1 1029 142 CIRCULATING PLASMA MICRORNA IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE ACROMEGALY. CONTEXT: EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONE CAUSES MARKED MULTIORGAN CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY, WHICH MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: TO EVALUATE DIFFERENCES IN CIRCULATING MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC GROWTH HORMONE OVERPRODUCTION IN ADULTS. DESIGN AND SETTING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CASE-CONTROL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AT A TERTIARY MEDICAL CENTER. PARTICIPANTS: WE ENROLLED 12 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY ALONG WITH 12 AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED CONTROLS IN THE DISCOVERY PHASE OF THE STUDY AND THEN EXTENDED THIS COHORT TO 47 PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY AND 28 HEALTHY CONTROLS FOR THE VALIDATION STUDY. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PLASMA MIRNAS WERE QUANTIFIED BY NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) IN THE DISCOVERY PHASE. LEVELS OF SELECTED MIRNAS WERE VALIDATED ON EXTENDED COHORTS USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-QPCR), COMPARED BETWEEN GROUPS, AND CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL PARAMETERS. RESULTS: BASED ON NGS DATA, WE SELECTED 3 PLASMA MIRNAS DOWNREGULATED IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS: MIR-4446-3P -1.317 (P = 0.001), MIR-215-5P -3.040 (P = 0.005), AND MIR-342-5P -1.875 (P = 0.013) WITHOUT MULTIPLICITY CORRECTION FOR ALL 3 MIRNAS. THESE RESULTS WERE CONFIRMED BY RT-QPCR IN THE VALIDATION PHASE FOR 2 MIRNAS OUT OF 3: MIR-4446-3P (P < 0.001, PADJUSTED < 0.001), AREA UNDER THE RECEIVER-OPERATOR CURVE (AUC) 0.862 (95% CI 0.723-0.936; P < 0.001) AND MIR-215-5P (P < 0.001, PADJUSTED < 0.001), AUC 0.829 (95% CI 0.698-0.907; P < 0.001) TO DIFFERENTIATE PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: IN A 2-PHASE EXPERIMENT USING 2 DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES WE FOUND AND VALIDATED THE DOWNREGULATION OF PLASMA MIR-4446-3P AND MIR-215-5P IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY COMPARED TO HEALTHY SUBJECTS, WHICH MAKES THEM PROMISING BIOMARKERS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2 4242  28 METHYLATION STATUS OF ALU AND LINE-1 INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES IN BEHCET'S DISEASE PATIENTS. BEHCET'S DISEASE (BD) IS A MULTISYSTEM CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. THE PATHOLOGY IS BELIEVED TO INVOLVE BOTH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. HYPOMETHYLATION LEADING TO ACTIVATION OF INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES (IRSS) SUCH AS LINE-1 AND ALU CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOLOGIES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND CANCER. HEREIN, THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF IRSS IN BD WERE EVALUATED USING COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS-INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES (COBRA-IRS). DNA FROM NEUTROPHILS AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF BD PATIENTS WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT THAT WERE IN ACTIVE OR INACTIVE STATES AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE USED TO ANALYZE LINE-1 AND ALU METHYLATION LEVELS. FOR ALU SEQUENCES, SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN THE FREQUENCY OF (U)C(U)C ALLELES BETWEEN PBMCS OF PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P = 0.03), AND BETWEEN INACTIVE PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P = 0.03). FOR NEUTROPHILS, THE FREQUENCY OF (U)C(U)C WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER BETWEEN PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P = 0.006) AND BETWEEN INACTIVE PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P = 0.002). THE PARTIAL METHYLATION ((U)C(M)C + (M)C(U)C) FREQUENCIES OF ALU BETWEEN INACTIVE PATIENTS AND CONTROL SAMPLES ALSO DIFFERED (P = 0.02). NO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES FOR LINE-1 WERE DETECTED. THUS, CHANGES IN THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF IRS ELEMENTS MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF BD. THE ROLE OF ALU TRANSCRIPTS IN BD SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED FURTHER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 1023  38 CIRCULATING MICRORNA PROFILES FOR PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY FAILURE WITH REPLACEMENT THERAPY. INTRODUCTION: PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY FAILURE WITH REPLACEMENT THERAPY (KFRT) SUFFER FROM A DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BURDEN. CIRCULATING SMALL NON-CODING RNAS (C-SNCRNAS) HAVE EMERGED AS NOVEL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS AND ARE SUGGESTED AS NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE ASSOCIATIONS OF C-SNCRNAS WITH PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN KFRT. METHODS: IN A PILOT CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF 50 HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WHO DIED OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AS CASES, AND 50 MATCHED HEMODIALYSIS CONTROLS WHO REMAINED ALIVE DURING A MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP OF 2.0 YEARS, WE PERFORMED C-SNCRNAS PROFILES USING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCULATING MICRORNAS (C-MIRNAS) BETWEEN THE PLASMA OF CASES AND THAT OF CONTROLS. MRNA TARGET PREDICTION AND PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO EXAMINE THE FUNCTIONAL RELEVANCE OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED C-MIRNAS TO CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. THE ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED C-MIRNAS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY WAS EXAMINED USING MULTIVARIABLE CONDITIONAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION. RESULTS: THE PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS WERE SIMILAR BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS, WITH A MEAN AGE OF 63 YEARS, 48% MALE, AND 54% AFRICAN AMERICAN IN BOTH GROUPS. WE DETECTED A TOTAL OF 613 MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA, AMONG WHICH FIVE MIRNAS (I.E., MIR-129-1-5P, MIR-500B-3P, MIR-125B-1-3P, MIR-3648-2-5P, AND MIR-3150B-3P) WERE IDENTIFIED TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS WITH CUT-OFFS OF P < 0.05 AND LOG2 FOLD-CHANGE (LOG2FC) > 1. WHEN USING MORE STRINGENT CUT-OFFS OF P-ADJUSTED < 0.05 AND LOG2FC > 1, ONLY MIR-129-1-5P REMAINED SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED, WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF MIR-129-1-5P IN THE CASES THAN IN THE CONTROLS. THE PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS USING PREDICTED MIR-129-1-5P MRNA TARGETS DEMONSTRATED ENRICHMENT IN ADRENERGIC SIGNALING IN CARDIOMYOCYTES, ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY, AND OXYTOCIN SIGNALING PATHWAYS. IN PARALLEL, THE CIRCULATING MIR-129-1-5P LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH (ADJUSTED OR [95% CI], 1.68 [1.01-2.81] FOR ONE INCREASE IN LOG-TRANSFORMED MIR-129-1-5P COUNTS), INDEPENDENT OF POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS. CONCLUSIONS: CIRCULATING MIR-129-1-5P MAY SERVE AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN KFRT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                       
4 4689  39 NEW-ONSET POSTPARTUM PREECLAMPSIA: EPIGENETIC MECHANISM AND PREDICTION. OBJECTIVE: PLACENTAL CYTOSINE (CPG) METHYLATION WAS MEASURED TO PREDICT NEW-ONSET POSTPARTUM PREECLAMPSIA (NOPP) AND INTERROGATE ITS MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS. METHODS: NOPP WAS DEFINED AS PATIENTS WITH A NEW DIAGNOSIS OF POSTPARTUM PREECLAMPSIA DEVELOPING >/=48 H TO </=6 WEEKS AFTER DELIVERY WITH NO PRIOR HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS. PLACENTAL TISSUE WAS OBTAINED FROM 12 NOPP CASES AND 12 NORMOTENSIVE CONTROLS. GENOME-WIDE INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINE (CPG) METHYLATION LEVEL WAS MEASURED WITH THE INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP ARRAY. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION (NOPP VS. CONTROLS) FOR INDIVIDUAL CPG LOCI WAS DEFINED AS FALSE DISCOVERY RATE (FDR) P VALUE <.05. GENE FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT USING QIAGEN'S INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA) WAS PERFORMED TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF NOPP. A LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL FOR NOPP PREDICTION BASED ON THE METHYLATION LEVEL IN A COMBINATION OF CPG LOCI WAS GENERATED. THE AREA UNDER THE RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES (AUC [95% CI]) SENSITIVITY, AND SPECIFICITY FOR NOPP PREDICTION BASED ON THE CPG METHYLATION LEVEL WAS CALCULATED FOR EACH LOCUS. RESULTS: THERE WERE 537 (IN 540 SEPARATE GENES) SIGNIFICANTLY (FDR P<.05 WITH A >/= 2.0-FOLD METHYLATION DIFFERENCE) DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG LOCI BETWEEN THE GROUPS. A TOTAL OF 143 INDIVIDUAL CPG MARKERS HAD EXCELLENT INDIVIDUAL PREDICTIVE ACCURACY FOR NOPP PREDICTION (AUC >/=0.80), OF WHICH 14 MARKERS HAD OUTSTANDING ACCURACY (AUC >/=0.90). A LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL BASED ON FIVE CPG MARKERS YIELDED AN AUC (95% CI)=0.99 (0.95-0.99) WITH SENSITIVITY 95% AND SPECIFICITY 93% FOR NOPP PREDICTION. IPA REVEALED DYSREGULATION OF CRITICAL PATHWAYS (E.G., ANGIOGENESIS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION) KNOWN TO BE LINKED TO CLASSIC PREECLAMPSIA, IN ADDITION TO OTHER PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED GENES/PATHWAYS. CONCLUSIONS: THERE WAS SIGNIFICANT PLACENTAL EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IN NOPP. NOPP SHARED BOTH COMMON AND UNIQUE MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WITH CLASSIC PREECLAMPSIA. FINALLY, WE HAVE IDENTIFIED NOVEL POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR THE EARLY POST-PARTUM PREDICTION OF NOPP.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5 5270  37 PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ROLE OF MIR-129-2 GENE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF APPARENTLY MATURE B-TYPE LYMPHOCYTES IN THE LYMPHOHEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS. METHYLATION IN PROMOTERS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS ONE OF THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSES BLOOD MALIGNANCY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF MIR-129-2 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH CLL. METHODS: WE STUDIED THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE IN 50 PATIENTS WITH CLL AND 50 HEALTHY CONTROLS USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION METHODS. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING SPSS-18 SOFTWARE, AND A P-VALUE < 0.050 WAS CONSIDERED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. RESULTS: THE FREQUENCY OF PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE CLL GROUP COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUP (38.0% VS. 0.0%, P < 0.001; CHI(2) = 23.457). THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF MIR-129-2 GENE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE TWO SEXES (P = 0.236). A SIGNIFICANT BUT WEAK CORRELATION WAS SEEN BETWEEN THE METHYLATED STATE OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE AND ORGANOMEGALY (P = 0.019, R = 0.330) AS WELL AS HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS (P = 0.020, R = -0.233). HOWEVER, BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS INDICATED ORGANOMEGALY AS THE ONLY CLINICAL BIOMARKER WITH A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH THE HYPERMETHYLATED MIR-129-2 GENE STATE (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE IN THE CLL GROUP COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP, AS WELL AS ITS SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH ORGANOMEGALY, SUGGESTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS OF CLL DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 6832  25 [HYPOMETHYLATION OF TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN THE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC HEPATITIS B LIVER FAILURE]. OBJECTIVE: THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE THE POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC ALTERATION IN THE PROMOTER OF TNF-ALPHA IN THE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC HEPATITIS B LIVER FAILURE (ACHBLF). METHODS: THE METHYLATION OF TNF-ALPHA PROMOTER IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WAS MEASURED BY METHYLATION SPECIFIC PCR (MSP). THE LEVEL OF SERUM TNF-ALPHA WAS DETERMINED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA). MODEL FOR END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE (MELD) WAS PERFORMED FOR THE EVALUATION OF LIVER FAILURE. RESULTS: THE SERUM LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA IN PATIENTS WITH ACHBLF(44.9260 +/- 26.48523) WAS HIGHER THAN THAT IN CHB (18.92505 +/- 9.04461) AND HEALTHY CONTROLS (11.9172 +/- 5.04612) (P < 0.05). MOREOVER, THE SERUM TNF-ALPHA LEVEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN METHYLATION GROUP AS COMPARED TO UNMETHYLAITON GROUP IN PATIENTS WITH ACHBLF (P < 0.05). MELD WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN METHYLATED AND UNMETHYLATED GROUP OF ACHBLF PATIENTS (P > 0.05). IN ADDITION, THE SERUM LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA WAS FOUND TO BE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH SERUM TOTAL BILIRUBIN (R = 0.891, P < 0.01) AND MELD SCORE (R = 0.792, P < 0.01), BUT TO BE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH PROTHROMBIN ACTIVITY (R = - 0.511, P < 0.05) IN PATIENTS WITH ACHBLF. CONCLUSION: THE TNF-ALPHA METHYLATION PATTEN IS STABLE FOR THE LIVER FAILURE, SUGGESTING THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON METHYLATION.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  782  45 CELL-FREE MICRORNA-148A IS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION: IMPLICATION FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION (CAD), THE FOREMOST CAUSE OF RENAL GRAFT LOSS WORLDWIDE, IS A SERIOUS CHALLENGE FOR MOST OF THE RECIPIENTS. AS THE EPIGENETIC ERA IS EMERGING, EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS ESPECIALLY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) MAY REFLECT THE CURRENT STAGE OF THE DISEASE AND PATIENT'S THERAPY RESPONSE. THE CURRENT STUDY INVESTIGATED THE POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CIRCULATING MIRNA-148A IN PREDICTING THE RENAL GRAFT FUNCTION. DESIGN AND METHODS: CIRCULATING MIRNAS WERE ISOLATED FROM 53 PLASMA SAMPLES OF RECIPIENTS WITH HISTOLOGICALLY VALIDATED INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS AND TUBULAR ATROPHY (IFTA, N = 26), AND RECIPIENTS WITH STABLE GRAFT FUNCTION (SGF, N = 27), AND ALSO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS ( N = 15). THE LEVEL OF MIRNA-148A WAS EVALUATED BY THE QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR) AND CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS. RESULTS: SIGNIFICANTLY, MIRNA-148A DECREASED IN IFTA COMPARED WITH SGF SUBJECTS (P < 0.001). MIRNA-148A LEVELS INDICATED A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH SERUM CREATININE LEVELS ( R = 0.451, P = 0.021) AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE ( R = -0.520, P = 0.006). MIRNA-148A EXPRESSION LEVELS COULD DISCRIMINATE IFTA CASES FROM SGF INDIVIDUALS WITH AN AREA UNDER THE CURVE OF 0.89 ( P < 0.001), 97% SENSITIVITY, AND 72% SPECIFICITY. A NUMBER OF PREDICTED TARGETS THAT MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN CAD BY MIRNA-148A WERE PREDICTED. CONCLUSION: PLASMA CELL-FREE MIRNA-148A CORRELATED WITH RENAL FUNCTION AND HISTOLOGICAL GRADES; THEREFORE, IT MAY BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED AS A NOVEL NONINVASIVE MOLECULAR MARKER OF THE PROGRESSION TO IFTA IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; MOREOVER, THE EMERGING BIOMARKER MAY BECOME A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN THE FUTURE CLINIC.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
