1 1441 137 DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF K(CA) 2.1 (KCNN1) K(+) CHANNEL EXPRESSION BY HISTONE DEACETYLASES IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH CONCOMITANT HEART FAILURE. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (AF) WITH CONCOMITANT HEART FAILURE (HF) POSES A SIGNIFICANT THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE. MECHANISM-BASED APPROACHES MAY OPTIMIZE AF THERAPY. SMALL-CONDUCTANCE, CALCIUM-ACTIVATED K(+) (K(CA) , KCNN) CHANNELS CONTRIBUTE TO CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL REPOLARIZATION. KCNN1 EXHIBITS PREDOMINANT ATRIAL EXPRESSION AND IS DOWNREGULATED IN CHRONIC AF PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED CARDIAC FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS SUGGESTED BY AF SUPPRESSION FOLLOWING HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT HDAC-DEPENDENT KCNN1 REMODELING CONTRIBUTES TO ARRHYTHMOGENESIS IN AF COMPLICATED BY HF. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ASSESS KCNN1 AND HDAC1-7 AND 9 TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN AF/HF PATIENTS AND IN A PIG MODEL OF ATRIAL TACHYPACING-INDUCED AF WITH REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION. IN HL-1 ATRIAL MYOCYTES, TACHYPACING AND ANTI-HDAC SIRNAS WERE EMPLOYED TO INVESTIGATE EFFECTS ON KCNN1 MRNA LEVELS. KCNN1 EXPRESSION DISPLAYED SIDE-SPECIFIC REMODELING IN AF/HF PATIENTS WITH UPREGULATION IN LEFT AND SUPPRESSION IN RIGHT ATRIUM. IN PIGS, KCNN1 REMODELING SHOWED INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPES. HDAC LEVELS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY ALTERED IN HUMANS AND PIGS, REFLECTING HIGHLY VARIABLE EPIGENETIC REGULATION. TACHYPACING RECAPITULATED DOWNREGULATION OF HDACS 1, 3, 4, 6, AND 7 WITH A TENDENCY TOWARDS REDUCED KCNN1 LEVELS IN VITRO, INDICATING THAT ATRIAL HIGH RATES INDUCE REMODELING. FINALLY, KCNN1 EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED BY KNOCKDOWN OF HDACS 2, 3, 6, AND 7 AND ENHANCED BY GENETIC HDAC9 INACTIVATION, WHILE ANTI-HDAC 1, 4, AND 5 SIRNAS DID NOT AFFECT KCNN1 TRANSCRIPT LEVELS. IN CONCLUSION, KCNN1 AND HDAC EXPRESSION IS DIFFERENTIALLY REMODELED IN AF COMPLICATED BY HF. DIRECT REGULATION OF KCNN1 BY HDACS IN ATRIAL MYOCYTES PROVIDES A BASIS FOR MECHANISM-BASED ANTIARRHYTHMIC THERAPY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
2 5636  41 SERELAXIN ALLEVIATES CARDIAC FIBROSIS THROUGH INHIBITING ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION VIA RXFP1. RATIONALE: CARDIAC FIBROSIS IS AN INTEGRAL CONSTITUENT OF EVERY FORM OF CHRONIC HEART DISEASE, AND PERSISTENCE OF FIBROSIS REDUCES TISSUE COMPLIANCE AND ACCELERATES THE PROGRESSION TO HEART FAILURE. RELAXIN-2 IS A HUMAN HORMONE, WHICH HAS VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS MEDIATING RENAL VASODILATION IN PREGNANCY. ITS RECOMBINANT FORM SERELAXIN HAS RECENTLY BEEN TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AS A THERAPY FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE BUT DID NOT MEET ITS PRIMARY ENDPOINTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE WHETHER SERELAXIN HAS AN ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT IN THE HEART AND THEREFORE COULD BE BENEFICIAL IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. METHODS: WE UTILIZED TWO DIFFERENT CARDIAC FIBROSIS MOUSE MODELS (ASCENDING AORTIC CONSTRICTION (AAC) AND ANGIOTENSIN II (ATII) ADMINISTRATION VIA OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS) TO ASSESS THE ANTI-FIBROTIC POTENTIAL OF SERELAXIN. HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE FIBROSIS LEVEL AND INDICATE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WHICH ARE UNDERGOING ENDMT. IN VITRO TGFBETA1-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (ENDMT) ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED IN HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND MOUSE CARDIAC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (MCECS) AND WERE EXAMINED USING MOLECULAR METHODS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-QPCR ASSAY WAS UTILIZED TO IDENTIFY THE SERELAXIN EFFECT ON CHROMATIN REMODELING IN THE RXFP1 PROMOTER REGION IN MCECS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE A SIGNIFICANT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT OF SERELAXIN IN THE HEART IN BOTH MODELS. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT SERELAXIN MEDIATES THIS EFFECT, AT LEAST IN PART, THROUGH INHIBITION OF ENDMT THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIAL RELAXIN FAMILY PEPTIDE RECEPTOR 1 (RXFP1). WE FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THAT SERELAXIN ADMINISTRATION IS ABLE TO INCREASE ITS OWN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION (RXFP1) THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN FORM OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS BY ATTENUATING TGFBETA-PSMAD2/3 SIGNALING IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THAT SERELAXIN INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF ITS OWN RECEPTOR RXFP1 AND THAT THIS MEDIATES THE INHIBITION OF ENDMT AND CARDIAC FIBROSIS, SUGGESTING THAT SERELAXIN MAY HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT AS ANTI-FIBROTIC THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
