1  749 158 CARDIAC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN VEGF SIGNALING GENES ASSOCIATE WITH MYOCARDIAL MICROVASCULAR RAREFACTION IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS COMMON IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND OFTEN RESULTS IN LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION (LVDD). HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR CARDIAC DAMAGE IN CKD-LVDD REMAIN TO BE ELUCIDATED. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS MAY IMPOSE LONG-LASTING EFFECTS ON CELLULAR TRANSCRIPTION AND FUNCTION, BUT THEIR EXACT ROLE IN CKD-LVDD IS UNKNOWN. WE INVESTIGATE WHETHER CHANGES IN CARDIAC SITE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION PROFILES MIGHT BE IMPLICATED IN CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN CKD-LVDD. CKD-LVDD AND NORMAL CONTROL PIGS (N = 6 EACH) WERE STUDIED FOR 14 WK. RENAL AND CARDIAC HEMODYNAMICS WERE QUANTIFIED BY MULTIDETECTOR CT AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. IN RANDOMLY SELECTED PIGS (N = 3/GROUP), CARDIAC SITE-SPECIFIC 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5MC) IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (MEDIP)- AND MRNA-SEQUENCING (SEQ) WERE PERFORMED, FOLLOWED BY INTEGRATED (MEDIP-SEQ/MRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS), AND CONFIRMATORY EX VIVO STUDIES. MEDIP-SEQ ANALYSIS REVEALED 261 GENES WITH HIGHER (FOLD CHANGE > 1.4; P < 0.05) AND 162 GENES WITH LOWER (FOLD CHANGE < 0.7; P < 0.05) 5MC LEVELS IN CKD-LVDD VERSUS NORMAL PIGS, WHICH WERE PRIMARILY IMPLICATED IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF)-RELATED SIGNALING AND ANGIOGENESIS. INTEGRATED MEDIP-SEQ/MRNA-SEQ ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED A SELECT GROUP OF VEGF-RELATED GENES IN WHICH 5MC LEVELS WERE HIGHER, BUT MRNA EXPRESSION WAS LOWER IN CKD-LVDD VERSUS NORMAL PIGS. CARDIAC VEGF SIGNALING GENE AND VEGF PROTEIN EXPRESSION WERE BLUNTED IN CKD-LVDD COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND WERE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED SUBENDOCARDIAL MICROVASCULAR DENSITY. CARDIAC EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN VEGF-RELATED GENES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED ANGIOGENESIS AND CARDIAC MICROVASCULAR RAREFACTION IN SWINE CKD-LVDD. THESE OBSERVATIONS MAY ASSIST IN DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPIES TO AMELIORATE CARDIAC DAMAGE IN CKD-LVDD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) OFTEN LEADS TO LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION (LVDD) AND HEART FAILURE. USING A NOVEL TRANSLATIONAL SWINE MODEL OF CKD-LVDD, WE CHARACTERIZE THE CARDIAC EPIGENETIC LANDSCAPE, IDENTIFYING SITE-SPECIFIC 5-METHYLCYTOSINE CHANGES IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF)-RELATED GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED ANGIOGENESIS AND CARDIAC MICROVASCULAR RAREFACTION. THESE OBSERVATIONS SHED LIGHT ON THE MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC MICROVASCULAR DAMAGE IN CKD-LVDD AND MAY ASSIST IN DEVELOPING NOVEL THERAPIES FOR THESE PATIENTS.	2023	

2 5441  59 RENAL ISCHEMIA ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILE OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN SWINE SCATTERED TUBULAR-LIKE CELLS. BACKGROUND: SCATTERED TUBULAR-LIKE CELLS (STCS) ARE DIFFERENTIATED RENAL TUBULAR CELLS THAT DURING RECOVERY FROM ISCHEMIC INJURY DEDIFFERENTIATE TO REPAIR OTHER INJURED RENAL CELLS. RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS (RAS), OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY INJURY, COMPROMISES THE INTEGRITY AND FUNCTION OF STCS, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS REMAIN UNKNOWN. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT RAS ALTERS THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC PROFILE OF INFLAMMATORY GENES IN SWINE STCS. METHODS: STCS WERE HARVESTED FROM PIG KIDNEYS AFTER 10 WEEKS OF RAS OR SHAM (N=6 EACH). STC MRNA PROFILES OF INFLAMMATORY GENES WERE ANALYZED USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT MRNA-SEQUENCING (SEQ) AND THEIR DNA METHYLATION (5MC) AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION (5HMC) PROFILES BY DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING (MEDIP-SEQ) (N=3 EACH), FOLLOWED BY AN INTEGRATED (MRNA-SEQ/MEDIP-SEQ) ANALYSIS. STC PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF CANDIDATE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED (DE) GENES AND COMMON PROINFLAMMATORY PROTEINS WERE SUBSEQUENTLY ASSESSED IN VITRO BEFORE AND AFTER EPIGENETIC (BOBCAT339) MODULATION. RESULTS: MRNA-SEQ IDENTIFIED 57 INFLAMMATORY GENES UP-REGULATED IN RAS-STCS VERSUS NORMAL-STCS (>1.4 OR <0.7-FOLD, P<0.05), OF WHICH 14% EXHIBITED LOWER 5MC AND 5% HIGHER 5HMC LEVELS IN RAS-STCS VERSUS NORMAL-STCS, RESPECTIVELY. INFLAMMATORY GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION WAS HIGHER IN RAS-STCS COMPARED WITH NORMAL-STCS BUT NORMALIZED AFTER EPIGENETIC MODULATION. CONCLUSIONS: THESE OBSERVATIONS HIGHLIGHT A NOVEL MODULATORY MECHANISM OF THIS RENAL ENDOGENOUS REPAIR SYSTEM AND SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT OF EPIGENETIC OR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPIES TO PRESERVE THE REPARATIVE CAPACITY OF STCS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH RAS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
