1 1316 125 DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (DELTA9-THC) PROMOTES NEUROIMMUNE-MODULATORY MICRORNA PROFILE IN STRIATUM OF SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (SIV)-INFECTED MACAQUES. CANNABINOID ADMINISTRATION BEFORE AND AFTER SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (SIV)-INOCULATION AMELIORATED DISEASE PROGRESSION AND DECREASED INFLAMMATION IN MALE RHESUS MACAQUES. DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (DELTA9-THC) DID NOT INCREASE VIRAL LOAD IN BRAIN TISSUE OR PRODUCE ADDITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN SIV-INFECTED MACAQUES. TO DETERMINE IF THE NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION OF DELTA9-THC INVOLVED DIFFERENTIAL MICRORNA (MIR) EXPRESSION, MIR EXPRESSION IN THE STRIATUM OF UNINFECTED MACAQUES RECEIVING VEHICLE (VEH) OR DELTA9-THC (THC) AND SIV-INFECTED MACAQUES ADMINISTERED EITHER VEHICLE (VEH/SIV) OR DELTA9-THC (THC/SIV) WAS PROFILED USING NEXT GENERATION DEEP SEQUENCING. AMONG THE 24 MIRS THAT WERE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED AMONG THE FOUR GROUPS, 16 MIRS WERE MODULATED BY THC IN THE PRESENCE OF SIV. THESE 16 MIRS WERE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES AND THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ENRICHED BY THE TARGET GENES DETERMINED. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT DELTA9-THC MODULATES MIRS THAT REGULATE MRNAS OF PROTEINS INVOLVED IN 1) NEUROTROPHIN SIGNALING, 2) MAPK SIGNALING, AND 3) CELL CYCLE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE THUS PROMOTING AN OVERALL NEUROPROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE STRIATUM OF SIV-INFECTED MACAQUES. THIS IS ALSO REFLECTED BY INCREASED BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND DECREASED PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION COMPARED TO THE VEH/SIV GROUP. WHETHER DELTA9-THC-MEDIATED MODULATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PROVIDES NEUROPROTECTION IN OTHER REGIONS OF THE BRAIN AND DURING CHRONIC SIV-INFECTION REMAINS TO BE DETERMINED.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
2  877  40 CHRONIC BINGE ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION DYSREGULATES GLOBAL REGULATORY GENE NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH SKELETAL MUSCLE WASTING IN SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED MACAQUES. BACKGROUND: THERE ARE MORE THAN 1 MILLION PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) IN THE UNITED STATES AND APPROXIMATELY 40 % OF THEM HAVE A HISTORY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS (AUD). CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND HIV/AIDS BOTH RESULT IN REDUCED LEAN BODY MASS AND MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION, INCREASING THE INCIDENCE OF COMORBID CONDITIONS. PREVIOUS STUDIES FROM OUR LABORATORY USING RHESUS MACAQUES INFECTED WITH SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (SIV) DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC BINGE ALCOHOL (CBA) ADMINISTRATION IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY EXACERBATES SKELETAL MUSCLE (SKM) WASTING AT END-STAGE SIV DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CHARACTERIZE HOW CBA ALTERS GLOBAL GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS THAT LEAD TO SKM WASTING AT END-STAGE DISEASE. ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAGASTRIC ALCOHOL OR SUCROSE TO MALE RHESUS MACAQUES BEGAN 3 MONTHS PRIOR TO SIV INFECTION AND CONTINUED THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF STUDY. HIGH-OUTPUT ARRAY ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DETERMINE CBA-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN MRNA EXPRESSION, MIRNA EXPRESSION, AND PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS OF SKM AT END-STAGE DISEASE (~10 MONTHS POST-SIV) FROM HEALTHY CONTROL (CONTROL), SUCROSE-ADMINISTERED, SIV-INFECTED (SUC/SIV), AND CBA-ADMINISTERED/SIV-INFECTED (CBA/SIV) MACAQUES. RESULTS: IN ADDITION TO PREVIOUSLY REPORTED EFFECTS ON THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND THE PROMOTION OF A PRO-INFLAMMATORY ENVIRONMENT, WE FOUND THAT CBA ADVERSELY AFFECTS GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS THAT INVOLVE "UNIVERSAL" CELLULAR FUNCTIONS, PROTEIN HOMEOSTASIS, CALCIUM AND ION HOMEOSTASIS, NEURONAL GROWTH AND SIGNALING, AND SATELLITE CELL GROWTH AND SURVIVAL. CONCLUSIONS: THE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF CBA ON GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS INVOLVED IN BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, ILLUSTRATING THE GENETIC AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH CBA-DEPENDENT SKM WASTING AT END-STAGE SIV INFECTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
3 6804  38 [EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN DEPRESSION]. RECENT RESEARCH HAS RAISED THE NOTION THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (E.G., DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS), WHICH EXERT LASTING CONTROL OVER GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT ALTERING THE GENETIC CODE, COULD MEDIATE STABLE CHANGES IN BRAIN FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ALONG WITH GENETIC FACTORS IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF DEPRESSION IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. TWO GENETICALLY DISTINCT MICE STRAINS, BALB/C (BALB) AND C57BL/6 (B6), EXHIBIT DIFFERENT BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS. WITH CHRONIC STRESS, BALB MICE SHOWED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS, BUT NOT B6 MICE, AND GLIAL CELL-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (GDNF) EXPRESSION LEVEL WAS DECREASED IN THE VENTRAL STRIATUM OF BALB MICE BUT INCREASED IN B6 MICE. IN BALB MICE, DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND DECREASED GDNF EXPRESSION WERE RECOVERED BY CHRONIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT. THEREFORE, WE USED THESE TWO MICE STRAINS TO INVESTIGATE HOW THE EPIGENETIC STATUS OF THE GDNF GENE IN THE VENTRAL STRIATUM MODULATES STRESS VULNERABILITY. BOTH MICE STRAINS SHOWED INCREASED DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AND MECP2 RECRUITMENT IN THE GDNF PROMOTER REGION. HOWEVER, HISTONE H3 ACETYLATION LEVEL WAS DECREASED IN BALB MICE, BUT INCREASED IN B6 MICE. FURTHERMORE, BALB MICE SHOWED INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLASE2 (HDAC2) EXPRESSION LEVEL AND RE-CHIP ASSAY REVEALED HDAC2-MECP2 COMPLEX IN BALB MICE. