1 1147 152 CONDYLE MODELING STABILITY, CRANIOFACIAL ASYMMETRY AND ACTN3 GENOTYPES: CONTRIBUTION TO TMD PREVALENCE IN A COHORT OF DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITIES. CRANIOFACIAL ASYMMETRY, MANDIBULAR CONDYLAR MODELING AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS ARE COMMON COMORBIDITIES OF SKELETALLY DISPROPORTIONATE MALOCCLUSIONS, BUT ETIOLOGY OF OCCURRENCE TOGETHER IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE COMPARED ASYMMETRY, CONDYLE MODELING STABILITY AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR HEALTH IN A COHORT OF 128 PATIENTS HAVING ORTHODONTICS AND ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY TO CORRECT DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITY MALOCCLUSIONS. WE ALSO COMPARED ACTN3 AND ENPP1 GENOTYPES FOR ASSOCIATION TO CLINICAL CONDITIONS. PRE-SURGICAL POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR CEPHALOMETRIC AND PANOMETRIC RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSES; JAW PAIN AND FUNCTION QUESTIONNAIRE AND CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF TMD; AND SNP-GENOTYPE ANALYSIS FROM SALIVA SAMPLES WERE COMPARED TO ASSESS INTERRELATIONSHIPS. ALMOST HALF HAD ASYMMETRIES IN NEED OF SURGICAL CORRECTION, WHICH COULD BE SUBDIVIDED INTO FOUR DISTINCT MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS. ASYMMETRIC CONDYLE MODELING BETWEEN SIDES WAS SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER IN CRANIOFACIAL ASYMMETRY, BUT MOST COMMONLY HAD AN UNANTICIPATED PATTERN. OFTEN, LONGER OR LARGER CONDYLES OCCURRED ON THE SHORTER MANDIBULAR RAMUS SIDE. SUBJECTS WITH LONGER RAMUS BUT DIMENSIONALLY SMALLER CONDYLES WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE SELF-REPORTED TMD SYMPTOMS (P = 0.023) AND SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TMD (P = 0 .000001), WITH MASTICATORY MYALGIA MOST PROMINENT. GENOTYPING FOUND TWO SIGNIFICANT GENOTYPE ASSOCIATIONS FOR ACTN3 RS1671064 (Q523R MISSENSE) P = 0.02; RS678397 (INTRONIC SNP) P = 0.04 AND ONE SIGNIFICANT ALLELE ASSOCIATION RS1815739 (R577X NONSENSE) P = 0.00. SKELETAL ASYMMETRY, UNUSUAL CONDYLE MODELING AND TMD ARE COMMON AND INTERRELATED COMPONENTS OF MANY DENTOFACIAL DEFORMITIES. IMBALANCED MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS AND GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC INFLUENCES CONTRIBUTE TO THE ETIOLOGY, AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. 2020 2 3956 38 LONG NON-CODING RNA GENES POLYMORPHISMS H19 (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 (RS3200401) ASSOCIATION WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY IN A COHORT OF EGYPTIAN PATIENTS: A PILOT STUDY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE, INFLAMMATORY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT COULD BE DISABLING THROUGHOUT ITS COURSE. IT AFFECTS PEOPLE IN THEIR MOST REPRODUCTIVE YEARS WITH RELATIVELY HIGH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. LONG NON-CODING RNAS BECAME ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS TO PROVE A LINK TO RA PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING H19 AND MALAT1 GENES. THESE TWO GENES' EXPRESSIONS HAD PROVED TO INCREASE IN MULTIPLE DISEASES, ATTRACTING ATTENTION TO THEIR POLYMORPHISMS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RISK ROLE. ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RA AND ITS DISEASE ACTIVITY. IN THIS PILOT STUDY, 200 HUNDRED SUBJECTS (100 RA PATIENTS AND 100 HEALTHY CONTROLS) WERE INVESTIGATED FOR A POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN THE POLYMORPHISMS H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (3200401) AND RA SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DISEASE ACTIVITY. RA-RELATED INVESTIGATIONS AND CLINICAL ASSESSMENT WERE DONE. REAL-TIME PCR GENOTYPING OF BOTH SNPS WAS DONE USING TAQMAN(R) MGB PROBES. THERE WAS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SNPS AND RISK OF DEVELOPING RA. HOWEVER, BOTH SNPS HAD A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH HIGH DISEASE ACTIVITY. H19 SNP (RS2251375) HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPE CA HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH ELEVATED LEVELS OF ESR (P = 0.04) AND HIGHER DAS28-ESR SCORE (P = 0.03). MALAT1 (RS3200401) C ALLELE HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH ELEVATED ESR (P = 0.001), DAS28-ESR (P = 0.03), AND DAS28-CRP (P = 0.007), WHILE CC GENOTYPE HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH DAS28-CRP (P = 0.015). LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND HAPLOTYPING OF THE ALLELES OF BOTH SNPS WERE ANALYZED AS BOTH GENES ARE PRESENT ON CHROMOSOME 11, BUT NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN ANY OF THE COMBINATIONS OF THE ALLELES (P > 0.05), DENOTING THAT (RS2251375) AND (RS3200401) ARE NOT IN LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM. THERE IS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RA. HOWEVER, THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) GENOTYPE CA AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) GENOTYPE CC WITH RA HIGH DISEASE ACTIVITY. 