3 3468  47 HYPOXIA-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PRO-FIBROTIC PHENOTYPE. BACKGROUND: PULMONARY FIBROSIS IS A DEBILITATING AND LETHAL DISEASE WITH NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS. UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT PLAY WILL DIRECT THE APPLICATION OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES. HYPOXIA HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY FIBROSIS YET THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH IT CONTRIBUTES TO DISEASE PROGRESSION REMAINS TO BE FULLY ELUCIDATED. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA CAN ALTER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN TUMOUR-DERIVED CELL LINES. THIS EPIGENETIC ALTERATION CAN INDUCE CHANGES IN CELLULAR PHENOTYPE WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION BEING ASSOCIATED WITH GENE SILENCING. OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE TO IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF) IS THE OBSERVATION THAT THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MYOFIBROBLAST PHENOTYPE WHERE LOSS OF THY-1 OCCURS ALONGSIDE INCREASED ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA) EXPRESSION. THE INITIAL AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HYPOXIA REGULATES DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS (CCD19LU). AS IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT HYPOXIA SUPPRESSES THY-1 EXPRESSION DURING LUNG DEVELOPMENT WE ALSO STUDIED THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: CCD19LU WERE GROWN FOR UP TO 8 DAYS IN HYPOXIA AND ASSESSED FOR GLOBAL CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION USING FLOW CYTOMETRY. REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO QUANTIFY EXPRESSION OF THY-1, ALPHA-SMA, COLLAGEN I AND III. GENOMIC DNA WAS BISULPHITE TREATED AND METHYLATION SPECIFIC PCR (MSPCR) WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE THY-1 PROMOTER. RESULTS: SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN HYPOXIC FIBROBLASTS RELATIVE TO NORMOXIC CONTROLS AND WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF MYOFIBROBLAST MARKERS. THY-1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS SUPPRESSED IN HYPOXIC CELLS, WHICH WAS RESTORED WITH THE DEMETHYLATING AGENT 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. MSPCR REVEALED THAT THY-1 BECAME METHYLATED FOLLOWING FIBROBLAST EXPOSURE TO 1% O2. CONCLUSION: THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FIBROBLAST FUNCTION IN HYPOXIA.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
4  658  32 BLOOD DNA METHYLATION PREDICTS DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN HIGH FAT DIET-FED MICE. DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE (DKD) PROGRESSES AT DIFFERENT RATES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2D). EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER RISK OF DKD PROGRESSION IS ESSENTIAL TO IMPROVE PROGNOSIS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLATION, HAVE BEEN INDEPENDENTLY IMPLICATED IN T2D AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. THE CURRENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE CHANGES IN BLOOD DNA METHYLATION THAT REFLECTS AND PREDICTS DKD PROGRESSION. C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) FROM WEANING AND SUBCLASSIFIED INTO TWO GROUPS, HFD-1 AND HFD-2, ACCORDING TO URINARY KIDNEY INJURY MARKER KIM-1/CREATININE RATIOS (LOW VS. HIGH) AND HISTOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES (MILD-MODERATE VS. ADVANCED). DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE DETERMINED BY REDUCED REPRESENTATIVE BISULFIDE SEQUENCING (RRBS). OUR RESULTS CONFIRMED EARLY AND ESTABLISHED DKD AT WEEK 9 AND WEEK 32, RESPECTIVELY. AT WEEK 32, ADVANCED KIDNEY INJURY WAS ASSOCIATED WITH DYSREGULATION OF METHYLATION AND DEMETHYLATION ENZYMES IN THE KIDNEY. BLOOD RRBS REVEALED 579 AND 203 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES (DMS) BETWEEN HFD-1 AND HFD-2 ANIMALS AT WEEK 32 AND WEEK 9, RESPECTIVELY, AMONG WHICH 11 WERE COMMON. THE DMS IN BLOOD AND KIDNEY AT WEEK 32 WERE BOTH RELATED TO ORGAN DEVELOPMENT, NEUROGENESIS, CELL JUNCTION, AND WNT SIGNALLING, WHILE THE DMS IN BLOOD AT WEEK 9 SUGGESTED A SPECIFIC ENRICHMENT OF KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES. IN CONCLUSION, OUR DATA STRONGLY SUPPORT THE IMPLICATION OF EARLY BLOOD DNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS AND DKD PROGRESSION IN T2D THAT COULD BE USED TO IMPROVE THE DISEASE'S PROGNOSTICATION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5 2776  40 EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MALE RATS: THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IS CONSIDERED AS A CRITICAL TIME WINDOW FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LONG-TERM METABOLIC STATES AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS. EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (EUGR) CAUSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL DISADVANTAGES DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD ON PULMONARY VASCULAR CONSEQUENCES IN LATER LIFE ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION MEDIATES THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF THIS EARLY POSTNATAL EVENT. METHODS AND RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ISOLATED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY MAGNETIC-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING FROM EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. A POSTNATAL INSULT, NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION-INDUCED EUGR CAUSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNE PRECIPITATION CHIP, GENOME-SCALE MAPPING STUDIES TO SEARCH FOR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN CONTROL AND EUGR RATS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CYTOSINE METHYLATION BETWEEN EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. EUGR CHANGES THE CYTOSINE METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCI IN MALE RATS AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE, PRECEDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THESE REPRESENT THE CANDIDATE LOCI FOR MEDIATING THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE THAT OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES SHOWED THAT HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT-ASSOCIATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE LATE-DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES. WE VALIDATED CANDIDATE DYSREGULATED LOCI WITH THE QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSIONS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION IS A STRONG MECHANISM FOR PROPAGATING THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF EARLY POSTNATAL EVENTS, CAUSING CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND LONG-TERM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, AND FURTHER PROVIDING A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EUGR-RELATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
6 3764  42 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA IDENTIFIES EPAS1 AS A KEY REGULATOR OF COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE. GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE KNOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO COPD RISK AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. THEREFORE WE DEVELOPED A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY REGULATORS OF COPD THAT INTEGRATES GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND PHENOTYPE DATA IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD AND CONTROL SAMPLES. OUR INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 126 KEY REGULATORS OF COPD. WE IDENTIFIED EPAS1 AS THE ONLY KEY REGULATOR WHOSE DOWNSTREAM GENES SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH MULTIPLE GENES SETS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD DISEASE SEVERITY. EPAS1 IS DISTINCT IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER KEY REGULATORS IN TERMS OF METHYLATION PROFILE AND DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. GENES PREDICTED TO BE REGULATED BY EPAS1 WERE ENRICHED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING SIGNALING, CELL COMMUNICATIONS, AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. WE CONFIRMED THAT EPAS1 PROTEIN LEVELS ARE LOWER IN HUMAN COPD LUNG TISSUE COMPARED TO NON-DISEASE CONTROLS AND THAT EPAS1 GENE EXPRESSION IS REDUCED IN MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. AS EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, WE TESTED EPAS1 FUNCTION IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. EPAS1 KNOCKDOWN BY SIRNA IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IMPACTED GENES THAT SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES IN LUNG TISSUE INCLUDING HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES, AND GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY. OUR FIRST INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES ILLUSTRATES THAT NOT ONLY DOES DNA METHYLATION PLAY A 'CAUSAL' ROLE IN THE MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD, BUT IT CAN BE LEVERAGED TO DIRECTLY IDENTIFY NOVEL KEY MEDIATORS OF THIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7 3390  35 HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS INDUCED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY. PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) HAVE TO TAKE AN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) FOR LIFE AND SHOW NONCOMMUNICABLE ILLNESSES SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, AND MULTIORGAN DYSREGULATION. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT LONG-TERM USE OF ART INDUCES COMORBID CONDITIONS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE IN PLWH. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS (ARVS) INDUCED HEART FAILURE IS UNCLEAR. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISM OF ARVS INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION, WE PERFORMED GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING OF ARVS TREATED NEONATAL RAT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOCYTES IN CULTURE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY RNA-SEQUENCING. OUR DATA SHOW THAT ARVS TREATMENT CAUSES UPREGULATION OF SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOTOXICITY, HYPERTROPHY, AND HEART FAILURE. GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE VALIDATED IN CARDIAC TISSUE ISOLATED FROM HIV PATIENTS HAVING A HISTORY OF ART. INTERESTINGLY, WE FOUND THAT HOMEODOMAIN-ONLY PROTEIN HOMEOBOX (HOPX) EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN CARDIOMYOCYTES TREATED WITH ARVS AND IN THE HEART TISSUE OF HIV PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ARVS MEDIATED CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY. MECHANISTICALLY, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION, THROUGH DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE, WHILE THE HDAC INHIBITOR, TRICHOSTATIN A, CAN RESTORE THE ACETYLATION LEVEL OF HISTONE 3 IN THE PRESENCE OF ARVS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8 