1  921 133 CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED CIRBP HYPERMETHYLATION ATTENUATES HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION VIA DOWN-REGULATION OF UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS. THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA IS COMMONLY USED DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (CPB) TO PROTECT THE HEART AGAINST MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN CARDIAC SURGERY. PATIENTS WHO SUFFER FROM CHRONIC HYPOXIA (CH), SUCH AS THOSE WITH CERTAIN HEART OR LUNG CONDITIONS, ARE AT HIGH RISK OF SEVERE MYOCARDIAL INJURY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE UNKNOWN. THIS STUDY TESTED WHETHER CH ATTENUATES HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION DURING CPB. USING A RAT MODEL OF CPB, WE FOUND THAT HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION WAS IMPAIRED IN CH RATS BUT WAS PRESERVED IN NORMOXIC RATS. CARDIAC PROTEOMES SHOWED THAT COLD-INDUCIBLE RNA BINDING PROTEIN (CIRBP) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY (P = 0.03) DECREASED IN CH RATS DURING CPB. METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF NEONATAL RAT CARDIOMYOCYTES UNDER CH AND MYOCARDIUM SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH CH SHOWED THAT CH INDUCED HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE CIRBP PROMOTER REGION, RESULTING IN ITS DEPRESSION AND FAILURE TO RESPOND TO COLD STRESS. CIRBP-KNOCKOUT RATS SHOWED ATTENUATED HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPROTECTION, WHEREAS CIRBP-TRANSGENIC RATS SHOWED AN ENHANCED RESPONSE. PROTEOMICS ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE CARDIAC UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY WAS DOWN-REGULATED DURING CPB IN CIRBP-KNOCKOUT RATS, RESULTING IN A SIGNIFICANTLY (P = 0.01) DECREASED CONCENTRATION OF UBIQUINONE (COQ(10)). CONSEQUENTLY, CARDIAC OXIDATIVE STRESS WAS AGGRAVATED AND ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE PRODUCTION WAS IMPAIRED, LEADING TO INCREASED MYOCARDIAL INJURY DURING CPB. COQ(10)-SUPPLEMENTED CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTION IMPROVED CARDIOPROTECTION IN RATS EXPOSED TO CH, BUT ITS EFFECT WAS LIMITED IN NORMOXIC RATS. OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT AN INDIVIDUALIZED CARDIOPROTECTION STRATEGY SHOULD BE USED TO FULLY COMPENSATE FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF CIRBP IN PATIENTS WITH CH WHO REQUIRE THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2 5636  40 SERELAXIN ALLEVIATES CARDIAC FIBROSIS THROUGH INHIBITING ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION VIA RXFP1. RATIONALE: CARDIAC FIBROSIS IS AN INTEGRAL CONSTITUENT OF EVERY FORM OF CHRONIC HEART DISEASE, AND PERSISTENCE OF FIBROSIS REDUCES TISSUE COMPLIANCE AND ACCELERATES THE PROGRESSION TO HEART FAILURE. RELAXIN-2 IS A HUMAN HORMONE, WHICH HAS VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS SUCH AS MEDIATING RENAL VASODILATION IN PREGNANCY. ITS RECOMBINANT FORM SERELAXIN HAS RECENTLY BEEN TESTED IN CLINICAL TRIALS AS A THERAPY FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE BUT DID NOT MEET ITS PRIMARY ENDPOINTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE WHETHER SERELAXIN HAS AN ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT IN THE HEART AND THEREFORE COULD BE BENEFICIAL IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE. METHODS: WE UTILIZED TWO DIFFERENT CARDIAC FIBROSIS MOUSE MODELS (ASCENDING AORTIC CONSTRICTION (AAC) AND ANGIOTENSIN II (ATII) ADMINISTRATION VIA OSMOTIC MINIPUMPS) TO ASSESS THE ANTI-FIBROTIC POTENTIAL OF SERELAXIN. HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE FIBROSIS LEVEL AND INDICATE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WHICH ARE UNDERGOING ENDMT. IN VITRO TGFBETA1-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (ENDMT) ASSAYS WERE PERFORMED IN HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND MOUSE CARDIAC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (MCECS) AND WERE EXAMINED USING MOLECULAR METHODS. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-QPCR ASSAY WAS UTILIZED TO IDENTIFY THE SERELAXIN EFFECT ON CHROMATIN REMODELING IN THE RXFP1 PROMOTER REGION IN MCECS. RESULTS: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE A SIGNIFICANT AND DOSE-DEPENDENT ANTI-FIBROTIC EFFECT OF SERELAXIN IN THE HEART IN BOTH MODELS. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT SERELAXIN MEDIATES THIS EFFECT, AT LEAST IN PART, THROUGH INHIBITION OF ENDMT THROUGH THE ENDOTHELIAL RELAXIN FAMILY PEPTIDE RECEPTOR 1 (RXFP1). WE FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THAT SERELAXIN ADMINISTRATION IS ABLE TO INCREASE ITS OWN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION (RXFP1) THROUGH EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN FORM OF HISTONE MODIFICATIONS BY ATTENUATING TGFBETA-PSMAD2/3 SIGNALING IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST TO IDENTIFY THAT SERELAXIN INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF ITS OWN RECEPTOR RXFP1 AND THAT THIS MEDIATES THE INHIBITION OF ENDMT AND CARDIAC FIBROSIS, SUGGESTING THAT SERELAXIN MAY HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT AS ANTI-FIBROTIC THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.	2020	
                           
