1 1691 124 DUCTAL CELLS OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS IN SJOGREN'S SYNDROME EXPRESS LINE-1 ORF2P AND APOBEC3B. BACKGROUND: TYPE I INTERFERON ACTIVATION IS A HALLMARK EVENT IN SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. L1 RETROELEMENTS STIMULATE PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS, ACTIVATING THE TYPE I INTERFERONS, AND ARE REGULATED BY VARIOUS MECHANISMS, INCLUDING THE APOBEC3 DEAMINASES. AS L1S ARE POTENTIAL TRIGGER FACTORS IN AUTOIMMUNITY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF L1 ORF2P AND ITS INHIBITOR APOBEC3B PROTEIN IN MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME PATIENTS. METHODS: TWENTY MINOR SALIVARY GLAND-TISSUE SAMPLES FROM 20 SJOGREN'S SYNDROME PATIENTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO TARPLEY'S HISTOLOGICAL CRITERIA, AND 10 CONTROLS WERE EVALUATED FOR L1 ORF2P AND APOBEC3B EXPRESSION VIA IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. RESULTS: L1 ORF2P WAS EXPRESSED IN 17/20 SS PATIENTS AND ALL CONTROLS. APOBEC3B EXPRESSION WAS OBSERVED IN 15/20 SJOGREN'S SYNDROME PATIENTS, 5/5 CHRONIC SIALADENITIS, AND 3/5 NORMAL MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS. BOTH ANTIBODIES STAINED THE CYTOPLASM OF THE DUCTAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. NEGATIVE STAINING WAS OBSERVED IN THE ACINAR CELLS. L1 ORF2P-POSITIVE IMMUNOSTAINING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN TARPLEY IV SJOGREN'S SYNDROME PATIENTS THAN CONTROLS (P = .039), AND APOBEC3B-POSITIVE STAINING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN TARPLEY I COMPARED TO TARPLEY II SJOGREN'S SYNDROME PATIENTS (P = .008) AND CONTROLS (P = .035). CONCLUSIONS: L1 ORF2P AND APOBEC3B ARE EXPRESSED IN THE DUCTAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS THAT ARE AMONG THE KEY TARGETS IN SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. L1 ORF2P EXPRESSION MAY PROMOTE THE L1 ABILITY TO ACT AS AN INTRINSIC ANTIGEN IN SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. THE POTENTIAL FUTURE USE OF L1 ORF2-REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS IN AUTOIMMUNITY SUPPORTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF L1 EPIGENETIC REGULATION BY APOBEC3 ENZYMES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2 2761  34 EXPRESSION OF TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES, TEX101 AND ODF4, IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND EVALUATION OF TEX101 IMMUNOGENICITY. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CANCER-TESTIS (CT) ANTIGENS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIGENS WITH A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES, EXCEPT TESTIS, AND THEY HAVE ABERRANT EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TUMORS. THIS PATTERN OF EXPRESSION HAS MADE THEM PROMISING TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER DETECTION. OUR AIM WAS TO FIND NEW MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL AS MARKERS IN THE DETECTION OF CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. DESIGN AND SETTING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN REFERRAL CENTERS OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FROM JANUARY 2008 TO JANUARY 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES NAMED ODF4 (OUTER DENSE FIBER OF SPERM TAILS 4) AND TEX101 (TESTIS EXPRESSED 101) IN 20 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) AND 20 NORMAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND SEQUENCING. IMMUNOGENICITY OF TEX101 WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS: THESE TWO GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN 30% OF CML PATIENTS BUT NOT IN ANY OF THE HEALTHY DONORS. HUMORAL RESPONSE AGAINST TEX101 WAS NOT DETECTED IN ANY SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: TEX101 AND ODF4 ARE CT GENES USEFUL FOR DETECTION OF CML. UNLIKE MANY CT GENES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 WAS NOT SHOWN TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES IN THESE SAMPLES. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS STUDIES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 LEADS TO SUPPRESSION OF CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS; THUS, THE INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF TEX101 IN CANCER BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE A TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
3 3128  40 GIPC-REGULATED IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO THROUGH A BETA1-INTEGRIN PATHWAY. BACKGROUND & AIMS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF-BETA)-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS) AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION TO MYOFIBROBLASTS IS A KEY EVENT IN LIVER FIBROSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION. GIPC (ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN) IS A DOWNSTREAM SIGNAL ACTIVATION MOLECULE OF TGF-BETA AND OTHER RECEPTORS. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY NOVEL GENES TARGETED BY TGF-BETA AND GIPC AND ELUCIDATE IF AND HOW THEY MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LIVER FIBROSIS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED SEQUENTIAL MESSENGER RNA SEQUENCING ANALYSIS ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS AND THEN ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF GIPC ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN (GIPC) KNOCKDOWN. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-3 (IGFBP-3) TRANSPORT PROTEIN EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS WERE DONE FOR FURTHER CONFIRMATION. RESULTS: IGFBP-3, AN INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR TRANSPORT PROTEIN, EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC, WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT GIPC INCREASES THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) ACETYLATION ACTIVATING MARK AND CONCURRENTLY DECREASES THE H3K27 INHIBITORY TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27M3) MARK, PROVIDING AN EPIGENETIC CORRELATE TO THE GENE REGULATION CHANGES. IN VIVO, GLOBAL KNOCKOUT OF IGFBP-3 MICE RESULTED IN ATTENUATION OF HSC ACTIVATION MARKERS AND ATTENUATION OF PORTAL PRESSURE IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC LIVER INJURY MODELS. ANALYSIS OF SERUM LEVELS FROM CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS ALSO SHOWED AN IGFBP-3 INCREASE OF MORE THAN 2-FOLD COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. FINALLY, IN VITRO MECHANISM STUDIES SHOWED THAT IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION THROUGH INTEGRIN-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROTEIN KINASE B. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-BETA UP-REGULATES IGFBP-3 THROUGH GIPC, LEADING TO INCREASED HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PROMOTES PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO. THESE STUDIES SUPPORT THE ROLE OF IGFBP-3 AS A POTENTIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC TARGET OR BIOMARKER IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
4  145  26 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND MRNA EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. OOBJECTIVE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE MALIGNANCY WITH DIFFERENT STAGES. ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED AS A SIGNATURE FOR DIVERSE CANCERS WHICH ALSO PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CML PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT. SUPPRESSOR WITH MORPHOGENETIC EFFECT ON GENITALIA (SMG1) GENE RECENTLY HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO THE SPOTLIGHT AS A POTENT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE THAT CAN BE SUPPRESSED BY TUMORS FOR FURTHER PROGRESS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE SMG1 STATUS IN CML PATIENTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS CASE-CONTROL STUDY, PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM 30 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML [NEW CASE (N)=10, COMPLETE MOLECULAR REMISSION (CMR)=10, BLASTIC PHASE (BP)=10] AND 10 HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE COLLECTED. METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTER WAS ASSESSED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION PCR, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: MSP RESULTS OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTOR IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WERE METHYLATED (60% METHYLATED, 30% HEMIMETHYLATED AND 10% UNMETHYLATED). ALL CMR AND CONTROL GROUP PATIENTS WERE UNMETHYLATED IN THE SMG1 GENE PROMOTER. IN THE BP GROUP, METHYLATED SMG1 PROMOTER WAS SEEN (50% OF PATIENTS HAD A METHYLATED STATUS AND 50% HAD HEMIMETHYLATED STATUS). IN COMPARISON WITH THE HEALTHY SUBJECTS, EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WAS DECREASED (P<0.01); IN THE CMR GROUP AND BP-CML GROUPS, IT WAS INCREASED (P<0.05). NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN PATIENTS' HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SMG1 METHYLATION WAS SEEN. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF SMG1 OCCURRED IN CML PATIENTS AND IT HAD A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH SMG1 EXPRESSION. SMG1 GENE PROMOTER SHOWED DIVERSE METHYLATED STATUS AND SUBSEQUENT EXPRESSION LEVELS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML. THESE FINDINGS SUGGESTED POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF SMG1 SUPPRESSION IN THE CML PATHOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5 2763  26 EXPRESSION OF THE LEUKEMIC PROGNOSTIC MARKER CD7 IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE CELL SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN, CD7, AND THE SERINE PROTEASE, ELASTASE 2 (ELA2), IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL OUTCOME. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF THESE GENES IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS. RESULTS: TO ADDRESS THIS QUESTION, WE COMPARED THE LEVEL OF THEIR EXPRESSION WITH THE DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS OF 5' SEQUENCES OF BOTH GENES IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES AND PRIMITIVE (LIN-CD34+) LEUKEMIC CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENTS. DNA METHYLATION OF THE ELA2 GENE PROMOTER DID NOT CORRELATE WITH ITS EXPRESSION PATTERN IN LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENT SAMPLES EVEN THOUGH THERE WAS CLEAR DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF THIS LOCUS IN ELA2-EXPRESSING AND NON-EXPRESSING CELL LINES. IN CONTRAST, WE FOUND A STRONG RELATION BETWEEN CD7 EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTION-PERMISSIVE CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, BOTH AT THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION WITH EVIDENCE OF HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE CD7 PROMOTER REGION IN THE LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CML PATIENTS WITH HIGH CD7 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE A LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND CD7 EXPRESSION IN PRIMITIVE CML CELLS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