3296  44 HIGH RESOLUTION INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS REVEALS WIDESPREAD GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AFTER CHRONIC IN-VITRO ACID AND BILE EXPOSURE IN BARRETT'S EPITHELIUM CELLS. BARRETT'S EPITHELIUM (BE) IS A PREMALIGNANT CONDITION RESULTING FROM CHRONIC GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX THAT MAY PROGRESS TO ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA (EAC). EARLY INTERVENTION HOLDS PROMISE IN PREVENTING BE PROGRESSION. HOWEVER, IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-RISK BE PATIENTS REMAINS CHALLENGING DUE TO INADEQUATE BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS. WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECT OF PROLONGED CHRONIC ACID AND BILE EXPOSURE ON TRANSCRIPTOME, METHYLOME, AND MUTATOME OF CELLS IN AN IN-VITRO BE CARCINOGENESIS (BEC) MODEL. TWENTY WEEKS ACID AND BILE EXPOSED CELLS FROM THE BEC MODEL (BEC20W) WERE COMPARED WITH THEIR NAIVE PREDECESSORS HISEQ ILLUMINA BASED RNA SEQUENCING WAS PERFORMED ON RNA FROM BOTH THE CELLS FOR GENE EXPRESSION AND MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS. HELP TAGGING ASSAY WAS PERFORMED FOR DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS. INGENUITY PATHWAY, GENE ONTOLOGY, AND KEGG PATHWAY ANALYSES WERE THEN PERFORMED ON DATASETS. WIDESPREAD ABERRANT GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN THE BEC20W CELLS. COMBINATORIAL ANALYSES REVEALED 433 FROM A TOTAL OF 863 DOWNREGULATED GENES HAD ACCOMPANYING HYPERMETHYLATION OF PROMOTERS. SIMULTANEOUSLY, 690 GENES FROM A TOTAL OF 1,492 WERE UPREGULATED WITH ACCOMPANYING PROMOTER HYPOMETHYLATION. IN ADDITION, 763 MUTATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED ON 637 GENES. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS, GENE ONTOLOGY, AND KEGG PATHWAY ANALYSES ASSOCIATED THE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN BEC20W CELLS WITH CELLULAR AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. INTEGRATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF NAIVE BAR-T AND BEC20W CELLS REVEALED STRIKING GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY CHRONIC ACID AND BILE EXPOSURE THAT MAY DISRUPT NORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTIONS AND PROMOTE CARCINOGENESIS. THIS NOVEL STUDY REVEALS SEVERAL POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR FUTURE BIOMARKERS AND THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
9 1846  39 EFFECTS OF TWO TYPES OF ENERGY RESTRICTION ON METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1 AND LEPTIN RECEPTOR OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPT IN A MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOUR VIRUS-TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-ALPHA BREAST CANCER MOUSE MODEL. THE ROLE OF ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ENERGY RESTRICTION (ER) ON MAMMARY TUMOUR (MT) DEVELOPMENT. TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF ER ON THE METHYLATION LEVELS IN ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR 1 (ADIPOR1) AND LEPTIN RECEPTOR OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPT (LEPROT) GENES USING THE PYROSEQUENCING METHOD IN MAMMARY FAT PAD TISSUE, MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOUR VIRUS-TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-ALPHA (MMTV-TGF-ALPHA) FEMALE MICE WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO AD LIBITUM (AL), CHRONIC ER (CER, 15 % ER) OR INTERMITTENT ER (3 WEEKS AL AND 1 WEEK 60 % ER IN CYCLIC PERIODS) GROUPS AT 10 WEEKS OF AGE UNTIL 82 WEEKS OF AGE. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPOR1 IN THE CER GROUP WERE HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE AL GROUP AT WEEK 49/50 (P < 0.05), WHILE THE LEVELS OF METHYLATION FOR ADIPOR1 AND LEPROT GENES WERE SIMILAR AMONG THE OTHER GROUPS. ALSO, THE METHYLATION LEVELS AT CPG2 AND CPG3 REGIONS OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE ADIPOR1 GENE IN THE CER GROUP WERE THREE TIMES HIGHER (P < 0.05), WHILE CPG1 ISLAND OF LEPROT METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COMPARED WITH THE OTHER GROUPS (P < 0.05). ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE CONSISTENT WITH THE METHYLATION LEVELS. WE ALSO OBSERVED A CHANGE WITH AGEING IN METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE GENES. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT DIFFERENT TYPES OF ER MODIFY METHYLATION LEVELS OF ADIPOR1 AND LEPROT IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND CER HAD A MORE SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON METHYLATION LEVELS OF BOTH GENES. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THESE GENES MAY PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF ER AGAINST MT DEVELOPMENT AND AGEING PROCESSES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10 3858  31 ISCHEMIA-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION DURING KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PREDICTS CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY. BACKGROUND ISCHEMIA DURING KIDNEY TRANSPLANT CAUSES CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY AND ADVERSELY AFFECTS OUTCOME, BUT THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ARE INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. IN TUMORS, OXYGEN SHORTAGE REDUCES THE DNA DEMETHYLATING ACTIVITY OF THE TEN-11 TRANSLOCATION (TET) ENZYMES, YIELDING HYPERMETHYLATED GENOMES THAT PROMOTE TUMOR