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF HISTONE MODIFICATION BY HDAC2 AND MECP2 COMPLEX FOR THE CONTROL OF GDNF EXPRESSION AND SUBSEQUENT BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC STRESS, IN OTHER WORDS, THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STRESS. IN ADDITION, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECT OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GDNF EXPRESSION. WE FOUND A REDUCED LEVEL OF HDAC4 RECRUITMENT AT THE GDNF PROMOTER REGION WITH ANTIDEPRESSANTS. THUS, OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT ANTIDEPRESSANTS INCREASE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE GDNF GENE THROUGH THE MODULATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION BY HDAC4. FINALLY, WE EXAMINED THE EXPRESSIONS OF GDNF AND EPIGENETIC-RELATED MOLECULES MRNAS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE AND BIPOLAR DISORDER PATIENTS BY USING QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. WE FOUND THE ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF GDNF AND EPIGENETIC-RELATED GENES INCLUDING HDAC2 AND HDAC4 IN MOOD DISORDER PATIENTS. THUS, OUR DATA PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF GDNF EXPRESSION ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
4 1820  36 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS ON THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF RAT LUNG CELLS: MODULATION BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. THE POTENTIAL OF BEHAVIORAL STRESS TO AFFECT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF NON-ENCEPHALIC TISSUES IS STILL UNDERESTIMATED. IN THE PRESENT STUDY WE EVALUATED THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC BEHAVIORAL STRESS ON THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF RAT LUNG CELLS. FURTHERMORE, WE EVALUATED THE POTENTIAL OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE TO MODULATE THE CHANGES EVOKED BY BEHAVIORAL STRESS IN LUNG CELLS. MALE WISTAR RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO FOUR EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS: (1) ANIMALS SUBMITTED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS) (ST GROUP) DURING THE PERIOD OF THE 67TH-80TH POSTNATAL DAY (PND); (2) ANIMALS SUBMITTED TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE (EX GROUP) DURING THE 53RD-79TH PND; (3) ANIMALS SUBMITTED TO SWIMMING DURING THE 53RD-79TH PND AND TO CRS DURING THE 67TH-80TH PND (EX-ST GROUP); AND (4) ANIMALS NOT SUBMITTED TO STRESS OR SWIMMING PROTOCOLS (CTL). GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED USING AN ELISA-BASED APPROACH AND GENE EXPRESSION WAS EVALUATED BY REAL TIME PCR. A DECREASED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILE WAS OBSERVED IN THE ST GROUP, HOWEVER PHYSICAL EXERCISE DEMONSTRATED PROTECTION OF LUNG CELLS FROM THIS STRESS-RELATED HYPOMETHYLATION. INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE DNMT1 GENE WAS EVIDENCED IN THE ST GROUP, WHEREAS PHYSICAL EXERCISE WAS SHOWN TO PROTECT LUNG CELLS FROM THIS STRESS-RELATED EFFECT IN THE EX-ST GROUP. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ST AND EX GROUPS REVEALED OPPOSITE EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT3A AND DNMT3B; HOWEVER, A STRESS-RELATED INCREASE IN EXPRESSION OF DNMT3A AND DNMT3B WAS NOT SEEN IN THE EX-ST GROUP. OUR DATA SHOWED THAT BEHAVIORAL STRESS INDUCED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE OF RAT LUNG CELLS AND THAT THIS COULD BE MODULATED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
5 2297  26 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PAIN. ACUTE PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH TISSUE DAMAGE, WHICH RESULTS IN THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS. RECENT STUDIES POINT TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (DNA METHYLATION) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAIN. WE HAVE FOUND THAT DURING ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF 10% MUSTARD OIL ON THE TONGUES OF RATS, LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND 3B WERE ELEVATED MARKEDLY (36 AND 42 % RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS THE LEVEL OF DNMT1 WAS NOT CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY. PREVIOUS INJECTION OF XEFOCAM WITH 0,4 MG/KG DOSE DECREASED LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND 3B (25 AND 24% RESPECTIVELY). THE LEVEL OF DNMT1 WAS NOT CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP. THE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT INHIBITORS OF DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES COULD BE USEFUL FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT NSAIDS (ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH DNMT INHIBITORS) MAY BE PROPOSED AS POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY AGENTS, WHICH MAY PLAY A ROLE IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INDIRECTLY THROUGH ALTERING THE ACTIVITY OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS INVOLVED IN PAIN DEVELOPMENT.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 1328  29 DEPRESSION AND STRESS LEVELS INCREASE RISK OF LIVER CANCER THROUGH EPIGENETIC DOWNREGULATION OF HYPOCRETIN. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT HYPOCRETIN (HCRT, OREXIN) ARE INVOLVED IN STRESS REGULATION OF DEPRESSION THROUGH THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM BY WHICH HYPOCRETIN REGULATE NEUROBIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IS UNKNOWN. HEREIN, THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS ON THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF HCRT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DEPRESSION WERE EXPLORED WITH REGARD TO A POTENTIAL ROLE IN CANCER PROGRESSION. IN THE STUDY, SPRAGUE DAWLEY (SD) RATS WERE USED TO ESTABLISH AN ANIMAL MODEL OF CANCER WITH DEPRESSION BY ADMINISTRATING N-NITROSODIETHYLAMINE (DEN) AND CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS). RNA-SEQUENCING WAS USED TO DETECT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS AND QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR) WAS USED TO VALIDATE THE RESULTS OF RNA-SEQUENCING. THE STATUS OF HCRT PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED BY METHYLATION SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. BEHAVIORAL TESTS SHOWED THAT RATS EXPOSED TO CUMS HAD SIGNIFICANT DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIORS. THE NUMBER OF LIVER TUMORS AND TUMOR LOAD IN DEPRESSED RATS EXPOSED TO CUMS WAS HIGHER THAN IN SD RATS WITHOUT CUMS. RNA-SEQUENCING REVEALED THAT HCRT WAS ONE OF THE MOST SIGINIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED GENE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF SD RATS WITH CUMS COMPARED TO NON-STRESSED GROUP, WHICH WAS VALIDATED BY QRT-PCR. HCRT MRNA EXPRESSION WAS DOWNREGULATED AND THE PROMOTER FOR HCRT WAS HYPER-METHYLATED IN THOSE WITH DEPRESSION. THESE RESULTS IDENTIFIED A CRITICAL ROLE FOR CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS IN TUMORIGENESIS AND CANCER PROGRESSION, VIA EPIGENETIC HCRT DOWNREGULATION. SUCH EPIGENETIC DOWNREGULATION MAY BE THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF CANCER WITH DEPRESSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7 2673  41 ETHANOL-INDUCED MODULATION OF GPR55 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS IS ACCOMPANIED BY H4K12 ACETYLATION. INFLAMMATION SUPPORTS THE PROGRESSION OF ALCOHOL-RELATED ORGAN INJURY. RECENT RESEARCH FINDINGS HAVE LINKED ETHANOL EXPOSURE TO CHANGES IN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND DEACETYLATION IN THE BRAIN AND IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES, LEADING TO ETHANOL-DEPENDENCE RELATED DAMAGE. ONE OF THE MECHANISMS THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE DURING INFLAMMATION IS THE CANNABINOID SYSTEM. PREVIOUS RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT ETHANOL CAN MODULATE CANNABINOID RECEPTORS' FUNCTIONS. OUR LAB HAS SHOWN THAT THE G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR (GPR55), A NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR, IS UPREGULATED IN BINGE DRINKERS AND IN CELLS TREATED ACUTELY WITH ETHANOL. ADDITIONALLY, OUR GROUP HAS ALSO UNCOVERED THAT CHRONIC ETHANOL EXPOSURE LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS ACETYLATION. HOWEVER, THE REGULATORY MECHANISM OF GPR55 WITHIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ETHANOL IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. SINCE CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS MIGHT LEAD TO CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THE MECHANISM OF ETHANOL-INDUCED UPREGULATION OF GPR55 IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES ON HISTONE PROTEINS. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PREVIOUS FINDINGS FROM OUR LAB, THE GOAL OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS ANY RELEVANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HISTONE HYPERACETYLATION AND THE REGULATION OF THE NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR GPR55 IN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS (MDDCS) OF HUMAN ORIGIN TREATED ACUTELY WITH ETHANOL. THEREFORE, MONOCYTES WERE ISOLATED FROM BUFFY COATS AND ALLOWED TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO MDDCS. THE CELLS WERE TREATED WITH ETHANOL FOR 24 H, HARVESTED, FIXED, AND STAINED WITH ANTIBODIES AGAINST GPR55. AS EXPECTED, BASED ON PREVIOUS FINDINGS, CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY SHOWED THAT ETHANOL EXPOSURE INCREASES GPR55 EXPRESSION. IN ORDER TO DEMONSTRATE THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HISTONE ACETYLATION AND GPR55 EXPRESSION REGULATION, THE CELLS WERE TREATED WITH ETHANOL, HARVESTED, AND THEN THE CHROMATIN WAS EXTRACTED AND FRACTIONATED FOR CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY, FOLLOWED BY REAL-TIME QPCR FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DNA FRAGMENTS. THE RESULTS SHOWED AN ENRICHMENT OF THE HISTONE MODIFICATION H4K12AC IN THE GPR55 GENE OF MDDCS TREATED WITH ETHANOL. FURTHERMORE, SIRNA AGAINST THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE TIP60 (RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACETYLATION OF H4K12) RESULTED IN A DOWNREGULATION OF GPR55. IN CONJUNCTION, THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT IN THE PRESENCE OF ETHANOL, THE UPREGULATION OF GPR55 EXPRESSION IS ACCOMPANIED BY H4K12 ACETYLATION, WHICH MIGHT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT IN THE ABILITY OF THIS INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S CELLS TO COPE WITH CELLULAR STRESS INDUCED BY ETHANOL. HOWEVER, THE CAUSALITY OF ETHANOL REGULATION OF H4K12AC IN GPR55 EXPRESSION CHANGES STILL LACKS FURTHER ELUCIDATION; THEREFORE, ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO CONFIRM A SIGNIFICANT CAUSALITY BETWEEN H4K12 ACETYLATION AND ETHANOL REGULATION OF GPR55 ARE CURRENTLY UNDERGOING IN OUR LAB.	2018	