3  368  33 AMYLOID BETA-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 3 CONTROLS CELL SURVIVAL IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. SWEDISH DOUBLE MUTATION (KM670/671NL) OF AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP) IS REPORTED TO INCREASE TOXIC AMYLOID BETA (ABETA) PRODUCTION VIA ABERRANT CLEAVAGE AT THE BETA-SECRETASE SITE AND THEREBY CAUSE EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD). HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS LEADING TO AD PATHOGENESIS REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN. PREVIOUSLY, OUR TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCE ANALYSES REVEALED GLOBAL EXPRESSIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF OVER 600 GENES IN APP-SWEDISH MUTANT-EXPRESSING H4 (H4-SW) CELLS COMPARED TO WILD TYPE H4 CELLS. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 3 (IGFBP3) IS ONE GENE THAT SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED MRNA EXPRESSION IN H4-SW CELLS. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF IGFBP3 IN AD PATHOGENESIS AND ELUCIDATED THE MECHANISMS REGULATING ITS EXPRESSION. WE OBSERVED DECREASED IGFBP3 EXPRESSION IN THE H4-SW CELL LINE AS WELL AS THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF AD MODEL TRANSGENIC MICE. TREATMENT WITH EXOGENOUS IGFBP3 PROTEIN INHIBITED ABETA1-42- INDUCED CELL DEATH AND CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY, WHEREAS SIRNA-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF IGFBP3 EXPRESSION INDUCED CELL DEATH AND CASPASE-3 CLEAVAGE. IN PRIMARY HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS, ADMINISTRATION OF IGFBP3 PROTEIN BLOCKED APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH DUE TO ABETA1-42 TOXICITY. THESE DATA IMPLICATE A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR IGFBP3 AGAINST ABETA1-42-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS. NEXT, WE INVESTIGATED THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF IGFBP3 EXPRESSION IN AD PATHOGENESIS. WE OBSERVED ABNORMAL IGFBP3 HYPERMETHYLATION WITHIN THE PROMOTER CPG ISLAND IN H4-SW CELLS. TREATMENT WITH THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE RESTORED IGFBP3 EXPRESSION AT BOTH THE MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO ABETA1-42 INDUCED IGFBP3 HYPERMETHYLATION AT CPGS, PARTICULARLY AT LOCI -164 AND -173, AND SUBSEQUENTLY SUPPRESSED IGFBP3 EXPRESSION. THEREFORE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT EXPRESSION OF ANTI-APOPTOTIC IGFBP3 IS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION, SUGGESTING A MECHANISM THAT CONTRIBUTES TO AD PATHOGENESIS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4 1298  30 DECREASED NUCLEAR RECEPTOR ACTIVITY AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION ASSOCIATES WITH DOWN-REGULATION OF HEPATIC DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) REQUIRE MANY MEDICATIONS. CYP2C AND CYP3A DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE MAJORITY OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS. THESE ENZYMES ARE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATED BY THE NUCLEAR RECEPTORS PREGNANE X RECEPTOR (PXR) AND HEPATIC NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA (HNF-4ALPHA). EXPRESSION OF CYP2C AND CYP3A IS DECREASED IN CKD; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THIS OCCURS IS UNKNOWN. WE INDUCED CKD IN RATS BY 5/6 NEPHRECTOMY AND USED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) TO DETERMINE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR- AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATION-MEDIATED DIFFERENCES IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE CYP2C AND CYP3A GENES. RNA POLYMERASE II AND HNF-4ALPHA BINDING WAS DECREASED 76 AND 57% IN THE CYP2C11 PROMOTOR AND 71 AND 77% IN THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER, RESPECTIVELY (P<0.05). CHIP ALSO REVEALED A 57% DECREASE IN PXR BINDING TO THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER IN CKD RATS (P<0.05). THE DECREASE IN PXR AND HNF-4ALPHA BINDING WAS ACCOMPANIED BY DIMINISHED HISTONE 4 ACETYLATION IN THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER (48%) AND HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION IN THE CYP2C11 (77%) AND CYP3A2 (77%) PROMOTER LOCI FOR NUCLEAR RECEPTOR ACTIVATION (P<0.05). THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT DECREASED NUCLEAR RECEPTOR BINDING AND HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE MECHANISM OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYME DOWN-REGULATION AND ALTERED PHARMACOKINETICS IN CKD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5  216  31 ACUTE BETA-ADRENERGIC ACTIVATION TRIGGERS NUCLEAR IMPORT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 AND DELAYS G(Q)-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. DURING HEMODYNAMIC STRESS, CATECHOLAMINES AND NEUROHUMORAL STIMULI MAY INDUCE CO-ACTIVATION OF G(Q)-COUPLED RECEPTORS AND BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS (BETA-AR), LEADING TO CARDIAC REMODELING. DYNAMIC REGULATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5), A TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR, IS CRUCIAL DURING STRESS SIGNALING DUE TO ITS ROLE IN EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF FETAL GENE MARKERS. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS REGULATION DURING ACUTE AND CHRONIC BETA-AR STIMULATION AND ITS CROSS-INTERACTION WITH G(Q) SIGNALING IN ADULT CARDIAC MYOCYTES. HERE, WE EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL CROSS-TALK BETWEEN G(Q)-DRIVEN AND BETA-AR MEDIATED SIGNALING AT THE LEVEL OF NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC SHUTTLING OF HDAC5. WE SHOW THE TRANSLOCATION OF GFP-TAGGED WILD TYPE HDAC5 OR MUTANTS (S279A AND S279D) IN RESPONSE TO BETA-AR OR G(Q) AGONISTS. ISOPROTERENOL (ISO) OR PKA ACTIVATION RESULTS IN STRONG NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION OF HDAC5 IN CONTRAST TO NUCLEAR EXPORT DRIVEN BY CA(2+)-CALMODULIN PROTEIN KINASE II AND PROTEIN KINASE D. MOREOVER, NUCLEAR ACCUMULATION OF HDAC5 UNDER ACUTE ISO/PKA SIGNALING IS DEPENDENT ON PHOSPHORYLATION OF SER-279 AND CAN BLOCK SUBSEQUENT G(Q)-MEDIATED NUCLEAR HDAC5 EXPORT. INTRIGUINGLY, THE ATTENUATION OF G(Q)-INDUCED EXPORT IS ABOLISHED AFTER CHRONIC PKA ACTIVATION, YET NUCLEAR HDAC5 REMAINS ELEVATED. LAST, THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC BETA-AR SIGNALING ON HDAC5 TRANSLOCATION WAS EXAMINED IN ADULT MYOCYTES FROM A RABBIT MODEL OF HEART FAILURE, WHERE ISO-INDUCED NUCLEAR IMPORT IS ABLATED, BUT G(Q)-AGONIST MEDIATED EXPORT IS PRESERVED. ACUTE BETA-AR/PKA ACTIVATION PROTECTS AGAINST HYPERTROPHIC SIGNALING BY DELAYING G(Q)-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION. THIS SERVES AS A KEY PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL SWITCH BEFORE ALLOWING GENETIC REPROGRAMMING VIA HDAC5 NUCLEAR EXPORT DURING MORE SEVERE STRESS, SUCH AS HEART FAILURE.