6 1176  34 CONTROL OF APOBEC3B INDUCTION AND CCCDNA DECAY BY NF-KAPPAB AND MIR-138-5P. BACKGROUND & AIMS: IMMUNE-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF CYTIDINE DEAMINASE APOBEC3B (A3B) EXPRESSION LEADS TO HBV COVALENTLY CLOSED CIRCULAR DNA (CCCDNA) DECAY. HERE, WE AIMED TO DECIPHER THE SIGNALLING PATHWAY(S) AND REGULATORY MECHANISM(S) INVOLVED IN A3B INDUCTION AND RELATED HBV CONTROL. METHODS: DIFFERENTIATED HEPARG CELLS (DHEPARG) KNOCKED-DOWN FOR NF-KAPPAB SIGNALLING COMPONENTS, TRANSFECTED WITH SIRNA OR MICRO RNAS (MIRNA), AND PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES +/- HBV OR HBVDELTAX OR HBV-RFP, WERE TREATED WITH LYMPHOTOXIN BETA RECEPTOR (LTBETAR)-AGONIST (BS1). THE BIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES WERE ANALYSED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-QPCR, IMMUNOBLOTTING, LUCIFERASE ACTIVITY, CHROMATIN IMMUNE PRECIPITATION, ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY-SHIFT ASSAY, TARGETED-BISULFITE-, MIRNA-, RNA-, GENOME-SEQUENCING, AND MASS-SPECTROMETRY. RESULTS: WE FOUND THAT CANONICAL AND NON-CANONICAL NF-KAPPAB SIGNALLING PATHWAYS ARE MANDATORY FOR A3B INDUCTION AND ANTI-HBV EFFECTS. THE DEGREE OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED A3B PRODUCTION IS INDEPENDENT OF A3B PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION BUT IS CONTROLLED POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY BY THE MIRNA 138-5P EXPRESSION (HSA-MIR-138-5P), PROMOTING A3B MRNA DECAY. HSA-MIR-138-5P OVER-EXPRESSION REDUCED A3B LEVELS AND ITS ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS. OF NOTE, ESTABLISHED INFECTION INHIBITED BS1-INDUCED A3B EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF A3B PROMOTER. TWELVE DAYS OF TREATMENT WITH A LTBETAR-SPECIFIC AGONIST BS1 IS SUFFICIENT TO REDUCE THE CCCDNA POOL BY 80% WITHOUT INDUCING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGES TO A SUBSET OF CANCER-RELATED HOST GENES. INTERESTINGLY, THE A3B-MEDIATED EFFECT ON HBV IS INDEPENDENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF CCCDNA AS WELL AS ON RCDNA SYNTHESIS. CONCLUSIONS: ALTOGETHER, A3B REPRESENTS THE ONLY DESCRIBED ENZYME TO TARGET BOTH TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE CCCDNA. THUS, INHIBITING HSA-MIR-138-5P EXPRESSION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN THE COMBINATORIAL DESIGN OF NEW THERAPIES AGAINST HBV, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED A3B INDUCTION. LAY SUMMARY: IMMUNE-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF CYTIDINE DEAMINASE APOBEC3B IS TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATED BY NF-KAPPAB SIGNALLING AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY DOWNREGULATED BY HSA-MIR-138-5P EXPRESSION, LEADING TO CCCDNA DECAY. TIMELY CONTROLLED APOBEC3B-MEDIATED CCCDNA DECAY OCCURS INDEPENDENTLY OF CCCDNA TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY AND WITHOUT DAMAGE TO A SUBSET OF CANCER-RELATED GENES. THUS, APOBEC3B-MEDIATED CCCDNA DECAY COULD OFFER AN EFFICIENT THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVE TO TARGET HEPATITIS B VIRUS CHRONIC INFECTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                        
7 1622  32 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES IN MALAR MELASMA AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. BACKGROUND: MALAR MELASMA HAS A CHRONIC AND RECURRENT CHARACTER THAT MAY BE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES. OBJECTIVE: TO RECOGNIZE THE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) IN MALAR MELASMA AND PERILESIONAL SKIN, AS WELL AS THE CHANGES IN DNMTS AFTER THEIR TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. METHODS: THIRTY FEMALE PATIENTS WERE CLINICALLY EVALUATED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3B USING REAL-TIME PCR AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. THESE INITIAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO RESULTS AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH NIACINAMIDE, RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. RESULTS: THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN MELASMA COMPARED WITH UNAFFECTED SKIN IN ALL SUBJECTS, INDICATING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. AFTER TREATMENT, IT WAS DECREASED IN ALL GROUPS: NIACINAMIDE (7 VERSUS 1; P<0.01), RETINOIC ACID (7 VERSUS 2; P<0.05), AND PLACEBO (7 VERSUS 3; P<0.05), WHICH CORRELATES WITH CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT. DNMT3B WAS NOT OVEREXPRESSED IN LESIONAL SKIN BUT REDUCED IN ALL GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: WE FOUND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN MELASMA LESIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS SOLAR RADIATION MAY INDUCE CELLULAR CHANGES THAT TRIGGER HYPERPIGMENTATION THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF PATHWAYS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, LIMITING OR DECREASING DNA METHYLATION THROUGH SUNSCREEN, NIACINAMIDE, AND RETINOIC ACID TREATMENTS THAT PROVIDE PHOTOPROTECTION AND GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION CAN COUNTERACT THIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8 1422  33 DIFFERENTIAL CPG DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL B CELLS, CD4(+) T CELLS, AND SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES IN IGG4-RELATED DISEASE. OBJECTIVES: IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G4-RELATED DISEASE (IGG4-RD) IS A DISTINCT SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASE MANIFESTING AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE FIBROSIS. SINCE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IGG4-RD IS STILL UNCLEAR, WE CONDUCT THIS STUDY TO INVESTIGATE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN IGG4-RD. METHODS: A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH B CELLS, CD4(+) T CELLS, AND SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES FROM IGG4-RD PATIENTS AND MATCHED CONTROLS BY USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 850K BEADCHIP. WE FURTHER PERFORMED PYROSEQUENCING AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ASSAYS TO VALIDATE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF SOME TARGETS OF INTEREST. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES INCLUDING 44 HYPOMETHYLATED AND 166 HYPERMETHYLATED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PROBES (DMPS) IN B CELLS AND 260 HYPOMETHYLATED AND 112 HYPERMETHYLATED DMPS IN CD4(+) T CELLS FROM 10 IGG4-RD PATIENTS COMPARED WITH 10 HEALTHY CONTROLS. WE ALSO IDENTIFIED 36945 HYPOMETHYLATED AND 78380 HYPERMETHYLATED DMPS IN SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES OF 4 IGG4-RD PATIENTS COMPARED WITH 4 CONTROLS. DPM2 (CG21181453), IQCK (CG10266221), AND ABCC13 (CG05699681, CG04985582) WERE HYPERMETHYLATED AND MBP (CG18455083) WAS HYPOMETHYLATED IN B CELLS, CD4(+) T CELLS, AND SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES OF IGG4-RD PATIENTS. WE ALSO OBSERVED THE HYPOMETHYLATED HLA-DQB2 IN CD4(+) T CELLS FROM IGG4-RD PATIENTS. KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF DMPS IN SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES OF IGG4-RD PATIENTS REVEALED ENRICHMENT OF PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF IMMUNE CELL RESPONSES AND FIBROSIS. CONCLUSION: THIS IS THE FIRST DNA METHYLATION STUDY IN PERIPHERAL B CELLS, CD4(+) T CELLS, AND SALIVARY GLAND TISSUES FROM IGG4-RD PATIENTS. OUR FINDINGS HIGHLIGHTED THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND IDENTIFIED SEVERAL GENES AND PATHWAYS POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN IGG4-RD PATHOGENESIS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
9 2304  30 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CATHEPSIN L EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA. THE EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CATHEPSIN L (CTSL) HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED IN SOLID TUMOURS. HOWEVER NO SUCH INFORMATION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML) WAS AVAILABLE. WE INVESTIGATED THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF THIS PROTEASE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF 47 ADULT CML PATIENTS. THIRTY ADULTS SUFFERING FROM SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND 50 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS SERVED AS CONTROLS. THE MRNA LEVELS OF CTSL, ITS SPECIFIC ENDOGENOUS INHIBITOR CYSTATIN C AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL UP-REGULATOR VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) WERE QUANTITATED BY REAL-TIME QPCR. CTSL PROTEASE ACTIVITY AND ITS MRNA EXPRESSION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN CML CHRONIC PHASE (CP) PATIENTS COMPARED TO CML ACCELERATED PHASE/BLAST CRISIS (AP/BC) PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P</= 0.001). VEGF WHOSE EXPRESSION WAS MOST PRONOUNCED IN CP AND DECLINED (P</= 0.001) IN THE ADVANCED PHASES OF THE MALIGNANCY EXHIBITED A STRONG POSITIVE CORRELATION WITH CTSL EXPRESSION (R= 0.97; P</= 0.001). CYSTATIN C EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER (P</= 0.001) IN CML AND DISPLAYED INVERSE CORRELATION WITH CTSL (R=-0.713; P</= 0.001) ACTIVITY. CTSL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN CML CP COMPARED TO CML AP/BC PATIENTS AS WELL AS CONTROLS. K562, A BC CML CELL LINE DISPLAYED CTSL ACTIVITY, EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF CTSL PROMOTER THAT WAS COMPARABLE TO CML AP/BC PATIENTS. TREATMENT OF THESE CELLS OR PBMCS ISOLATED FROM CML AP/BC PATIENTS WITH 5'-AZA-CYTIDINE RESULTED IN A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN CSTL ACTIVITY AND/OR EXPRESSION THEREBY DEMONSTRATING THE ROLE OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IN THE STAGE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CTSL IN CML. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF CTSL IN CML AT VARIOUS STAGES OF MALIGNANCY MAY PROVE USEFUL IN IDENTIFICATION OF THE HIGH-RISK PATIENTS THEREBY FACILITATING BETTER MANAGEMENT OF DISEASE.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
10 2453  25 EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF THE IMMUNOREGULATOR MZB1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE OF GASTRIC CANCER. PREDICTION OF TUMOR RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION IS CRITICAL FOR DETERMINING THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER (GC). THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF GC ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INAPPROPRIATE IMMUNE RESPONSES CAUSED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA. TO IDENTIFY IMMUNOREGULATORY MOLECULES INVOLVED IN GC PROGRESSION, GC CELL LINES AND 200 PAIRS OF TUMOR AND NORMAL TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH GC WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION, AMPLIFICATION AND METHYLATION AS WELL AS FUNCTION OF A DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENE. THE TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT MARGINAL ZONE B AND B1 CELL SPECIFIC PROTEIN (MZB1) WAS EXPRESSED AT SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED LEVELS IN PRIMARY GC TISSUES WHEN COMPARED WITH THE CORRESPONDING NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA. PCR ARRAY ANALYSIS EXPLORING GENES EXPRESSED COOPERATIVELY WITH MZB1 REVEALED THAT DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MZB1 MRNA IN GC CELL LINES CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH THE LEVELS OF THE MRNAS ENCODING ESTROGEN RECEPTOR 1 AND DESUMOYLATING ISOPEPTIDASE 1. HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE MZB1 PROMOTER WAS FREQUENT IN CELL LINES WITH DECREASED LEVELS OF MZB1 MRNA. SIRNA-MEDIATED KNOCKDOWN OF MZB1 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED PROLIFERATION, INVASION AND MIGRATION OF GC CELL LINES. LOW MZB1 EXPRESSION WAS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE GASTRECTOMY AND WAS ASSOCIATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH INCREASED HEMATOGENOUS RECURRENCE. MZB1 ACTS AS A SUPPRESSOR OF GC. LOW MZB1 EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY GC TISSUE IS PREDICTIVE OF RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11 1334  27 DEREGULATION OF AIOLOS EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CLONAL ACCUMULATION OF MATURE NEOPLASTIC B CELLS THAT ARE RESISTANT TO APOPTOSIS. AIOLOS, A MEMBER OF THE IKAROS FAMILY OF ZINC-FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF MATURE B LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND MATURATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOWED THAT AIOLOS EXPRESSION IS UP-REGULATED IN B-CLL CELLS. THIS OVEREXPRESSION DOES NOT IMPLICATE ISOFORM IMBALANCE OR DISTURB AIOLOS SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION. THE CHROMATIN STATUS AT THE AIOLOS PROMOTER IN CLL IS DEFINED BY THE DEMETHYLATION OF DNA AND AN ENRICHMENT OF EUCHROMATIN ASSOCIATED HISTONE MARKERS, SUCH AS THE DIMETHYLATION OF THE LYSINE 4 ON HISTONE H3. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SHOULD ALLOW ITS UPSTREAM EFFECTORS, SUCH AS NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB, CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED IN CLL, TO GAIN ACCESS TO PROMOTER, RESULTING UP-REGULATION OF AIOLOS. TO DETERMINE THE CONSEQUENCES OF AIOLOS DEREGULATION IN CLL, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF AIOLOS OVEREXPRESSION OR DOWN-REGULATION ON APOPTOSIS. AIOLOS IS INVOLVED IN CELL SURVIVAL BY REGULATING THE EXPRESSION OF SOME BCL-2 FAMILY MEMBERS. OUR RESULTS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT AIOLOS DEREGULATION BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY BE A HALLMARK OF CLL.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12 1067  32 CLINICAL UTILITY OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION TO STRATIFY PATIENTS AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IS REQUIRED FOR OPTIMAL STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE AND ADVERSE PROGNOSIS. COENZYME Q10 (COQ10), WHICH MEDIATES APOPTOSIS, IS SYNTHESIZED BY PRENYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SUBUNIT 2 (PDSS2). IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION IN HCC. PDSS2 EXPRESSION LEVELS AND THOSE OF GENES ENCODING POTENTIALLY INTERACTING PROTEINS AS WELL AS THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PDSS2 PROMOTER REGION WERE ANALYZED IN HCC CELL LINES. PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS IN 151 PAIRS OF RESECTED SPECIMENS WERE DETERMINED TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS. THE EXPRESSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PDSS2 WERE DETERMINED USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN SIX OF NINE HCC CELL LINES AND SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THOSE OF HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA. PDSS2 TRANSCRIPTION IN HCC CELLS WITH DECREASED PDSS2 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANYING HYPERMETHYLATION WAS REACTIVATED AFTER TREATING THESE CELLS WITH A METHYLATION INHIBITOR. MEAN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA RELATIVE TO THAT OF UNINVOLVED LIVER DIMINISHED GRADUALLY IN THE ORDER OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS TO CIRRHOSIS, AND EACH WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE OF HCCS. PDSS2 AND PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE CONSISTENT. DECREASED PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE DETECTED IN HCC TISSUES OF 56 PATIENTS, CORRELATED WITH SHORTER DISEASE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL, AND WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR. PDSS2 IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, AND PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IS A KEY REGULATORY MECHANISM IN HCC. DECREASED LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION MAY REPRESENT A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF HCC.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
13 3484  36 IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING GENES ARID4A AND ARID4B AS LEUKEMIA SUPPRESSOR GENES. BACKGROUND: LEUKEMIA EVOLVES THROUGH A MULTISTEP PROCESS FROM PREMALIGNANCY TO MALIGNANCY. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, INCLUDING HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN TUMORIGENESIS. THE INVOLVEMENT OF TWO CHROMATIN REMODELING GENES, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (RBBP1/ARID4A) AND RBBP1-LIKE 1 (RBBP1L1/ARID4B), IN LEUKEMOGENESIS WAS NOT CHARACTERIZED. METHODS: THE LEUKEMIC PHENOTYPE OF MICE DEFICIENT FOR ARID4A WITH OR WITHOUT HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY FOR ARID4B WAS INVESTIGATED BY SERIALLY MONITORING COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS TOGETHER WITH MICROSCOPIC HISTOLOGIC ANALYSIS AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF BONE MARROW AND SPLEEN FROM THE ARID4A(-/-) MICE OR ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) MICE. REGULATION IN BONE MARROW CELLS OF DOWNSTREAM GENES IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL HEMATOPOIESIS WAS ANALYZED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. GENOTYPIC EFFECTS ON HISTONE MODIFICATIONS WERE EXAMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS. ALL STATISTICAL TESTS WERE TWO-SIDED. RESULTS: YOUNG (2-5 MONTHS OLD) ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE HAD INEFFECTIVE BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IN ALL HEMATOPOIETIC LINEAGES. BEYOND 5 MONTHS OF AGE, THE ARID4A(-/-) MICE MANIFESTED MONOCYTOSIS, ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERE ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA. THESE SICK ARID4A(-/-) MICE SHOWED BONE MARROW FAILURE WITH MYELOFIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SPLENOMEGALY AND HEPATOMEGALY. FIVE OF 42 ARID4A(-/-) MICE AND 10 OF 12 ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) MICE PROGRESSED TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND HAD RAPID FURTHER INCREASES OF LEUKOCYTE COUNTS. EXPRESSION OF HOX GENES (HOXB3, HOXB5, HOXB6, AND HOXB8) WAS DECREASED IN ARID4A-DEFICIENT BONE MARROW CELLS WITH OR WITHOUT ARID4B HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY, AND FOXP3 EXPRESSION WAS REDUCED IN ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) BONE MARROW. INCREASES OF HISTONE TRIMETHYLATION OF H3K4, H3K9, AND H4K20 (FOLD INCREASES IN TRIMETHYLATION = 32, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] = 27 TO 32; 45, 95% CI = 41 TO 49; AND 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7 TO 2.7, RESPECTIVELY) WERE OBSERVED IN THE BONE MARROW OF ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE. CONCLUSIONS: ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE INITIALLY DISPLAY INEFFECTIVE HEMATOPOIESIS, FOLLOWED BY TRANSITION TO CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML)-LIKE MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER, AND THEN TRANSFORMATION TO AML. THE DISEASE PROCESSES IN THE ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE ARE VERY SIMILAR TO THE COURSE OF EVENTS IN HUMANS WITH CMML AND AML. THIS MOUSE MODEL HAS THE POTENTIAL TO FURNISH ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN LEUKEMOGENESIS, AND IT MAY BE USEFUL IN DEVELOPING NOVEL PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF PRELEUKEMIC AND LEUKEMIC STATES.	2008	

14 3866  33 JHDM1D AND HDAC1-3 MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. BACKGROUND: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A CHRONIC RELAPSING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY PRODUCTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST A SERIES OF NUCLEAR ANTIGENS AND BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. THE ETIOLOGY OF SLE IS THE RESULT OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, HORMONAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION CONTRIBUTE TO STRUCTURAL CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS. OBJECTIVE: WE STUDIED THE HISTONE DEMETHYLASE JHDM1D AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES HDAC1, HDAC2, AND HDAC3 TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE). FURTHERMORE, THE ASSOCIATION OF JHDM1D, HDAC1, HDAC2, AND HDAC3 TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WITH GENDER, AGE, AND MAJOR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS WERE ANALYZED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RQ-PCR) ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DETERMINE JHDM1D, HDAC1, HDAC2, AND HDAC3 MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM 30 PATIENTS WITH SLE AND 36 HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER HDAC2 TRANSCRIPT LEVELS (P = 0.006785) AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER JHDM1D (P = 0.0000002) AND HDAC1 (P = 0.010581) TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN SLE PATIENTS WERE OBSERVED COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. HIGHER JHDM1D MRNA EXPRESSION WAS DETECTED IN ACTIVE SLE PATIENTS WHEN COMPARED WITH INACTIVE PATIENTS (P = 0.005). FURTHERMORE, THE JHDM1D TRANSCRIPT LEVELS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY (R(S) = 0.368, P = 0.045), WHILE HDAC2 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH DISEASE DURATION (R(S) = 0.502, P = 0.0047). CONCLUSION: OUR ANALYSES CONFIRMED THE IMPORTANCE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS (HISTONE DEMETHYLATION AND ACETYLATION) IN SLE ETIOLOGY. MOREOVER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE PRESENCE OF SOME CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, LIKE HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE AND ANTI-RO ANTIBODY, MIGHT BE ASSOCIATED WITH THE DYSREGULATION OF HISTONE DEMETHYLASE AND DEACETYLASES MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
15 1121  22 COMPARISON OF EPIGENETIC PROFILES OF HUMAN ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM HIV-POSITIVE (ON HAART) AND HIV-NEGATIVE SUBJECTS. HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO COMORBID MICROBIAL INFECTIONS IN THE ORAL CAVITY. WE OBSERVED THAT PRIMARY ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS (POECS) ISOLATED FROM HIV+ SUBJECTS ON HAART GROW MORE SLOWLY AND ARE LESS INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSIVE TO MICROBIAL CHALLENGE WHEN COMPARED WITH POECS FROM NORMAL SUBJECTS. THESE ABERRANT CELLS ALSO DEMONSTRATE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES THAT INCLUDE REDUCTION IN HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 (HDAC-1) LEVELS AND REDUCED TOTAL DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) ACTIVITY SPECIFIC TO ENZYMES DNMT1 AND DNMT3A. THE DNMT ACTIVITY CORRELATES WELL WITH GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, INDICATING THAT ABERRANT DNMT ACTIVITY IN HIV+ (ON HAART) POECS LEADS TO AN ABERRANTLY METHYLATED EPITHELIAL CELL PHENOTYPE. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS LEAD US TO HYPOTHESIZE THAT, IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HIV INFECTION ON HAART, EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN KEY GENES RESULT IN INCREASED VULNERABILITY TO MICROBIAL INFECTION IN THE ORAL CAVITY.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
