1 1595 119 DNA METHYLATION PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO INTERGENERATIONAL RISK FOR PRETERM BIRTH IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH (PTB). THOUGH PTB IS HERITABLE, GENETIC STUDIES HAVE NOT IDENTIFIED VARIANTS THAT ACCOUNT FOR ITS INTERGENERATIONAL RISK, PROMPTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EPIGENETIC FACTORS MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE DNA METHYLATION FROM MATERNAL LEUKOCYTES TO IDENTIFY PATTERNS SPECIFIC TO PTB AND ITS INTERGENERATIONAL RISK. DNA FROM PERIPHERAL LEUKOCYTES FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN THAT DELIVERED PRETERM (24-34 WEEKS; N = 16) OR AT TERM (39-41 WEEKS; N = 24) WAS ASSESSED FOR DNA METHYLATION USING THE HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. IN MATERNAL SAMPLES, 17,829 CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH PTB, BUT NO CPG SITE REMAINED ASSOCIATED AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS. EXAMINATION OF PAIRED MATERNAL-FETAL SAMPLES IDENTIFIED 5,171 CPG SITES IN WHICH METHYLATION OF MATERNAL SAMPLES CORRELATED WITH METHYLATION OF HER RESPECTIVE FETUS (FDR < 0.05). THESE CORRELATED SITES WERE ENRICHED FOR ASSOCIATION WITH PTB IN MATERNAL LEUKOCYTES. THE MAJORITY OF CORRELATED CPG SITES COULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO ONE OR MORE GENETIC VARIANTS. THEY WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY MORE LIKELY TO BE IN GENES INVOLVED IN METABOLIC, CARDIOVASCULAR, AND IMMUNE PATHWAYS, SUGGESTING A ROLE FOR GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PTB RISK AND CHRONIC DISEASE. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY MAY PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE FACTORS UNDERLYING INTERGENERATIONAL RISK FOR PTB AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
2 1439  44 DIFFERENTIAL PLACENTAL CPG METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE OF PREMATURITY. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE (CLD) IS THE MOST COMMON PULMONARY MORBIDITY IN EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS. IT IS UNCLEAR TO WHAT EXTENT PRENATAL EXPOSURES INFLUENCE THE RISK OF CLD. EPIGENETIC VARIATION IN PLACENTA DNA METHYLATION MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL RISK OF CLD, AND THESE ASSOCIATIONS MAY BE DEPENDENT UPON SEX. METHODS: DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM A MULTI-CENTER COHORT OF INFANTS BORN EXTREMELY PRETERM (<28 WEEKS' GESTATION) AND AN EPIGENOME-WIDE APPROACH WAS USED TO IDENTIFY ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PLACENTAL DNA METHYLATION AND CLD (N = 423). ASSOCIATIONS WERE EVALUATED USING ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION ADJUSTING FOR COVARIATES, WITH A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE OF 0.05. ANALYSES STRATIFIED BY SEX WERE USED TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION-CLD ASSOCIATIONS. RESULTS: CLD WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AT 49 CPG SITES REPRESENTING 46 GENES IN THE PLACENTA. CLD WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF PROBES WITHIN GENES RELATED TO PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN FETAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS P53 SIGNALING AND MYO-INOSITOL BIOSYNTHESIS. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPG METHYLATION AND CLD DIFFERED BY SEX. CONCLUSIONS: DIFFERENTIAL PLACENTAL METHYLATION WITHIN GENES WITH KEY ROLES IN FETAL LUNG DEVELOPMENT MAY REFLECT COMPLEX CELL SIGNALING BETWEEN THE PLACENTA AND FETUS WHICH MEDIATE CLD RISK. THESE PATHWAYS APPEAR TO BE DISTINCT BASED ON FETAL SEX. IMPACT: IN EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS, DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF CPG SITES WITHIN PLACENTAL GENES INVOLVED IN PATHWAYS RELATED TO CELL SIGNALING, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND TROPHOBLAST INVASION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE OF PREMATURITY. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE WERE DISTINCTLY BASED ON FETAL SEX, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL MECHANISM UNDERLYING DIMORPHIC PHENOTYPES. MECHANISMS RELATED TO FETAL HYPOXIA AND PLACENTAL MYO-INOSITOL SIGNALING MAY PLAY A ROLE IN FETAL LUNG PROGRAMMING AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE. CONTINUED RESEARCH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PLACENTAL EPIGENOME AND CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE COULD INFORM EFFORTS TO AMELIORATE OR PREVENT THIS CONDITION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