2023 3 5001 32 PERINATAL RISK FACTORS IN TOURETTE'S AND CHRONIC TIC DISORDERS: A TOTAL POPULATION SIBLING COMPARISON STUDY. ADVERSE PERINATAL EVENTS MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF TOURETTE'S AND CHRONIC TIC DISORDERS (TD/CTD), BUT PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO CONTROL FOR UNMEASURED ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC CONFOUNDING. WE AIMED TO PROSPECTIVELY INVESTIGATE POTENTIAL PERINATAL RISK FACTORS FOR TD/CTD, TAKING UNMEASURED FACTORS SHARED BETWEEN FULL SIBLINGS INTO ACCOUNT. A POPULATION-BASED BIRTH COHORT, CONSISTING OF ALL SINGLETONS BORN IN SWEDEN IN 1973-2003, WAS FOLLOWED UNTIL DECEMBER 2013. A TOTAL OF 3 026 861 INDIVIDUALS WERE IDENTIFIED, 5597 OF WHICH HAD A REGISTERED TD/CTD DIAGNOSIS. WE THEN STUDIED DIFFERENTIALLY EXPOSED FULL SIBLINGS FROM 947 942 FAMILIES; OF THESE, 3563 FAMILIES INCLUDED SIBLINGS THAT WERE DISCORDANT FOR TD/CTD. PERINATAL DATA WERE COLLECTED FROM THE MEDICAL BIRTH REGISTER AND TD/CTD DIAGNOSES WERE COLLECTED FROM THE NATIONAL PATIENT REGISTER, USING A PREVIOUSLY VALIDATED ALGORITHM. IN THE FULLY ADJUSTED MODELS, IMPAIRED FETAL GROWTH, PRETERM BIRTH, BREECH PRESENTATION AND CESAREAN SECTION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER RISK OF TD/CTD, LARGELY INDEPENDENT FROM SHARED FAMILY CONFOUNDERS AND MEASURED COVARIATES. MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF TD/CTD IN A DOSE-RESPONSE MANNER BUT THE ASSOCIATION WAS NO LONGER STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT IN THE SIBLING COMPARISON MODELS OR AFTER THE EXCLUSION OF COMORBID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER. A DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ADVERSE PERINATAL EVENTS AND INCREASED RISK FOR TD/CTD WAS ALSO OBSERVED, WITH HAZARD RATIOS RANGING FROM 1.41 (95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL (CI): 1.33-1.50) FOR ONE EVENT TO 2.42 (95% CI: 1.65-3.53) FOR FIVE OR MORE EVENTS. THESE RESULTS PAVE THE WAY FOR FUTURE GENE BY ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN TD/CTD. 2018 4 4986 30 PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOM OUTCOMES AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER. BACKGROUND: THE SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER (MCRC) IS INFLUENCED BY THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT MIGHT INFLUENCE THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE OF SYMPTOM BURDEN. UNDERSTANDING THE ASSOCIATION OF MOLECULAR CHANGES WITH THE SYMPTOM BURDEN COULD HELP CLINICIANS GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF SYMPTOM BURDEN AND IMPROVE TREATMENT TOLERANCE. TO DATE, NO STUDIES HAVE COMPARED THE PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOM BURDEN WITH THESE MOLECULAR SUBSETS AMONG PATIENTS WITH MCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE RECRUITED PATIENTS WITH MCRC THAT WAS REFRACTORY TO >/= 1 LINE OF THERAPY WHO HAD BEEN ENROLLED IN THE ASSESSMENT OF TARGETED THERAPIES AGAINST COLORECTAL CANCER TRIAL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER. ALL PATIENTS COMPLETED A BASELINE GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM INVENTORY (MD ANDERSON SYMPTOM INVENTORY, GASTROINTESTINAL). THE SYMPTOM BURDEN ACROSS KEY DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND MOLECULAR CHANGES, INCLUDING CRC-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS, MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY (MSI) STATUS, AND THE CPG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE (CIMP) WERE COMPARED USING CHI(2) TESTS. ASSOCIATION OF THE SYMPTOM BURDEN WITH OVERALL SURVIVAL WAS EXAMINED USING COX REGRESSION MODELS. RESULTS: PATIENTS WITH AN MSI-HIGH (MSI-H) PHENOTYPE REPORTED GREATER PAIN (ODDS RATIO [OR], 3.06; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI], 1.61-5.84), FATIGUE (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.41-5.49), SLEEP (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32-4.08); AND DROWSINESS (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.32-4.78) COMPARED WITH MICROSATELLITE STABLE PATIENTS. PATIENTS WITH AN MSI-H PHENOTYPE ALSO HAD GREATER ODDS OF OVERALL SYMPTOM BURDEN (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.29-4.74) COMPARED WITH MICROSATELLITE STABLE PATIENTS. THE CIMP-HIGH PATIENTS EXPERIENCED GREATER ODDS OF PAIN COMPARED WITH THE CIMP-NEGATIVE PATIENTS (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.80). A GREATER OVERALL SYMPTOM BURDEN WAS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OVERALL SURVIVAL (HAZARD RATIO, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.98-2.06]), ALTHOUGH THE DIFFERENCE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANT (P = .06). CONCLUSION: CORRELATION OF MSI-H-ASSOCIATED TUMOR FEATURES WITH THE SYMPTOM BURDEN COULD HELP PROVIDE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR FINDINGS. 2020 5 4740 28 NOVEL GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: EGFR SLOPE HAS BEEN USED AS A SURROGATE OUTCOME FOR PROGRESSION OF CKD. HOWEVER, GENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR SLOPE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CKD WERE UNKNOWN. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR SLOPE. A TWO-PHASE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) IN TPPP AND FAT1-LINC02374 , AND 22 OF THEM WERE USED TO DERIVE POLYGENIC RISK SCORES THAT MARK THE DECLINE OF EGFR BY DISRUPTING BINDING OF NEARBY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. THIS WORK IS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF TPPP AND FAT1-LINC02374 ON CKD PROGRESSION, PROVIDING PREDICTIVE MARKERS FOR THE DECLINE OF EGFR IN PATIENTS WITH CKD. BACKGROUND: THE INCIDENCE OF CKD IS ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC FACTORS. HOWEVER, GENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROGRESSION OF CKD HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY AMONG 1738 PATIENTS WITH CKD, MAINLY FROM THE KOREAN COHORT STUDY FOR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CKD. THE OUTCOME WAS EGFR SLOPE. WE PERFORMED A REPLICATION STUDY FOR DISCOVERED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) WITH P <10 -6 IN 2498 PATIENTS WITH CKD FROM THE CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY COHORT STUDY. SEVERAL EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (EQTL) STUDIES, PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSES, EXPLORATION OF EPIGENETIC ARCHITECTURE, AND PREDICTING DISRUPTION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (TF) BINDING SITES EXPLORED POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE LOCI. WE DEVELOPED AND EVALUATED THE EFFECT OF POLYGENIC RISK SCORES (PRS) ON INCIDENT CKD OUTCOMES. RESULTS: SNPS IN TWO NOVEL LOCI, TPPP AND FAT1-LINC02374 , WERE REPLICATED (RS59402340 IN TPPP , PDISCOVERY =7.11X10 -7 , PCRIC =8.13X10 -4 , PMETA =7.23X10 -8 ; RS28629773 IN FAT1-LINC02374 , PDISCOVERY =6.08X10 -7 , PCRIC =4.33X10 -2 , PMETA =1.87X10 -7 ). THE EQTL STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE REPLICATED SNPS REGULATED THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF NEARBY GENES ASSOCIATED WITH KIDNEY FUNCTION. FURTHERMORE, THESE SNPS WERE NEAR GENE ENHANCER REGIONS AND PREDICTED TO DISRUPT THE BINDING OF TFS. PRS BASED ON THE INDEPENDENTLY SIGNIFICANT TOP 22 SNPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CKD OUTCOMES. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT SNP MARKERS IN THE TPPP AND FAT1-LINC02374 LOCI COULD BE PREDICTIVE MARKERS FOR THE DECLINE OF EGFR IN PATIENTS WITH CKD. 2023 6 5356 21 REAC-INDUCED ENDOGENOUS BIOELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF VENOUS ULCERS: A THREE-ARM RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PROSPECTIVE STUDY. INTRODUCTION: ENDOGENOUS BIOELECTRIC FIELDS (EBFS) PLAY A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN PROMOTING REPAIR AND REGENERATION PROCESSES, INCLUDING IN LEG VENOUS ULCERS (LVUS). UNFORTUNATELY, THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE PRODUCTION OF EBFS IS EASILY ALTERED BY INFECTIOUS, TRAUMATIC, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. THIS ALTERATION IS ONE OF THE DETERMINING FACTORS FOR THE CHRONICITY OF LVUS. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES HOW RADIOELECTRIC ASYMMETRIC CONVEYER (REAC) TECHNOLOGY TREATMENTS, SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO OPTIMIZE EBFS, AND IN PARTICULAR TISSUE OPTIMIZATION-REPARATIVE (TO-RPR) TREATMENT, CAN IMPROVE THE RESULTS OF STANDARD DRESSING WITH AND WITHOUT ELASTIC COMPRESSION IN LVU PATIENTS. METHODS: A TOTAL OF 30 PATIENTS WERE ENROLLED (12 MALES AND 18 FEMALES) AND RANDOMIZED INTO THREE GROUPS. ALL PATIENTS COMPLETED THE STUDY. GROUP A WAS TREATED WITH STANDARD DRESSING, ELASTIC COMPRESSION, AND REAC TO-RPR TREATMENT; GROUP B WAS TREATED WITH STANDARD DRESSING AND REAC TO-RPR TREATMENT; AND GROUP C WAS TREATED WITH STANDARD DRESSING AND ELASTIC COMPRESSION. RESULTS: THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE COMBINATION OF REAC TREATMENT AND STANDARD DRESSING ASSOCIATED WITH ELASTIC COMPRESSION HAS THE GREATEST THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN PROMOTING THE HEALING PROCESS FOR ULCERS, REDUCING PERCEIVED PAIN, AND IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PATIENTS TREATED. CONCLUSIONS: FURTHER STUDIES WILL BE USEFUL TO INVESTIGATE THESE PROSPECTIVE RESULTS. 2020 7 6632 30 UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 IN COPD THROUGH EPIGENETICS AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A MAJOR HEALTH BURDEN IN ADULTS AND CIGARETTE SMOKING IS CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR OF COPD. CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 LOCUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH COPD AND SMOKING. OUR STUDY AIMS AT UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION OF CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 WITH COPD THROUGH EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL VARIATION IN A POPULATION-BASED SETTING. TO ASSESS IF COPD-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS IN 15Q25.1 ARE METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS, PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH COPD (P < 5 X 10(-8)) IN THE 15Q25.1 LOCUS (RS12914385:C>T-CHRNA3, RS8034191:T>C-HYKK, RS13180:C>T-IREB2 AND RS8042238:C>T-IREB2), WAS PERFORMED IN THE ROTTERDAM STUDY (N = 1489). ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED (P < 1.4 X 10(-6)) WITH BLOOD DNA METHYLATION OF IREB2, CHRNA3 AND PSMA4, OF WHICH TWO, INCLUDING IREB2 AND PSMA4, WERE ALSO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN COPD CASES AND CONTROLS (P < 0.04). FURTHER ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING WERE EVALUATED AND NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT WAS OBSERVED. TO EVALUATE IF THESE FOUR GENETIC VARIANTS ARE EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN 1087 LUNG SAMPLES. ALL FOUR VARIANTS WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE IREB2 3'UTR IN LUNG TISSUES (P < 5.4 X 10(-95)). WE CONCLUDE THAT REGULATORY MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF IREB2 GENE, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, MAY EXPLAIN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC VARIANTS IN CHROMOSOME 15Q25.1 AND COPD, LARGELY INDEPENDENT OF SMOKING. 2018 8 3907 24 LEUCOCYTIC DNA METHYLATION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 PROMOTER REDUCTION IN PRE-HYPERTENSIVE YOUNG ADULTS. BACKGROUND: PRE-HYPERTENSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION, WITH EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION INVOLVEMENT. NEVERTHELESS, THE ROLE OF DNA METHYLATION IN PREHYPERTENSIVE STATE IS UNKNOWN. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) PROMOTER IN PRE-HYPERTENSIVE (PREHT) AND NORMOTENSIVE (NT) YOUNG ADULTS. METHODS: A TOTAL OF 80 NT AND 80 PREHT HEALTHY SUBJECTS AGED BETWEEN 18-45 YEARS WERE RECRUITED IN KUANTAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA USING AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY APPROACH. DNA METHYLATION LEVEL OF IL-6 PROMOTER IN PERIPHERAL LEUKOCYTES WERE MEASURED USING BISULPHITE CONVERSION AND METHYLIGHT ASSAY. RESULTS: THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN AGE BETWEEN NT AND PREHT (P = 0.655). THE MEAN BLOOD PRESSURE WAS 110(8)/73(5) MMHG IN NT AND 125(7)/82(5) MMHG IN PREHT SUBJECTS. THE IL-6 PROMOTER METHYLATION LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN PREHT COMPARED TO NT SUBJECTS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: THE CURRENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT HYPOMETHYLATION OF IL-6 PROMOTER WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PRE-HYPERTENSION IN YOUNG ADULTS. THUS, IL-6 METHYLATION COULD BE USED AS AN EARLY INDICATOR FOR PREDICTING HYPERTENSION AND RELATED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PREHYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS. GENE EXPRESSION AND LONGITUDINAL STUDIES ARE WARRANTED TO EXAMINE THE METHYLATION EFFECT ON IL-6 EXPRESSION OVER TIME. 2019 9 1423 36 DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTIONING. BACKGROUND: RESEARCH HAS REPEATEDLY SUGGESTED GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE ETIOLOGY UNDERLYING FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (FSD). BECAUSE SEXUAL FUNCTIONING IS A HIGHLY VARIABLE TRAIT, EPIGENETICS COULD PROVIDE A PROMISING APPROACH TO TACKLE THE ORIGINS OF FSD AND CONSEQUENTLY OFFER A STEP-CHANGE IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THESE PROBLEMS. AIM: TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG POSITIONS FOR SEXUAL FUNCTIONING IN A SAMPLE OF MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS DISCORDANT FOR SEXUAL FUNCTIONING. METHODS: THE SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 33 TRAIT-DISCORDANT MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS (MEAN AGE = 54.1 YEARS, SD = 9.05) FROM THE TWINS UK REGISTRY. PHENOTYPIC DATA ON SEXUAL DESIRE, AROUSAL, LUBRICATION, ORGASM, SATISFACTION, AND PAIN WERE COLLECTED USING THE FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTION INDEX-LIFELONG (FSFI-LL). THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION 450 DNA BEADCHIP WAS USED FOR EPIGENOME-WIDE ANALYSES OF DNA METHYLATION IN WHOLE-BLOOD SAMPLES. OUTCOMES: COMPARISON OF DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FSFI-LL TOTAL SCORE AND ITS SIX SUBDOMAINS. RESULTS: TWO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG POSITIONS (CG09580409 AND CG14734994) REACHING EXPERIMENT-WIDE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE WERE FOUND FOR OVERALL SEXUAL FUNCTIONING, MAPPING TO MGC45800 AND THE THREONINE SYNTHASE-LIKE 2 GENE (THNSL2), RESPECTIVELY. FURTHERMORE, POTENTIAL BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT CANDIDATES FOR SEXUAL DESIRE (CUB AND ZONA PELLUCIDA-LIKE DOMAINS 1, CUZD1) AND SATISFACTION (SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 6 MEMBER 19, SLC6A19) WERE IDENTIFIED. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: THNSL2 AND SLC6A19, WHICH HAVE BEEN LINKED TO WEIGHT AND ADIPOSITY, MIGHT REPRESENT NOVEL CANDIDATES FOR SEXUAL PROBLEMS IN WOMEN. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO INVESTIGATE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING FSD. THE STUDY USED A RELATIVE SMALL SAMPLE OF MONOZYGOTIC FEMALE TWINS. THE CUTOFF TO DETERMINE DISCORDANCE IN SEXUAL PROBLEMS WAS CHOSEN BASED ON A 10% FSFI SCORE DIFFERENCE. THEREFORE, THE RESULTS HAVE TO BE INTERPRETED WITH CAUTION AND NEED REPLICATION IN LARGER CLINICAL SAMPLES. CONCLUSION: UNDERSTANDING HOW GENES AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACT TO INFLUENCE OUR SEXUALITY MIGHT INFORM CLINICAL PRACTICE AND LEAD TO NEW TREATMENTS FOR WOMEN EXPERIENCING FSD. BURRI A, LEUPIN M, SPECTOR T, MARINOVA Z. DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTIONING. J SEX MED 2017;14:1357-1364. 2017 10 6636 36 UNRAVELING A NEW PLAYER IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATHOGENESIS: THE RNA-BINDING PROTEIN HUR. BACKGROUND: ELAV-LIKE PROTEINS ARE A SMALL FAMILY OF RNA-BINDING PROTEINS THAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PLAYERS IN POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS AND ARE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF NEUROLOGIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. HUR, THE UBIQUITOUSLY EXPRESSED MEMBER OF THE FAMILY, IS ALSO IMPLICATED IN SUSTAINING INFLAMMATION AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, SUPPORTING THE PRODUCTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. INFLAMMATION PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS), WHICH REPRESENTS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS. MS IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, WITH A COMPLEX AETIOLOGY INVOLVING GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. NO DATA ARE AVAILABLE ON THE POTENTIAL ENTANGLEMENT OF HUR IN MS PATHOGENESIS IN PATIENTS. IN THE PRESENT WORK, WE AIMED AT EXPLORING HUR PROTEIN LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM MS PATIENTS, COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS. TO FURTHER ELUCIDATE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF HUR IN MS, WE ALSO INVESTIGATED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS SPECIFIC RNA-BINDING PROTEIN AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN, ALSO CONSIDERING THE HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM, GIVEN THAT HSP70-2 MRNA HAS BEEN REPORTED AS A HUR TARGET AND THIS SPECIFIC POLYMORPHISM TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH MS RISK. METHODS: ALLELES AND GENOTYPES FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 POLYMORPHISM WERE ASSESSED, BY USING A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM, FOLLOWED BY DIGESTION WITH RESTRICTION ENZYME, IN MS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. PBMCS FROM A SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WERE USED TO EVALUATE HUR AND HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT BY WESTERN BLOT. RESULTS: PBMCS FROM 52 MS PATIENTS HAD A LOWER HUR AND HIGHER HSP70-2 PROTEIN CONTENT COMPARED TO 43 HEALTHY CONTROLS. AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HUR SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE RISK OF DEVELOPING