3 3096  46 GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION REVEALS NOVEL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN-MEDIATED CARDIAC PROTECTION AGAINST HEART FAILURE. CHRONIC HYPERTENSION IS A KEY RISK FACTOR FOR HEART FAILURE. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES FOUND THAT THE VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (VCP), AN ATPASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE HYPERTENSIVE HEART TISSUES. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RESTORATION OF VCP PROTECTED THE HEART AGAINST PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED HEART FAILURE. WITH A CARDIAC-SPECIFIC TRANSGENIC (TG) MOUSE MODEL, WE SHOWED THAT A MODERATE INCREASE OF VCP WAS ABLE TO ATTENUATE CHRONIC PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED MALADAPTIVE CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND DYSFUNCTION. RNA SEQUENCING AND A COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS FURTHER DEMONSTRATED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF VCP IN THE HEART NORMALIZED THE PRESSURE OVERLOAD-STIMULATED HYPERTROPHIC SIGNALS AND REPRESSED THE STRESS-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. IN ADDITION, VCP OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED CELL SURVIVAL BY ENHANCING THE MITOCHONDRIA RESISTANCE TO THE OXIDATIVE STRESS VIA ACTIVATING THE RICTOR-MEDIATED-GENE NETWORKS. VCP WAS ALSO FOUND TO BE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AND DIFFERENTIAL ISOFORM EXPRESSION FOR SOME GENES THAT ARE RELATED TO ATP PRODUCTION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY INTERACTING WITH LONG NO-CODING RNAS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES, INDICATING A NOVEL EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VCP IN INTEGRATING CODING AND NONCODING GENOMIC NETWORK IN THE STRESSED HEART. IN SUMMARY, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE RESCUING OF A DEFICIENT VCP IN THE HEART COULD PREVENT PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED HEART FAILURE BY RECTIFYING CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING AND ENHANCING THE CARDIAC RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS, WHICH BROUGHT IN NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISM OF VCP IN PROTECTING PATIENTS FROM HYPERTENSIVE HEART FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4 3390  35 HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS INDUCED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY. PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) HAVE TO TAKE AN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) FOR LIFE AND SHOW NONCOMMUNICABLE ILLNESSES SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, AND MULTIORGAN DYSREGULATION. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT LONG-TERM USE OF ART INDUCES COMORBID CONDITIONS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE IN PLWH. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS (ARVS) INDUCED HEART FAILURE IS UNCLEAR. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISM OF ARVS INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION, WE PERFORMED GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING OF ARVS TREATED NEONATAL RAT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOCYTES IN CULTURE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY RNA-SEQUENCING. OUR DATA SHOW THAT ARVS TREATMENT CAUSES UPREGULATION OF SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOTOXICITY, HYPERTROPHY, AND HEART FAILURE. GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE VALIDATED IN CARDIAC TISSUE ISOLATED FROM HIV PATIENTS HAVING A HISTORY OF ART. INTERESTINGLY, WE FOUND THAT HOMEODOMAIN-ONLY PROTEIN HOMEOBOX (HOPX) EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN CARDIOMYOCYTES TREATED WITH ARVS AND IN THE HEART TISSUE OF HIV PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ARVS MEDIATED CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY. MECHANISTICALLY, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION, THROUGH DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE, WHILE THE HDAC INHIBITOR, TRICHOSTATIN A, CAN RESTORE THE ACETYLATION LEVEL OF HISTONE 3 IN THE PRESENCE OF ARVS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5 1429  30 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE AND FEMALE RODENTS AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION. BACKGROUND: WOMEN ARE MORE VULNERABLE THAN MEN TO THE NEUROTOXICITY AND SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE CAUSED BY CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE. IN ADDITION, BRAIN DAMAGE DUE TO CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SEX-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) AND THEIR TARGET GENES THAT ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE AND FEMALE ANIMAL MODELS IN RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL. METHODS: AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION (3~3.5 G/KG/DAY) IN MALE (CONTROL, N = 10; ALCOHOL, N = 12) OR FEMALE (CONTROL, N = 10; ALCOHOL, N = 12) SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS FOR 6 WEEKS, WE MEASURED BODY WEIGHTS AND DOUBLECORTIN (DCX; A NEUROGENESIS MARKER) CONCENTRATIONS AND ANALYZED UP- OR DOWNREGULATED MIRNAS USING GENECHIP MIRNA 4.0 ARRAYS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS AND THEIR PUTATIVE TARGET GENES WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR. RESULTS: ALCOHOL ATTENUATED BODY WEIGHT GAIN ONLY IN THE MALE GROUP. ON THE OTHER HAND, ALCOHOL LED TO INCREASED SERUM AST IN FEMALE RATS