3 1537  36 DNA METHYLATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDER: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. ANXIETY DISORDERS (AD) TYPICALLY MANIFEST IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND MIGHT PERSIST INTO ADULTHOOD. HOWEVER, THERE ARE STILL FEW DATA CONCERNING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ONSET, PERSISTENCE OR REMISSION OF AD OVER TIME. WE INVESTIGATED A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AT BASELINE (AGE; 13.19 +/- 2.38) AND AFTER 5 YEARS AND CLASSIFIED THEM ACCORDING TO THE AD DIAGNOSIS AND THEIR LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES INTO 4 GROUPS: (1) TYPICALLY DEVELOPING COMPARISONS (TDC; CONTROL GROUP, N = 14); (2) INCIDENT (AD IN THE SECOND EVALUATION ONLY, N = 11); (3) PERSISTENT (AD IN BOTH EVALUATIONS, N = 14) AND (4) REMITTENT (AD IN THE FIRST EVALUATION ONLY, N = 8). DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED WITH THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP FROM SALIVA SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BOTH EVALUATIONS. GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED TO CONSIDER BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. WE FOUND DECREASED DNA METHYLATION IN TDC GROUP WHILE THE CHRONIC CASES OF AD PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS. MOREOVER, WE SHOWED THAT THIS PERSISTENT GROUP ALSO PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION WHILE THE OTHER THREE GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION IN NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY. INCIDENCE AND REMISSION GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION IN NEURON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. LARGER STUDIES ARE LIKELY TO DETECT SPECIFIC GENES RELEVANT TO AD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
4 1503  35 DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO OR IN VIVO. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA INDICATE THAT CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO HAVE A GREATER RELATIVE RISK OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT, MAJOR AND MINOR BIRTH DEFECTS, AND RARE DISORDERS INVOLVING IMPRINTED GENES, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. WE EXAMINED DNA METHYLATION AT MORE THAN 700 GENES (1536 CPG SITES) IN PLACENTA AND CORD BLOOD AND MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUBSET OF GENES THAT DIFFERED IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN PLACENTA AND HIGHER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN CORD BLOOD. WE ALSO FIND THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES AT BOTH IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES. THE RANGE OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROUPS OVERLAPS SUBSTANTIALLY BUT SOME INDIVIDUALS FROM THE IN VITRO GROUP DIFFER FROM THE IN VIVO GROUP MEAN BY MORE THAN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS. SEVERAL OF THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS, SUCH AS OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY BE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GAMETES OR EARLY EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM COUPLES UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY. ALTERNATIVELY, ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN EITHER CASE, THESE DIFFERENCES OR CHANGES MAY AFFECT LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
5 5748  42 SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS EARLY IN DEVELOPMENT PREDICT DNA METHYLATION OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO A WIDE RANGE OF HUMAN DISEASES, AND ENVIRONMENTS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD ARE IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES. THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS CONNECTING EARLY ENVIRONMENTS WITH THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION IN ADULTHOOD ARE NOT KNOWN, BUT EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ARE PLAUSIBLE CANDIDATES. WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) IN INFLAMMATORY GENES IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD WOULD BE PREDICTED BY EARLY LIFE NUTRITIONAL, MICROBIAL, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPOSURES PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH LEVELS OF INFLAMMATION. DATA COME FROM A POPULATION-BASED LONGITUDINAL BIRTH COHORT STUDY IN METROPOLITAN CEBU, THE PHILIPPINES, AND DNAM WAS CHARACTERIZED IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 494 PARTICIPANTS (AGE 20-22 Y). ANALYSES FOCUSED ON PROBES IN 114 TARGET GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION, AND WE IDENTIFIED 10 SITES ACROSS NINE GENES WHERE THE LEVEL OF DNAM WAS SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED BY THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES: HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILDHOOD, EXTENDED ABSENCE OF A PARENT IN CHILDHOOD, EXPOSURE TO ANIMAL FECES IN INFANCY, BIRTH IN THE DRY SEASON, OR DURATION OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING. TO EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE SITES, WE TESTED FOR ASSOCIATIONS WITH A PANEL OF INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS MEASURED IN PLASMA OBTAINED AT THE SAME AGE AS DNAM ASSESSMENT. THREE SITES PREDICTED ELEVATED INFLAMMATION, AND ONE SITE PREDICTED LOWER INFLAMMATION, CONSISTENT WITH THE INTERPRETATION THAT LEVELS OF DNAM AT THESE SITES ARE FUNCTIONALLY RELEVANT. THIS PATTERN OF RESULTS POINTS TOWARD DNAM AS A POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS SHAPE INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPES ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6 1573  44 DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN NEWBORNS EXPOSED TO TOBACCO IN UTERO. BACKGROUND: MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF IN UTERO TOBACCO EXPOSURE ON DNA METHYLATION IN CHILDREN BORN AT TERM WITH APPROPRIATE WEIGHT AT BIRTH. METHODS: TWENTY MOTHER-NEWBORN DYADS, AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PREGNANCIES, IN THE ABSENCE OF PERINATAL ILLNESS WERE INCLUDED. ALL MOTHERS WERE HEALTHY WITH NO CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, EXCEPT FOR THE ASSOCIATED RISKS AMONG THOSE MOTHERS WHO SMOKED. UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD AND MATERNAL PERIPHERAL VENOUS BLOOD WERE COLLECTED AND AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY WAS PERFORMED USING A 450 K EPIGENOME-WIDE SCAN (ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION 450BEADCHIP) WITH ADJUSTMENT TO NORMALIZE THE DNA METHYLATION FOR DATA CELL VARIABILITY IN WHOLE BLOOD. RESULTS: THE MATERNAL PLASMATIC COTININE LEVELS RANGED FROM 10.70-115.40 NG/ML IN THE EXPOSED GROUP TO 0-0.59 NG/ML IN THE NON-EXPOSED GROUP. AFTER ADJUSTING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS IN 427102 PROBES, STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES FOR 31 CPG SITES, ASSOCIATED TO 25 GENES WERE OBSERVED. THERE WAS A GREATER THAN EXPECTED PROPORTION OF STATISTICALLY-SIGNIFICANT LOCI LOCATED IN CPG ISLANDS (FISHER'S EXACT TEST, P = 0.029) AND OF THOSE CPG ISLANDS, 90.3% EXHIBIT HIGHER METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE EXPOSED GROUP. THE MOST STRIKING AND SIGNIFICANT CPG SITE, CG05727225, IS LOCATED IN THE CHROMOSOME 11P15.4, WITHIN THE ADRENOMEDULLIN GENE. CONCLUSIONS: IN UTERO TOBACCO EXPOSURE, EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION, MAY ALTER THE EPIGENOME, CONTRIBUTING TO GLOBAL DNA HYPOMETHYLATION. THEREFORE, DNA STATUS CAN BE USED AS A BIOMARKER OF PRENATAL INSULTS. CONSIDERING THE POSSIBILITY TO REVERSE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY EXISTS TO CHANGE THE PROGRAMMED CHRONIC DISEASE.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7 4085  46 MATERNAL OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES REPROGRAM THE METHYLOME OF OFFSPRING BEYOND BIRTH BY INDUCING EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES IN METABOLIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS A NEGATIVE CHRONIC METABOLIC HEALTH CONDITION THAT REPRESENTS AN ADDITIONAL RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGIES. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN HOW MATERNAL OBESITY OR GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS DURING PREGNANCY CONSTITUTE SERIOUS RISK FACTORS IN RELATION TO THE APPEARANCE OF CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASES IN THE OFFSPRING. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC REMODELLING MAY HELP EXPLAIN THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THESE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FINDINGS. THUS, IN THIS STUDY WE EXPLORED THE DNA METHYLATION LANDSCAPE OF CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WITH OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES DURING THEIR FIRST YEAR OF LIFE. METHODS: WE USED ILLUMINA INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP ARRAYS TO PROFILE MORE THAN 770,000 GENOME-WIDE CPG SITES IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM A PAEDIATRIC LONGITUDINAL COHORT CONSISTING OF 26 CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED FROM OBESITY OR OBESITY WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS DURING PREGNANCY AND 13 HEALTHY CONTROLS (MEASUREMENTS TAKEN AT 0, 6 AND 12 MONTH; TOTAL N = 90). WE CARRIED OUT CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES TO DERIVE DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL AND PATHOLOGY-RELATED EPIGENOMICS. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED ABUNDANT DNA METHYLATION CHANGES DURING CHILD DEVELOPMENT FROM BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, UP TO 12 MONTHS OF AGE. USING CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSES, WE DISCOVERED DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS MAINTAINED ACROSS THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE THAT COULD DISCRIMINATE CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED FROM OBESITY OR OBESITY WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES. IMPORTANTLY, ENRICHMENT ANALYSES SUGGESTED THAT THESE ALTERATIONS CONSTITUTE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURES THAT AFFECT GENES AND PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS, POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES AND MITOCHONDRIAL BIOENERGETICS, SUCH AS CPT1B, SLC38A4, SLC35F3 AND FN3K. FINALLY, WE OBSERVED EVIDENCE OF AN INTERACTION BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AND MATERNAL METABOLIC CONDITION ALTERATIONS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR OBSERVATIONS HIGHLIGHT THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF DEVELOPMENT AS BEING THE MOST CRUCIAL FOR EPIGENETIC REMODELLING. FURTHERMORE, OUR RESULTS SUPPORT THE EXISTENCE OF SYSTEMIC INTRAUTERINE FOETAL PROGRAMMING LINKED TO OBESITY AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES THAT AFFECTS THE CHILDHOOD METHYLOME BEYOND BIRTH, WHICH INVOLVES ALTERATIONS RELATED TO METABOLIC PATHWAYS, AND WHICH MAY INTERACT WITH ORDINARY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES.	2023	

