOTCH SIGNALLING IS CRUCIAL FOR ASCL1B REPRESSION BY VALPROATE. CONCOMITANT BLOCKADE OF NOTCH SIGNALLING RESTORES ASCL1B EXPRESSION AND SEROTONIN EXPRESSION IN BOTH VALPROATE-EXPOSED AND HDAC1 MUTANT EMBRYOS. TOGETHER, THESE DATA PROVIDE A MOLECULAR EXPLANATION FOR SEROTONERGIC DEFECTS IN FVS AND HIGHLIGHT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR GENOME-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14 6664 28 UPREGULATION OF LNCRNA71132 IN THE SPINAL CORD REGULATES HYPERSENSITIVITY IN A RAT MODEL OF BONE CANCER PAIN. BONE CANCER PAIN (BCP) IS A PERVASIVE CLINICAL SYMPTOM WHICH IMPAIRS THE QUALITY LIFE. LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) ARE ENRICHED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND PLAY INDISPENSABLE ROLES IN NUMEROUS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, WHILE ITS REGULATORY FUNCTION IN NOCICEPTIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING REMAINS ELUSIVE. HERE, WE REPORTED THAT FUNCTIONAL MODULATORY ROLE OF ENSRNOT00000071132 (LNCRNA71132) IN THE BCP PROCESS AND SPONGING WITH MIR-143 AND ITS DOWNSTREAM GPR85-DEPENDENT SIGNALING CASCADE. SPINAL LNCRNA71132 WAS REMARKABLY INCREASED IN THE RAT MODEL OF BONE CANCER PAIN. THE KNOCKDOWN OF SPINAL LNCRNA71132 REVERTED BCP BEHAVIORS AND SPINAL C-FOS NEURONAL SENSITIZATION. OVEREXPRESSION OF SPINAL LNCRNA71132 IN NAIVE RAT GENERATED PAIN BEHAVIORS, WHICH WERE ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED SPINAL C-FOS NEURONAL SENSITIZATION. FURTHERMORE, IT WAS FOUND THAT LNCRNA71132 PARTICIPATES IN THE MODULATION OF BCP BY INVERSELY REGULATING THE PROCESSING OF MIR-143-5P. IN ADDITION, AN INCREASE IN EXPRESSION OF SPINAL LNCRNA71132 RESULTED IN THE DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF MIR-143 UNDER THE BCP STATE. FINALLY, IT WAS FOUND THAT MIR-143-5P REGULATES PAIN BEHAVIORS BY TARGETING GPR85. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-143-5P IN THE SPINAL CORD REVERTED THE NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIORS TRIGGERED BY BCP, ACCOMPANIED BY A DECREASE IN EXPRESSION OF SPINAL GPR85 PROTEIN, BUT NO INFLUENCE ON EXPRESSION OF GPR85 MRNA. THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY INDICATE THAT LNCRNA71132 WORKS AS A MIRNA SPONGE IN MIR-143-5P-MEDIATED POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODULATION OF GPR85 EXPRESSION IN BCP. THEREFORE, EPIGENETIC INTERVENTIONS AGAINST LNCRNA71132 MAY POTENTIALLY WORK AS NOVEL TREATMENT AVENUES IN TREATING NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY TRIGGERED BY BONE CANCER.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
15  685 25 BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR INVOLVED EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF UGT2B7 IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: A MECHANISM TO ALTER MORPHINE GLUCURONIDATION IN TUMOR. URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE (UGT) 2B7, AS ONE OF SIGNIFICANT DRUG ENZYMES, IS RESPONSIBLE ON THE GLUCURONIDATION OF ABUNDANT ENDOBIOTICS OR XENOBIOTICS. WE HERE REPORT THAT IT IS MARKEDLY REPRESSED IN THE TUMOR TISSUES OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA (CRC) PATIENTS. ACCORDINGLY, MORPHINE IN CRC CELLS WILL STIMULATE THE EXPRESSION OF ITS MAIN METABOLIC ENZYME, UGT2B7 DURING TOLERANCE GENERATION BY ACTIVATING THE POSITIVE SIGNALS IN HISTONE 3, ESPECIALLY FOR TRIMETHYLATED LYSINE 27 (H3K4ME3) AND ACETYLATED LYSINE 4 (H3K27AC). FURTHER STUDY REVEALS THAT BRAIN-DERIVED NEUTROPHILIC FACTOR (BDNF), A SECRETORY NEUROTROPHIN, ENRICHED IN CRC CAN INTERACT AND INHIBIT UGT2B7 BY PRIMARILY BLOCKING THE POSITIVE SIGNALS OF H3K4ME3 AS WELL AS ACTIVATING H3K27AC ON THE PROMOTER REGION OF UGT2B7. MEANWHILE, BDNF REPRESSION ATTRIBUTES TO THE SENSITIZATIONS OF MAIN CORE FACTORS IN POLY-COMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX (PRC) 1 RATHER THAN PRC2 AS THE REASON OF THE DEPRESSION OF SUZ12 IN THE LATER COMPLEX. BESIDES THAT, THE PRODUCTIONS OF TWO MAIN MORPHINE GLUCURONIDES ARE BOTH INCREASED IN THE BDNF DEFICIENT OR TSA AND BIX-01294 TREATED MORPHINE TOLERANCE-LIKE HCT-116 CELLS. ON THE SAME CONDITION, ACTIVE METABOLITE, MORPHINE-6-GLUCURONIDE (M6G) WAS ACCUMULATED MORE THAN INACTIVE M3G. OUR FINDINGS IMPLY THAT ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY ENHANCEMENT AND SUBSTRATE REGIOSELECTIVE CATALYSIS ALTERATION OF UGT2B7 MAY RELEASE MORPHINE TOLERANCE UNDER THE CURE OF TUMOR-INDUCED PAIN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16 2674 24 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  195 30 ACF CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX MEDIATES STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR. IMPROVED TREATMENT FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) REMAINS ELUSIVE BECAUSE OF THE LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF ITS UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS. IT IS LIKELY THAT STRESS-INDUCED MALADAPTIVE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN LIMBIC NEURAL CIRCUITS CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MDD, POSSIBLY THROUGH EPIGENETIC FACTORS THAT REGULATE CHROMATIN STRUCTURE. WE ESTABLISH THAT PERSISTENT UPREGULATION OF THE ACF (ATP-UTILIZING CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY AND REMODELING FACTOR) ATP-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX, OCCURRING IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS OF STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE AND DEPRESSED HUMANS, IS NECESSARY FOR STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT ALTERED ACF BINDING AFTER CHRONIC STRESS WAS CORRELATED WITH ALTERED NUCLEOSOME POSITIONING, PARTICULARLY AROUND THE TRANSCRIPTION START SITES OF AFFECTED GENES. THESE ALTERATIONS IN ACF BINDING AND NUCLEOSOME POSITIONING WERE ASSOCIATED WITH REPRESSED EXPRESSION OF GENES IMPLICATED IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STRESS. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS IDENTIFY THE ACF CHROMATIN-REMODELING COMPLEX AS A CRITICAL COMPONENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION AND IN REGULATING STRESS-RELATED BEHAVIORS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