8 3125  26 GHSR DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS A COMMON EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF HIGH DIAGNOSTIC VALUE IN A BROAD SPECTRUM OF CANCERS. IDENTIFICATION OF A SINGLE MOLECULAR TRAIT THAT IS DETERMINANT OF COMMON MALIGNANCIES MAY SERVE AS A POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC SUPPLEMENT TO CANCER TYPE-SPECIFIC MARKERS. HERE, WE REPORT A DNA METHYLATION MARK THAT IS CHARACTERISTIC OF SEVEN STUDIED MALIGNANCIES, NAMELY CANCERS OF LUNG, BREAST, PROSTATE, PANCREAS, COLORECTUM, GLIOBLASTOMA AND B CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL) (N = 137). THIS MARK WAS DEFINED BY SUBSTANTIAL HYPERMETHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER AND FIRST EXON OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOUGE RECEPTOR (GHSR) THROUGH BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. THE DEGREE OF ABERRANT METHYLATION WAS CAPABLE OF ACCURATE DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN CANCER AND CONTROL SAMPLES. THE HIGHEST SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF CANCER DETECTION WAS ACHIEVED FOR CANCERS OF PANCREAS, LUNG, BREAST AND CLL YIELDING THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC) VALUES OF 1.0000, 0.9952, 0.9800 AND 0.9400, RESPECTIVELY. NARROWING TO A SINGLE CPG SITE WITHIN THE GENE'S PROMOTER OR FOUR CONSECUTIVE CPG UNITS OF THE HIGHEST METHYLATION LEVELS WITHIN THE FIRST EXON IMPROVED THE DETECTION POWER. GHSR HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED ALREADY AT THE EARLY STAGE TUMORS. THE ACCURATE PERFORMANCE OF THIS MARKER WAS FURTHER REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF PANCREATIC CANCER AND CONTROL SAMPLES (N = 78). THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE CANDIDATURE OF GHSR METHYLATION AS A HIGHLY ACCURATE PAN-CANCER MARKER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9 3310  37 HIGHER ORDER GENES INTERACTION IN DNA REPAIR AND CYTOKINE GENES POLYMORPHISM AND RISK TO LUNG CANCER IN NORTH INDIANS. CONTEXT: LUNG CANCER PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS INVOLVES CUMULATIVE EFFECTS EXERTED BY GENE POLYMORPHISM(S), EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AND ALTERATIONS IN DNA REPAIR MACHINERY. FURTHER, DNA DAMAGE DUE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, AND THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IS ALSO AN ETIOLOGIC MILIEU OF THIS MALIGNANT DISEASE. AIMS: THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO ASSESS THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF DNA REPAIR, CYTOKINES, AND GST GENE POLYMORPHISM IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS WHO HAD NOT RECEIVED ANY NEOADJUVANT THERAPY. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS CASE-CONTROL STUDY, 127 CASES AND 120 CONTROLS WERE ENROLLED. DNA FROM THE BLOOD SAMPLES OF BOTH PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WAS USED TO GENOTYPE XRCC1ARG399GLN, XPDLYS751GLN, AND INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1BETA) GENES BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM METHOD, WHEREAS MULTIPLEX PCR WAS PERFORMED TO GENOTYPE GSTT1 AND GSTM1. RESULTS: BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT XRCC1ARG399GLN-MUTANT GENOTYPE (GLN/GLN, ODDS RATIO [OR] = 4.6, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI]: 2.2-9.6) AND GSTT1 NULL (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.5) WERE LINKED TO CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY. GENERALIZED MULTIDIMENSIONAL REDUCTION ANALYSIS OF HIGHER ORDER GENE-GENE INTERACTION USING CROSS-VALIDATION TESTING (CVT) ACCURACY SHOWED THAT GSTT1 (CVT 0.62, P = 0.001), XPD751 AND IL-1BETA (CVT 0.6, P = 0.001), AND XRCC1399, XPD751, AND INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (IL-1RN) (CVT 0.98, P = 0.001) WERE SINGLE-, TWO-, AND THREE-FACTOR BEST MODEL PREDICTED, RESPECTIVELY, FOR LUNG CANCER RISK. CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREE ANALYSIS RESULTS SHOWED THAT TERMINAL NODES WHICH CONTAIN XRCC1399-MUTANT GENOTYPE (AA) HAD INCREASED THE RISK TO LUNG CANCER. CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT XRCC1399 (GLN/GLN), GSTT1, AND IL-1RN ALLELE I, I/II SERVED AS THE RISK GENOTYPES. THESE GENES COULD SERVE AS THE BIOMARKERS TO PREDICT LUNG CANCER RISK.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
10 2390  31 EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF CCDC37 AND MAP1B LINKS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE TO LUNG CANCER. INTRODUCTION: LUNG CANCER AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) SHARE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS. COPD ALSO INCREASES THE RISK OF LUNG CANCER; HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE UNCLEAR. METHODS: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF LUNG TUMORS AND CANCER-FREE LUNG TISSUE (CFLT) PAIRS FROM NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER CASES WITH (N = 18) OR WITHOUT (N = 17) COPD WAS CONDUCTED USING THE HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP (HM450K). COPD-ASSOCIATED METHYLATION OF TOP-RANKED GENES WAS CONFIRMED IN A LARGER SAMPLE SET, INDEPENDENTLY VALIDATED, AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS SPUTUM-BASED BIOMARKERS WAS INVESTIGATED. RESULTS: METHYLATION OF CCDC37 AND MAP1B WAS MORE PREVALENT IN LUNG TUMORS FROM COPD THAN NON-COPD CASES [54 OF 71 (76%) VERSUS 20 OF 46 (43%), P = 0.0013] AND [48 OF 71 (68%) VERSUS 17 OF 46 (37%), P = 0.0035], RESPECTIVELY, AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE, SEX, SMOKING STATUS, AND TUMOR HISTOLOGY. HM450K PROBES ACROSS CCDC37 AND MAP1B PROMOTERS SHOWED HIGHER METHYLATION IN TUMORS THAN CFLT WITH THE HIGHEST METHYLATION SEEN IN TUMORS FROM COPD CASES (P < 0.05). THESE RESULTS WERE INDEPENDENTLY VALIDATED USING THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS DATA. CCDC37 METHYLATION WAS MORE PREVALENT IN SPUTUM FROM COPD THAN NON-COPD SMOKERS (P < 0.005) FROM TWO COHORTS. CCDC37 AND MAP1B EXPRESSION WAS DRAMATICALLY REPRESSED IN TUMORS AND CFLT FROM COPD THAN NON-COPD CASES, P LESS THAN 0.02. CONCLUSIONS: THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF CCDC37 AND MAP1B ASSOCIATED WITH COPD LIKELY PREDISPOSES THESE GENES TO METHYLATION THAT IN TURN, MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LUNG CANCER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11 1990  36 EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE IDENTIFIES DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI THAT PREDICT DISEASE STATUS. PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE (PDB) IS CHARACTERIZED BY FOCAL INCREASES IN DISORGANIZED BONE REMODELING. THIS STUDY AIMS TO CHARACTERIZE PDB-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PATIENTS' BLOOD. META-ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE DISCOVERY AND CROSS-VALIDATION SET, EACH COMPRISING 116 PDB CASES AND 130 CONTROLS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION AT 14 CPG SITES, 4 CPG ISLANDS, AND 6 GENE-BODY REGIONS. THESE LOCI, INCLUDING TWO CHARACTERIZED AS FUNCTIONAL THROUGH EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT-METHYLATION ANALYSIS, WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FUNCTIONS RELATED TO OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION, MECHANICAL LOADING, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND VIRAL INFECTION. A MULTIVARIATE CLASSIFIER BASED ON DISCOVERY SAMPLES WAS FOUND TO DISCRIMINATE PDB CASES AND CONTROLS FROM THE CROSS-VALIDATION WITH A SENSITIVITY OF 0.84, SPECIFICITY OF 0.81, AND AN AREA UNDER CURVE OF 92.8%. IN CONCLUSION, THIS STUDY HAS SHOWN FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT EPIGENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF PDB AND MAY OFFER DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PREDICTION OF THE DISEASE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12  411  34 ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN OBESITY. OBESITY IS A CHRONIC AND COMPLEX PSYCHOSOMATIC DISEASE THAT IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY PREVALENT WORLDWIDE. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ANALYZE WHOLE METHYLATION PROFILES TO UNCOVER THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND NORMAL CONTROLS WERE STUDIED USING THE ILLUMINA 850 K METHYLATION MICROARRAY. THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WAS DETERMINED USING RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) ANALYSIS. THE EXPRESSION OF SELECTED CANDIDATE GENES WAS VERIFIED USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-QPCR) AND PYROSEQUENCING. A TOTAL OF 9,371 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES (7,974 HYPERMETHYLATED SITES AND 1,397 HYPOMETHYLATED SITES) WERE IDENTIFIED IN 4,571 GENES. A DIFFERENCE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES (HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED) IN BOTH GENE STRUCTURES AND CPG ISLANDS WAS OBSERVED. A TOTAL OF 114 KEY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE CPG ISLANDS. ROC RESULTS INDICATED THAT INHIBIN SUBUNIT BETA B (INHBB), HOMEOBOX A9 (HOXA9), TROPONIN T3 (TNNT3), CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (CAMP)-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN (CREB)-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION COACTIVATOR 1 (CRTC1) AND ZINC FINGER AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING 7 B (ZBTB7B) COULD DISCRIMINATE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY FROM NORMAL CONTROLS. RT-QPCR RESULTS OF CRTC1 AND ZBTB7B WERE CONSISTENT WITH OUR METHYLATION PROFILE RESULTS. THE PYROSEQUENCING RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF CRTC1 CPG SITES (CPG1 AND CPG2-CG11660071) AND INHBB CPG SITES (CPG2) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGED IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY COMPARED WITH NORMAL CONTROLS, WHICH WAS CONSISTENT WITH OUR DNA METHYLATION PROFILE RESULTS. OUR STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF OBESITY.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
13  659  34 BLOOD GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IS DECREASED IN NON-SEVERE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: ALTERATIONS IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS (OS). SINCE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE LEVELS OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN THIS PATIENT GROUP. METHODS: WE ASSESSED METHYLCYTOSINE (MCYT) LEVELS IN DNA FROM BLOOD COLLECTED IN 43 COPD PATIENTS (29 WITH MILD AND 14 WITH MODERATE DISEASE) AND 43 AGE- AND SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: DNA METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN COPD PATIENTS VS. CONTROLS (4.20 +/- 0.18% MCYT VS. 4.29 +/- 0.18% MCYT, P = 0.02). FURTHERMORE, DNA METHYLATION IN COPD PATIENTS WITH MODERATE DISEASE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THAT IN PATIENTS WITH MILD DISEASE (4.14 +/- 0.15% MCYT VS. 4.23 +/- 0.19% MCYT, P < 0.05). UNIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT LOWER DNA METHYLATION LEVELS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH PRESENCE OF COPD (CRUDE OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 TO 0.67, P = 0.023). THIS RELATIONSHIP REMAINED SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR SEVERAL CONFOUNDERS (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 TO 0.67; P = 0.028). RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (ROC) CURVE ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE OF MCYT WAS 0.646, WITH 46.6% SENSITIVITY AND 79.1% SPECIFICITY FOR PRESENCE OF COPD. CONCLUSIONS: THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN METHYLATION AND OS INDICES. THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF COPD IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSIVELY LOWER DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD. HOWEVER, THIS EPIGENETIC ALTERATION SEEMS INDEPENDENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