8 3652  34 INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERN SHIFTS IN NANOPARTICLES-EXPOSED WORKERS ANALYZED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS. A DNA METHYLATION PATTERN REPRESENTS AN ORIGINAL PLAN OF THE FUNCTION SETTINGS OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS AND TISSUES. THE BASIC STRATEGIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES DURING THE HUMAN LIFETIME ARE KNOWN, BUT THE DETAILS RELATED TO ITS MODIFICATION OVER THE YEARS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED. MOREOVER, CURRENT EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE COULD GENERATE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION SETTINGS AND, SUBSEQUENTLY, THE FUNCTION OF GENES. IN THIS STUDY, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NANOPARTICLES (NP) IN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS REPEATEDLY SAMPLED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS (2016-2019). A DETAILED METHYLATION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF 14 PERSONS (10 EXPOSED AND 4 CONTROLS) WAS PERFORMED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS. A MICROARRAY-BASED APPROACH USING CHIPS, ALLOWING THE ASSESSMENT OF MORE THAN 850 K CPG LOCI, WAS USED. INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE COMPARED BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA). THE RESULTS SHOW THE SHIFT IN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN INDIVIDUAL YEARS IN ALL THE EXPOSED AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. THE OVERALL RANGE OF DIFFERENCES VARIED BETWEEN THE YEARS IN INDIVIDUAL PERSONS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FIRST AND LAST YEAR OF EXAMINATION (A THREE-YEAR TIME PERIOD) SEEM TO BE CONSISTENTLY GREATER IN THE NP-EXPOSED SUBJECTS IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTROLS. THE SELECTED 14 MOST DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED CG LOCI WERE RELATIVELY STABLE IN THE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED SUBJECTS. IN SUMMARY, THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE FIXING OF RELEVANT EPIGENETIC CHANGES RELATED TO A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AS, E.G., NP INHALATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9 3914  43 LIFETIME STRESS ACCELERATES EPIGENETIC AGING IN AN URBAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT: RELEVANCE OF GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACCELERATED AGING AND INCREASED RISK FOR AGING-RELATED DISEASES, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. RESULTS: WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF LIFETIME STRESSORS ON A DNA METHYLATION-BASED AGE PREDICTOR, EPIGENETIC CLOCK. AFTER CONTROLLING FOR BLOOD CELL-TYPE COMPOSITION AND LIFESTYLE PARAMETERS, CUMULATIVE LIFETIME STRESS, BUT NOT CHILDHOOD MALTREATMENT OR CURRENT STRESS ALONE, PREDICTED ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING IN AN URBAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN COHORT (N = 392). THIS EFFECT WAS PRIMARILY DRIVEN BY PERSONAL LIFE STRESSORS, WAS MORE PRONOUNCED WITH ADVANCING AGE, AND WAS BLUNTED IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGHER CHILDHOOD ABUSE EXPOSURE. HYPOTHESIZING THAT THESE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS COULD BE MEDIATED BY GLUCOCORTICOID SIGNALING, WE FOUND THAT A HIGH NUMBER (N = 85) OF EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPG SITES WERE LOCATED WITHIN GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE ELEMENTS. WE FURTHER EXAMINED THE FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPGS IN AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE WITH GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION (N = 124) AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA (N = 297) BEFORE AND AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR AGONIST DEXAMETHASONE. DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED DYNAMIC CHANGES IN METHYLATION IN 31.2 % (110/353) OF THESE CPGS AND TRANSCRIPTION IN 81.7 % (139/170) OF GENES NEIGHBORING EPIGENETIC CLOCK CPGS. DISEASE ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS OF THESE DEXAMETHASONE-REGULATED GENES SHOWED ENRICHED ASSOCIATION FOR AGING-RELATED DISEASES, INCLUDING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, ARTERIOSCLEROSIS, AND LEUKEMIAS. CONCLUSIONS: CUMULATIVE LIFETIME STRESS MAY ACCELERATE EPIGENETIC AGING, AN EFFECT THAT COULD BE DRIVEN BY GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THESE FINDINGS CONTRIBUTE TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF MECHANISMS LINKING CHRONIC STRESS WITH ACCELERATED AGING AND HEIGHTENED DISEASE RISK.