PROGRESSION. WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER ISCHEMIA SIMILARLY INDUCES DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS AND CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC INJURY.METHODS WE PROFILED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION IN THREE COHORTS OF BRAIN-DEAD DONOR KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT BIOPSY SPECIMENS: A LONGITUDINAL COHORT WITH PAIRED BIOPSY SPECIMENS OBTAINED AT ALLOGRAFT PROCUREMENT (PREISCHEMIA; N=13), AFTER IMPLANTATION AND REPERFUSION (POSTISCHEMIA; N=13), AND AT 3 OR 12 MONTHS AFTER TRANSPLANT (N=5 EACH); A CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT WITH PREIMPLANTATION BIOPSY SPECIMENS (N=82); AND A CROSS-SECTIONAL COHORT WITH POSTREPERFUSION BIOPSY SPECIMENS (N=46).RESULTS ANALYSIS OF THE PAIRED PREISCHEMIA AND POSTISCHEMIA SPECIMENS REVEALED THAT METHYLATION INCREASED DRASTICALLY IN ALL ALLOGRAFTS ON ISCHEMIA. HYPERMETHYLATION WAS CAUSED BY LOSS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE, THE PRODUCT OF TET ACTIVITY, AND IT WAS STABLE 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT. IN THE PREIMPLANTATION COHORT, CPG HYPERMETHYLATION DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH ISCHEMIA TIME AND FOR SOME CPGS, INCREASED 2.6% PER ADDITIONAL HOUR OF ISCHEMIA. HYPERMETHYLATION PREFERENTIALLY AFFECTED AND REDUCED THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN SUPPRESSING KIDNEY INJURY AND FIBROSIS. MOREOVER, CPG HYPERMETHYLATION IN PREIMPLANTATION SPECIMENS PREDICTED CHRONIC INJURY, PARTICULARLY FIBROSIS AND GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT. THIS FINDING WAS VALIDATED IN THE INDEPENDENT POSTREPERFUSION COHORT, IN WHICH HYPERMETHYLATION ALSO PREDICTED REDUCED ALLOGRAFT FUNCTION 1 YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANT, OUTPERFORMING ESTABLISHED CLINICAL VARIABLES.CONCLUSIONS WE HIGHLIGHT A NOVEL EPIGENETIC BASIS FOR ISCHEMIA-INDUCED CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT INJURY WITH BIOMARKER POTENTIAL.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
11 4238  30 METHYLATION PATTERN OF URINARY DNA AS A MARKER OF KIDNEY FUNCTION DECLINE IN DIABETES. INTRODUCTION: RENAL TUBULAR INJURY CONTRIBUTES TO THE DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES. CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS HAVE BEEN USED TO CALCULATE PROPORTIONS OF PARTICULAR CELL TYPES. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEVELOPED A METHOD TO DETECT RENAL TUBULAR INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES BY DETECTING EXFOLIATED TUBULAR CELLS SHED INTO THE URINE BASED ON TUBULAR CELL-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: WE IDENTIFIED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS SPECIFIC FOR HUMAN RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS THROUGH COMPARTMENT-SPECIFIC METHYLOME ANALYSIS. WE NEXT DETERMINED THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF PROXIMAL TUBULE-SPECIFIC LOCI IN URINE SEDIMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND ANALYZED CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL VARIABLES. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED GENOMIC LOCI IN SMTNL2 AND G6PC TO BE SELECTIVELY UNMETHYLATED IN HUMAN PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF SMTNL2 AND G6PC IN URINE SEDIMENT, DEEMED TO REFLECT THE PROPORTION OF EXFOLIATED PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS DUE TO INJURY, CORRELATED WELL WITH EACH OTHER. METHYLATION LEVELS OF SMTNL2 IN URINE SEDIMENT SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE ANNUAL DECLINE IN ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. MOREOVER, ADDITION OF URINARY SMTNL2 METHYLATION TO A MODEL CONTAINING KNOWN RISK FACTORS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED DISCRIMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES WITH FASTER ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE DECLINE. CONCLUSIONS: THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT PATIENTS WITH DIABETES WITH CONTINUAL LOSS IN KIDNEY FUNCTION MAY BE STRATIFIED BY A SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE THROUGH EPIGENETIC URINALYSIS AND PROVIDES FURTHER EVIDENCE AT THE LEVEL OF EXFOLIATED CELLS IN THE URINE THAT INJURY OF PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
12 2395  35 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN MIST1(-/-) MICE PREDICTS THE MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. GENE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE CORE PROTEINS WITHIN CHROMATIN. CHANGES IN THESE MODIFICATIONS, OR EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, CAN DICTATE CELL FATE AND PROMOTE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS THAT OCCURS FOLLOWING ABLATION OF MIST1 (MIST1(-/-) ), WHICH IS REPRESSED IN PANCREATIC DISEASE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUE 4 ON HISTONE 3 (H3K4ME3) IN PURIFIED ACINAR CELLS FROM WILD TYPE AND MIST1(-/-) MICE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) OR CHIP-QPCR. H3K4ME3-ENRICHED GENES WERE ASSESSED FOR EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR IN PANCREATIC TISSUE BEFORE AND AFTER INDUCTION OF CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. WHILE MOST OF H3K4ME3-ENRICHMENT IS RESTRICTED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES, >25% OF ENRICHMENT SITES ARE FOUND WITHIN, DOWNSTREAM OR BETWEEN ANNOTATED GENES. LESS THAN 10% OF THESE SITES WERE ALTERED IN MIST1(-/-) ACINI, WITH MOST CHANGES IN H3K4ME3 ENRICHMENT NOT REFLECTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES DIFFERENTIALLY-ENRICHED FOR H3K4ME3 REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION WITH PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE. MOST OF THESE GENES WERE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BUT SEVERAL WERE READILY INDUCED BY ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE RELATIVE TO WILD TYPE MICE. WE SUGGEST THAT THE CHRONIC CELL STRESS OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF MIST1 RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROMOTING PANCREATITIS TO A POISED STATE, THEREBY INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO EVENTS THAT PROMOTE DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