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  921  30 CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED CIRBP HYPERMETHYLATION ATTENUATES HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION VIA DOWN-REGULATION OF UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS. THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA IS COMMONLY USED DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (CPB) TO PROTECT THE HEART AGAINST MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN CARDIAC SURGERY. PATIENTS WHO SUFFER FROM CHRONIC HYPOXIA (CH), SUCH AS THOSE WITH CERTAIN HEART OR LUNG CONDITIONS, ARE AT HIGH RISK OF SEVERE MYOCARDIAL INJURY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY TESTED WHETHER CH ATTENUATES HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION DURING CPB. USING A RAT MODEL OF CPB, WE FOUND THAT HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION WAS IMPAIRED IN CH RATS BUT WAS PRESERVED IN NORMOXIC RATS. CARDIAC PROTEOMES SHOWED THAT COLD-INDUCIBLE RNA BINDING PROTEIN (CIRBP) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY (P = 0.03) DECREASED IN CH RATS DURING CPB. METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF NEONATAL RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES UNDER CH AND MYOCARDIUM SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH CH SHOWED THAT CH INDUCED HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE CIRBP PROMOTER REGION, RESULTING IN ITS DEPRESSION AND FAILURE TO RESPOND TO COLD STRESS. CIRBP-KNOCKOUT RATS SHOWED ATTENUATED HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION, WHEREAS CIRBP-TRANSGENIC RATS SHOWED AN ENHANCED RESPONSE. PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE CARDIAC UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY WAS DOWN-REGULATED DURING CPB IN CIRBP-KNOCKOUT RATS, RESULTING IN A SIGNIFICANTLY (P = 0.01) DECREASED CONCENTRATION OF UBIQUINONE (COQ(10)). CONSEQUENTLY, CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS WAS AGGRAVATED AND ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE PRODUCTION WAS IMPAIRED, LEADING TO INCREASED MYOCARDIAL INJURY DURING CPB. COQ(10)-SUPPLEMENTED CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTION IMPROVED CARDIOPROTECTION IN RATS EXPOSED TO CH, BUT ITS EFFECT WAS LIMITED IN NORMOXIC RATS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT AN INDIVIDUALIZED CARDIOPROTECTION STRATEGY SHOULD BE USED TO FULLY COMPENSATE FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF CIRBP IN PATIENTS WITH CH WHO REQUIRE THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
7 1016  37 CIITA EXPRESSION IS REGULATED BY HISTONE DEACETYLASE ENZYMES AND HAS A ROLE IN ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PRE-FORMED FIBRIL-INDUCED ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MURINE MICROGLIAL CELL LINE. AIM: PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS A CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER RELATED WITH SEVERAL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS, HISTONE ACETYLATION IS ONE OF THE MOST ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE EFFECTS OF THE INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION ON ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN MICROGLIAL CELLS WHICH WERE INDUCED BY PRE-FORMED FIBRILS OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN (PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN). METHODS: PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL WAS CREATED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION TO THE BV-2 MICROGLIAL CELLS. BV-2 CELLS WERE CO-TREATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 TO INCREASE HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. ANTIGEN REPRESENTATION WAS EVALUATED BY DETERMINING EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX-II (MHC-II) AND CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (CIITA). RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED MHC-II EXPRESSION, AND THAT EFFECT WAS MOST SEVERE AT 6 H OF ADMINISTRATION OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION VIA CUDC-907 AND TMP-195 ENHANCED MHC-II LEVELS EXPRESSION, WHICH WAS MORE SEVERE IN CUDC-907. ADDITIONALLY, CIITA EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED WITH PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN ADMINISTRATION AND INTENSIFIED WITH THE CO-TREATMENT OF CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. FURTHERMORE, PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN CAUSED A TIME-DEPENDENT INCREASE IN THE IFN-GAMMA (IFN-?) AND INTERLEUKIN-16(IL-16) LEVELS, AND THAT INCREASE WAS POTENTIATED WITH CUDC-907 AND TMP-195. CONCLUSION: CHANGES IN MHC-II AND CIITA EXPRESSION INDICATE THAT HISTONE ACETYLATION INCREASES THE ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PROPERTIES OF MICROGLIAL CELLS AFTER PFF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN OR HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR (HDACI) ADMINISTRATION. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT MICROGLIAL ANTIGEN PRESENTATION MIGHT HAVE AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN LIKELY TO PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN THIS MECHANISM.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