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10 6311  39 THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING CYTOKINES FLUCTUATE WITH AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE, AND ARE PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PATTERNS OF DNA (CPG) METHYLATION. GIVEN THAT IMMUNE CELLS ARE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKINES IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT SERUM LEVELS OF TNF, IL-6, IL-8 AND IL-10 WOULD CORRELATE WITH GENOME-WIDE ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. TO TEST THIS, WE EVALUATED COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS (N = 14; 48-78 YEARS OLD) RECRUITED TO A PILOT STUDY FOR THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA), EXAMINING DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT, APART FROM AGE, SERUM IL-10 LEVELS EXHIBITED THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL ASSOCIATION TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, FOLLOWED BY TNF, IL-6 AND IL-8. FURTHERMORE, WHILE THE LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES WERE HIGHER IN ELDERLY ADULTS, NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH EPIGENETIC ACCELERATED AGING, DERIVED USING THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK, WERE OBSERVED. CONCLUSIONS: AS A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THIS WORK MUST BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION; HOWEVER, OUR OBSERVATIONS ARE ENCOURAGING AND CERTAINLY WARRANT MORE SUITABLY POWERED STUDIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11  381  32 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF EARLY-ONSET MAJOR DEPRESSION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS. MAJOR DEPRESSION (MD) IS A DEBILITATING MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION WITH PEAK PREVALENCE OCCURRING EARLY IN LIFE. GENOME-WIDE EXAMINATION OF DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) OFFERS AN ATTRACTIVE COMPLEMENT TO STUDIES OF ALLELIC RISK GIVEN IT CAN REFLECT THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF GENES AND ENVIRONMENT. THE CURRENT STUDY USED MONOZYGOTIC TWINS TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED REGIONS OF THE GENOME THAT DISTINGUISH TWINS WITH AND WITHOUT A LIFETIME HISTORY OF EARLY-ONSET MD. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED 150 CAUCASIAN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 20 (73% FEMALE; MAGE = 17.52 SD = 1.28) WHO WERE ASSESSED DURING A DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY RELATIVELY DISTINCT NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES. ALL TWINS WERE GENERALLY HEALTHY AND CURRENTLY FREE OF MEDICATIONS WITH PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECTS. DNAM WAS MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS USING THE INFINIUM HUMAN BEADCHIP 450 K ARRAY. MD ASSOCIATIONS WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE DETECTED AT 760 DIFFERENTIALLY AND VARIABLY METHYLATED PROBES/REGIONS THAT MAPPED TO 428 GENES. GENES AND GENOMIC REGIONS INVOLVED NEURAL CIRCUITRY FORMATION, PROJECTION, FUNCTIONING, AND PLASTICITY. GENE ENRICHMENT ANALYSES IMPLICATED GENES RELATED TO NEURON STRUCTURES AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES INCLUDING CELL-CELL ADHESION GENES (E.G., PCDHA GENES). GENES PREVIOUSLY IMPLICATED IN MOOD AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AS WELL AS CHRONIC STRESS (E.G., NRG3) ALSO WERE IDENTIFIED. DNAM REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY-ONSET MD WERE FOUND TO OVERLAP GENETIC LOCI IDENTIFIED IN THE LATEST PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICS CONSORTIUM META-ANALYSIS OF DEPRESSION. UNDERSTANDING THE TIME COURSE OF EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES DURING EMERGING ADULTHOOD MAY CLARIFY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES WHERE CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLOME MAY MODULATE INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN MD RISK.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
12 5215  29 PRETERM BIRTH AND ITS LONG-TERM EFFECTS: METHYLATION TO MECHANISMS. THE EPIGENETIC PATTERNS ESTABLISHED DURING DEVELOPMENT MAY INFLUENCE GENE EXPRESSION OVER A LIFETIME AND INCREASE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASE. BEING BORN PRETERM (<37 WEEKS OF GESTATION) IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY FROM BIRTH UNTIL ADULTHOOD. THIS BRIEF REVIEW EXPLORES THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN PRETERM BIRTH (PTB) AND ITS POSSIBLE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES AND PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES CENTRAL TO PTB AND RECENT DNA METHYLATION STUDIES OF PTB.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
13 1345  37 DETECTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS USING BAYES FACTOR FOR ORDINAL GROUP RESPONSES. RESEARCHERS IN GENOMICS ARE INCREASINGLY INTERESTED IN EPIGENETIC FACTORS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, BECAUSE THEY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT CHANGES IN THE DNA SEQUENCE. THERE HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPING STATISTICAL METHODS TO DETECT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) ASSOCIATED WITH BINARY DISEASE STATUS. MOST OF THESE METHODS ARE BEING DEVELOPED FOR DETECTING DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION RATES BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. WE CONSIDER MULTIPLE SEVERITY LEVELS OF DISEASE, AND DEVELOP A BAYESIAN STATISTICAL METHOD TO DETECT THE REGION WITH INCREASING (OR DECREASING) METHYLATION RATES AS THE DISEASE SEVERITY INCREASES. PATIENTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO MORE THAN TWO GROUPS, BASED ON THE DISEASE SEVERITY (E.G., STAGES OF CANCER), AND DMRS ARE DETECTED BY USING MOVING WINDOWS ALONG THE GENOME. WITHIN EACH WINDOW, THE BAYES FACTOR IS CALCULATED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS OF MONOTONIC INCREASE IN METHYLATION RATES CORRESPONDING TO SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE VERSUS NO DIFFERENCE. A MIXED-EFFECT MODEL IS USED TO INCORPORATE THE CORRELATION OF METHYLATION RATES OF NEARBY CPG SITES IN THE REGION. RESULTS FROM EXTENSIVE SIMULATION INDICATE THAT OUR PROPOSED METHOD IS STATISTICALLY VALID AND REASONABLY POWERFUL. WE DEMONSTRATE OUR APPROACH ON A BISULFITE SEQUENCING DATASET FROM A CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) STUDY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 1599  34 DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE OF CHILDHOOD CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN T CELLS OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN. BACKGROUND: HIGH FREQUENCY OF PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IS THE CENTRAL FEATURE OF SEVERE CONDUCT DISORDER AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIAL, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN PERIPHERAL T CELLS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A CHRONIC AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY IN MALES. DESPITE THE FACT THAT SEX DIFFERENCES APPEAR TO PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN DETERMINING THE DEVELOPMENT, MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF AGGRESSION, MOST OF PREVIOUS STUDIES FOCUSED ON MALES, SO LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT FEMALE CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION. WE THEREFORE TESTED HERE WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS A SIGNATURE OF PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN FEMALE DNA METHYLATION AND, IF THERE IS, HOW IT RELATES TO THE SIGNATURE OBSERVED IN MALES. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: METHYLATION PROFILES WERE CREATED USING THE METHOD OF METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (MEDIP) FOLLOWED BY MICROARRAY HYBRIDIZATION AND STATISTICAL AND BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES ON T CELL DNA OBTAINED FROM ADULT WOMEN WHO WERE FOUND TO BE ON A CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY (CPA) BETWEEN 6 AND 12 YEARS OF AGE COMPARED TO WOMEN WHO FOLLOWED A NORMAL PHYSICAL AGGRESSION TRAJECTORY. WE CONFIRMED THE EXISTENCE OF A WELL-DEFINED, GENOME-WIDE SIGNATURE OF DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN THE PERIPHERAL T CELLS OF ADULT FEMALES THAT INCLUDES MANY OF THE GENES SIMILARLY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN THE SAME CELL TYPES OF ADULT MALES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IN A SMALL NUMBER OF WOMEN PRESENTS PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR A GENOME-WIDE VARIATION IN PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION THAT ASSOCIATES WITH CPA IN WOMEN THAT WARRANT LARGER STUDIES FOR FURTHER VERIFICATION. A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS WERE PREVIOUSLY OBSERVED IN MEN WITH CPA SUPPORTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF EARLY LIFE AGGRESSION IN FEMALES IS COMPOSED OF A COMPONENT SPECIFIC TO FEMALES AND ANOTHER COMMON TO BOTH MALES AND FEMALES.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 6083  42 THE EFFECT OF SMOKING ON DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. BACKGROUND: REGULAR SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF SYNDROMES WITH PROMINENT INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS SUCH AS CANCER, OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. HEAVY REGULAR SMOKING IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS. HOWEVER, IN YOUNGER SMOKERS, INFLAMMATORY EPIGENETIC FINDINGS ARE LARGELY ABSENT WHICH SUGGESTS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE(S) TO SMOKING MAY BE DOSE DEPENDENT. TO HELP UNDERSTAND WHETHER PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS HAVE A ROLE IN MEDIATING THESE RESPONSES IN OLDER SMOKERS WITH HIGHER CUMULATIVE SMOKE EXPOSURE, WE EXAMINED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION IN A GROUP OF WELL CHARACTERIZED ADULT AFRICAN AMERICAN SUBJECTS INFORMATIVE FOR SMOKING, AS WELL AS SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) AND INTERLEUKIN-6 RECEPTOR (IL6R) LEVELS. IN ADDITION, COMPLEMENTARY BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED TO DELINEATE POSSIBLE PATHWAYS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM SMOKING. RESULTS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WITH RESPECT TO SMOKING STATUS YIELDED 910 SIGNIFICANT LOCI AFTER BENJAMINI-HOCHBERG CORRECTION. IN PARTICULAR, TWO LOCI FROM THE AHRR GENE (CG05575921 AND CG23576855) AND ONE LOCUS FROM THE GPR15 GENE (CG19859270) WERE IDENTIFIED AS HIGHLY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS. THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES SHOWED THAT LONG-TERM CHRONIC SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF GENES CODING FOR PROTEINS MAPPING TO CRITICAL SUB-NETWORKS MODERATING INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND COAGULATION. CONCLUSIONS: WE CONCLUDE THAT CHRONIC REGULAR SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELL METHYLATION SIGNATURE WHICH PERTURB INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE FUNCTION PATHWAYS AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED VULNERABILITY FOR COMPLEX ILLNESSES WITH INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16 