14  116  38 A STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION OF BLADDER CANCER BIOMARKERS IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION. BACKGROUND: BLADDER CANCER (BCA) IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM NEUROGENIC LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION (NLUTD) IS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN DUE TO ITS ADVANCED STAGE AT DIAGNOSIS AND HIGH MORTALITY RATE. CURRENTLY, THERE IS A SCARCITY OF SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR BCA SCREENING IN THESE PATIENTS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF URINE BIOMARKERS FOR BCA SEEMS TO BE AN ATTRACTIVE NON-INVASIVE METHOD OF SCREENING OR RISK STRATIFICATION IN THIS PATIENT POPULATION. DNA METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, RESULTING IN THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSION GENES, THAT IS FREQUENTLY DETECTED IN THE URINE OF BCA PATIENTS. OBJECTIVES: WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN FIVE GENE PROMOTERS, PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH BCA, IN THE URINE OF NLUTD PATIENTS, AND IN COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: THIS WAS A PROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY THAT RECRUITED NEUROUROLOGY OUTPATIENTS FROM A PUBLIC TEACHING HOSPITAL WHO HAD SUFFERED FROM NLUTD FOR AT LEAST 5 YEARS. THEY ALL UNDERWENT CYSTOSCOPY COMBINED WITH BIOPSY FOR BCA SCREENING FOLLOWING WRITTEN INFORMED CONSENT. DNA WAS EXTRACTED AND DNA METHYLATION WAS ASSESSED FOR THE RASSF1, RARBETA, DAPK, TERT AND APC GENE PROMOTERS VIA QUANTITATIVE METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR IN URINE SPECIMENS FROM THE PATIENTS AND CONTROLS. RESULTS: FORTY-ONE PATIENTS OF MIXED NLUTD ETIOLOGY AND 35 CONTROLS WERE ENROLLED. DNA WAS DETECTED IN 36 PATIENTS' URINE SPECIMENS AND IN THOSE OF 22 CONTROLS. IN THE URINE SPECIMENS, DNA WAS HYPERMETHYLATED IN AT LEAST ONE OF FIVE GENE PROMOTERS IN 17/36 PATIENTS AND IN 3/22 CONTROLS (47.22% VS. 13.64%, RESPECTIVELY, P = 0.009). RASSF1 WAS HYPERMETHYLATED IN 10/17 (58.82%) SPECIMENS WITH DETECTED METHYLATION, APC IN 7/17 (41.18%), DAPK IN 4/17 (23.53%), RAR-BETA2 IN 3/17 (17.56%) AND TERT IN NONE. ACCORDING TO A MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS, NLUTD AND MALE GENDER WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION (OR = 7.43, P = 0.007 AND OR = 4.21; P = 0.04, RESPECTIVELY). IN THE TISSUE SPECIMENS, HISTOLOGY REVEALED TALG BCA IN TWO PATIENTS AND UROTHELIAL SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA IN FIVE PATIENTS. CHRONIC BLADDER INFLAMMATION WAS PRESENT IN 35/41 BLADDER BIOPSIES. CONCLUSIONS: DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN A PANEL OF FIVE BCA-ASSOCIATED GENES IN THE URINE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE FREQUENT IN NLUTD PATIENTS THAN IN THE CONTROLS. OUR RESULTS WARRANT FURTHER EVALUATION IN LONGITUDINAL STUDIES ASSESSING THE CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND POSSIBLE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND BCA IN THE NLUTD POPULATION.	2023	

15 3071  39 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING INTEGRATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PAX9 AS A NOVEL PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), EPIGENOMIC AND GENOMIC STUDIES HAVE EXPANDED THE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE BIOLOGY AND LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RELEVANT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. IN THIS STUDY, AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO EXAMINE AND INTEGRATE THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND THEIR IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. RESULTS: THE INTEGRATION OF DNA METHYLATION PROFILE (N = 14) WITH THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE (N = 21) REVEALED 142 GENES AS HYPERMETHYLATED-DOWNREGULATED AND; 62 GENES AS HYPOMETHYLATED-UPREGULATED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS COMPARED TO CD19+ B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF 17 GENES IDENTIFIED TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AND/OR DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED WAS FURTHER EXAMINED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS (N = 93) BY QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR (RQ-PCR). SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF MEIS1, PMEPA1, SOX7, SPRY1, CDK6, TBX2, AND SPRY2 GENES IN CLL CELLS AS COMPARED TO B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE ANALYSIS IN THE IGHV MUTATION BASED CATEGORIES (UNMUTATED = 39, MUTATED = 54) REVEALED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES IN THE IGHV UNMUTATED SUBGROUP (P < 0.001). THE RELATIVE RISK OF TREATMENT INITIATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (RR = 1.91, P = 0.005) OR PAX9 (RR = 1.87, P = 0.001). HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (HR: 3.53, P < 0.001) OR PAX9 (HR: 3.14, P < 0.001) GENE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF PAX9 GENE (HR: 3.29, 95% CI 1.172-9.272, P = 0.016) WAS ALSO PREDICTIVE OF SHORTER OVERALL SURVIVAL IN CLL. CONCLUSIONS: THE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES ALLOW RISK STRATIFICATION OF EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT THAT THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ALONG WITH THE ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