8 2080  25 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION OF EBI3 MODULATES HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-35 FORMATION VIA NFKB SIGNALING: A PROMISING THERAPEUTIC OPTION IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. ULCERATIVE COLITIS (UC), A SEVERE CHRONIC DISEASE WITH UNCLEAR ETIOLOGY THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR COLORECTAL CANCER, IS ACCOMPANIED BY DYSREGULATION OF CYTOKINES. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-INDUCED GENE 3 (EBI3) ENCODES A SUBUNIT IN THE UNIQUE HETERODIMERIC IL-12 CYTOKINE FAMILY OF EITHER PRO- OR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FUNCTION. AFTER HAVING RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED THAT UPREGULATION OF EBI3 BY HISTONE ACETYLATION ALLEVIATES DISEASE SYMPTOMS IN A DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM (DSS)-TREATED MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC COLITIS, WE NOW AIMED TO EXAMINE A POSSIBLE FURTHER EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF EBI3 BY DNA METHYLATION UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS. TREATMENT WITH THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR (DNMTI) DECITABINE (DAC) AND TNFALPHA LED TO SYNERGISTIC UPREGULATION OF EBI3 IN HUMAN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS (HCEC). USE OF DIFFERENT SIGNALING PATHWAY INHIBITORS INDICATED NFKAPPAB SIGNALING WAS NECESSARY AND PROPORTIONAL TO THE SYNERGISTIC EBI3 INDUCTION. MALDI-TOF/MS AND HPLC-ESI-MS/MS ANALYSIS OF DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC IDENTIFIED IL-12P35 AS THE MOST PROBABLE BINDING PARTNER TO FORM A FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN. EBI3/IL-12P35 HETERODIMERS (IL-35) INDUCE THEIR OWN GENE UPREGULATION, SOMETHING THAT WAS INDEED OBSERVED IN HCEC CULTURED WITH MEDIA FROM PREVIOUSLY DAC/TNFALPHA-TREATED HCEC. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT UNDER INFLAMMATORY AND DEMETHYLATING CONDITIONS THE UPREGULATION OF EBI3 RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IL-35, WHICH MIGHT BE CONSIDERED AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN COLITIS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
9 2674  31 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10 1622  34 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES IN MALAR MELASMA AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. BACKGROUND: MALAR MELASMA HAS A CHRONIC AND RECURRENT CHARACTER THAT MAY BE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES. OBJECTIVE: TO RECOGNIZE THE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) IN MALAR MELASMA AND PERILESIONAL SKIN, AS WELL AS THE CHANGES IN DNMTS AFTER THEIR TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. METHODS: THIRTY FEMALE PATIENTS WERE CLINICALLY EVALUATED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3B USING REAL-TIME PCR AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. THESE INITIAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO RESULTS AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH NIACINAMIDE, RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. RESULTS: THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN MELASMA COMPARED WITH UNAFFECTED SKIN IN ALL SUBJECTS, INDICATING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. AFTER TREATMENT, IT WAS DECREASED IN ALL GROUPS: NIACINAMIDE (7 VERSUS 1; P<0.01), RETINOIC ACID (7 VERSUS 2; P<0.05), AND PLACEBO (7 VERSUS 3; P<0.05), WHICH CORRELATES WITH CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT. DNMT3B WAS NOT OVEREXPRESSED IN LESIONAL SKIN BUT REDUCED IN ALL GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: WE FOUND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN MELASMA LESIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS SOLAR RADIATION MAY INDUCE CELLULAR CHANGES THAT TRIGGER HYPERPIGMENTATION THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF PATHWAYS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, LIMITING OR DECREASING DNA METHYLATION THROUGH SUNSCREEN, NIACINAMIDE, AND RETINOIC ACID TREATMENTS THAT PROVIDE PHOTOPROTECTION AND GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION CAN COUNTERACT THIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
11 1843  27 EFFECTS OF TELOMERASE INHIBITOR ON EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYMES IN MALIGNANCIES. TELOMERASE HAS A CRITICAL ROLE IN CELL PROLIFERATION, TUMOR MAINTAINING, AND THERAPY RESISTANCE, WHICH ACT BY MODIFYING MANY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. 2-[(E)-3-NAPHTALEN-2-YL-BUT-2-ENOYLAMINO]-BENZOIC ACID (BIBR1532) IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED TELOMERASE INHIBITORS, AND IT TARGETS TELOMERASE COMPONENTS TERC AND TERT. IN THIS NOVEL STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 ON BOTH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS. K-562 HUMAN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINE AND U87MG GLIOBLASTOMA CELL LINE WERE COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS WITHOUT BIBR1532 TREATMENT. CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETERMINED BY USING WST-1 ASSAY. APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETECTED BY USING ANNEXIN V METHOD. TO ASSESS EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE HUMAN EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYME GENES, TOTAL RNA WAS ISOLATED FROM K-562 AND U87MG CELLS TREATED WITH BIBR1532 AND UNTREATED CONTROL CELLS. BIBR1532 INDUCED 2.41-FOLD APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN U87MG CELL LINES COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS. APOPTOSIS WAS SLIGHTLY INDUCED IN K-562 CELLS WITH BIBR1532 TREATMENT COMPARED WITH CONTROL CELLS. WE OBSERVED THAT BIBR1532 ALSO REGULATES SIMILAR GENES IN BOTH CELL LINES, AND IT IS USEFUL ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. AS A RESULT, TELOMERASE INHIBITOR BIBR1532 HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON BOTH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