MS BY 9.8% (OR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), CONTROLLING FOR HSP70-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION, HSP70-2 RS1061581 GENOTYPE, AGE AND SEX. MOREOVER, HOLDING HUR LEVELS, AN INCREASE OF 100 UNITS OF HSP70-2 PROTEIN SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE MS RISK BY 18.1% (OR: 1.181, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) AND THE GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DEVELOPING MS FOR HSP70-2 RS1061581 GG CARRIERS IS CONFIRMED. OF INTEREST, MS PATIENTS WITH A MODERATE TO SEVERE FORM OF MS (MSSS >/= 3) SHOWED A TREND TOWARDS A REDUCTION OF HUR PROTEIN LEVELS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH MILD DISEASE SEVERITY (MSSS < 3). CONCLUSIONS: HUR PROTEIN LEVELS ARE REDUCED IN MS PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND THE PROTEIN AMOUNT MAY CONTINUE TO DECLINE WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION, SUGGESTING A PUTATIVE ROLE OF THIS RNA-BINDING PROTEIN. MOREOVER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT MS PATHOLOGY MAY HAVE DISRUPTED THE LINK BETWEEN HUR AND ITS TARGET TRANSCRIPT HSP70-2. IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO FURTHER EXPLORE THE EXACT ROLE OF HUR IN MS, CONSIDERING THE COMPLEX INTERPLAY WITH OTHER RNA-BINDING FACTORS AND TARGET MRNAS. 2020 11 6465 30 TISSUE REMODELING IN ADULT VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS. OUR AIM IS TO DESCRIBE LOCAL TISSUE REMODELING IN A COHORT OF ADULT VKC PATIENTS. MALE PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ACTIVE VKC WERE ENROLLED IN AN OPEN PILOT STUDY INTO TWO GROUPS ACCORDING DISEASE ONSET: CHILDHOOD CLASSIC VKC AND ADULT VKC. VISUAL ACUITY AND OCULAR SURFACE CLINICAL EXAMINATION FOCUSING ON CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY SEQUELAE AND IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY WERE PERFORMED IN ALL ENROLLED SUBJECTS. CONJUNCTIVAL IMPRINTS WERE PROCESSED FOR MOLECULAR, BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANALYSIS FOR TISSUE REMODELING (TGFBETA1,2,3 AND ALPHASMA) AND EPIGENETIC (DNMT3A, KEAP1; NRF2) MARKERS AS WELL AS ANDROGEN RECEPTORS WERE INVESTIGATED AND COMPARED BETWEEN GROUPS. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SHOWED INCREASED CONJUNCTIVAL SCARRING IN ADULT VKC COMPARED TO CLASSIC VKC. IMMUNOREACTIVITY FOR ALPHASMA AND EXPRESSION OF TGFBETA WERE HIGHER IN ADULT VKC GROUP. SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF TGFBETA3 (3.44 +/- 1.66; P < 0.05) WERE DETECTED IN ADULT VKC COMPARED TO CHILDHOOD VKC, ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASING TREND OF TGFBETA1 (1.58 +/- 0.25) AND TGFBETA2 (1.65 +/- 0.20) ISOFORMS LEVELS. MOLECULAR ANALYSIS SHOWED A RELATIVE INCREASE IN TISSUE REMODELING/FIBROGENIC TRANSCRIPTS (TGFBETA ISOFORMS AND ALPHASMA) ASSOCIATED TO A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF SELECTIVE EPIGENETIC TARGETS (DNMT3, NRF2 AND KEAP1) IN ADULT VKC PHENOTYPE. INCREASED LOCAL CONJUNCTIVAL ANDROGEN RECEPTORS WAS DETECTED IN PATIENTS WITH ADULT VARIANTS COMPARED TO CLASSIC CHILDHOOD VKC AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. FINALLY, A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN TGFBETA AND ANDROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION WAS ALSO DETECTED. A PRO-FIBROTIC CLINICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR TRAIT WAS UNVEILED IN ADULT VARIANT OF VKC, WHICH CAUSES OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT. 2022 12 2978 33 GENETIC ASSOCIATION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSES OF THE PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE 5-KINASE (PIP5K1C) GENE IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER-RELEVANCE FOR PAIN SIGNALING AND ALCOHOL USE. BACKGROUND: THE GENE ENCODING PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE 5-KINASE (PIP5K1C) HAS BEEN RECENTLY IMPLICATED IN PAIN REGULATION. INTERESTINGLY, A RECENT CROSS-TISSUE AND CROSS-PHENOTYPIC EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED THE SAME GENE IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER (AUD). GIVEN THE HIGH COMORBIDITY BETWEEN AUD AND CHRONIC PAIN, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT GENETIC VARIATION IN PIP5K1C MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AUD. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED A CASE-CONTROL ASSOCIATION STUDY OF GENETIC VARIANTS IN PIP5K1C. ASSOCIATION ANALYSES OF 16 COMMON PIP5K1C SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) WERE CONDUCTED IN CASES AND CONTROLS OF AFRICAN (427 CASES AND 137 CONTROLS) AND EUROPEAN ANCESTRY (488 CASES AND 324 CONTROLS) USING STANDARD METHODS. IN ADDITION, GIVEN THE PROMINENT ROLE OF THE OPIOID SYSTEM IN PAIN SIGNALING, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE ON PIP5K1C EXPRESSION IN HUMANIZED TRANSGENIC MICE FOR THE MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR THAT INCLUDED THE OPRM1 A118G POLYMORPHISM, A WIDELY USED MOUSE MODEL TO STUDY ANALGESIC RESPONSE TO OPIOIDS IN PAIN. PIP5K1C EXPRESSION WAS MEASURED IN THE THALAMUS AND BASOLATERAL AMYGDALA (BLA) IN MICE AFTER SHORT-TERM ADMINISTRATION (SINGLE 2 G/KG DOSE) OF ALCOHOL OR SALINE USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND ANALYZED BY 2-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE. RESULTS: IN THE CASE-CONTROL ASSOCIATION STUDY USING AN NIAAA DISCOVERY SAMPLE, 8 SNPS IN PIP5K1C WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH AUD IN THE AFRICAN ANCESTRY (AA) GROUP (P < 0.05 AFTER CORRECTION; RS4807493, RS10405681, RS2074957, RS10432303, RS8109485, RS1476592, RS10419980, AND RS4432372). HOWEVER, A REPLICATION ANALYSIS USING AN INDEPENDENT SAMPLE (N = 3,801) FOUND NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING. IN THE HUMANIZED TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL WITH THE OPRM1 