AND DECREASED SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS IN MALE RATS. THE EXPRESSION OF DCX WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED IN THE HIPPOCAMPI OF MALE ALCOHOL-TREATED RATS. NINE MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP- OR DOWNREGULATED IN MALE ALCOHOL-TREATED RATS, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF MIR-125A-3P, LET-7A-5P, AND MIR-3541, AND DOWNREGULATION OF THEIR TARGET GENES (PRDM5, SUV39H1, PTPRZ1, MAPK9, ING4, WT1, NKX3-1, DAB2IP, RNF152, RIPK1, LIN28A, APBB3, NRAS, AND ACVR1C). ON THE OTHER HAND, 7 MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP- OR DOWNREGULATED IN ALCOHOL-TREATED FEMALE RATS, INCLUDING DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-881-3P AND MIR-504 AND UPREGULATION OF THEIR TARGET GENES (NAA50, CLOCK, CBFB, ARIH1, UBE2G1, AND GNG7). CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC HEAVY ALCOHOL USE PRODUCES SEX-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON NEUROGENESIS AND MIRNA EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND THAT SEX DIFFERENCES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN DEVELOPING MIRNA BIOMARKERS TO DIAGNOSE OR TREAT ALCOHOLICS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
6 3049  32 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS REVEALS ZINC TRANSPORTER ZIP9 REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS VIA THE TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY. RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IS A DETRIMENTAL AND CHRONIC DISORDER THAT OCCURS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY MECHANISM OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPARED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES OF RATS BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN SHOWED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 3,650 PROTEIN-CODING GENES, 72 MICRORNAS, 5,836 LONG NONCODING RNAS AND 3 PIWI-INTERACTING RNAS. BY INTEGRATING THE MRNA AND METHYLATION PROFILES, THE ZINC TRANSPORTER SLC39A9/ZIP9 WAS INVESTIGATED IN GREATER DETAIL. THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF ZIP9 WAS INCREASED IN IRRADIATED SKIN TISSUES OF HUMANS, MONKEYS, AND RATS, ESPECIALLY IN RADIOGENIC FIBROTIC SKIN TISSUES. RADIATION INDUCED THE DEMETHYLATION OF A CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN EXON 1 OF ZIP9 THAT RESULTED IN RECRUITMENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR SP1 AND INCREASED ZIP9 EXPRESSION. OVEREXPRESSION OF ZIP9 RESULTED IN ACTIVATION OF THE PROFIBROTIC TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY THROUGH PROTEIN KINASE B IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. IN ADDITION, RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ZINC ACCUMULATION. THE ZINC CHELATOR N,N,N',N'-TETRAKIS(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-1,2-ETHYLENEDIAMINE ABROGATED ZIP9-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ATTENUATED RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IN A RAT MODEL. IN SUMMARY, OUR FINDINGS ILLUSTRATE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ZIP9 AND ITS CRITICAL ROLE IN PROMOTING RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
7 3128  34 GIPC-REGULATED IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO THROUGH A BETA1-INTEGRIN PATHWAY. BACKGROUND & AIMS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF-BETA)-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS) AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION TO MYOFIBROBLASTS IS A KEY EVENT IN LIVER FIBROSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION. GIPC (ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN) IS A DOWNSTREAM SIGNAL ACTIVATION MOLECULE OF TGF-BETA AND OTHER RECEPTORS. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY NOVEL GENES TARGETED BY TGF-BETA AND GIPC AND ELUCIDATE IF AND HOW THEY MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LIVER FIBROSIS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED SEQUENTIAL MESSENGER RNA SEQUENCING ANALYSIS ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS AND THEN ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF GIPC ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN (GIPC) KNOCKDOWN. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-3 (IGFBP-3) TRANSPORT PROTEIN EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS WERE DONE FOR FURTHER CONFIRMATION. RESULTS: IGFBP-3, AN INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR TRANSPORT PROTEIN, EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC, WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT GIPC INCREASES THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) ACETYLATION ACTIVATING MARK AND CONCURRENTLY DECREASES THE H3K27 INHIBITORY TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27M3) MARK, PROVIDING AN EPIGENETIC CORRELATE TO THE GENE REGULATION CHANGES. IN VIVO, GLOBAL KNOCKOUT OF IGFBP-3 MICE RESULTED IN ATTENUATION OF HSC ACTIVATION MARKERS AND ATTENUATION OF PORTAL PRESSURE IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC LIVER INJURY MODELS. ANALYSIS OF SERUM LEVELS FROM CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS ALSO SHOWED AN IGFBP-3 INCREASE OF MORE THAN 2-FOLD COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. FINALLY, IN VITRO MECHANISM STUDIES SHOWED THAT IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION THROUGH INTEGRIN-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROTEIN KINASE B. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-BETA UP-REGULATES IGFBP-3 THROUGH GIPC, LEADING TO INCREASED HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PROMOTES PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO. THESE STUDIES SUPPORT THE ROLE OF IGFBP-3 AS A POTENTIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC TARGET OR BIOMARKER IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.	2020	