1583  35 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF BLOOD CELLS ARE DISTINCT BETWEEN EARLY-ONSET OBESE AND CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. OBESITY IS A HIGHLY PREVALENT, CHRONIC DISORDER THAT HAS BEEN INCREASING IN INCIDENCE IN YOUNG PATIENTS. BOTH EPIGENETIC AND GENETIC ABERRATIONS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY. THEREFORE, IN-DEPTH EPIGENOMIC AND GENOMIC ANALYSES WILL ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DETAILED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OBESITY AND AID IN THE SELECTION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR OBESITY IN YOUTH. HERE, WE PERFORMED MICROARRAY-BASED DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING OF PERIPHERAL WHITE BLOOD CELLS OBTAINED FROM SIX YOUNG, OBESE INDIVIDUALS AND SIX HEALTHY CONTROLS. WE OBSERVED THAT THE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING OF DNA METHYLATION, BUT NOT GENE EXPRESSION, CLEARLY SEGREGATES THE OBESE INDIVIDUALS FROM THE CONTROLS, SUGGESTING THAT THE METABOLIC DISTURBANCE THAT OCCURS AS A RESULT OF OBESITY AT A YOUNG AGE MAY AFFECT THE DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS WITHOUT ACCOMPANYING TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES. TO EXAMINE THE GENOME-WIDE DIFFERENCES IN THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF YOUNG OBESE AND CONTROL INDIVIDUALS, WE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES AND INVESTIGATED THEIR GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC CONTEXTS. THE ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS RELATIVE GAINS AND LOSSES OF DNA METHYLATION IN GENE PROMOTERS AND GENE BODIES, RESPECTIVELY. WE ALSO OBSERVED THAT THE CPG ISLANDS OF OBESE INDIVIDUALS ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DNA METHYLATION COMPARED TO CONTROLS. OUR PILOT STUDY SUGGESTS THAT THE GENOME-WIDE ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF OBESE INDIVIDUALS MAY ADVANCE NOT ONLY OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENOMIC PATHOGENESIS BUT ALSO EARLY SCREENING OF OBESITY IN YOUTH.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17 4072  40 MATERNAL DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES OF ARSENIC EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT OFFSPRING INSULIN RESISTANCE IN THE STRONG HEART STUDY. EXPOSURE TO LOW TO MODERATE ARSENIC (AS) LEVELS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES IN AMERICAN INDIAN COMMUNITIES. PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO AS MAY ALSO INCREASE THE RISK FOR T2D IN ADULTHOOD, AND MATERNAL AS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT OFFSPRING METABOLIC HEALTH MEASUREMENTS. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT T2D-RELATED OUTCOMES IN ADULT OFFSPRING BORN TO WOMEN EXPOSED TO LOW TO MODERATE AS CAN BE EVALUATED UTILIZING A MATERNALLY-DERIVED MOLECULAR BIOSIGNATURE OF AS EXPOSURE. HEREIN, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL DNA METHYLATION WITH INCIDENT T2D AND INSULIN RESISTANCE (HOMEOSTATIC MODEL ASSESSMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE [HOMA2-IR]) IN ADULT OFFSPRING. FOR DNA METHYLATION, WE USED 20 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDES (CPG) PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUM OF INORGANIC AND METHYLATED AS SPECIES (SIGMAAS) IN URINE IN THE STRONG HEART STUDY (SHS). OF THESE 20 CPGS, WE FOUND SIX CPGS NOMINALLY ASSOCIATED (P < 0.05) WITH HOMA2-IR IN A FULLY ADJUSTED MODEL THAT INCLUDED CLINICALLY RELEVANT COVARIATES AND OFFSPRING ADIPOSITY MEASUREMENTS; A SIMILAR MODEL THAT ADJUSTED INSTEAD FOR MATERNAL ADIPOSITY MEASUREMENTS FOUND THREE CPGS NOMINALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HOMA2-IR, TWO OF WHICH OVERLAPPED THE OFFSPRING ADIPOSITY MODEL. AFTER ADJUSTING FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS, CG03036214 REMAINED ASSOCIATED WITH HOMA2-IR (Q < 0.10) IN THE OFFSPRING ADIPOSITY MODEL. THE ODDS RATIO OF INCIDENT T2D INCREASED WITH AN INCREASE IN MATERNAL DNA METHYLATION AT ONE HOMA2-IR ASSOCIATED CPG IN THE MODEL ADJUSTING FOR OFFSPRING ADIPOSITY, CG12116137, WHEREAS ADJUSTING FOR MATERNAL ADIPOSITY HAD A MINIMAL EFFECT ON THE ASSOCIATION. OUR DATA SUGGESTS OFFSPRING ADIPOSITY, RATHER THAN MATERNAL ADIPOSITY, POTENTIALLY INFLUENCES THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL DNAM SIGNATURES ON OFFSPRING METABOLIC HEALTH PARAMETERS. HERE, WE HAVE PRESENTED EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC BIOSIGNATURES OF MATERNAL AS EXPOSURE AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER FOR EVALUATING RISK OF T2D-RELATED OUTCOMES IN OFFSPRING LATER IN LIFE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18  649  38 BIRTHWEIGHT, MATERNAL WEIGHT TRAJECTORIES AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION OF LINE-1 REPETITIVE ELEMENTS. LOW BIRTHWEIGHT, PREMATURE BIRTH, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION, AND MATERNAL MALNUTRITION HAVE BEEN RELATED TO AN INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS LATER IN LIFE. CONVERSELY, HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAS BEEN LINKED TO FUTURE RISK OF CANCER. GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION ESTIMATED BY THE METHYLATION OF REPETITIVE SEQUENCES IN THE GENOME IS AN INDICATOR OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC DISEASES. WE USED DATA AND BIOSPECIMENS FROM AN EPIGENETIC BIRTH COHORT TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TRAJECTORIES OF FETAL AND MATERNAL WEIGHT AND LINE-1 METHYLATION IN 319 MOTHER-CHILD DYADS. NEWBORNS WITH LOW OR HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN THEIR CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO NORMAL WEIGHT INFANTS AFTER ADJUSTING FOR GESTATIONAL AGE, SEX OF THE CHILD, MATERNAL AGE AT DELIVERY, AND MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY (P = 0.007 AND P = 0.036, RESPECTIVELY), BUT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DIFFERENCE WAS SMALL. INFANTS BORN PREMATURELY ALSO HAD LOWER LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD COMPARED TO TERM INFANTS, AND THIS DIFFERENCE, THOUGH SMALL, WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.004). WE DID NOT FIND IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN MATERNAL PREPREGNANCY BMI OR GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND GLOBAL METHYLATION OF THE CORD BLOOD OR FETAL PLACENTAL TISSUE. IN CONCLUSION, WE FOUND SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN CORD BLOOD LINE-1 METHYLATION AMONG NEWBORNS WITH LOW AND HIGH BIRTHWEIGHT AS WELL AS AMONG PREMATURELY BORN INFANTS. FUTURE STUDIES MAY ELUCIDATE WHETHER CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITIES OR OTHER FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THESE CHANGES CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASED RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19 2079  32 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY. BACKGROUND THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSFORMATION FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE. METHODS PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED FROM THE POPULATION-BASED NORWEGIAN HUNT STUDY. THIRTY-SIX FEMALE HEADACHE PATIENTS WHO TRANSFORMED FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP 11 YEARS LATER WERE MATCHED AGAINST 35 CONTROLS WITH EPISODIC HEADACHE. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT 485,000 CPG SITES, AND CHANGES IN METHYLATION LEVEL AT THESE SITES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS BY LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DATA WERE ANALYZED IN TWO STAGES (STAGES 1 AND 2) AND IN A COMBINED META-ANALYSIS. RESULTS NONE OF THE TOP 20 CPG SITES IDENTIFIED IN STAGE 1 REPLICATED IN STAGE 2 AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. IN THE COMBINED META-ANALYSIS THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE RELATED TO SH2D5 AND NPTX2, TWO BRAIN-EXPRESSED GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS POINTED TO PROCESSES INCLUDING CALCIUM ION BINDING AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION IN THIS FIRST GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION SEVERAL POTENTIALLY IMPLICATED LOCI AND PROCESSES WERE IDENTIFIED. THE STUDY EXEMPLIFIES THE USE OF PROSPECTIVELY COLLECTED POPULATION COHORTS TO SEARCH FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
20 2922  43 GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATION WITH SERUM LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. A MORE THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THE DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION (DNAM) PROFILES IN POPULATIONS MAY HOLD PROMISE FOR IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS JOINTLY CONTRIBUTE TO HUMAN DISEASES. INFLAMMATION IS A KEY MOLECULAR MECHANISM UNDERLYING SEVERAL CHRONIC DISEASES INCLUDING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND IT AFFECTS DNAM PROFILE ON BOTH GLOBAL AND LOCUS-SPECIFIC LEVELS. TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF INFLAMMATION ON THE DNAM OF THE HUMAN GENOME, WE INVESTIGATED DNAM PROFILES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES FROM 966 AFRICAN AMERICAN PARTICIPANTS IN THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY (GENOA) STUDY. BY TESTING THE ASSOCIATION OF DNAM SITES ON CPG ISLANDS OF OVER 14,000 GENES WITH C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP), AN INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, WE IDENTIFIED 257 DNAM SITES IN 240 GENES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SERUM LEVELS OF CRP ADJUSTED FOR AGE, SEX, BODY MASS INDEX AND SMOKING STATUS, AND CORRECTED FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. OF THE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED DNAM SITES, 80.5% WERE HYPOMETHYLATED WITH HIGHER CRP LEVELS. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT GENE ONTOLOGY TERMS ENRICHED IN THE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CRP LEVELS WERE IMMUNE SYSTEM PROCESS, IMMUNE RESPONSE, DEFENSE RESPONSE, RESPONSE TO STIMULUS, AND RESPONSE TO STRESS, WHICH ARE ALL LINKED TO THE FUNCTIONS OF LEUKOCYTES. WHILE THE CRP-ASSOCIATED DNAM MAY BE CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC, UNDERSTANDING THE DNAM ASSOCIATION WITH CRP IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTES OF MULTI-ETHNIC POPULATIONS CAN ASSIST IN UNVEILING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF HOW THE PROCESS OF INFLAMMATION AFFECTS THE RISKS OF DEVELOPING COMMON DISEASE THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013