POLYMORPHISM, PIP5K1C EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND SALINE-TREATED MICE, REGARDLESS OF GENOTYPE, IN BOTH THE THALAMUS (P < 0.05) AND BLA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: OUR DISCOVERY SAMPLE SHOWS THAT GENETIC VARIANTS IN PIP5K1C ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AUD IN THE AA GROUP, AND ACUTE ALCOHOL EXPOSURE LEADS TO UP-REGULATION OF PIP5K1C, POTENTIALLY EXPLAINING A MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE INCREASED RISK FOR CHRONIC PAIN CONDITIONS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUD. 2018 13 1187 27 COPD GWAS VARIANT AT 19Q13.2 IN RELATION WITH DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS AMONG THE MAJOR HEALTH BURDENS IN ADULTS. WHILE CIGARETTE SMOKING IS THE LEADING RISK FACTOR, A GROWING NUMBER OF GENETIC VARIATIONS HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED TO INFLUENCE DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY MEDIATE THE RESPONSE OF THE GENOME TO SMOKING AND REGULATE GENE EXPRESSION. CHROMOSOME 19Q13.2 REGION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH SMOKING AND COPD, YET ITS FUNCTIONAL ROLE IS UNCLEAR. OUR STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER RS7937 (RAB4B, EGLN2), A TOP GENETIC VARIANT IN 19Q13.2 REGION IDENTIFIED IN GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF COPD, IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD (N = 1490) AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BLOOD (N = 721) AND LUNGS (N = 1087). WE COMBINED GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC DATA FROM THE ROTTERDAM STUDY (RS) TO PERFORM THE EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF RS7937. FURTHER, WE USED GENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DATA FROM BLOOD (RS) AND FROM LUNG TISSUE (LUNG EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING STUDY), TO PERFORM THE TRANSCRIPTOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF RS7937. RS7937 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY (FDR < 0.05) AND CONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD AT 4 CPG SITES IN CIS, INDEPENDENT OF SMOKING. ONE METHYLATION SITE (CG11298343-EGLN2) WAS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH COPD (P = 0.001). ADDITIONALLY, RS7937 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BLOOD IN CIS (EGLN2), 42% MEDIATED THROUGH CG11298343, AND IN LUNG TISSUE, IN CIS AND TRANS (NUMBL, EGLN2, DNMT3A, LOC101929709 AND PAK2). OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHANGES OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION MAY BE INTERMEDIATE STEPS BETWEEN GENETIC VARIANTS AND COPD, BUT FURTHER CAUSAL STUDIES IN LUNG TISSUE SHOULD CONFIRM THIS HYPOTHESIS. 2018 14 6835 20 [INFLUENCE OF AGE OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY ON LOW-MOLECULAR DNA CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD PLASMA.]. THE AIM OF THE WORK WAS TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PLASMA DNA (LMDNA) IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CHRONIC NON-OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS (CNONB) OF TWO AGE GROUPS - 34-59 AND 60-80 YEARS. THE LEVELS OF LMDNA IN HEALTHY DONORS, PATIENTS WITH CNONB, HEALTHY RELATIVES OF PATIENTS WITH COPD DID NOT DIFFER, WHILE THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER. IN COPD PATIENTS AGED 34-59 YEARS, THE LEVEL OF LMDNA WAS REDUCED BY MORE THAN 7 TIMES, AND IN COPD PATIENTS WHO SURVIVED TO 60-80 YEARS, IT WAS 3 TIMES LOWER COMPARED TO THE VALUE OF THIS BIOCHEMICAL INDICATOR IN HEALTHY DONORS OF THE SAME AGE. THE REDUCTION OF LMDNA REFLECTED A REDUCED SYSTEMIC APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE BODY OF PATIENTS WITH COPD. A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CNONB IN REMISSION CAN BE USED FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. AN INCREASE IN THE LOW LEVEL OF LMDNA IN COPD PATIENTS DURING AGING MAY INDICATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LIFE EXTENSION. 2022 15 3687 34 INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING IN HIV. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS CHARACTERISTIC OF BOTH HIV AND AGING ("INFLAMMAGING") AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE ACCELERATED AGING OBSERVED IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH). WE EXAMINED WHETHER THREE INFLAMMATION-RELATED SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS (SNPS) WERE RISK FACTORS FOR ACCELERATED AGING AND HIV-ASSOCIATED, NON-AIDS (HANA) CONDITIONS AMONG PLWH. WE EXAMINED 155 POSTMORTEM CASES WITH HIV (MEAN AGE = 47.3, 81% MALE, 68% SELF-REPORTED WHITE) FROM THE NATIONAL NEUROAIDS TISSUE CONSORTIUM WHO HAD PRE-MORTEM NEUROBEHAVIORAL/MEDICAL/VIROLOGIC DATA AND EPIGENOMIC DATA FROM OCCIPITAL CORTEX TISSUE. ACCELERATED AGING WAS MEASURED ACCORDING TO THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK; AN AGING BIOMARKER BASED ON DNA METHYLATION LEVELS. PAST OR CURRENT AGE-ASSOCIATED HANA CONDITIONS INCLUDING CEREBROVASCULAR, LIVER AND KIDNEY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, CANCER, AND DIABETES WERE DETERMINED VIA SELF-REPORT. EPIGENETIC AGING Z-SCORES AND LIKELIHOOD OF PAST/CURRENT HANA CONDITIONS WERE COMPARED BETWEEN MAJOR ALLELE HOMOZYGOTES AND MINOR ALLELE CARRIERS FOR EACH SNP (IL-6 - 174G>C, IL-10 - 592C>A, TNF-ALPHA - 308 G>A) SEPARATELY. ANALYSES WERE ADJUSTED FOR RELEVANT DEMOGRAPHIC/CLINICAL FACTORS. EPIGENETIC AGING (E.G., HIGHER Z-SCORES) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER IN IL-6 C ALLELE CARRIERS (P = .002) AND IL-10 CC HOMOZYGOTES (P = .02) COMPARED TO OTHER GENOTYPE GROUPS. THE LIKELIHOOD OF ANY PAST/CURRENT HANA CONDITION DID NOT DIFFER BY IL-10 GENOTYPE BUT WAS 3.36 TIMES GREATER IN IL-6 C ALLELE CARRIERS VERSUS OTHERS (OR = 3.36, 95%CI = 1.09-10.34, P = .03). TNF-ALPHA GENOTYPE WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING OR HANA CONDITIONS. IL-6 AND IL-10 SNPS MAY HELP TO IDENTIFY PLWH WHO ARE AT HIGH RISK FOR ACCELERATED AGING. THESE INSIGHTS INTO PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS MAY INFORM INTERVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO TREAT RAPID AGING AMONG PLWH. 2019 16 6036 28 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRACHROMOSOMAL CIRCULAR DNA IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. BACKGROUND: END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) IS THE FINAL STAGE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). IN ADDITION TO THE STRUCTURALLY INTACT CHROMOSOME GENOMIC DNA, THERE IS A DOUBLE-STRANDED CIRCULAR DNA CALLED EXTRACHROMOSOMAL CIRCULAR DNA (ECCDNA), WHICH IS THOUGHT TO BE INVOLVED IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF HUMAN DISEASE. HOWEVER, THE FEATURES OF ECCDNA IN ESRD PATIENTS ARE BARELY KNOWN. IN THIS STUDY, WE IDENTIFIED ECCDNA FROM ESRD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY PEOPLE, AS WELL AS REVEALED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ECCDNA IN PATIENTS WITH ESRD. METHODS: USING THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT CIRCLE-SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE, WE EXAMINED THE ECCDNA IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) FROM HEALTHY PEOPLE (NC) (N = 12) AND ESRD PATIENTS (N = 16). WE ANALYZED THE LENGTH DISTRIBUTION, GENOME ELEMENTS, AND MOTIFS FEATURE OF ECCDNA IN ESRD PATIENTS. THEN, AFTER IDENTIFYING THE SPECIFIC ECCDNA IN ESRD PATIENTS, WE EXPLORED THE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE TARGET GENES OF THE SPECIFIC ECCDNA. FINALLY, WE INVESTIGATED THE PROBABLE HUB ECCDNA USING ALGORITHMS. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 14,431 AND 11,324 ECCDNAS WERE FOUND IN THE ESRD AND NC GROUPS, RESPECTIVELY, WITH SIZES RANGING FROM 0.01 KB TO 60 KB AT MOST. ADDITIONALLY, THE ESRD GROUP HAD A GREATER DISTRIBUTION OF ECCDNA ON CHROMOSOMES 4, 11, 13, AND 20. IN TWO GROUPS, WE ALSO DISCOVERED SEVERAL MOTIFS OF SPECIFIC ECCDNAS. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED 13,715 SPECIFIC ECCDNAS IN THE ESRD GROUP AND 10,585 SPECIFIC ECCDNAS IN THE NC GROUP, BOTH OF WHICH WERE LARGELY ANNOTATED AS MRNA CATALOG. PATHWAY STUDIES USING GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND THE KYOTO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENES AND GENOMES (KEGG) SHOWED THAT THE SPECIFIC ECCDNA IN ESRD WAS MARKEDLY ENRICHED IN CELL JUNCTION AND COMMUNICATION PATHWAYS. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED POTENTIALLY 20 HUB ECCDNA-TARGETING GENES FROM ALL ESRD-SPECIFIC ECCDNA-TARGETING GENES. ALSO, WE FOUND THAT 39 ECCDNA-TARGETING GENES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ESRD, AND SOME OF THESE ECCDNAS MAY BE RELATED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF ESRD. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS REVEALED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ECCDNA IN ESRD PATIENTS AND DISCOVERED POTENTIALLY HUB AND ESRD-RELEVANT ECCDNA-TARGETING GENES, SUGGESTING A NOVEL PROBABLE MECHANISM OF ESRD. 2023 17 2626 31 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIES DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR ASTHMA REMISSION IN WHOLE BLOOD AND NASAL EPITHELIUM. BACKGROUND: ASTHMA IS A CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE WHICH IS NOT CURABLE, YET SOME PATIENTS EXPERIENCE SPONTANEOUS REMISSION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE INVOLVED IN ASTHMA REMISSION. METHODS: CLINICAL REMISSION (CLINR) WAS DEFINED AS THE ABSENCE OF ASTHMA SYMPTOMS AND MEDICATION FOR AT LEAST 12 MONTHS, AND COMPLETE REMISSION (COMR) WAS DEFINED AS CLINR WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND ABSENCE OF AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS. WE ANALYZED DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF CLINR AND COMR COMPARING TO PERSISTENT ASTHMA (PERSA) IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES (N = 72) AND NASAL BRUSHING SAMPLES (N = 97) IN A LONGITUDINAL COHORT OF WELL CHARACTERIZED ASTHMA PATIENTS. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WERE TESTED FOR REPLICATION IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS, LIFELINES AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT OF ASTHMA (EGEA). RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH CLINR (7 CPG SITES) AND COMR (129 CPG SITES) IN WHOLE BLOOD. ONE CPG (CG13378519, CHR1) ASSOCIATED WITH CLINR WAS REPLICATED AND ANNOTATED TO PEX11 (PEROXISOMAL BIOGENESIS FACTOR 11 BETA). THE WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THIS CPG WERE ALSO DIFFERENT BETWEEN CLINR AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. ONE COMR-ASSOCIATED CPG (CG24788483, CHR10) THAT ANNOTATED TO TCF7L2 (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 7 LIKE 2) WAS REPLICATED AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION OF TCF7L2 GENE. ONE OUT OF SEVEN CLINR-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES AND 8 OUT OF 129 COMR-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES IDENTIFIED FROM WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES SHOWED NOMINAL SIGNIFICANCE (P < 0.05) AND THE SAME DIRECTION OF EFFECT IN NASAL BRUSHES. CONCLUSION: WE IDENTIFIED DNA METHYLATION MARKERS POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL AND COMPLETE ASTHMA REMISSION IN NASAL BRUSHES AND WHOLE BLOOD, AND TWO CPG SITES IDENTIFIED FROM WHOLE BLOOD CAN BE REPLICATED IN INDEPENDENT COHORTS AND MAY PLAY A ROLE IN PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AND WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY. 2020 18 645 27 BIRTH DEFECTS IN GAZA: PREVALENCE, TYPES, FAMILIARITY AND CORRELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF REGISTRATION AT BIRTH, AND OF INCIDENCE OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL BIRTH DEFECTS (BD) OBTAINED IN GAZA AT AL SHIFA HOSPITAL, WHERE 28% OF TOTAL BIRTHS IN GAZA STRIP OCCUR. DOCTORS REGISTERED 4,027 DELIVERIES, WITH A PROTOCOL COMPREHENSIVE OF CLINICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, KIN AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS. PREVALENCE OF BD IS 14/1,000, WITHOUT ASSOCIATION WITH INTERMARRIAGE OR GENDER OF THE CHILD. PREVALENCE OF LATE MISCARRIAGES AND STILL BIRTHS ARE RESPECTIVELY 23.3/1,000 AND 7.4/1,000, AND OF PREMATURE BIRTHS 19.6/1,000. COUPLES WITH A BD CHILD HAVE ABOUT 10 TIMES HIGHER FREQUENCY OF RECURRENCE OF A BD IN THEIR PROGENY THAN THOSE WITH NORMAL CHILDREN, BUT NONE OF THEIR 694 SIBLINGS AND ONLY 10/1,000 OF THEIR 1,423 PROGENY HAD BD, SIMILAR TO THE FREQUENCY IN GENERAL POPULATION. THESE DATA SUGGEST OCCURRENCE OF NOVEL GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN DETERMINATION OF BD. CHILDREN WITH BD WERE BORN WITH HIGHER FREQUENCY (P < 0 001) IN FAMILIES WHERE ONE OR BOTH PARENTS WERE UNDER "WHITE PHOSPHORUS" ATTACK, THAT IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. BOMBING OF THE FAMILY HOME AND REMOVAL OF THE RUBBLE WERE ALSO FREQUENTLY REPORTED BY COUPLES WITH BD OCCURRENCE. THESE DATA SUGGESTS A CAUSATIVE/FAVORING ROLE OF ACUTE EXPOSURE OF PARENTS TO THE WEAPONS-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANTS, AND/OR OF THEIR CHRONIC EXPOSURE FROM THEIR PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CHILDREN. 2012 19 4537 27 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY AND THE X CHROMOSOME. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE COMPLEX TRAIT WITH STRONG EVIDENCE FOR A GENETIC COMPONENT. A FEMALE GENDER BIAS IS CLEAR BUT UNEXPLAINED AND A MATERNAL PARENT-OF-ORIGIN EFFECT HAS BEEN DESCRIBED. X-LINKED TRANSMISSION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY PROPOSED, BASED ON PEDIGREE, ASSOCIATION AND LINKAGE STUDIES. WE GENOTYPED 726 RELATIVE PAIRS INCLUDING 552 AFFECTED SIB-PAIRS FOR 22 X-CHROMOSOME MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND A NOVEL DATASET OF 195 AUNT-UNCLE/NIECE-NEPHEW (AUNN) AFFECTED PAIRS FOR 18 MARKERS. PARENT-OF-ORIGIN EFFECTS WERE EXPLORED BY DIVIDING AUNN FAMILIES INTO LIKELY MATERNAL AND PATERNAL TRAIT TRANSMISSION. FOR THE SIB-PAIR DATASET WE WERE ABLE TO ESTABLISH EXCLUSION AT A LAMBDA S = 1.9 FOR ALL MARKERS USING AN EXCLUSION THRESHOLD OF LOD < OR = -2. SIMILARLY FOR THE AUNN DATASET, WE ESTABLISHED EXCLUSION AT LAMBDAAV = 1.9. FOR THE COMBINED DATASET WE ESTIMATE EXCLUSION OF LAMBDA = 1.6. WE DID NOT IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT LINKAGE IN EITHER THE SIB-PAIRS OR THE AUNN DATASET NOR WHEN DATASETS WERE STRATIFIED FOR THE PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF THE HLA-DRB1*15 ALLELE OR FOR PATERNAL OR MATERNAL TRANSMISSION. THIS COMPREHENSIVE SCRUTINY OF THE X-CHROMOSOME SUGGESTS THAT IT IS UNLIKELY TO HARBOUR AN INDEPENDENT SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS OR ONE WHICH INTERACTS WITH THE HLA. COMPLEX INTERACTIONS INCLUDING EPIGENETIC ONES, AND MASKING BY BALANCED POLYMORPHISMS ARE MECHANISMS NOT EXCLUDED BY THE APPROACH TAKEN. 2007 20 1448 25 DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITION AND NARROW-BAND ULTRAVIOLET-B LIGHT IN PSORIASIS (DINUP): STUDY PROTOCOL FOR A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL. BACKGROUND: MODERATE TO SEVERE PSORIASIS IS A SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE, OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2DM). SITAGLIPTIN IS A DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP-4) INHIBITOR THAT IMPROVES GLYCAEMIA AND HAS A MARKETING AUTHORISATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF T2DM. NON-IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPIES THAT ARE EFFECTIVE FOR PSORIASIS AND ITS ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES WOULD BE A SIGNIFICANT ADVANCE IN THE TREATMENT OF THIS CHRONIC DISEASE. METHODS/DESIGN: THIS IS A SINGLE CENTRE, 39-WEEK, PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMISED, OPEN LABEL, CLINICAL TRIAL OF ORAL SITAGLIPTIN (JANUVIA((R))) IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS WHO ARE DUE TO UNDERGO A COURSE OF NARROW-BAND ULTRAVIOLET-B (NB-UVB) PHOTOTHERAPY. WE PLAN TO ENROL 120 PARTICIPANTS AND ALLOCATE PARTICIPANTS ON A RANDOM AND 1:1 BASIS TO RECEIVE SITAGLIPTIN 100 MG DAILY FOR 24 WEEKS COMBINED WITH NB-UVB OR NB-UVB MONOTHERAPY. PARTICIPANTS WILL BE FOLLOWED UP FOR 12 WEEKS AFTER SITAGLIPTIN THERAPY IS DISCONTINUED. THE PRIMARY ENDPOINT IS THE CHANGE IN PSORIASIS AREA AND SEVERITY INDEX (PASI) 24 WEEKS AFTER TREATMENT INITIATION. SECONDARY ENDPOINTS INCLUDE CUMULATIVE NB-UVB DOSE, NUMBER OF NB-UVB TREATMENTS REQUIRED TO CLEAR PSORIASIS, PROPORTIONS OF PARTICIPANTS WHO ACHIEVE PASI-50 (50 % REDUCTION IN PASI FROM BASELINE), PASI-75, PASI-90 AND THE PROPORTION OF PARTICIPANTS WHO RELAPSE IN EACH GROUP. WE WILL ALSO ANALYSE CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS, SERUM CYTOKINE AND HORMONE LEVELS AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR EXPRESSION OF IMMUNE PROTEINS AT 24 AND 36 WEEKS. A SUBGROUP OF PARTICIPANTS WILL HAVE SKIN BIOPSIES TAKEN AND ANALYSED FOR SKIN LEVELS AND EXPRESSION OF IMMUNE CELLS, RECEPTORS, HORMONES AND IMMUNE PROTEINS. THE GENETIC OR EPIGENETIC PROFILE THAT PREDICTS BEST RESPONSE TO DPP-4 INHIBITOR THERAPY WILL BE ANALYSED. THE SAFETY ENDPOINTS INCLUDE THE RATE AND SEVERITY OF ADVERSE EVENTS. DISCUSSION: THIS IS THE FIRST RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL ASSESSING DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITION THERAPY IN PSORIASIS. WE HYPOTHESISE THAT SITAGLIPTIN THERAPY IN COMBINATION WITH NB-UVB IMPROVES PSORIASIS SEVERITY COMPARED TO NB-UVB MONOTHERAPY. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02347501 (DATE OF REGISTRATION: 27 JANUARY 2015). 2016