8 1622  29 DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES IN MALAR MELASMA AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. BACKGROUND: MALAR MELASMA HAS A CHRONIC AND RECURRENT CHARACTER THAT MAY BE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES. OBJECTIVE: TO RECOGNIZE THE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) IN MALAR MELASMA AND PERILESIONAL SKIN, AS WELL AS THE CHANGES IN DNMTS AFTER THEIR TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH 4% NIACINAMIDE, 0.05% RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. METHODS: THIRTY FEMALE PATIENTS WERE CLINICALLY EVALUATED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3B USING REAL-TIME PCR AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. THESE INITIAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED TO RESULTS AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF TREATMENT WITH SUNSCREEN IN COMBINATION WITH NIACINAMIDE, RETINOIC ACID, OR PLACEBO. RESULTS: THE RELATIVE EXPRESSION OF DNMT1 WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ELEVATED IN MELASMA COMPARED WITH UNAFFECTED SKIN IN ALL SUBJECTS, INDICATING DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. AFTER TREATMENT, IT WAS DECREASED IN ALL GROUPS: NIACINAMIDE (7 VERSUS 1; P<0.01), RETINOIC ACID (7 VERSUS 2; P<0.05), AND PLACEBO (7 VERSUS 3; P<0.05), WHICH CORRELATES WITH CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT. DNMT3B WAS NOT OVEREXPRESSED IN LESIONAL SKIN BUT REDUCED IN ALL GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: WE FOUND DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN MELASMA LESIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SUCH AS SOLAR RADIATION MAY INDUCE CELLULAR CHANGES THAT TRIGGER HYPERPIGMENTATION THROUGH THE ACTIVATION OF PATHWAYS REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. HOWEVER, LIMITING OR DECREASING DNA METHYLATION THROUGH SUNSCREEN, NIACINAMIDE, AND RETINOIC ACID TREATMENTS THAT PROVIDE PHOTOPROTECTION AND GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION CAN COUNTERACT THIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9 6835  21 [INFLUENCE OF AGE OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY ON LOW-MOLECULAR DNA CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD PLASMA.]. THE AIM OF THE WORK WAS TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PLASMA DNA (LMDNA) IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CHRONIC NON-OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS (CNONB) OF TWO AGE GROUPS - 34-59 AND 60-80 YEARS. THE LEVELS OF LMDNA IN HEALTHY DONORS, PATIENTS WITH CNONB, HEALTHY RELATIVES OF PATIENTS WITH COPD DID NOT DIFFER, WHILE THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER. IN COPD PATIENTS AGED 34-59 YEARS, THE LEVEL OF LMDNA WAS REDUCED BY MORE THAN 7 TIMES, AND IN COPD PATIENTS WHO SURVIVED TO 60-80 YEARS, IT WAS 3 TIMES LOWER COMPARED TO THE VALUE OF THIS BIOCHEMICAL INDICATOR IN HEALTHY DONORS OF THE SAME AGE. THE REDUCTION OF LMDNA REFLECTED A REDUCED SYSTEMIC APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE BODY OF PATIENTS WITH COPD. A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION OF LMDNA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD AND CNONB IN REMISSION CAN BE USED FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. AN INCREASE IN THE LOW LEVEL OF LMDNA IN COPD PATIENTS DURING AGING MAY INDICATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN LIFE EXTENSION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10 2674  35 ETHOSUXIMIDE REDUCES EPILEPTOGENESIS AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITY IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY. PURPOSE: ETHOSUXIMIDE (ESX) IS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR THE SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT OF ABSENCE SEIZURES. CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX HAS BEEN REPORTED TO HAVE DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE WAG/RIJ RAT MODEL OF GENETIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (GGE) WITH ABSENCE SEIZURES. HERE WE EXAMINED WHETHER CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH ESX (1) POSSESSES ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS IN THE GENETIC ABSENCE EPILEPSY RATS FROM STRASBOURG (GAERS) MODEL OF GGE, (2) IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES, AND (3) INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION IN THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX REGION WHERE SEIZURES ARE THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE. METHODS: GAERS AND NONEPILEPTIC CONTROL (NEC) RATS WERE CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH ESX (IN DRINKING WATER) OR CONTROL (TAP WATER) FROM 3 TO 22 WEEKS OF AGE. SUBSEQUENTLY, ALL ANIMALS RECEIVED TAP WATER ONLY FOR ANOTHER 12 WEEKS TO ASSESS ENDURING EFFECTS OF TREATMENT. SEIZURE FREQUENCY AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE SERIALLY ASSESSED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENTAL PARADIGM. TREATMENT EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF KEY COMPONENTS OF THE EPIGENETIC MOLECULAR MACHINERY, THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYMES, WERE ASSESSED USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR). KEY FINDINGS: ESX TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED SEIZURES IN GAERS DURING THE TREATMENT PHASE, AND THIS EFFECT WAS MAINTAINED DURING THE 12-WEEK POSTTREATMENT PHASE (P < 0.05). FURTHERMORE, THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS PRESENT IN GAERS WERE REDUCED BY ESX TREATMENT (P < 0.05). MOLECULAR ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT ESX TREATMENT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) IN CORTEX. SIGNIFICANCE: CHRONIC ESX TREATMENT HAS DISEASE-MODIFYING EFFECTS IN THE GAERS MODEL OF GGE, WITH ANTIEPILEPTOGENIC EFFECTS AGAINST ABSENCE SEIZURES AND MITIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES. THE CELLULAR MECHANISM FOR THESE EFFECTS MAY INVOLVE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11 4360  33 MIR-6769B-5P TARGETS CCND-1 TO REGULATE PROLIFERATION IN CADMIUM-TREATED PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS: ASSOCIATION WITH THE IMPAIRMENT OF FETAL GROWTH. ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM (CD) IS POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH PLACENTAL IMPAIRMENT AND FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION. NEVERTHELESS, ITS POTENTIAL MECHANISMS REMAIN UNCLEAR. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KNOWN TO INFLUENCE PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND FETAL GROWTH. THIS WORK WAS AIMED TO DETERMINE WHICH MIRNAS ARE INVOLVED IN CD-IMPAIRED PLACENTAL AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE MRNA AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES ANALYSIS. AS A RESULT, GESTATIONAL CD EXPOSURE DECEASED FETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT, AND REDUCED THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF PCNA IN HUMAN AND MOUSE PLACENTAE. FURTHERMORE, THE RESULTS OF MRNA MICROARRAY SHOWED THAT CD-DOWNREGULATED MRNAS WERE PREDICTIVELY CORRELATED WITH SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING CELL PROLIFERATION, DIFFERENTIATION AND MOTILITY. IN ADDITION, THE RESULTS OF MIRNA MICROARRAY AND QPCR ASSAY DEMONSTRATED THAT CD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE LEVEL OF MIR-6769B-5P, MIR-146B-5P AND MIR-452-5P. INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF CD-UPREGULATED MIRNAS PREDICTED TARGET GENES AND CD-DOWNREGULATED MRNAS FOUND THAT OVERLAPPING MRNAS, SUCH AS CCND1, CDK13, RINT1 AND CDC26 WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CELL PROLIFERATION. FURTHER EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT MIR-6769B-5P INHIBITOR, BUT NOT MIR-146B-5P AND MIR-452-5P, MARKEDLY REVERSED CD-DOWNREGULATED THE EXPRESSION OF PROLIFERATION-RELATED MRNAS, AND THEREBY RESTORED CD-DECREASED THE PROTEINS LEVEL OF CCND1 AND PCNA IN HUMAN PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS. DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY FURTHER REVEALED THAT MIR-6769B-5P DIRECTLY TARGETS CCND1. FINALLY, THE CASE-CONTROL STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT INCREASED MIR-6769B-5P LEVEL AND IMPAIRED CELL PROLIFERATION WERE OBSERVED IN SMALL-FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE HUMAN PLACENTAE. IN CONCLUSION, MIR-6769B-5P TARGETS CCND-1 TO REGULATE PROLIFERATION IN CD-TREATED PLACENTAL TROPHOBLASTS, WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPAIRMENT OF FETAL GROWTH. OUR FINDINGS IMPLY THAT PLACENTAL MIR-6769B-5P MAY BE USED AS AN EPIGENETIC MARKER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS-CAUSED FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION AND ITS LATE-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                        
12 1298  32 DECREASED NUCLEAR RECEPTOR ACTIVITY AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION ASSOCIATES WITH DOWN-REGULATION OF HEPATIC DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) REQUIRE MANY MEDICATIONS. CYP2C AND CYP3A DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN DETERMINING THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE MAJORITY OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS. THESE ENZYMES ARE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY REGULATED BY THE NUCLEAR RECEPTORS PREGNANE X RECEPTOR (PXR) AND HEPATIC NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA (HNF-4ALPHA). EXPRESSION OF CYP2C AND CYP3A IS DECREASED IN CKD; HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THIS OCCURS IS UNKNOWN. WE INDUCED CKD IN RATS BY 5/6 NEPHRECTOMY AND USED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP) TO DETERMINE NUCLEAR RECEPTOR- AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATION-MEDIATED DIFFERENCES IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE CYP2C AND CYP3A GENES. RNA POLYMERASE II AND HNF-4ALPHA BINDING WAS DECREASED 76 AND 57% IN THE CYP2C11 PROMOTOR AND 71 AND 77% IN THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER, RESPECTIVELY (P<0.05). CHIP ALSO REVEALED A 57% DECREASE IN PXR BINDING TO THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER IN CKD RATS (P<0.05). THE DECREASE IN PXR AND HNF-4ALPHA BINDING WAS ACCOMPANIED BY DIMINISHED HISTONE 4 ACETYLATION IN THE CYP3A2 PROMOTER (48%) AND HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION IN THE CYP2C11 (77%) AND CYP3A2 (77%) PROMOTER LOCI FOR NUCLEAR RECEPTOR ACTIVATION (P<0.05). THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT DECREASED NUCLEAR RECEPTOR BINDING AND HISTONE ACETYLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE MECHANISM OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYME DOWN-REGULATION AND ALTERED PHARMACOKINETICS IN CKD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13 1335  29 DERMAL FIBROBLASTS CULTURED FROM DONORS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS RETAIN AN EPIGENETIC MEMORY ASSOCIATED WITH POOR WOUND HEALING RESPONSES. THE PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) IS ESCALATING GLOBALLY. PATIENTS SUFFER FROM MULTIPLE COMPLICATIONS INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDS THAT CAN LEAD TO AMPUTATION. THESE WOUNDS ARE CHARACTERISED BY AN INFLAMMATORY ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING ELEVATED TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA). DERMAL FIBROBLASTS (DF) ARE CRITICAL FOR EFFECTIVE WOUND HEALING, SO WE SOUGHT TO ESTABLISH WHETHER THERE WERE ANY DIFFERENCES IN DF CULTURED FROM T2DM DONORS OR THOSE WITHOUT DIABETES (ND-DF). ND- AND T2DM-DF WHEN CULTURED SIMILARLY IN VITRO SECRETED COMPARABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF TNF-ALPHA. FUNCTIONALLY, PRE-TREATMENT WITH TNF-ALPHA REDUCED THE PROLIFERATION OF ND-DF AND TRANSIENTLY ALTERED ND-DF MORPHOLOGY; HOWEVER, T2DM-DF WERE RESISTANT TO THESE TNF-ALPHA INDUCED CHANGES. IN CONTRAST, TNF-ALPHA INHIBITED ND- AND T2DM-DF MIGRATION AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEASE EXPRESSION TO THE SAME DEGREE, ALTHOUGH T2DM-DF EXPRESSED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER LEVELS OF TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEASES (TIMP)-2. FINALLY, TNF-ALPHA SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED THE SECRETION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (INCLUDING CCL2, CXCL1 AND SERPINE1) IN ND-DF, WHILST THIS EFFECT IN T2DM-DF WAS BLUNTED, PRESUMABLY DUE TO THE TENDENCY TO HIGHER BASELINE PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE EXPRESSION OBSERVED IN THIS CELL TYPE. COLLECTIVELY, THESE DATA DEMONSTRATE THAT T2DM-DF EXHIBIT A SELECTIVE LOSS OF RESPONSIVENESS TO TNF-ALPHA, PARTICULARLY REGARDING PROLIFERATIVE AND SECRETORY FUNCTIONS. THIS HIGHLIGHTS IMPORTANT PHENOTYPIC CHANGES IN T2DM-DF THAT MAY EXPLAIN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CHRONIC WOUNDS IN THESE PATIENTS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
14 2761  26 EXPRESSION OF TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES, TEX101 AND ODF4, IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND EVALUATION OF TEX101 IMMUNOGENICITY. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CANCER-TESTIS (CT) ANTIGENS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIGENS WITH A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES, EXCEPT TESTIS, AND THEY HAVE ABERRANT EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TUMORS. THIS PATTERN OF EXPRESSION HAS MADE THEM PROMISING TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER DETECTION. OUR AIM WAS TO FIND NEW MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL AS MARKERS IN THE DETECTION OF CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. DESIGN AND SETTING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN REFERRAL CENTERS OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FROM JANUARY 2008 TO JANUARY 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES NAMED ODF4 (OUTER DENSE FIBER OF SPERM TAILS 4) AND TEX101 (TESTIS EXPRESSED 101) IN 20 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) AND 20 NORMAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND SEQUENCING. IMMUNOGENICITY OF TEX101 WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS: THESE TWO GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN 30% OF CML PATIENTS BUT NOT IN ANY OF THE HEALTHY DONORS. HUMORAL RESPONSE AGAINST TEX101 WAS NOT DETECTED IN ANY SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: TEX101 AND ODF4 ARE CT GENES USEFUL FOR DETECTION OF CML. UNLIKE MANY CT GENES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 WAS NOT SHOWN TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES IN THESE SAMPLES. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS STUDIES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 LEADS TO SUPPRESSION OF CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS; THUS, THE INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF TEX101 IN CANCER BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE A TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
