1  693 159 BREAKING BOUNDARIES: PAN BETI DISRUPT 3D CHROMATIN STRUCTURE, BD2-SELECTIVE BETI ARE STRICTLY EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS. BACKGROUND: BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL PROTEINS (BETS) ARE MORE THAN JUST EPIGENETIC REGULATORS OF TRANSCRIPTION. HERE WE HIGHLIGHT A NEW ROLE FOR THE BET PROTEIN BRD4 IN THE MAINTENANCE OF HIGHER ORDER CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AT TOPOLOGICALLY ASSOCIATING DOMAIN BOUNDARIES (TADBS). BD2-SELECTIVE AND PAN (NON-SELECTIVE) BET INHIBITORS (BETI) DIFFERENTIALLY SUPPORT CHROMATIN STRUCTURE, SELECTIVELY AFFECTING TRANSCRIPTION AND CELL VIABILITY. METHODS: USING RNA-SEQ AND BRD4 CHIP-SEQ, THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF BETI TREATMENT ON THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND BRD4 CHROMATIN OCCUPANCY OF HUMAN AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM DIABETIC PATIENTS (DHAECS) STIMULATED WITH TNFALPHA WAS EVALUATED. CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AND DNA FRAGMENTATION WAS ASSESSED BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING AND QUANTIFICATION. KEY DHAEC FINDINGS WERE VERIFIED IN PROLIFERATING MONOCYTE-LIKE THP-1 CELLS USING REAL TIME-PCR, BRD4 CO-IMMUNOPRECIPITATION STUDIES, WESTERN BLOTS, PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS ASSAYS. FINDINGS: WE DISCOVERED THAT 1) BRD4 CO-LOCALIZES WITH YING-YANG 1 (YY1) AT TADBS, CRITICAL CHROMATIN STRUCTURE COMPLEXES PROXIMAL TO MANY DNA REPAIR GENES. 2) BD2-SELECTIVE BETI ENRICH BRD4/YY1 ASSOCIATIONS, WHILE PAN-BETI DO NOT. 3) FAILURE TO SUPPORT CHROMATIN STRUCTURES THROUGH BRD4/YY1 ENRICHMENT INHIBITS DNA REPAIR GENE TRANSCRIPTION, WHICH INDUCES DNA DAMAGE RESPONSES, AND CAUSES WIDESPREAD CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION, DNA FRAGMENTATION, AND APOPTOSIS. 4) BD2-SELECTIVE BETI MAINTAIN HIGH ORDER CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND CELL VIABILITY, WHILE REDUCING DELETERIOUS PRO-INFLAMMATORY TRANSCRIPTION. INTERPRETATION: BRD4 PLAYS A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED ROLE AT TADBS. BETI DIFFERENTIALLY IMPACT TADB STABILITY. OUR RESULTS PROVIDE TRANSLATIONAL INSIGHT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETI AS THERAPEUTICS FOR A RANGE OF DISEASES INCLUDING CVD, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, CANCER, AND COVID-19.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
2 1966  35 EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CANCERS AND ITS IMPLICATION IN TUMOR CELL RESISTANCE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PURPOSE: PRKCDBP IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN WHICH ALTERATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN SEVERAL HUMAN CANCERS. WE INVESTIGATED EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CELLS AND TISSUES TO EXPLORE ITS CANDIDACY AS A SUPPRESSOR IN COLORECTAL TUMORIGENESIS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF PRKCDBP AND ITS EFFECT ON TUMOR GROWTH WERE EVALUATED. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WAS DEFINED BY LUCIFERASE REPORTER AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. RESULTS: PRKCDBP EXPRESSION WAS HARDLY DETECTABLE IN 29 OF 80 (36%) PRIMARY TUMORS AND 11 OF 19 (58%) CELL LINES, AND ITS ALTERATION CORRELATED WITH TUMOR STAGE AND GRADE. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION WAS COMMONLY FOUND IN CANCERS. PRKCDBP EXPRESSION INDUCED THE G(1) CELL-CYCLE ARREST AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS APOPTOTIC STRESSES. PRKCDBP WAS INDUCED BY TNFALPHA, AND ITS LEVEL CORRELATED WITH TUMOR CELL SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PRKCDBP INDUCTION BY TNFALPHA WAS DISRUPTED BY BLOCKING NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WHILE IT WAS ENHANCED BY RELA TRANSFECTION. THE PRKCDBP PROMOTER ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA, AND THIS RESPONSE WAS ABOLISHED BY DISRUPTION OF A KAPPAB SITE IN THE PROMOTER. PRKCDBP DELAYED THE