13  217  31 ACUTE EXERCISE INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF KIR2DS4 BY PROMOTER DEMETHYLATION IN NK CELLS. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON CANCER PREVENTION AND PROGRESSION HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO BE MEDIATED BY STIMULATING NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS. BECAUSE NK CELL RECEPTORS ARE REGULATED BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER ACUTE AEROBIC EXERCISE AND TRAINING CHANGE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION OF THE ACTIVATING KIR2DS4 AND THE INHIBITING KIR3DL1 GENE. SIXTEEN HEALTHY WOMEN (50-60 YEARS) PERFORMED A GRADED EXERCISE TEST (GXT) AND WERE RANDOMIZED INTO EITHER A PASSIVE CONTROL GROUP OR AN INTERVENTION GROUP PERFORMING A FOUR-WEEK ENDURANCE EXERCISE INTERVENTION. BLOOD SAMPLES (PRE-, POST-GXT AND POST-TRAINING) WERE USED FOR ISOLATION OF DNA/RNA OF NK CELLS TO ASSESS DNA PROMOTER METHYLATION BY TARGETED DEEP-AMPLICON SEQUENCING AND GENE EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR. POTENTIAL CHANGES IN NK CELL SUBSETS WERE DETERMINED BY FLOW CYTOMETRY. ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXERCISE DID NOT PROVOKE SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS OF NK CELL PROPORTIONS. PROMOTER METHYLATION DECREASED AND GENE EXPRESSION INCREASED FOR KIR2DS4 AFTER ACUTE EXERCISE. A HIGH GENE EXPRESSION CORRELATED WITH A LOW METHYLATION OF CPGS THAT WERE ALTERED BY ACUTE EXERCISE. CHRONIC EXERCISE RESULTED IN A MINOR DECREASE OF DNA METHYLATION AND DID NOT ALTER GENE EXPRESSION. ACUTE EXERCISE PROVOKES EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AFFECTING THE BALANCE BETWEEN THE ACTIVATING KIR2DS4 AND THE INHIBITING KIR3DL1, WITH POTENTIAL BENEFITS ON NK CELL FUNCTION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14  177  34 ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING AND INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE (IPAGE) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS DEFINED BY A REDUCED ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR). THIS FAILURE CAN BE RELATED TO A PHENOTYPE OF ACCELERATED AGING. IN THIS WORK, WE CONSIDERED 76 PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) AND 83 HEALTHY CONTROLS. WE CONCOMITANTLY EVALUATED FOR THE FIRST TIME TWO MEASURES THAT CAN BE INFORMATIVE OF THE RATE OF AGING, I.E., WHOLE BLOOD DNA METHYLATION USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM EPIC ARRAY AND PLASMA LEVELS OF A SELECTION OF INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROTEINS USING MULTIPLEX IMMUNOASSAYS. FIRST OF ALL, WE DEMONSTRATED ACCELERATED AGING IN TERMS OF THE MOST COMMON EPIGENETIC AGE ESTIMATORS IN CKD PATIENTS. MOREOVER, WE DEVELOPED A NEW CLOCK/PREDICTOR OF AGE BASED ON THE INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE (IPAGE) AND IDENTIFIED THE INFLAMMATORY/IMMUNOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. IPAGE APPEARED TO BE MORE SENSITIVE THAN EPIGENETIC CLOCKS IN QUANTIFYING THE ACCELERATED AGING PHENOTYPE OF ESRD PATIENTS. INTERESTINGLY, WE DID NOT FIND ANY CORRELATION BETWEEN THE AGE ACCELERATION EVALUATED ACCORDING TO THE EPIGENETIC CLOCKS AND IPAGE IN EITHER THE ESRD GROUP OR THE CONTROL GROUP. ON THE WHOLE, OUR DATA SHOW A CONSISTENT ACCELERATED AGING PHENOTYPE IN ESRD PATIENTS, WHICH IS BETTER APPRECIATED BY QUANTIFYING THE UNDERLYING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES (INFLAMMAGING) BY IPAGE THAN BY USING EPIGENETIC CLOCKS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
15 1584  31 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF SELECTED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. BY MEANS OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS ANALYSIS, WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED THE MRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VARIOUS GENES INVOLVED IN THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRAINS OF SUBJECTS WITH LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (LOAD). SOME OF THESE GENES, NAMELY INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6, SHOWED DISTINCT EXPRESSION PROFILES WITH PEAK EXPRESSION DURING THE FIRST STAGES OF THE DISEASE AND CONTROL-LIKE LEVELS AT LATER STAGES. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 GENES ARE MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; IT IS ALSO WELL KNOWN THAT LOAD MAY HAVE AN EPIGENETIC BASIS. INDEED, WE AND OTHERS HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN LOAD AND IN RELATED ANIMAL MODELS. BASED ON THESE DATA, WE STUDIED THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, AT SINGLE CYTOSINE RESOLUTION, OF IL-1BETA AND IL-6 5'-FLANKING REGION BY BISULPHITE MODIFICATION IN THE CORTEX OF HEALTHY CONTROLS AND LOAD PATIENTS AT 2 DIFFERENT DISEASE STAGES: BRAAK I-II/A AND BRAAK V-VI/C. OUR ANALYSIS PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT NEUROINFLAMMATION IN LOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH (AND POSSIBLY MEDIATED BY) EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