16 2767  33 EXPRESSION, PROGNOSTIC VALUE, AND FUNCTIONAL MECHANISM OF THE KDM5 FAMILY IN PANCREATIC CANCER. BACKGROUND: THE HISTONE LYSINE DEMETHYLASE KDM5 FAMILY IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC STATE-MODIFYING ENZYME FAMILY. INCREASING EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THAT EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN THE KDM5 FAMILY ARE RELATED TO MULTIPLE CANCERS IN HUMANS. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF THE KDM5 FAMILY IN PANCREATIC CANCER IS NOT CLEAR, AND RELATED RESEARCH IS VERY SCARCE. METHODS: R SOFTWARE, KAPLAN-MEIER PLOTTER, CBIOPORTAL, TIMER, LINKEDOMICS, STRING, METASCAPE, TISIDB, AND THE GSCA LITE ONLINE TOOL WERE UTILIZED FOR BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. RESULTS: KDM5A/B/C WAS SIGNIFICANTLY OVEREXPRESSED IN MANY KINDS OF TUMOR TISSUES, INCLUDING PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA (PAAD), WHILE THE EXPRESSION OF KDM5D WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF KDM5A/B/C WAS RELATED TO POOR CLINICAL FEATURES, SUCH AS WORSE TREATMENT EFFICACY, HIGHER TUMOR GRADE, AND MORE ADVANCED CLINICAL STAGE. PATIENTS WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER AND MELANOMA, HISTORY OF DRINKING OR HISTORY CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE KDM5A/B/C GENE ABNORMALITIES, WHICH WERE RELATED TO A VARIETY OF ADVERSE CLINICAL FEATURES. THE RESULTS OF GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) PATHWAY ANALYSES OF THE KDM5 FAMILY AND ITS 800 CO-EXPRESSED GENES SHOWED THAT MANY GENE TERMS RELATED TO CELL PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION AND MANY CARCINOGENIC PATHWAYS. NOTABLY, WE FOUND THAT THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF KDM5A/B/C WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF MULTIPLE KEY DRIVER GENES SUCH AS KRAS, BRCA1, AND BRCA2 ETC. IN ADDITION, PPI NETWORK ANALYSIS SHOWED KDM5 FAMILY PROTEINS HAVE STRONG INTERACTIONS WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE FAMILY 1 (HDAC1), WHICH COULD MODIFY THE LYSINES OF HISTONE H3, AND CO-ACT ON MANY PATHWAYS, INCLUDING THE "LONGEVITY-REGULATING PATHWAY" AND "NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY". MOREOVER, THE UPREGULATION OF KDM5A/B/C EXPRESSION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE INFILTRATION OF B CELLS, CD8(+) T CELLS AND OTHER INFILTRATING IMMUNE LYMPHOCYTES AND THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF IMMUNE MOLECULES SUCH AS NT5E AND CD274. INTERESTINGLY, THE OVEREXPRESSION OF KDM5A/C WAS ALSO CORELATED WITH REDUCED SENSITIVITY OF PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS TO MANY KINDS OF PANCREATIC CANCER-TARGETING OR CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS, INCLUDING AXITINIB AND GEMCITABINE. CONCLUSION: KDM5 FAMILY MEMBERS MAY BE PROGNOSTIC MARKERS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17 4001  36 LOSS OF MEN1 LEADS TO RENAL FIBROSIS AND DECREASES HGF-ADAMTS5 PATHWAY ACTIVITY VIA AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. BACKGROUND: RENAL FIBROSIS IS A SERIOUS CONDITION THAT RESULTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES. THE MEN1 GENE IS AN EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT ENCODES THE MENIN PROTEIN AND ITS ROLE IN KIDNEY TISSUE REMAINS UNCLEAR. METHODS: KIDNEY HISTOLOGY WAS EXAMINED ON PARAFFIN SECTIONS STAINED WITH HEMATOXYLIN-EOSIN STAINING. MASSON'S TRICHROME STAINING AND SIRIUS RED STAINING WERE USED TO ANALYZE RENAL FIBROSIS. GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE DETERMINED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR (QPCR) AND WESTERN BLOT, RESPECTIVELY. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY STAINING IN THE KIDNEY TISSUES FROM MICE OR PATIENTS WAS USED TO EVALUATE PROTEIN LEVELS. FLOW CYTOMETRY WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE CELL CYCLE DISTRIBUTIONS AND APOPTOSIS. RNA-SEQUENCING WAS PERFORMED FOR DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION GENES IN THE KIDNEY TISSUES OF THE MEN1F/F AND MEN1?/? MICE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) WAS CARRIED OUT FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MENIN- AND H3K4ME3-ENRICHED REGIONS WITHIN THE WHOLE GENOME IN THE MOUSE KIDNEY TISSUE. CHIP-QPCR ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED FOR OCCUPANCY OF MENIN AND H3K4ME3 AT THE GENE PROMOTER REGIONS. LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY WAS USED TO DETECT THE PROMOTER ACTIVITY. THE EXACERBATED UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (UUO) MODELS IN THE MEN1F/F AND MEN1?/? MICE WERE USED TO ASSESS THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RH-HGF ON RENAL FIBROSIS. RESULTS: THE EXPRESSION OF MEN1 IS REDUCE IN KIDNEY TISSUES OF FIBROTIC MOUSE AND HUMAN DIABETIC PATIENTS AND TREATMENT WITH FIBROTIC FACTOR RESULTS IN THE DOWNREGULATION OF MEN1 EXPRESSION IN RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS (RTECS). DISRUPTION OF MEN1 IN RTECS LEADS TO HIGH EXPRESSION OF ALPHA-SMA AND COLLAGEN 1, WHEREAS MEN1 OVEREXPRESSION RESTRAINS EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT) INDUCED BY TGF-BETA TREATMENT. CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT OF MEN1 RESULTED IN CHRONIC RENAL FIBROSIS AND UUO-INDUCED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (TIF), WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED INDUCTION OF EMT, G2/M ARREST AND JNK SIGNALING. MECHANISTICALLY, MENIN RECRUITS AND INCREASES H3K4ME3 AT THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR (HGF) AND A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 5 (ADAMTS5) GENES AND ENHANCES THEIR TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. IN THE UUO MICE MODEL, EXOGENOUS HGF RESTORED THE EXPRESSION OF ADAMTS5 AND AMELIORATED RENAL FIBROSIS INDUCED BY MEN1 DEFICIENCY. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT MEN1 IS AN ESSENTIAL ANTIFIBROTIC FACTOR IN RENAL FIBROGENESIS AND COULD BE A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR ANTIFIBROTIC THERAPY.	2022	
                                                                                      