8 1186  27 COORDINATED DYNAMIC GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE CAUSES WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE AMYGDALA'S CENTRAL NUCLEUS (CEA), A GABAERGIC CENTER THAT INTEGRATES AUTONOMIC PHYSIOLOGY WITH THE EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNING. WHILE ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES PLAY A ROLE IN DEPENDENCE AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CEA'S DYNAMIC CHANGES DURING WITHDRAWAL, A PERIOD OF EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC DISTURBANCE. METHODS: WE USED A QRT-PCR PLATFORM TO MEASURE 139 TRANSCRIPTS IN 92 RAT CEA SAMPLES FROM CONTROL (N = 33), CHRONICALLY ALCOHOL EXPOSED (N = 26), AND WITHDRAWN RATS (T = 4, 8, 18, 32, AND 48 HOURS; N = 5, 10, 7, 6, 5). THIS FOCUSED TRANSCRIPT SET ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT DYNAMIC EXPRESSION PATTERNS DURING THE FIRST 48 HOURS OF WITHDRAWAL AND PROPOSE POTENTIAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAUSES A LIMITED NUMBER OF SMALL MAGNITUDE EXPRESSION CHANGES. IN CONTRAST, WITHDRAWAL RESULTS IN A GREATER NUMBER OF LARGE CHANGES WITHIN 4 HOURS OF REMOVAL OF THE ALCOHOL DIET. SIXTY-FIVE OF THE 139 MEASURED TRANSCRIPTS (47%) SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION DURING WITHDRAWAL. OVER THE 48-HOUR PERIOD, DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TYPE A (GABA(A) ), IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE AND NEUROPEPTIDE SYSTEM-RELATED G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR SUBUNITS, AND THE RAS/RAF SIGNALING PATHWAY WERE SEEN AS WELL AS DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (TFS) AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. FOUR TEMPORALLY CORRELATED GENE CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH SHARED FUNCTIONAL ROLES INCLUDING NMDA RECEPTORS, MAPKKK AND CHEMOKINE SIGNALING CASCADES, AND MEDIATORS OF LONG-TERM POTENTIATION, AMONG OTHERS. CLUSTER PROMOTER REGIONS SHARED OVERREPRESENTED BINDING SITES FOR MULTIPLE TFS INCLUDING CEBP, USF-1, SMAD3, AP-2, AND C-ETS, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL REGULATORY ROLE. CONCLUSIONS: DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, THE CEA EXPERIENCES RAPID CHANGES IN MRNA EXPRESSION OF THESE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED TRANSCRIPTS THAT WERE NOT PREDICTED BY MEASUREMENT DURING CHRONIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHT INTO DYNAMIC EXPRESSION CHANGES DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL AND SUGGESTS NOVEL REGULATORY RELATIONSHIPS THAT POTENTIALLY IMPACT THE ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL MODULATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9 1117  34 COMPARATIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE GENES ALTERED BY CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN HUMAN BRAIN MICROENDOTHELIAL CELLS. BACKGROUND : HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1 ALPHA (HIF1A) IS A MASTER REGULATOR OF ACUTE HYPOXIA; HOWEVER, WITH CHRONIC HYPOXIA, HIF1A LEVELS RETURN TO THE NORMOXIC LEVELS. IMPORTANTLY, THE GENES THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE CELL SURVIVAL AND VIABILITY UNDER CHRONIC HYPOXIA ARE NOT KNOWN. THEREFORE, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA LEADS TO THE UPREGULATION OF A CORE GROUP OF GENES WITH ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION THAT MEDIATES THE CELL SURVIVAL UNDER HYPOXIA. RESULTS : WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA (3 DAYS; 0.5% OXYGEN) ON HUMAN BRAIN MICRO ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HBMEC) VIABILITY AND APOPTOSIS. HYPOXIA CAUSED A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN CELL VIABILITY AND AN INCREASE IN APOPTOSIS. NEXT, WE EXAMINED CHRONIC HYPOXIA ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN TRANSCRIPTOME AND GENOME-WIDE PROMOTER METHYLATION. THE DATA OBTAINED WAS COMPARED WITH 16 OTHER MICROARRAY STUDIES ON CHRONIC HYPOXIA. NINE GENES WERE ALTERED IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN ALL 17 STUDIES. INTERESTINGLY, HIF1A WAS NOT ALTERED WITH CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN ANY OF THE STUDIES. FURTHERMORE, WE COMPARED OUR DATA TO THREE OTHER STUDIES THAT IDENTIFIED HIF-RESPONSIVE GENES BY VARIOUS APPROACHES. ONLY TWO GENES WERE FOUND TO BE HIF DEPENDENT. WE SILENCED EACH OF THESE 9 GENES USING CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM. DOWNREGULATION OF EGLN3 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE CELL DEATH UNDER CHRONIC HYPOXIA, WHEREAS DOWNREGULATION OF ERO1L, ENO2, ADRENOMEDULLIN, AND SPAG4 REDUCED THE CELL DEATH UNDER HYPOXIA. CONCLUSIONS : WE PROVIDE A CORE GROUP OF GENES THAT REGULATES CELLULAR ACCLIMATIZATION UNDER CHRONIC HYPOXIC STRESS, AND MOST OF THEM ARE HIF INDEPENDENT.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10  531  36 ASTROCYTE REACTIVITY FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE INVOLVES ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION. BLAST INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA (BINT) IS A PREVALENT INJURY WITHIN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN POPULATIONS. THE INJURY IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL WHICH MANIFESTS AS A MULTITUDE OF COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION OFFERS AN IMPORTANT CONTROL MECHANISM FOR GENE EXPRESSION AND CELLULAR FUNCTION WHICH MAY UNDERLIE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND RESULT IN NEURODEGENERATION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS MAY BE INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND THE CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF GLIAL CELLS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ELUCIDATE CHANGES TO HISTONE ACETYLATION OCCURRING FOLLOWING INJURY AND THE ROLES THESE CHANGES MAY HAVE WITHIN THE PATHOLOGY. SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO EITHER A 10 OR 17 PSI BLAST OVERPRESSURE WITHIN AN ADVANCED BLAST SIMULATOR (ABS). SHAM ANIMALS UNDERWENT THE SAME PROCEDURES WITHOUT BLAST EXPOSURE. MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS WERE MEASURED USING THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION (NOR) TEST AT 2 AND 7 DAYS POST-INJURY. TISSUES WERE COLLECTED AT 7 DAYS FOR WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (IHC) ANALYSIS. SHAM ANIMALS SHOWED INTACT MEMORY AT EACH TIME POINT. THE NOVEL OBJECT DISCRIMINATION DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN TWO AND 7 DAYS FOR EACH INJURY GROUP (P < 0.05). THIS IS INDICATIVE OF THE ONSET OF MEMORY IMPAIRMENT. WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP), A KNOWN MARKER OF ACTIVATED ASTROCYTES, WAS ELEVATED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE FOR BOTH INJURY GROUPS. ANALYSIS OF HISTONE PROTEIN EXTRACT SHOWED NO CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF ANY TOTAL HISTONE PROTEINS WITHIN THE PFC. HOWEVER, ACETYLATION LEVELS OF HISTONE H2B, H3, AND H4 WERE DECREASED IN BOTH GROUPS (P < 0.05). CO-LOCALIZATION IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE WAS USED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE ANY POTENTIAL CORRELATION BETWEEN DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ASTROCYTE ACTIVATION. THESE EXPERIMENTS SHOWED A SIMILAR DECREASE IN H3 ACETYLATION IN ASTROCYTES EXPOSED TO A 17 PSI BLAST BUT NOT A 10 PSI BLAST. FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ARRAY, SHOWED DYSREGULATION OF SEVERAL CYTOKINE AND CYTOKINE RECEPTORS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN NEUROINFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. WE HAVE SHOWN ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED ASTROGLIOSIS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS. FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ROLE IN THE INJURY PROGRESSION MAY LEAD TO NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
11 5273  26 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND BDNF AND DAT1 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH DRUG ADDICTION. BACKGROUND: DRUG ADDICTION IS A BRAIN DISORDER THAT HAS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETY. ADDICTIONS ARE CHRONIC RELAPSING DISEASES OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE CAUSED BY DIRECT DRUG-INDUCED EFFECTS AND PERSEVERING NEUROADAPTATIONS AT THE EPIGENETIC, NEUROPEPTIDE AND NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS. BECAUSE THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN DRUG ABUSE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO ANALYZE THE METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION PROFILE OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER (DAT1) GENES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DRUG ADDICTION. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BDNF AND DAT1 PROMOTER METHYLATION WERE INVESTIGATED WITH A METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) TECHNIQUE IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 75 INDIVIDUALS WITH DRUG ADDICTION AND 65 HEALTHY CONTROLS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF BDNF AND DAT1 WERE ASSESSED IN 12 MRNA SAMPLES FROM THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS AND COMPARED TO THE SAMPLES OF HEALTHY CONTROLS (N = 12) WITH REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR. RESULTS: NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND IN THE METHYLATION OF BDNF AND DAT1 BETWEEN PATIENTS AND CONTROLS, BUT THE RELATIVE LEVELS OF EXPRESSION OF BDNF AND DAT1 MRNA DIFFERED SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE PATIENTS COMPARED TO CONTROLS (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE BDNF AND DAT1 GENES HAD NO SIGNIFICANT FUNCTION IN THE PROCESSES OF DRUG ADDICTION.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12 6572  26 TRAUMATIC STRESS-INDUCED PERSISTENT CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION REGULATE NEUROPEPTIDE Y EXPRESSION IN RAT JEJUNUM. BACKGROUND: STRESS-INDUCED CHRONIC NEUROPSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS SUCH AS ANXIETY ARE OFTEN CO-MORBID WITH GASTROINTESTINAL MALFUNCTIONS. WHILE WE FIND ENDURING ANXIETY-LIKE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING MINIMAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (MTBI) IN RATS, GASTROINTESTINAL CONSEQUENCES OF MTBI REMAIN ELUSIVE. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF MTBI ON A MAJOR GUT PEPTIDE, NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) AND GUT MOTILITY. DNA METHYLATION WAS STUDIED AS A POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OPERATIVE IN THE REGULATION OF NPY EXPRESSION IN THE GUT. KEY RESULTS: MINIMAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY REDUCED THE GUT MOTILITY 48 HOURS AND 30 DAYS AFTER TRAUMA. THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ISOFORMS (DNMT1, DNMT3A, AND DNMT3B) WAS ALTERED IN THE JEJUNUM 48 HOURS AND 30 DAYS AFTER MTBI. HOWEVER, THE MRNA LEVELS OF GROWTH ARREST AND DNA DAMAGE 45 (GADD45) ISOFORMS, GADD45A, AND GADD45B, WHICH ARE BELIEVED TO BE INVOLVED IN ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION, INITIALLY DECREASED AT 48 HOURS BUT SUBSEQUENTLY INCREASED AFTER 30 DAYS OF TRAUMA. SIMILARLY, DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AT THE NPY PROMOTER REGION IN THE JEJUNUM WAS CORRELATED WITH THE INCREASE IN NPY MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVELS 30 DAYS POST-TRAUMA. ON THE OTHER HAND, DNA HYPOMETHYLATION AT 48 HOURS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECLINE IN NPY EXPRESSION. TREATMENT WITH 5-AZACYTIDINE (5-AZAC), A DNMT INHIBITOR, RETARDED DNA METHYLATION AND RESTORED THE NPY MRNA LEVELS IN THE JEJUNUM OF MTBI-INDUCED RATS. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DNA DEMETHYLATION COULD BE OPERATIVE AS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IN THE LONG-TERM REGULATION OF NPY GENE EXPRESSION TO ALTER THE GUT MOTILITY DURING TRAUMATIC STRESS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13 1418  29 DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION REPROGRAMMING UNDERLIE THE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF BEHAVIORAL DISORDER CAUSED BY PRENATAL STRESS IN RATS. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) CAN LEAD TO NEUROENDOCRINE AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS LATER IN ADOLESCENCE. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THESE NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED; HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER THERE ARE SEX DIFFERENCES IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RATS EXPOSED TO PS. PREGNANT FEMALE RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS FROM GESTATIONAL DAY (G)12 TO G18. FROM POSTNATAL DAY (P)38 TO P45, SUBGROUPS OF OFFSPRING INCLUDING BOTH MALES AND FEMALES WERE SUBJECTED TO BEHAVIORAL TESTING AND BRAIN TISSUE SPECIMENS WERE ANALYZED BY DNA PYROSEQUENCING, WESTERN BLOTTING, AND GOLGI STAINING TO ASSESS CHANGES IN METHYLATION PATTERN OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) GENE, EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) AND DNA DEMETHYLASE, AND DENDRITE MORPHOLOGY, RESPECTIVELY. THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR DECITABINE WAS ADMINISTERED TO RATS PRIOR TO PS TO FURTHER EVALUATE THE ROLE OF METHYLATION IN THE SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC EFFECTS OF PS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT PS INCREASED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN OFFSPRING, ESPECIALLY IN FEMALES, WHILE DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIOR WAS INCREASED IN MALE OFFSPRING COMPARED TO CONTROL LITTERMATES. THE METHYLATION PATTERN IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GR GENE DIFFERED BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES. SEX-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF DNMTS (DNMT1 AND DNMT3A) AND DNA DEMETHYLASE (TET METHYLCYTOSINE DIOXYGENASE 2) WERE ALSO OBSERVED. INTERESTINGLY, DECITABINE ALLEVIATED THE BEHAVIORAL DISORDER CAUSED BY PS AND RESTORED DENDRITE DENSITY AND MORPHOLOGY IN FEMALE BUT NOT MALE RATS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT DIFFERENT CHANGE PATTERNS OF DNMT AND DEMETHYLASE IN THE TWO SEXES AFTER PS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SEXUALLY DIMORPHISM, WHICH COULD HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
14 6794  34 [EFFECT OF BENZO(A)PYRENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF AHR-REGULATED MICRORNA IN FEMALE AND MALE RAT LUNGS]. SMOKING IS THE MAIN RISK FACTOR FOR LUNG CANCER, MAINLY DUE TO PRESENCE OF NITROSAMINES AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, INCLUDING BENZO[A]PYRENE (BP) IN TOBACCO SMOKE COMPOSITION. THE GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF BP IS BASED ON THE HIGH DNA-BINDING ABILITY OF ITS METABOLITES, WHILE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ARE MEDIATED BY A CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF CANCER RELATED GENES OR REGULATORY RNAS. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT WOMEN HAVE A HIGHER RISK TO DEVELOP LUNG CANCER UPON SMOKING RATHER THAN MEN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CROSSTALK BETWEEN SIGNALING PATHWAYS ACTIVATED BY BP AND ESTROGENS COULD UNDERLIE THE SEX-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES IN MIRNAS EXPRESSION. TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, MALE AND FEMALE RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO SHORT-TERM OR LONG-TERM BP EXPOSURE. USING IN SILICO ANALYSIS, MIRNAS CONTAINING THE ER- AND AHR-BINDING SITES IN THE PROMOTERS OF THE GENES (OR HOST GENES) WERE SELECTED. DURING CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF BP THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-22-3P, -29A-3P, -126A-3P, -193B-5P IN THE LUNGS OF MALE RATS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED, WHILE THE LEVEL OF MIRNA-483-3P WERE DECREASED. EXPRESSION OF MIRNA-483-3P WAS UP-REGULATED DURING CHRONIC BP EXPOSURE IN THE LUNGS OF FEMALE RATS AND THE LEVELS OF OTHER STUDIED MIRNAS WERE UNCHANGED. IN TURN, CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS WERE FOLLOWED BY CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET GENES, INCLUDING PTEN, EMP2, IGF1, ITGA6, SLC34A2, AND THE OBSERVED CHANGES IN FEMALE AND MALE RAT LUNGS WERE VARIED. THUS, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT SEX-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BP MAY BE BASED ON DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF AHR- AND ER- REGULATED MIRNAS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15  989  31 CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE. OBJECTIVES: ALTHOUGH STRESS IS CONSIDERED A PRIMARY RISK FACTOR FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, A MAJORITY OF INDIVIDUALS ARE RESILIENT TO THE EFFECTS OF STRESS EXPOSURE AND SUCCESSFULLY ADAPT TO ADVERSE LIFE EVENTS, WHILE OTHERS, THE SO-CALLED SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS, MAY HAVE PROBLEMS TO PROPERLY ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THESE DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO STRESS EXPOSURE ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD.METHODS: ADULT MALE C57BL/6J MICE WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS PROTOCOL AND LEVELS OF BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES WERE ANALYSED BY REAL-TIME PCR IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (HPC) AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE.RESULTS: WE FOUND A SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF BDNF-6 TRANSCRIPT IN THE HPC AND AN INCREASE OF BDNF-4 TRANSCRIPT IN THE PFC OF SUSCEPTIBLE MICE. MOREOVER, SUSCEPTIBLE MICE SHOWED A SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF THE G9A MRNA LEVELS IN THE HPC, WHILE HDAC-5 AND DNMT3A MRNA LEVELS WERE SPECIFICALLY REDUCED IN THE