18 5636 35 SERELAXIN ALLEVIATES CARDIAC FIBROSIS THROUGH INHIBITING ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION VIA RXFP1. RATIONALE: CARDIAC FIBROSIS IS AN INTEGRAL CONSTITUENT OF EVERY FORM OF CHRONIC HEART DISEASE, AND PERSISTENCE OF FIBROSIS REDUCES TISSUE COMPLIANCE AND ACCELERATES THE PROGRESSION TO HEART FAILURE. RELAXIN-2 IS A HUMAN HORMONE, WHICH HAS VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS MEDIATING RENAL VASODILATION IN PREGNANCY. ITS RECOMBINANT FORM SERELAXIN HAS RECENTLY BEEN TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AS A THERAPY FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE BUT DID NOT MEET ITS PRIMARY ENDPOINTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE WHETHER SERELAXIN HAS AN ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT IN THE HEART AND THEREFORE COULD BE BENEFICIAL IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. METHODS: WE UTILIZED TWO DIFFERENT CARDIAC FIBROSIS MOUSE MODELS (ASCENDING AORTIC CONSTRICTION (AAC) AND ANGIOTENSIN II (ATII) ADMINISTRATION VIA OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS) TO ASSESS THE ANTI-FIBROTIC POTENTIAL OF SERELAXIN. HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE FIBROSIS LEVEL AND INDICATE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WHICH ARE UNDERGOING ENDMT. IN VITRO TGFBETA1-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (ENDMT) ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED IN HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND MOUSE CARDIAC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (MCECS) AND WERE EXAMINED USING MOLECULAR METHODS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-QPCR ASSAY WAS UTILIZED TO IDENTIFY THE SERELAXIN EFFECT ON CHROMATIN REMODELING IN THE RXFP1 PROMOTER REGION IN MCECS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE A SIGNIFICANT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT OF SERELAXIN IN THE HEART IN BOTH MODELS. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT SERELAXIN MEDIATES THIS EFFECT, AT LEAST IN PART, THROUGH INHIBITION OF ENDMT THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIAL RELAXIN FAMILY PEPTIDE RECEPTOR 1 (RXFP1). WE FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THAT SERELAXIN ADMINISTRATION IS ABLE TO INCREASE ITS OWN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION (RXFP1) THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN FORM OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS BY ATTENUATING TGFBETA-PSMAD2/3 SIGNALING IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THAT SERELAXIN INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF ITS OWN RECEPTOR RXFP1 AND THAT THIS MEDIATES THE INHIBITION OF ENDMT AND CARDIAC FIBROSIS, SUGGESTING THAT SERELAXIN MAY HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT AS ANTI-FIBROTIC THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
19  889 26 CHRONIC DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID PROTECTS NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS FROM IBOTENIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY. VALPROIC ACID (VPA) HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR EPILEPSY AND MOOD DISORDERS. RECENTLY, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PROPOSED FOR A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIONS OF THIS DRUG, INCLUDING ANTITUMORAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. VALPROIC ACID-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN VIVO HAS BEEN SO FAR DEMONSTRATED IN A LIMITED NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE TESTED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHRONIC (4 + 1 WEEKS) DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VPA ON DEGENERATION OF CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS (NBM), INJECTED WITH THE EXCITOTOXIN, IBOTENIC ACID (IBO), AN ANIMAL MODELS THAT IS RELEVANT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEURODEGENERATION. WE SHOW THAT VPA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTS BOTH CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS PRESENT IN THE INJECTED AREA FROM THE EXCITOTOXIC INSULT. A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF NEUROPROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR, IS EXERTED TOWARDS THE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS OF THE NBM PROJECTING TO THE CORTEX, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER LEVELS OF CHOLINERGIC MARKERS MAINTAINED IN THE TARGET CORTICAL AREA OF VPA-TREATED RATS AFTER IBO INJECTION IN THE NBM. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CHRONIC VPA ADMINISTRATION RESULTS IN INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 IN BRAIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF VPA AND PUTATIVELY LINKED TO A NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF THE DRUG MEDIATED AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
20  984 30 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.	2022