15 2758  25 EXPRESSION OF HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS GENES AND RELATED REGULATORY MICRORNAS IN UTERUS AND OVARIES OF DDT-TREATED FEMALE RATS. THE INSECTICIDE DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE (DDT) IS A NONMUTAGENIC XENOBIOTIC COMPOUND ABLE TO EXERT ESTROGEN-LIKE EFFECTS RESULTING IN ACTIVATION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA (ERALPHA) FOLLOWED BY CHANGED EXPRESSION OF ITS DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. IN ADDITION, STUDIES PERFORMED OVER RECENT YEARS SUGGEST THAT DDT MAY ALSO INFLUENCE EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS. HOWEVER, AN IMPACT OF DDT ON EXPRESSION OF ER, MICRORNAS, AND RELATED TARGET GENES HAS NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. HERE, USING REAL-TIME PCR, WE ASSESSED CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF KEY GENES INVOLVED IN HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS AS WELL AS POTENTIALLY RELATED REGULATORY ONCOGENIC/TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNAS AND THEIR TARGET GENES IN THE UTERUS AND OVARIES OF FEMALE WISTAR RATS DURING SINGLE AND CHRONIC MULTIPLE-DOSE DDT EXPOSURE. WE FOUND THAT APPLYING DDT RESULTS IN ALTERED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS-221, -222, -205, -126A, AND -429, THEIR TARGET GENES (PTEN, DICER1), AS WELL AS GENES INVOLVED IN HORMONAL CARCINOGENESIS (ESR1, PGR, CCND1, CYP19A1). NOTABLY, CYP19A1 EXPRESSION SEEMS TO BE ALSO REGULATED BY MICRORNAS-221, -222, AND -205. THE DATA SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC EFFECTS INDUCED BY DDT AS A POTENTIAL CARCINOGEN MAY BE BASED ON AT LEAST TWO MECHANISMS: (I) ACTIVATION OF ERALPHA FOLLOWED BY ALTERED EXPRESSION OF THE TARGET GENES ENCODING RECEPTOR PGR AND CCND1 AS WELL AS IMPAIRED EXPRESSION OF CYP19A1, AFFECTING, THEREBY, CELL HORMONE BALANCE; AND (II) CHANGED EXPRESSION OF MICRORNAS RESULTING IN IMPAIRED EXPRESSION OF RELATED TARGET GENES INCLUDING REDUCED LEVEL OF CYP19A1 MRNA.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16 5205  32 PRENATAL STRESS CHANGES THE GLYCOPROTEIN GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RAT OFFSPRING BRAIN. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) EXERTS STRONG IMPACT ON FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ON ADULT OFFSPRING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC STRESS ALTERS THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF GPM6A, A NEURONAL GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN FILOPODIUM EXTENSION. IN THIS WORK, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF PS ON GPM6A EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS RECEIVED RESTRAINT STRESS DURING THE LAST WEEK OF GESTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE SACRIFICED ON POSTNATAL DAYS 28 AND 60. HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION (QPCR FOR MRNAS AND MICRORNAS), METHYLATION STATUS (BISULFITE CONVERSION) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CULTURE WERE USED TO ANALYZE MICRORNA OVEREXPRESSION EFFECTS. PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN GPM6A LEVELS IN BOTH TISSUES AND AT BOTH AGES ANALYZED, INDICATING A PERSISTENT EFFECT. TWO CPG ISLANDS IN THE GPM6A GENE WERE IDENTIFIED. VARIATIONS IN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AT THREE SPECIFIC CPGS WERE FOUND IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT NOT IN PFC SAMPLES FROM PS OFFSPRING. MICRORNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET GPM6A WERE IDENTIFIED IN SILICO. QPCR MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT PS MODIFIED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MICRORNAS IN BOTH TISSUES, BEING MICRORNA-133B THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED. FURTHER STUDIES OVEREXPRESSING THIS MICRORNA IN NEURONAL CULTURES SHOWED A REDUCTION IN GMP6A MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL. MOREOVER FILOPODIUM DENSITY WAS ALSO REDUCED, SUGGESTING THAT GPM6A FUNCTION WAS AFFECTED. GESTATIONAL STRESS AFFECTED GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION IN OFFSPRING LIKELY THROUGH CHANGES IN METHYLATION STATUS AND IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MICRORNAS. THUS, OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE GPM6A AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING PRENATAL STRESS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17  984  37 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
18 3237  35 HEPATIC COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTS MICE FROM AN ALCOHOL-HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDER BY INVOLVING PROTEIN ACETYLATION RELATED ENERGY METABOLISM. PURPOSE: A DIET HIGH IN FAT AND ETHANOL OFTEN RESULTS IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDER, HEPATIC STEATOSIS, AND LIVER INFLAMMATION. CONSTITUTIVE HEPATIC CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) EXPRESSION COULD PROTECT FROM HIGH FAT-INDUCED METABOLISM DISTURBANCE IN A MURINE MODEL. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXPLORED THE INFLUENCE OF HCOX-2 TRANSGENIC [TG] TO HIGH FAT WITH ETHANOL-INDUCED METABOLIC DISORDER AND LIVER INJURY USING A MOUSE ANIMAL MODEL. METHODS: 12-WEEK-OLD MALE HEPATIC HCOX-2 TRANSGENIC (TG) OR WILD TYPE MICE (WT) WERE FED EITHER A HIGH FAT AND ETHANOL LIQUID DIET (HF+ETH) OR A REGULAR CONTROL DIET (RCD) FOR 5 WEEKS (FOUR GROUPS: RCD/WT, RCD/TG; HF+ETH/TG, HF+ETH/WT). WE ASSESSED METABOLIC BIOMARKERS, CYTOKINE PROFILES, HISTOMORPHOLOGY, AND GENE EXPRESSION TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF PERSISTENT HEPATIC COX-2 EXPRESSION ON DIET-INDUCED LIVER INJURY. RESULTS: IN THE HF+ETH DIET, CONSTITUTIVELY HEPATIC HUMAN COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTS MICE FROM BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE ACCUMULATION, ACCOMPANIED BY IMPROVED IPGTT RESPONSE, SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE/CHOLESTEROL LEVELS, AND LOWER LEVELS OF SERUM AND LIVER INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES. HISTOLOGICALLY, HCOX-2 MICE SHOWED DECREASED HEPATIC LIPID DROPLETS ACCUMULATION, DECREASED HEPATOCYTE BALLOONING, AND IMPROVED STEATOSIS SCORES. HEPATIC