PFC.CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR RESULTS, SHOWING A DIFFERENT EXPRESSION OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFYING ENZYMES IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESILIENT MICE, SUGGEST THAT STRESS RESILIENCE IS NOT SIMPLY A LACK OF ACTIVATION OF STRESS-RELATED PATHWAYS, BUT IS RELATED TO THE ACTIVATION OF ADDITIONAL DIFFERENT SPECIFIC MECHANISMS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16 6411  33 THE SITE SPECIFIC DEMETHYLATION IN THE 5'-REGULATORY AREA OF NMDA RECEPTOR 2B SUBUNIT GENE ASSOCIATED WITH CIE-INDUCED UP-REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION. BACKGROUND: THE NMDA RECEPTOR REPRESENTS A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT SITE OF ETHANOL ACTION IN THE CNS. WE RECENTLY REPORTED THAT NMDA RECEPTOR 2B (NR2B) GENE EXPRESSION WAS PERSISTENTLY UP-REGULATED FOLLOWING CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL (CIE) TREATMENT. INCREASING EVIDENCE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN DYNAMIC AND LONG-LASTING REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN MULTIPLE NEUROADAPTIVE PROCESSES PROMPTED US TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN MEDIATING CIE-INDUCED UP-REGULATION OF NR2B GENE TRANSCRIPTION. TO DISSECT THE CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE NR2B GENE, WE HAVE SCREENED A LARGE NUMBER OF CPG SITES WITHIN ITS 5'-REGULATORY AREA FOLLOWING CIE TREATMENT. METHODS: PRIMARY CORTICAL CULTURED NEURONS WERE SUBJECTED TO ETHANOL TREATMENT IN A CIE PARADIGM. BISULFITE CONVERSION FOLLOWED BY PYROSEQUENCING WAS USED FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF CPG METHYLATION STATUS WITHIN THE 5'-REGULATORY AREA OF THE NR2B GENE; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) ASSAY WAS USED TO EXAMINE DNA LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING. ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SHIFT ASSAY (EMSA) AND IN VITRO DNA METHYLATION ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE DIRECT IMPACT OF DNA METHYLATION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DNA AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND PROMOTER ACTIVITY. RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL CPG METHYLATION SITES WITHIN THE NR2B 5'REGULATORY AREA REVEALED THREE REGIONS WITH CLUSTERS OF SITE-SPECIFIC CPG DEMETHYLATION FOLLOWING CIE TREATMENT AND WITHDRAWAL. THIS WAS CONFIRMED BY CHIP SHOWING SIMILAR DECREASES OF METHYLATED DNA IN THE SAME REGIONS. THE CIE-INDUCED DEMETHYLATION IS CHARACTERIZED BY BEING LOCATED NEAR CERTAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SEQUENCES, AP-1 AND CRE, AND OCCURRED DURING TREATMENT AS WELL AS AFTER ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL. FURTHERMORE, THE INCREASE IN VITRO OF METHYLATED DNA DECREASED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING ACTIVITY AND PROMOTER ACTIVITY. AN ADDITIONAL CHIP ASSAY INDICATED THAT THE CIE-INDUCED DNA DEMETHYLATION IS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED OCCUPATION BY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF DNA DEMETHYLATION IN MEDIATING CIE-INDUCED NR2B GENE UP-REGULATION, THUS IMPLICATING A NOVEL MOLECULAR SITE OF ALCOHOL ACTION.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17 2705  34 EXERCISE AND LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION MODULATE LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY AND THE EXPRESSION OF BDNF ACCOMPANIED BY CHANGES IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. AEROBIC EXERCISE IS KNOWN TO INCREASE EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND TO IMPROVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION. THE INHIBITION OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES ENHANCES HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY AS WELL AS LEARNING AND MEMORY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION AND EXERCISE ON BEHAVIOR TESTS (COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY), EXPRESSION OF BDNF AND EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS INCLUDING THE ACTIVITY LEVELS OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. ICR MICE WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: THOSE WHO DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN EXERCISE AND THOSE WHO PARTICIPATED IN EXERCISE. EACH GROUP WAS SUBDIVIDED INTO TWO OTHER GROUPS: THE ONE WHO RECEIVED VEHICLE AND THE ONE WHO RECEIVED GABA(A) RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, BICUCULLIN. WE ADMINISTERED SALINE OR BICUCULLINE INTRAPERITONEALLY TO THE MICE AT A NON-EPILEPTIC DOSE OF 0.25 MG/KG, WHEREAS THE MICE WERE EXERCISED ON A TREADMILL FOR APPROXIMATELY 1 H A DAY, 5 DAYS A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS. NOVEL-OBJECT RECOGNITION TEST AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY WERE ASSESSED AT A REST DAY APPROXIMATELY 4 DAYS BEFORE THE EUTHANASIA. THE MICE WERE EUTHANIZED 4 H AFTER THE LAST EXERCISE SESSION. AEROBIC EXERCISE FOR 4 WEEKS INCREASED MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF BDNF IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, ACCOMPANIED BY ENHANCED HAT ACTIVITY. ALTERNATIVELY, BICUCULLINE ADMINISTRATION INCREASED HDAC ACTIVITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. FURTHERMORE, EXERCISE IN THE PRESENCE OF BICUCULLINE ADMINISTRATION INCREASED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY, INDICATING THAT EXERCISE COMBINED WITH LOW-LEVEL GABA(A) RECEPTOR INHIBITION POTENTIATED THE ACTIVITY OF THE MICE. ALTOGETHER, THE PRESENT STUDY SUGGESTED THAT EXERCISE BENEFICIALLY CONTRIBUTES TO NEUROPROTECTION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS ACCOMPANIED BY THE UP-REGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION, WHEREAS THE CHRONIC INHIBITION OF GABA(A) RECEPTOR POTENTIATES EXERCISE-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