16 1529  32 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE. FOLATE, A WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMIN, IS A KEY SOURCE OF ONE-CARBON GROUPS FOR DNA METHYLATION, BUT STUDIES OF THE DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO SUPPLEMENTAL FOLIC ACID YIELD INCONSISTENT RESULTS. THESE STUDIES ARE COMMONLY CONDUCTED USING WHOLE BLOOD, WHICH CONTAINS A MIXED POPULATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO CONFOUND RESULTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF CD16+ NEUTROPHILS MAY PROVIDE MORE SPECIFIC DATA THAN WHOLE BLOOD FOR IDENTIFYING DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION. THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED IN NORMAL WEIGHT (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 KG/M2) WOMEN (18 - 35 Y; N = 12), WITH BLOOD SAMPLES TAKEN BEFORE AND AFTER 8 WEEKS OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AT 800 MUG/DAY. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS FROM WHOLE BLOOD AND ISOLATED CD16+ NEUTROPHILS WERE MEASURED ACROSS >485,000 CPG SITES THROUGHOUT THE GENOME USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. OVER THE COURSE OF THE 8-WEEK SUPPLEMENTATION, 6746 AND 7513 CPG SITES CHANGED (P < 0.05) IN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS, RESPECTIVELY. DNA METHYLATION DECREASED IN 68.4% (WHOLE BLOOD) AND 71.8% (CD16+ NEUTROPHILS) OF THESE SITES. THERE WERE ONLY 182 CPG SITES THAT CHANGED IN BOTH THE WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS, 139 OF WHICH CHANGED IN THE SAME DIRECTION. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS AND THAT A SINGLE WHITE BLOOD CELL TYPE MAY FUNCTION AS A MORE SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC REPORTER OF FOLATE STATUS THAN WHOLE BLOOD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17 2626  38 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIES DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR ASTHMA REMISSION IN WHOLE BLOOD AND NASAL EPITHELIUM. BACKGROUND: ASTHMA IS A CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE WHICH IS NOT CURABLE, YET SOME PATIENTS EXPERIENCE SPONTANEOUS REMISSION. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE INVOLVED IN ASTHMA REMISSION. METHODS: CLINICAL REMISSION (CLINR) WAS DEFINED AS THE ABSENCE OF ASTHMA SYMPTOMS AND MEDICATION FOR AT LEAST 12 MONTHS, AND COMPLETE REMISSION (COMR) WAS DEFINED AS CLINR WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND ABSENCE OF AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS. WE ANALYZED DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF CLINR AND COMR COMPARING TO PERSISTENT ASTHMA (PERSA) IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES (N = 72) AND NASAL BRUSHING SAMPLES (N = 97) IN A LONGITUDINAL COHORT OF WELL CHARACTERIZED ASTHMA PATIENTS. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS OF WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WERE TESTED FOR REPLICATION IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS, LIFELINES AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT OF ASTHMA (EGEA). RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH CLINR (7 CPG SITES) AND COMR (129 CPG SITES) IN WHOLE BLOOD. ONE CPG (CG13378519, CHR1) ASSOCIATED WITH CLINR WAS REPLICATED AND ANNOTATED TO PEX11 (PEROXISOMAL BIOGENESIS FACTOR 11 BETA). THE WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF THIS CPG WERE ALSO DIFFERENT BETWEEN CLINR AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS. ONE COMR-ASSOCIATED CPG (CG24788483, CHR10) THAT ANNOTATED TO TCF7L2 (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 7 LIKE 2) WAS REPLICATED AND ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION OF TCF7L2 GENE. ONE OUT OF SEVEN CLINR-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES AND 8 OUT OF 129 COMR-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES IDENTIFIED FROM WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES SHOWED NOMINAL SIGNIFICANCE (P < 0.05) AND THE SAME DIRECTION OF EFFECT IN NASAL BRUSHES. CONCLUSION: WE IDENTIFIED DNA METHYLATION MARKERS POSSIBLY ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL AND COMPLETE ASTHMA REMISSION IN NASAL BRUSHES AND WHOLE BLOOD, AND TWO CPG SITES IDENTIFIED FROM WHOLE BLOOD CAN BE REPLICATED IN INDEPENDENT COHORTS AND MAY PLAY A ROLE IN PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION AND WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18 2037  29 EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF TIMP-3, GSTP-1 AND 14-3-3 SIGMA GENES AS INDICATION OF STATUS OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. OBJECTIVES: THIS STUDY AIMED TO COMPARE THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES VIA HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS OF TIMP-3, GSTP-1 AND 14-3-3SIGMA GENES, BETWEEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH REVERSIBLE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, AND BETWEEN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH IRREVERSIBLE MALIGNANT DISEASE, TO HIGHLIGHT THE GENETIC CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE PROGRESSION FROM AN INFLAMMATORY CONDITION TO IRREVERSIBLE GENETIC CHANGES COMMONLY OBSERVED IN CANCER PATIENTS. METHODS: DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM THE BLOOD OF 680 HEALTHY SUBJECTS, AND TISSUES AND BLOOD OF 110 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION DISEASE OF THE GUMS, AS WELL AS NEOPLASTIC TISSUES OF 108 BREAST CANCER PATIENTS. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) FOR TIMP-3, GSTP-1 AND 14-3-3SIGMA WAS PERFORMED, AND HYPERMETHYLATION STATUS WAS ANALYZED AND COMPARED BETWEEN THE 3 GROUPS. RESULTS: THE HYPERMETHYLATION FREQUENCIES OF TIMP-3 AND GSTP-1 OF REVERSIBLE CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GUM DISEASE AND THE CONTROL GROUP WERE SIMILAR, BUT BOTH WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN THOSE FOR MALIGNANT DISEASE PATIENTS (P<0.0001). THE METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF 14-3-3SIGMA IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GUM DISEASE WAS HIGHER THAN IN THE CANCER AND CONTROL GROUPS (P<0.0001). THE METHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS IN TIMP-3 AND GSTP-1 IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PATIENTS OCCURRED AS FREQUENTLY AS IN THE CONTROL GROUP, BUT LESS FREQUENTLY THAN IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS. HOWEVER, THE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF 14-3-3SIGMA OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION GROUP THAN IN CANCER PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: THE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF 14-3-3SIGMA MIGHT BE ESSENTIAL FOR CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GUM DISEASE. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES PRESENTED IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PATIENTS MIGHT DEMONSTRATE AN IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION IN THE TISSUES OR ORGANS SIMILAR TO CANCER.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
19 3956  32 LONG NON-CODING RNA GENES POLYMORPHISMS H19 (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 (RS3200401) ASSOCIATION WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY IN A COHORT OF EGYPTIAN PATIENTS: A PILOT STUDY. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) IS A CHRONIC, PROGRESSIVE, INFLAMMATORY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE THAT COULD BE DISABLING THROUGHOUT ITS COURSE. IT AFFECTS PEOPLE IN THEIR MOST REPRODUCTIVE YEARS WITH RELATIVELY HIGH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY. LONG NON-CODING RNAS BECAME ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS TO PROVE A LINK TO RA PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING H19 AND MALAT1 GENES. THESE TWO GENES' EXPRESSIONS HAD PROVED TO INCREASE IN MULTIPLE DISEASES, ATTRACTING ATTENTION TO THEIR POLYMORPHISMS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RISK ROLE. ASSESS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RA AND ITS DISEASE ACTIVITY. IN THIS PILOT STUDY, 200 HUNDRED SUBJECTS (100 RA PATIENTS AND 100 HEALTHY CONTROLS) WERE INVESTIGATED FOR A POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN THE POLYMORPHISMS H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (3200401) AND RA SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DISEASE ACTIVITY. RA-RELATED INVESTIGATIONS AND CLINICAL ASSESSMENT WERE DONE. REAL-TIME PCR GENOTYPING OF BOTH SNPS WAS DONE USING TAQMAN(R) MGB PROBES. THERE WAS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SNPS AND RISK OF DEVELOPING RA. HOWEVER, BOTH SNPS HAD A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH HIGH DISEASE ACTIVITY. H19 SNP (RS2251375) HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPE CA HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH ELEVATED LEVELS OF ESR (P = 0.04) AND HIGHER DAS28-ESR SCORE (P = 0.03). MALAT1 (RS3200401) C ALLELE HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH ELEVATED ESR (P = 0.001), DAS28-ESR (P = 0.03), AND DAS28-CRP (P = 0.007), WHILE CC GENOTYPE HAD AN ASSOCIATION WITH DAS28-CRP (P = 0.015). LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND HAPLOTYPING OF THE ALLELES OF BOTH SNPS WERE ANALYZED AS BOTH GENES ARE PRESENT ON CHROMOSOME 11, BUT NO SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN ANY OF THE COMBINATIONS OF THE ALLELES (P > 0.05), DENOTING THAT (RS2251375) AND (RS3200401) ARE NOT IN LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM. THERE IS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RA. HOWEVER, THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H19 SNP (RS2251375) GENOTYPE CA AND MALAT1 SNP (RS3200401) GENOTYPE CC WITH RA HIGH DISEASE ACTIVITY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20  494  22 ASSESSMENT OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IDENTIFIES PTCH AS A PUTATIVE TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE IN HUMAN CLL. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CLONAL ACCUMULATION OF NEOPLASTIC LYMPHOCYTES, INDICATING DISRUPTION OF APOPTOSIS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION HYBRIDIZATION ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL TARGET GENES SILENCED BY CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CLL. RESULTS: PATCHED (PTCH), A TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE, WAS FOUND TO BE FREQUENTLY METHYLATED IN CLL SAMPLES COMPARED TO SAMPLES DERIVED FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. DE NOVO METHYLATION OF A CPG ISLAND REGION LOCATED UPSTREAM OF PTCH EXON 1 WAS CONFIRMED BY PYROSEQUENCING IN 17/37 (46%) OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CLL, BUT IN NONE ISOLATED FROM SEVEN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. NO ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN PTCH HYPERMETHYLATION AND CURRENTLY USED PROGNOSTIC CLL FACTORS. CONCLUSION: OUR INVESTIGATION SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF PTCH IS A MECHANISM CONTRIBUTING TO CLL TUMORIGENESIS.	2016