HCOX-2 OVEREXPRESSION ENHANCED AKT INSULIN SIGNALING AND INCREASED FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IN BOTH RCD AND HF+ETH DIET GROUPS. THE ANTI-LIPOGENIC EFFECT OF HCOX-2 TG IN THE HF+ETH DIET ANIMALS WAS MEDIATED BY INCREASING LIPID DISPOSAL THROUGH ENHANCED BETA-OXIDATION VIA ELEVATIONS IN THE EXPRESSION OF PPARALPHA AND PPARGAMMA, AND INCREASED HEPATIC AUTOPHAGY AS ASSESSED BY THE RATIO OF AUTOPHAGY MARKERS LC3 II/I IN HEPATIC TISSUE. VARIOUS PROTEIN ACETYLATION PATHWAY COMPONENTS, INCLUDING HAT, HDAC1, SIRT1, AND SNAIL1, WERE MODULATED IN HCOX-2 TG MICE IN EITHER RCD OR HF+ETH DIET. CONCLUSIONS: HEPATIC HUMAN COX-2 EXPRESSION PROTECTED MICE FROM THE METABOLIC DISORDER AND LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY A HIGH FAT AND ETHANOL DIET BY ENHANCING HEPATIC LIPID EXPENDITURE. EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF DIVERSE METABOLIC GENES MIGHT BE INVOLVED IN THE ANTI-LIPOGENIC EFFECT OF COX-2.	2021	
                                  
19 3494  29 IDENTIFICATION OF MICRORNAS WITH DYSREGULATED EXPRESSION IN STATUS EPILEPTICUS INDUCED EPILEPTOGENESIS. THE INVOLVEMENT OF MIRNA IN MESIAL TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY (MTLE) PATHOGENESIS HAS INCREASINGLY BECOME A FOCUS OF EPIGENETIC STUDIES. DESPITE ADVANCES, THE NUMBER OF KNOWN MIRNAS WITH A CONSISTENT EXPRESSION RESPONSE DURING EPILEPTOGENESIS IS STILL SMALL. ADDRESSING THIS SITUATION REQUIRES ADDITIONAL MIRNA PROFILING STUDIES COUPLED TO DETAILED INDIVIDUAL EXPRESSION ANALYSES. HERE, WE PERFORM A MIRNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF WISTAR RATS 24 HOURS AFTER INTRA-HIPPOCAMPAL PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS (H-PILO SE). WE IDENTIFIED 73 MIRNAS THAT UNDERGO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES, OF WHICH 36 WERE UP-REGULATED AND 37 WERE DOWN-REGULATED. TO VALIDATE, WE SELECTED 5 OF THESE (10A-5P, 128A-3P, 196B-5P, 352 AND 324-3P) FOR RT-QPCR ANALYSIS. OUR RESULTS CONFIRMED THAT MIR-352 AND 196B-5P LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AND MIR-128A-3P LEVELS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF H-PILO SE RATS. WE ALSO EVALUATED WHETHER THE 3 MIRNAS SHOW A DYSREGULATED HIPPOCAMPAL EXPRESSION AT THREE TIME PERIODS (0H, 24H AND CHRONIC PHASE) AFTER SYSTEMIC PILOCARPINE-INDUCED STATUS EPILEPTICUS (S-PILO SE). WE DEMONSTRATE THAT MIR-128A-3P TRANSCRIPTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED AT ALL TIME POINTS COMPARED TO THE NAIVE GROUP. MOREOVER, MIR-196B-5P WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ONLY AT 24H POST-SE, WHILE MIR-352 TRANSCRIPTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED AFTER 24H AND IN CHRONIC PHASE (EPILEPTIC) RATS. FINALLY, WHEN WE COMPARED HIPPOCAMPI OF EPILEPTIC AND NON-EPILEPTIC HUMANS, WE OBSERVED THAT TRANSCRIPT LEVELS OF MIRNAS SHOW SIMILAR TRENDS TO THE ANIMAL MODELS. IN SUMMARY, WE SUCCESSFULLY IDENTIFIED TWO NOVEL DYSREGULATED MIRNAS (196B-5P AND 352) AND CONFIRMED MIR-128A-3P DOWNREGULATION IN SE-INDUCED EPILEPTOGENESIS. FURTHER FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS ARE REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THESE MIRNAS IN MTLE PATHOGENESIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20 2896  25 GASTRIC ENTEROCHROMAFFIN-LIKE CELL HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASIA IN THE RAT: AN INDIRECT EFFECT OF THE HISTAMINE H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, BL-6341. ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF BL-6341 HYDROCHLORIDE, A LONG-ACTING HISTAMINE H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, TO RATS FOR 2 YEARS AT DOSES OF 10, 55 OR 300 MG/KG/DAY RESULTED IN SEVERAL CHANGES IN THE FUNDIC (OXYNTIC) MUCOSA OF THE GLANDULAR STOMACH. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ALTERATION WAS A PROLIFERATION OF ARGYROPHIL ENDOCRINE CELLS THAT WAS DEMONSTRATED TO BE ENTEROCHROMAFFIN-LIKE (ECL) CELLS. THE ECL CELL PROLIFERATION CONSISTED OF A CONTINUUM OF CHANGES INVOLVING DIFFUSE HYPERPLASIA, FOCAL ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA, AND CARCINOID TUMOR FORMATION AT THE HIGHEST DOSE LEVEL OF 300 MG/KG. AT 55 MG/KG ONLY ECL CELL HYPERPLASIA OCCURRED, AND AT THE LOW DOSE OF 10 MG/KG THERE WERE NO REMARKABLE PROLIFERATIVE CHANGES. THE REFERENCE COMPOUND, CIMETIDINE (950 MG/KG), PRODUCED A DEGREE OF ECL CELL PROLIFERATION THAT WAS SLIGHTLY LESS, BUT NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT THAN, THAT OBSERVED WITH 55 MG/KG OF BL-6341. DOSE-RELATED ELEVATIONS OF SERUM GASTRIN WERE OBSERVED WITH BL-6341, WHILE CIMETIDINE PRODUCED HYPERGASTRINEMIA THAT WAS GENERALLY INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THAT PRODUCED BY THE MIDDLE AND LOW DOSES OF BL-6341. THE HYPERGASTRINEMIA RESULTED FROM THE PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF ACID SECRETION, WHICH IS THE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE PRODUCTION OF GASTRIN. ONLY THE 300 MG/KG DOSE OF BL-6341 PRODUCED A SIGNIFICANT, SUSTAINED (24 HOURS) HYPERGASTRINEMIA AND CARCINOID TUMORS. THE CHRONIC, SUSTAINED HYPERGASTRINEMIA WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THE ECL CELL CARCINOID NEOPLASIA. ALL GENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTS PERFORMED WITH BL-6341 WERE NEGATIVE. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE DEMONSTRATED HYPERGASTRINEMIA REPRESENTS AN INDIRECT, HORMONAL, EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF TUMORIGENESIS.	1988