18 2740  28 EXPOSURE TO EARLY LIFE STRESS RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN A PARKINSONIAN RAT MODEL. EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY INCREASES THE RISK OF MENTAL DISORDERS LATER IN LIFE. CHRONIC EARLY LIFE STRESS MAY ALTER NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION INCLUDING THOSE FOR BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND GLIAL CELL DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (GDNF) THAT ARE IMPORTANT IN NEURONAL GROWTH, SURVIVAL, AND MAINTENANCE. MATERNAL SEPARATION WAS USED IN THIS STUDY TO MODEL EARLY LIFE STRESS. FOLLOWING UNILATERAL INJECTION OF A MILD DOSE OF 6-HYDROXYDOPAMINE (6-OHDA), WE MEASURED CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) IN THE BLOOD AND STRIATUM OF STRESSED AND NONSTRESSED RATS; WE ALSO MEASURED DNA METHYLATION AND BDNF AND GDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE STRIATUM USING REAL TIME PCR. IN THE PRESENCE OF STRESS, WE FOUND THAT THERE WAS INCREASED CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN BOTH BLOOD AND STRIATAL TISSUE. FURTHER TO THIS, WE FOUND HIGHER DNA METHYLATION AND DECREASED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION. 6-OHDA LESION INCREASED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN BOTH STRESSED AND NONSTRESSED RATS BUT THIS INCREASE WAS HIGHER IN THE NONSTRESSED RATS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EXPOSURE TO EARLY POSTNATAL STRESS INCREASES CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION WHICH LEADS TO INCREASED DNA METHYLATION. THIS EFFECT RESULTS IN DECREASED BDNF AND GDNF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE STRIATUM LEADING TO DECREASED PROTECTION AGAINST SUBSEQUENT INSULTS LATER IN LIFE.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
19 2442  26 EPIGENETIC STABILITY IN THE ADULT MOUSE CORTEX UNDER CONDITIONS OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED HISTONE ACETYLATION. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS CONSIDERED A MAJOR EPIGENETIC PROCESS THAT AFFECTS BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY, AS WELL AS LEARNING AND MEMORY. THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTORS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES RESPONSIBLE FOR PLASTICITY AS A RESULT OF LONG-TERM MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE ACETYLATION ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. TO THIS END, WE PHARMACOLOGICALLY INHIBITED HISTONE DEACETYLATION USING TRICHOSTATIN A IN ADULT (6-MONTH-OLD) MICE AND FOUND SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN THE LEVELS OF THE ACETYLATED HISTONE MARKS H3LYS9, H3LYS14 AND H4LYS12. HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF DIVERSE BRAIN REGIONS UNCOVERED FEW DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION BETWEEN TREATED AND CONTROL ANIMALS, NONE OF WHICH WERE PLASTICITY RELATED. INSTEAD, AFTER INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION, WE DETECTED A LARGE NUMBER OF NOVEL TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ACTIVE REGIONS, WHICH CORRESPOND TO LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS). WE ALSO SURPRISINGLY FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN DENDRITIC SPINE PLASTICITY IN LAYERS 1 AND 2/3 OF THE VISUAL CORTEX USING LONG-TERM IN VIVO TWO-PHOTON IMAGING. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHRONIC PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED HISTONE ACETYLATION CAN BE DECOUPLED FROM GENE EXPRESSION AND INSTEAD, MAY POTENTIALLY EXERT A POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECT THROUGH THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION OF LNCRNAS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20 4742  20 NOVEL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS IN MICROGLIA DERIVED FROM A MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC PAIN. AS THE RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, MICROGLIA PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE MAINTENANCE OF ITS HOMEOSTASIS. DYSREGULATION OF MICROGLIA HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN. HOWEVER, THE RELEVANT MOLECULAR PATHWAYS REMAIN POORLY DEFINED. IN THIS STUDY, WE USED A MASS SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMIC APPROACH TO SCREEN POTENTIAL CHANGES OF HISTONE PROTEIN MODIFICATIONS IN MICROGLIA ISOLATED FROM THE BRAIN OF CONTROL AND CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN ADULT C57BL/6J MALE MICE. WE IDENTIFIED SEVERAL NOVEL MICROGLIAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN, INCLUDING STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED HISTONE H3.1 LYSINE 27 MONO-METHYLATION (H3.1K27ME1, 54.8% OF CONTROL) AND H3 LYSINE 56 TRI-METHYLATION (7.5% OF CONTROL), AS WELL AS A TREND SUGGESTING INCREASED H3 TYROSINE 41 NITRATION. WE FURTHER INVESTIGATED THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF H3.1K27ME1 AND FOUND THAT TREATMENT OF CULTURED MICROGLIAL CELLS FOR 4 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WITH 1-10 MUM OF NCDM-64, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF LYSINE DEMETHYLASE 7A, AN ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEMETHYLATION OF H3K27ME1, DOSE-DEPENDENTLY ELEVATED ITS LEVELS WITH A GREATER THAN A TWO-FOLD INCREASE OBSERVED AT 10 MUM COMPARED TO VEHICLE-TREATED CONTROL CELLS. MOREOVER, PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH NCDM-64 (10 OR 25 MG/KG/DAY, I.P.) PRIOR TO CISPLATIN TREATMENT PREVENTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC CHROMATIN MARKS IN MICROGLIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN MAY YIELD CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO THE CONTRIBUTION OF MICROGLIA TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF PAIN, AND OPENS NEW AVENUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL NONOPIOID THERAPEUTICS FOR THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN.	2022