16  546  40 ATTENUATED EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1 CAUSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. BACKGROUND: SLCO2A1 ENCODES A PROSTAGLANDIN (PG) TRANSPORTER, AND AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF THIS GENE CAUSE CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT OF SLCO2A1 HAS A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OTHER TYPES OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF A LOCAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATION IN SLCO2A1 IN PATIENTS WITH A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF SAMPLES FROM 2 SISTERS WITH SUSPECTED MONOGENIC IBD. IN ADDITION, WE PERFORMED BISULFITE SEQUENCING USING DNA EXTRACTED FROM THEIR SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE SAMPLES TO EXPLORE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. RESULTS: A HETEROZYGOUS SPLICING SITE VARIANT, SLCO2A1:C.940 + 1G > A, WAS DETECTED IN BOTH PATIENTS. TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, WE ANALYZED PROTEIN AND MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1, AND OBSERVED ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF THESE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THAT IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. FURTHERMORE, BISULFITE SEQUENCING INDICATED DENSE METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLCO2A1 ONLY IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF BOTH PATIENTS. THE URINARY PG METABOLITE LEVELS IN THESE PATIENTS WERE COMPARABLE TO THOSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1 AND HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. WE FOUND CONSIDERABLY HIGHER LEVELS OF THE METABOLITES IN PATIENT 1, WHO SHOWED MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS THAN PATIENT 2. CONCLUSIONS: LOCAL DNA METHYLATION ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY EVOKE LOCAL INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOSA BY THE UNINCORPORATED PG. THESE FINDINGS MAY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING IBD DEVELOPMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
17 2629  28 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN THE KOREAN POPULATION: THE KNOW-CKD STUDY. SINCE THE ETIOLOGY OF DIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IS MULTIFACTORIAL, STUDIES ON DNA METHYLATION FOR KIDNEY FUNCTION DETERIORATION HAVE RARELY BEEN PERFORMED DESPITE THE NEED FOR AN EPIGENETIC APPROACH. THEREFORE, THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY EPIGENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH CKD PROGRESSION BASED ON THE DECLINE IN THE ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN DIABETIC CKD IN KOREA. AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY WAS PERFORMED USING WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 180 CKD RECRUITED FROM THE KNOW-CKD COHORT. PYROSEQUENCING WAS ALSO PERFORMED ON 133 CKD PARTICIPANTS AS AN EXTERNAL REPLICATION ANALYSIS. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES, INCLUDING THE ANALYSIS OF DISEASE-GENE NETWORKS, REACTOME PATHWAYS, AND PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORKS, WERE CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF CPG SITES. A PHENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CPG SITES AND OTHER PHENOTYPES. TWO EPIGENETIC MARKERS, CG10297223 ON AGTR1 AND CG02990553 ON KRT28 INDICATED A POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETIC CKD PROGRESSION. BASED ON THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES, OTHER PHENOTYPES (BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA FOR AGTR1) AND BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS (KERATINIZATION AND CORNIFIED ENVELOPE FOR KRT28) RELATED TO CKD WERE ALSO IDENTIFIED. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS A POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE CG10297223 AND CG02990553 AND THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC CKD IN KOREANS. NEVERTHELESS, FURTHER VALIDATION IS NEEDED THROUGH ADDITIONAL STUDIES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18 3125  26 GHSR DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS A COMMON EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF HIGH DIAGNOSTIC VALUE IN A BROAD SPECTRUM OF CANCERS. IDENTIFICATION OF A SINGLE MOLECULAR TRAIT THAT IS DETERMINANT OF COMMON MALIGNANCIES MAY SERVE AS A POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC SUPPLEMENT TO CANCER TYPE-SPECIFIC MARKERS. HERE, WE REPORT A DNA METHYLATION MARK THAT IS CHARACTERISTIC OF SEVEN STUDIED MALIGNANCIES, NAMELY CANCERS OF LUNG, BREAST, PROSTATE, PANCREAS, COLORECTUM, GLIOBLASTOMA AND B CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL) (N = 137). THIS MARK WAS DEFINED BY SUBSTANTIAL HYPERMETHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER AND FIRST EXON OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOUGE RECEPTOR (GHSR) THROUGH BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. THE DEGREE OF ABERRANT METHYLATION WAS CAPABLE OF ACCURATE DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN CANCER AND CONTROL SAMPLES. THE HIGHEST SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF CANCER DETECTION WAS ACHIEVED FOR CANCERS OF PANCREAS, LUNG, BREAST AND CLL YIELDING THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE (AUC) VALUES OF 1.0000, 0.9952, 0.9800 AND 0.9400, RESPECTIVELY. NARROWING TO A SINGLE CPG SITE WITHIN THE GENE'S PROMOTER OR FOUR CONSECUTIVE CPG UNITS OF THE HIGHEST METHYLATION LEVELS WITHIN THE FIRST EXON IMPROVED THE DETECTION POWER. GHSR HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED ALREADY AT THE EARLY STAGE TUMORS. THE ACCURATE PERFORMANCE OF THIS MARKER WAS FURTHER REPLICATED IN AN INDEPENDENT SET OF PANCREATIC CANCER AND CONTROL SAMPLES (N = 78). THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE CANDIDATURE OF GHSR METHYLATION AS A HIGHLY ACCURATE PAN-CANCER MARKER.