18 1742  33 EARLY EPIGENETIC DOWNREGULATION OF WNK2 KINASE DURING PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT. PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS USUALLY INCURABLE. CONTRARY TO GENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PDAC PATHOGENESIS, EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS ARE ILL DEFINED. HERE, WE DETERMINE THE CONTRIBUTION OF EPIGENETICALLY SILENCED GENES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PDAC. WE ANALYZED ENRICHED, HIGHLY METHYLATED DNAS FROM PDACS, CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (CP) AND NORMAL TISSUES USING CPG ISLAND MICROARRAYS AND IDENTIFIED WNK2 AS A PROMINENT CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE BEING DOWNREGULATED EARLY IN PDAC DEVELOPMENT. WNK2 WAS FURTHER INVESTIGATED IN TISSUE MICROARRAYS, METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF EARLY PANCREATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (PANIN), MOUSE MODELS FOR PDAC AND PANCREATITIS, RE-EXPRESSION STUDIES AFTER DEMETHYLATION, AND CELL GROWTH ASSAYS USING WNK2 OVEREXPRESSION. DEMETHYLATION ASSAYS CONFIRMED THE LINK BETWEEN METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION. WNK2 HYPERMETHYLATION WAS HIGHER IN TUMOR THAN IN SURROUNDING INFLAMED TISSUES AND WAS OBSERVED IN PANIN LESIONS AS WELL AS IN A PDAC MOUSE MODEL. WNK2 MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE LOWER IN PDAC AND CP COMPARED WITH NORMAL TISSUES BOTH IN PATIENTS AND MOUSE MODELS. OVEREXPRESSION OF WNK2 LED TO REDUCED CELL GROWTH, AND WNK2 EXPRESSION IN TISSUES CORRELATED NEGATIVELY WITH PERK1/2 EXPRESSION, A DOWNSTREAM TARGET OF WNK2 RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL PROLIFERATION. DOWNREGULATION OF WNK2 BY PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION OCCURS EARLY IN PDAC PATHOGENESIS AND MAY SUPPORT TUMOR CELL GROWTH VIA THE ERK-MAPK PATHWAY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19 3168  33 GTPASE REGULATOR ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOCAL ADHESION KINASE (GRAF) TRANSCRIPT WAS DOWN-REGULATED IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOID MALIGNANCIES. BACKGROUND: GTPASE REGULATOR ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOCAL ADHESION KINASE (GRAF), A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE, IS FOUND INACTIVATED IN HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES BY EITHER GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES. HOWEVER, THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF GRAF GENE HAS NOT YET BEEN STUDIED IN LEUKEMIA. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF GRAF GENE IN THOSE PATIENTS WITH MYELOID MALIGNANCIES INCLUDING ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML), MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (MDS) AND CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). METHODS: THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF GRAF TRANSCRIPT WERE DETERMINED IN 94 PATIENTS USING REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR (RQ-PCR). CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DATA OF THESE PATIENTS WERE COLLECTED AND ANALYZED. RESULTS: THE SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED LEVEL OF GRAF TRANSCRIPT WAS OBSERVED IN THREE MYELOID MALIGNANCIES COMPARED TO CONTROLS. WITHIN AML, THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVEL OF GRAF TRANSCRIPT AMONG DIFFERENT FAB SUBTYPES (P > 0.05). DIFFERENCE WAS NOT OBSERVED IN THE AMOUNT OF GRAF MRNA BETWEEN CML AT CHRONIC PHASE AND CONTROLS. AS CML PROGRESSED, GRAF TRANSCRIPT SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED. IN MDS, THREE CASES WITH 5Q DELETION HAD LOWER GRAF TRANSCRIPT THAN FOUR WITHOUT 5Q DELETION (MEDIAN 0.76 VS 2.99) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE GRAF TRANSCRIPT IS DECREASED IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20 3049  25 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS REVEALS ZINC TRANSPORTER ZIP9 REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS VIA THE TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY. RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IS A DETRIMENTAL AND CHRONIC DISORDER THAT OCCURS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY MECHANISM OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPARED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES OF RATS BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN SHOWED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 3,650 PROTEIN-CODING GENES, 72 MICRORNAS, 5,836 LONG NONCODING RNAS AND 3 PIWI-INTERACTING RNAS. BY INTEGRATING THE MRNA AND METHYLATION PROFILES, THE ZINC TRANSPORTER SLC39A9/ZIP9 WAS INVESTIGATED IN GREATER DETAIL. THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF ZIP9 WAS INCREASED IN IRRADIATED SKIN TISSUES OF HUMANS, MONKEYS, AND RATS, ESPECIALLY IN RADIOGENIC FIBROTIC SKIN TISSUES. RADIATION INDUCED THE DEMETHYLATION OF A CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN EXON 1 OF ZIP9 THAT RESULTED IN RECRUITMENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR SP1 AND INCREASED ZIP9 EXPRESSION. OVEREXPRESSION OF ZIP9 RESULTED IN ACTIVATION OF THE PROFIBROTIC TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY THROUGH PROTEIN KINASE B IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. IN ADDITION, RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ZINC ACCUMULATION. THE ZINC CHELATOR N,N,N',N'-TETRAKIS(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-1,2-ETHYLENEDIAMINE ABROGATED ZIP9-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ATTENUATED RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IN A RAT MODEL. IN SUMMARY, OUR FINDINGS ILLUSTRATE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ZIP9 AND ITS CRITICAL ROLE IN PROMOTING RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS.	2020