12 3161  29 GRAINYHEAD-LIKE 2 (GRHL2) INHIBITS KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. WE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED GRAINYHEAD-LIKE 2 (GRHL2), A MAMMALIAN HOMOLOG OF GRAINYHEAD IN DROSOPHILA, TO BE A NOVEL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT REGULATES HTERT GENE EXPRESSION AND ENHANCES PROLIFERATION OF NORMAL HUMAN EPIDERMAL KERATINOCYTES (NHEK). IN THE CURRENT STUDY, WE SHOW THAT GRHL2 IMPAIRS KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH TRANSCRIPTIONAL INHIBITION OF THE GENES CLUSTERED AT THE EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION COMPLEX (EDC), LOCATED AT CHROMOSOME 1Q21. GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING AND SUBSEQUENT IN VITRO ASSAYS REVEALED CONSISTENT DOWNREGULATION OF EDC GENES, FOR EXAMPLE, IVL, KRT1, FLG, LCES, AND SPRRS, IN NHEK EXPRESSING EXOGENOUS GRHL2. IN VIVO BINDING ASSAY BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION REVEALED GRHL2 ASSOCIATION AT THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF ITS TARGET GENES, MANY OF WHICH BELONG TO EDC. EXOGENOUS GRHL2 EXPRESSION ALSO INHIBITED RECRUITMENT OF HISTONE DEMETHYLASE JMJD3 TO THE EDC GENE PROMOTERS AND ENHANCED THE LEVEL OF HISTONE 3 LYS 27 TRIMETHYLATION ENRICHMENT AT THESE PROMOTERS. SURVEY OF GRHL2 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKIN TISSUES DEMONSTRATED ENHANCED PROTEIN AND MRNA LEVELS IN CHRONIC SKIN LESIONS WITH IMPAIRED KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION, FOR EXAMPLE, ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND PSORIASIS, COMPARED WITH NORMAL EPIDERMIS. THESE DATA INDICATE THAT GRHL2 IMPAIRS EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION BY INHIBITING EDC GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND SUPPORT ITS ROLE IN THE HYPERPROLIFERATIVE SKIN DISEASES.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
13 1806  31 EFFECT OF TRANSCRIPTION INHIBITION AND GENERATION OF SUPPRESSIVE VIRAL NON-CODING RNAS. BACKGROUND: HIV-1 PATIENTS RECEIVING COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (CART) SURVIVE INFECTION BUT REQUIRE LIFE-LONG ADHERENCE AT HIGH EXPENSE. IN CHRONIC CART-TREATED PATIENTS WITH UNDETECTABLE VIRAL TITERS, CELL-ASSOCIATED VIRAL RNA IS STILL DETECTABLE, POINTING TO LOW-LEVEL VIRAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEAKINESS. TO DATE, THERE ARE NO FDA-APPROVED DRUGS AGAINST HIV-1 TRANSCRIPTION. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT F07#13, A THIRD GENERATION TAT PEPTIDE MIMETIC WITH COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST CDK9/T1-TAT BINDING SITES, INHIBITS HIV-1 TRANSCRIPTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. RESULTS: HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF F07#13 (0.01, 0.1, 1 MICROM) CAUSE A DECREASE IN TAT LEVELS IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER BY INHIBITING THE CDK9/T1-TAT COMPLEX FORMATION AND SUBSEQUENT UBIQUITIN-MEDIATED TAT SEQUESTRATION AND DEGRADATION. OUR DATA INDICATE THAT COMPLEXES I AND IV CONTAIN DISTINCT PATTERNS OF UBIQUITINATED TAT AND THAT TRANSCRIPTIONAL INHIBITION INDUCED BY F07#13 CAUSES AN OVERALL REDUCTION IN TAT LEVELS. THIS REDUCTION MAY BE TRIGGERED BY F07#13 BUT ULTIMATELY IS MEDIATED BY TAR-GAG VIRAL RNAS THAT BIND SUPPRESSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (SIMILAR TO 7SK, NRON, HOTAIR, AND XIST LNCRNAS) TO ENHANCE TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING AND LATENCY. THESE RNAS COMPLEX WITH PRC2, SIN3A, AND CUL4B, RESULTING IN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. FINALLY, WE OBSERVED AN F07#13-MEDIATED DECREASE OF VIRAL BURDEN BY TARGETING THE R REGION OF THE LONG TERMINAL REPEAT (HIV-1 PROMOTER REGION, LTR), PROMOTING BOTH PAUSED POLYMERASES AND INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF CRISPR/CAS9 EDITING IN INFECTED CELLS. THIS IMPLIES THAT GENE EDITING MAY BE BEST PERFORMED UNDER A REPRESSED TRANSCRIPTIONAL STATE. CONCLUSIONS: COLLECTIVELY, OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT F07#13, WHICH CAN TERMINATE RNA POLYMERASE II AT DISTINCT SITES, CAN GENERATE SCAFFOLD RNAS, WHICH MAY ASSEMBLE INTO SPECIFIC SETS OF "RNA MACHINES" THAT CONTRIBUTE TO GENE REGULATION. IT REMAINS TO BE SEEN WHETHER THESE EFFECTS CAN ALSO BE SEEN IN VARIOUS CLADES THAT HAVE VARYING PROMOTER STRENGTH, MUTANT LTRS, AND IN PATIENT SAMPLES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
14 3128  35 GIPC-REGULATED IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO THROUGH A BETA1-INTEGRIN PATHWAY. BACKGROUND & AIMS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF-BETA)-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS) AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION TO MYOFIBROBLASTS IS A KEY EVENT IN LIVER FIBROSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION. GIPC (ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN) IS A DOWNSTREAM SIGNAL ACTIVATION MOLECULE OF TGF-BETA AND OTHER RECEPTORS. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY NOVEL GENES TARGETED BY TGF-BETA AND GIPC AND ELUCIDATE IF AND HOW THEY MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LIVER FIBROSIS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED SEQUENTIAL MESSENGER RNA SEQUENCING ANALYSIS ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS AND THEN ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF GIPC ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN (GIPC) KNOCKDOWN. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-3 (IGFBP-3) TRANSPORT PROTEIN EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS WERE DONE FOR FURTHER CONFIRMATION. RESULTS: IGFBP-3, AN INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR TRANSPORT PROTEIN, EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC, WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT GIPC INCREASES THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) ACETYLATION ACTIVATING MARK AND CONCURRENTLY DECREASES THE H3K27 INHIBITORY TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27M3) MARK, PROVIDING AN EPIGENETIC CORRELATE TO THE GENE REGULATION CHANGES. IN VIVO, GLOBAL KNOCKOUT OF IGFBP-3 MICE RESULTED IN ATTENUATION OF HSC ACTIVATION MARKERS AND ATTENUATION OF PORTAL PRESSURE IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC LIVER INJURY MODELS. ANALYSIS OF SERUM LEVELS FROM CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS ALSO SHOWED AN IGFBP-3 INCREASE OF MORE THAN 2-FOLD COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. FINALLY, IN VITRO MECHANISM STUDIES SHOWED THAT IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION THROUGH INTEGRIN-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROTEIN KINASE B. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-BETA UP-REGULATES IGFBP-3 THROUGH GIPC, LEADING TO INCREASED HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PROMOTES PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO. THESE STUDIES SUPPORT THE ROLE OF IGFBP-3 AS A POTENTIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC TARGET OR BIOMARKER IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
15 1067  32 CLINICAL UTILITY OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION TO STRATIFY PATIENTS AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IS REQUIRED FOR OPTIMAL STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) AT RISK FOR RECURRENCE AND ADVERSE PROGNOSIS. COENZYME Q10 (COQ10), WHICH MEDIATES APOPTOSIS, IS SYNTHESIZED BY PRENYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE SUBUNIT 2 (PDSS2). IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION IN HCC. PDSS2 EXPRESSION LEVELS AND THOSE OF GENES ENCODING POTENTIALLY INTERACTING PROTEINS AS WELL AS THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PDSS2 PROMOTER REGION WERE ANALYZED IN HCC CELL LINES. PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS IN 151 PAIRS OF RESECTED SPECIMENS WERE DETERMINED TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF PDSS2 EXPRESSION AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS. THE EXPRESSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PDSS2 WERE DETERMINED USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN SIX OF NINE HCC CELL LINES AND SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THOSE OF HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA. PDSS2 TRANSCRIPTION IN HCC CELLS WITH DECREASED PDSS2 EXPRESSION ACCOMPANYING HYPERMETHYLATION WAS REACTIVATED AFTER TREATING THESE CELLS WITH A METHYLATION INHIBITOR. MEAN EXPRESSION LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA RELATIVE TO THAT OF UNINVOLVED LIVER DIMINISHED GRADUALLY IN THE ORDER OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS TO CIRRHOSIS, AND EACH WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THOSE OF HCCS. PDSS2 AND PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE CONSISTENT. DECREASED PDSS2 MRNA LEVELS WERE DETECTED IN HCC TISSUES OF 56 PATIENTS, CORRELATED WITH SHORTER DISEASE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL, AND WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR. PDSS2 IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR, AND PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IS A KEY REGULATORY MECHANISM IN HCC. DECREASED LEVELS OF PDSS2 MRNA EXPRESSION MAY REPRESENT A NOVEL BIOMARKER OF HCC.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16 1951  38 EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF THE TUSC3 GENE AS A POTENTIAL THERAPY FOR XMEN DISEASE. BACKGROUND: X-LINKED MAGT1 DEFICIENCY WITH INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION AND N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION DEFECT (XMEN) DISEASE IS A RARE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY CAUSED BY LOSS-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN THE MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 (MAGT1) GENE. MAGT1 DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS MAGNESIUM TRANSPORT AND THE N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION OF A PANEL OF PROTEINS, WHICH SUBSEQUENTLY ABOLISHES THE EXPRESSION OF KEY IMMUNE RECEPTORS SUCH AS NATURAL KILLER GROUP 2, MEMBER D (AKA NKG2D). THESE EFFECTS INDUCE IMMUNE SYSTEM ABNORMALITIES, CHRONIC EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION, AND NEOPLASIA. RECENT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT MAGT1 AND TUMOR CANDIDATE SUPPRESSOR 3 (TUSC3) SHARE HIGH SEQUENCE AND FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY. OBJECTIVE: WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE FEASIBILITY OF ACTIVATING TUSC3 EXPRESSION TO PROVIDE A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR XMEN DISEASE. METHODS: THE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF MAGT1 AND TUSC3 WERE ANALYZED USING MULTIPLE DATABASES, REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR, AND WESTERN BLOT. THE EFFECTS OF DECITABINE AND PANOBINOSTAT ON THE REGULATION OF TUSC3 EXPRESSION WERE EXPLORED IN BOTH MAGT1 KNOCKOUT (KO)/PATIENT-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES AND MAGT1 KO HEPATOCYTES. RESULTS: ALTHOUGH TUSC3 IS WIDELY EXPRESSED, IT IS UNDETECTABLE SPECIFICALLY IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LIVER, CONSISTENT WITH THE MAIN DISEASED TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH XMEN DISEASE. CRISPR/CAS9-MEDIATED KO OF MAGT1 IN THE NKL CELL LINE SUCCESSFULLY MIMICKED THE PHENOTYPES OF XMEN PATIENT-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES, AND EXOGENOUS EXPRESSION OF TUSC3 RESCUED THE DEFICIENCIES IN KO NKL CELLS. USING THIS IN VITRO MODEL, WE IDENTIFIED 2 EPIGENETIC DRUGS, DECITABINE AND PANOBINOSTAT, BY SCREENING. COMBINATION TREATMENT USING THESE 2 DRUGS SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED TUSC3 EXPRESSION AND RESCUED THE IMMUNE AND LIVER ABNORMALITIES. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF TUSC3 EXPRESSION CONSTITUTES AN EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR XMEN DISEASE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
17 6636  35 UNRAVELING A NEW PLAYER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATHOGENESIS: THE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN HUR. BACKGROUND: ELAV-LIKE PROTEINS ARE A SMALL FAMILY OF RNA-BINDING PROTEINS THAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PLAYERS IN POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS AND ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. HUR, THE UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, IS ALSO IMPLICATED IN SUSTAINING INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, SUPPORTING THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. INFLAMMATION PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), WHICH REPRESENTS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS. MS IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, WITH A COMPLEX AETIOLOGY INVOLVING GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON THE POTENTIAL ENTANGLEMENT OF HUR IN MS PATHOGENESIS IN PATIENTS. IN THE PRESENT WORK, WE AIMED AT EXPLORING HUR PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM MS PATIENTS, COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF HUR IN MS, WE ALSO INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS SPECIFIC RNA-BINDING PROTEIN AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN, ALSO CONSIDERING THE HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM, GIVEN THAT HSP70-2 MRNA HAS BEEN REPORTED AS A HUR TARGET AND THIS SPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH MS RISK. METHODS: ALLELES AND GENOTYPES FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM WERE ASSESSED, BY USING A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM, FOLLOWED BY DIGESTION WITH RESTRICTION ENZYME, IN MS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. PBMCS FROM A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WERE USED TO EVALUATE HUR AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT BY WESTERN BLOT. RESULTS: PBMCS FROM 52 MS PATIENTS HAD A LOWER HUR AND HIGHER HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARED TO 43 HEALTHY CONTROLS. AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HUR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE RISK OF DEVELOPING MS BY 9.8% (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), CONTROLLING FOR HSP70-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, HSP70-2 RS1061581 GENOTYPE, AGE AND SEX. MOREOVER, HOLDING HUR LEVELS, AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HSP70-2 PROTEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE MS RISK BY 18.1% (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) AND THE GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MS FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 GG CARRIERS IS CONFIRMED. OF INTEREST, MS PATIENTS WITH A MODERATE TO SEVERE FORM OF MS (MSSS >/= 3) SHOWED A TREND TOWARDS A REDUCTION OF HUR PROTEIN LEVELS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH MILD DISEASE SEVERITY (MSSS < 3). CONCLUSIONS: HUR PROTEIN LEVELS ARE REDUCED IN MS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND THE PROTEIN AMOUNT MAY CONTINUE TO DECLINE WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION, SUGGESTING A PUTATIVE ROLE OF THIS RNA-BINDING PROTEIN. MOREOVER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MS PATHOLOGY MAY HAVE DISRUPTED THE LINK BETWEEN HUR AND ITS TARGET TRANSCRIPT HSP70-2. IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO FURTHER EXPLORE THE EXACT ROLE OF HUR IN MS, CONSIDERING THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY WITH OTHER RNA-BINDING FACTORS AND TARGET MRNAS.	2020	

18 5863  26 SUPPRESSION OF ALLERGIC ASTHMA BY LOSS OF FUNCTION OF MIZ1-MEDIATED TH1 SKEWING. ASTHMA IS THE MOST PREVALENT CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE WORLDWIDE. THERE IS CURRENTLY NO CURE, AND IT REMAINS AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. HERE WE REPORT THAT LUNG-SPECIFIC LOSS OF FUNCTION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MIZ1 (C-MYC-INTERACTING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN-1) UPREGULATES THE PRO-T-HELPER CELL TYPE 1 CYTOKINE IL-12. UPREGULATION OF IL-12 IN TURN STIMULATES A TH1 RESPONSE, THEREBY COUNTERACTING T-HELPER CELL TYPE 2 RESPONSE AND PREVENTING THE ALLERGIC RESPONSE IN MOUSE MODELS OF HOUSE DUST MITE- AND OVA (OVALBUMIN)-INDUCED ASTHMA. USING TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING CRE UNDER A CELL-SPECIFIC PROMOTER, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT MIZ1 ACTS IN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS AND DENDRITIC CELLS IN ASTHMA. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION COUPLED WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT DNA SEQUENCING OR QUANTITATIVE PCR REVEALS THE BINDING OF MIZ1 ON THE IL12 PROMOTER INDICATING DIRECT REPRESSION OF IL-12 BY MIZ1. IN ADDITION, HDAC1 (HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1) IS RECRUITED TO THE IL12 PROMOTER IN A MIZ1-DEPDENENT MANNER, SUGGESTING EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF IL12 BY MIZ1. FURTHERMORE, MIZ1 IS UPREGULATED IN THE LUNGS OF ASTHMATIC MICE. OUR DATA TOGETHER SUGGEST THAT MIZ1 IS UPREGULATED DURING ASTHMA, WHICH IN TURN PROMOTES ASTHMA PATHOGENESIS BY PREVENTING TH1 SKEWING THROUGH THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION OF IL-12.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 1668  29 DOWNREGULATION OF SOCS1 INCREASES INTERFERON-INDUCED ISGYLATION DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUCED-PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS TO HEPATOCYTES. BACKGROUND & AIMS: INCREASED EXPRESSION OF IFN-STIMULATED GENE 15 (ISG15) AND SUBSEQUENTLY INCREASED ISGYLATION ARE KEY FACTORS IN THE HOST RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTION. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO CHARACTERIZE THE EXPRESSION OF ISG15, ISGYLATION, AND ASSOCIATED ENZYMES AT EACH STAGE OF DIFFERENTIATION FROM INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (IPSCS) TO HEPATOCYTES. METHODS: TO STUDY THE REGULATION OF ISGYLATION, WE UTILIZED PATIENT SAMPLES AND IN VITRO CELL CULTURE MODELS INCLUDING IPSCS, HEPATOCYTES-LIKE CELLS, IMMORTALIZED CELL LINES, AND PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES. PROTEIN/MRNA EXPRESSION WERE MEASURED FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH POLY(I:C), IFNALPHA AND HCV INFECTION. RESULTS: WHEN COMPARED TO HLCS, WE OBSERVED SEVERAL NOVEL ASPECTS OF THE ISGYLATION PATHWAY IN IPSCS. THESE INCLUDE A LOWER BASELINE EXPRESSION OF THE ISGYLATION-ACTIVATING ENZYME, UBE1L, A LACK OF IFN-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF THE ISGYLATION-CONJUGATION ENZYME UBE2L6, AN ATTENUATED ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR STAT1 AND CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF SOCS1. ISGYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN IPSCS FOLLOWING DOWNREGULATION OF SOCS1, WHICH FACILITATED STAT1 ACTIVATION AND SUBSEQUENTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF UBE2L6. INTRIGUINGLY, HCV PERMISSIVE TRANSFORMED HEPATOMA CELL LINES DEMONSTRATED HIGHER INTRINSIC EXPRESSION OF SOCS1 AND WEAKER ISGYLATION FOLLOWING IFN TREATMENT. SOCS1 DOWNREGULATION IN HCV-INFECTED HUH 7.5.1 CELLS LED TO INCREASED ISGYLATION. CONCLUSIONS: HEREIN, WE SHOW THAT HIGH BASAL LEVELS OF SOCS1 INHIBIT STAT1 ACTIVATION AND SUBSEQUENTLY IFN-INDUCED UBE2L6 AND ISGYLATION IN IPSCS. FURTHERMORE, AS IPSCS DIFFERENTIATE INTO HEPATOCYTES, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATE ISGYLATION BY MODIFYING UBE1L AND SOCS1 EXPRESSION LEVELS. OVERALL, THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELL-INTRINSIC INNATE IMMUNITY DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF IPSCS TO HEPATOCYTES PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC REGULATION OF HOST DEFENSE RESPONSES AND RELATED ONCOGENIC PROCESSES. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING REGULATION OF ISGYLATION, A KEY PROCESS IN THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, WE STUDIED CHANGES IN ISGYLATION-ASSOCIATED GENES AT THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF DIFFERENTIATION FROM IPSCS TO HEPATOCYTES. WE FOUND THAT HIGH BASAL LEVELS OF SOCS1 INHIBIT STAT1 ACTIVATION AND SUBSEQUENTLY IFN-INDUCED UBE2L6 AND ISGYLATION IN IPSCS. IMPORTANTLY, EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF SOCS1 AND SUBSEQUENTLY ISGYLATION MAY BE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC HOST DEFENSE RESPONSES IN HEPATOCYTES THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN STUDYING CHRONIC INFECTIONS AND ONCOGENIC PROCESSES IN THE LIVER.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
20 1950  32 EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF TENSIN 4 PROMOTES GASTRIC CANCER PROGRESSION. GASTRIC CANCER (GC) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE INFLUENCED BY MULTIPLE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND DIETARY RISK FACTORS CAN RESULT IN THE ACCUMULATION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN GASTRIC MUCOSA, WHICH PROMOTES GC DEVELOPMENT. TENSIN 4 (TNS4), A MEMBER OF THE TENSIN FAMILY OF PROTEINS, IS LOCALIZED TO FOCAL ADHESION SITES, WHICH CONNECT THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND CYTOSKELETAL NETWORK. WE IDENTIFIED UPREGULATION OF TNS4 IN GC USING QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR WITH 174 PAIRED SAMPLES OF GC TUMORS AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES. TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF TNS4 OCCURRED EVEN DURING THE EARLY STAGE OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. TNS4 DEPLETION IN GC CELL LINES THAT EXPRESSED HIGH TO MODERATE LEVELS OF TNS4, I.E., SNU-601, KATO III, AND MKN74, REDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION, WHEREAS ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF TNS4 IN THOSE LINES THAT EXPRESSED LOWER LEVELS OF TNS4, I.E., SNU-638, MKN1, AND MKN45 INCREASED COLONY FORMATION AND CELL MIGRATION. THE PROMOTER REGION OF TNS4 WAS HYPOMETHYLATED IN GC CELL LINES THAT SHOWED UPREGULATION OF TNS4. WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN TNS4 EXPRESSION AND CPG METHYLATION IN 250 GC TUMORS BASED ON THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS (TCGA) DATA. THIS STUDY ELUCIDATES THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF TNS4 ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF TNS4 IN GC DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION AND SUGGESTS A POSSIBLE APPROACH FOR FUTURE GC TREATMENTS.	2023