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19 2024  43 EPIGENETIC CHANGES CAUSED BY DIABETES AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTITIS. AIMS/INTRODUCTION: PERIODONTAL DISEASE, A CHRONIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY BACTERIA, IS CLOSELY LINKED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS. MANY COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES. HOWEVER, THE EXACT EPIGENETIC CHANGES WHEREBY DIABETES AFFECTS PERIODONTAL DISEASE REMAIN LARGELY UNKNOWN. THUS, WE SOUGHT TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF DIABETES-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC CHANGES OF GINGIVAL TISSUE IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PERIODONTAL DISEASE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: WE STUDIED THE EFFECT OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN MINIPIGS ON GINGIVAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC TISSUE CHANGES. ACCORDINGLY, WE RANDOMLY DIVIDED SIX MINIPIGS INTO TWO GROUPS: STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES GROUP, N = 3; AND NON-DIABETES HEALTHY CONTROL GROUP, N = 3. AFTER 85 DAYS, ALL ANIMALS WERE KILLED, AND GINGIVAL TISSUE WAS COLLECTED FOR HISTOLOGY, DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID METHYLATION ANALYSIS AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. RESULTS: A DIABETES MELLITUS MODEL WAS SUCCESSFULLY CREATED, AS EVIDENCED BY SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, REDUCTION OF PANCREATIC INSULIN-PRODUCING BETA-CELLS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEYS. THE GINGIVAL TISSUES IN THE DIABETES GROUP PRESENTED ACANTHOSIS OF BOTH GINGIVAL SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM AND SULCULAR/JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM, AND A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER AND LENGTH OF RETE PEGS. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID METHYLATION ANALYSIS SHOWED A TOTAL OF 1,163 AFFECTED GENES, OF WHICH 599 AND 564 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HYPERMETHYLATED AND HYPOMETHYLATED, RESPECTIVELY. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY STAINING SHOWED THAT THE HYPOMETHYLATED GENES - TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA AND INTERLEUKIN-6 - WERE POSITIVELY EXPRESSED UNDER THE JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM AREA IN THE DIABETES GROUP. CONCLUSIONS: DIABETES MELLITUS INDUCES MORPHOLOGICAL AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE, WHICH MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
20 5205  30 PRENATAL STRESS CHANGES THE GLYCOPROTEIN GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN RAT OFFSPRING BRAIN. PRENATAL STRESS (PS) EXERTS STRONG IMPACT ON FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND ON ADULT OFFSPRING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. PREVIOUS WORK DEMONSTRATED THAT CHRONIC STRESS ALTERS THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF GPM6A, A NEURONAL GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN FILOPODIUM EXTENSION. IN THIS WORK, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF PS ON GPM6A EXPRESSION AND THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED. PREGNANT WISTAR RATS RECEIVED RESTRAINT STRESS DURING THE LAST WEEK OF GESTATION. MALE OFFSPRING WERE SACRIFICED ON POSTNATAL DAYS 28 AND 60. HIPPOCAMPUS AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION (QPCR FOR MRNAS AND MICRORNAS), METHYLATION STATUS (BISULFITE CONVERSION) AND PROTEIN LEVELS. HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CULTURE WERE USED TO ANALYZE MICRORNA OVEREXPRESSION EFFECTS. PRENATAL STRESS INDUCED CHANGES IN GPM6A LEVELS IN BOTH TISSUES AND AT BOTH AGES ANALYZED, INDICATING A PERSISTENT EFFECT. TWO CPG ISLANDS IN THE GPM6A GENE WERE IDENTIFIED. VARIATIONS IN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AT THREE SPECIFIC CPGS WERE FOUND IN HIPPOCAMPUS, BUT NOT IN PFC SAMPLES FROM PS OFFSPRING. MICRORNAS PREDICTED TO TARGET GPM6A WERE IDENTIFIED IN SILICO. QPCR MEASUREMENTS SHOWED THAT PS MODIFIED THE EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL MICRORNAS IN BOTH TISSUES, BEING MICRORNA-133B THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED. FURTHER STUDIES OVEREXPRESSING THIS MICRORNA IN NEURONAL CULTURES SHOWED A REDUCTION IN GMP6A MRNA AND PROTEIN LEVEL. MOREOVER FILOPODIUM DENSITY WAS ALSO REDUCED, SUGGESTING THAT GPM6A FUNCTION WAS AFFECTED. GESTATIONAL STRESS AFFECTED GPM6A GENE EXPRESSION IN OFFSPRING LIKELY THROUGH CHANGES IN METHYLATION STATUS AND IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY MICRORNAS. THUS, OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE GPM6A AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION DURING PRENATAL STRESS.	2014