FORMATION AND GROWTH OF XENOGRAFT TUMORS AND IMPROVED TUMOR RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. CONCLUSIONS: PRKCDBP IS A PROAPOPTOTIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR WHICH IS COMMONLY ALTERED IN COLORECTAL CANCER BY PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION, AND ITS GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS DIRECTLY ACTIVATED BY NF-KAPPAB IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA. THIS SUGGESTS THAT PRKCDBP INACTIVATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TUMOR PROGRESSION BY REDUCING CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA AND OTHER STRESSES, PARTICULARLY UNDER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3 6294  30 THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TNFALPHA INDUCES DNA DEMETHYLATION-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF INTERLEUKIN-32 EXPRESSION. IL-32 IS A CYTOKINE INVOLVED IN PROINFLAMMATORY IMMUNE RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN THE REGULATION OF IL-32 GENE EXPRESSION IS UNDERSTUDIED. HERE WE SHOW THAT IL-32 IS REPRESSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN HEK293 CELLS. USING CHIP SEQUENCING, LOCUS-SPECIFIC METHYLATION ANALYSIS, CRISPR/CAS9-MEDIATED GENOME EDITING, AND RT-QPCR (QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR) AND IMMUNOBLOT ASSAYS, WE FOUND THAT SHORT-TERM TREATMENT (A FEW HOURS) WITH THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) ACTIVATES IL-32 IN A DNA DEMETHYLATION-INDEPENDENT MANNER. IN CONTRAST, PROLONGED TNFALPHA TREATMENT (SEVERAL DAYS) INDUCED DNA DEMETHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER AND A CPG ISLAND IN THE IL-32 GENE IN A TET (TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION) FAMILY ENZYME- AND NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT MANNER. NOTABLY, THE HYPOMETHYLATION STATUS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN IL-32 WAS MAINTAINED FOR A LONG TIME (SEVERAL WEEKS), CAUSING ELEVATED IL-32 EXPRESSION EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF TNFALPHA. CONSIDERING THAT IL-32 CAN, IN TURN, INDUCE TNFALPHA EXPRESSION, WE SPECULATE THAT SUCH FEEDFORWARD EVENTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRANSITION FROM AN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4 2340  33 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF LEUKOCYTE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION DICTATES STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION OUTCOME. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IS A COMMON CAUSE OF SURGICAL-SITE INFECTIONS, INCLUDING THOSE ARISING AFTER CRANIOTOMY, WHICH IS PERFORMED TO ACCESS THE BRAIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUMORS, EPILEPSY, OR HEMORRHAGE. CRANIOTOMY INFECTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLEX SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT AND MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION. WE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED UNIQUE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES OF THESE IMMUNE POPULATIONS DURING S. AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ALLOW RAPID AND REVERSIBLE CONTROL OVER GENE TRANSCRIPTION; HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS INFLUENCE IMMUNITY TO LIVE S. AUREUS. AN EPIGENETIC COMPOUND LIBRARY SCREEN IDENTIFIED BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN-CONTAINING (BET) PROTEINS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) AS CRITICAL FOR REGULATING TNF, IL-6, IL-10, AND CCL2 PRODUCTION BY PRIMARY MOUSE MICROGLIA, MACROPHAGES, NEUTROPHILS, AND GRANULOCYTIC MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN RESPONSE TO LIVE S. AUREUS. CLASS I HDACS (C1HDACS) WERE INCREASED IN THESE CELL TYPES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DURING ACUTE DISEASE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF S. AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION. HOWEVER, SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTIONS IN C1HDACS WERE OBSERVED DURING CHRONIC INFECTION, HIGHLIGHTING TEMPORAL REGULATION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT FOR DICTATING C1HDAC EXPRESSION. MICROPARTICLE DELIVERY OF HDAC AND BET INHIBITORS IN VIVO CAUSED WIDESPREAD DECREASES IN INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION, WHICH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BACTERIAL BURDEN IN THE BRAIN, GALEA, AND BONE FLAP. THESE FINDINGS IDENTIFY HISTONE ACETYLATION AS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR REGULATING CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION ACROSS DIVERSE IMMUNE CELL LINEAGES THAT IS CRITICAL FOR BACTERIAL CONTAINMENT. ACCORDINGLY, ABERRANT EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR PROMOTING S. AUREUS PERSISTENCE DURING CRANIOTOMY INFECTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
5  597  27 BET-BROMODOMAIN AND EZH2 INHIBITOR-TREATED CHRONIC GVHD MICE HAVE BLUNTED GERMINAL CENTERS WITH DISTINCT TRANSCRIPTOMES. DESPITE ADVANCES IN THE FIELD, CHRONIC GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST-DISEASE (CGVHD) REMAINS A LEADING CAUSE OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FOLLOWING ALLOGENIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT. BECAUSE TREATMENT OPTIONS REMAIN LIMITED, WE TESTED EFFICACY OF ANTICANCER, CHROMATIN-MODIFYING ENZYME INHIBITORS IN A CLINICALLY RELEVANT MURINE MODEL OF CGVHD WITH BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS (BO). WE OBSERVED THAT THE NOVEL ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2) INHIBITOR JQ5 AND THE BET-BROMODOMAIN INHIBITOR JQ1 EACH IMPROVED PULMONARY FUNCTION; IMPAIRED THE GERMINAL CENTER (GC) REACTION, A PREREQUISITE IN CGVHD/BO PATHOGENESIS; AND JQ5 REDUCED EZH2-MEDIATED H3K27ME3 IN DONOR T CELLS. USING CONDITIONAL EZH2 KNOCKOUT DONOR CELLS, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT EZH2 IS OBLIGATORY FOR THE INITIATION OF CGVHD/BO. IN A SCLERODERMATOUS CGVHD MODEL, JQ5 REDUCED THE SEVERITY OF CUTANEOUS LESIONS. TO DETERMINE HOW THE 2 DRUGS COULD LEAD TO THE SAME PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS WHILE TARGETING UNIQUE EPIGENETIC PROCESSES, WE ANALYZED THE TRANSCRIPTOMES OF SPLENIC GCB CELLS (GCBS) FROM TRANSPLANTED MICE TREATED WITH EITHER DRUG. MULTIPLE INFLAMMATORY AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS ENRICHED IN CGVHD/BO GCBS WERE REDUCED BY EACH DRUG. GCBS FROM JQ5- BUT NOT JQ1-TREATED MICE WERE ENRICHED FOR PROPROLIFERATIVE PATHWAYS ALSO SEEN IN GCBS FROM BONE MARROW-ONLY TRANSPLANTED MICE, LIKELY REFLECTING THEIR UNDERLYING BIOLOGY IN THE UNPERTURBED STATE. IN CONJUNCTION WITH IN VIVO DATA, THESE INSIGHTS LED US TO CONCLUDE THAT EPIGENETIC TARGETING OF THE GC IS A VIABLE CLINICAL APPROACH FOR THE TREATMENT OF CGVHD, AND THAT THE EZH2 INHIBITOR JQ5 AND THE BET-BROMODOMAIN INHIBITOR JQ1 DEMONSTRATED CLINICAL POTENTIAL FOR EZH2I AND BETI IN PATIENTS WITH CGVHD/BO.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
6 5088  41 PIPERLONGUMINE REGULATES EPIGENETIC MODULATION AND ALLEVIATES PSORIASIS-LIKE SKIN INFLAMMATION VIA INHIBITION OF HYPERPROLIFERATION AND INFLAMMATION. PSORIASIS IS AN AUTOIMMUNE SKIN DISEASE, WHERE CHRONIC IMMUNE RESPONSES DUE TO EXAGGERATED CYTOKINE SIGNALING, ABNORMAL DIFFERENTIATION, AND EVASION OF KERATINOCYTES APOPTOSIS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MEDIATING ABNORMAL KERATINOCYTES HYPERPROLIFERATION. FROM THE THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVE, THE MOLECULES WITH STRONG ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES COULD HAVE TREMENDOUS RELEVANCE. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT PIPERLONGUMINE (PPL) TREATMENT EFFECTIVELY ABROGATED THE HYPERPROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF KERATINOCYTES BY INDUCING ROS-MEDIATED LATE APOPTOSIS WITH LOSS OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL. BESIDES, THE ARREST OF CELL CYCLE WAS FOUND AT SUB-G1 PHASE AS A RESULT OF DNA FRAGMENTATION. MOLECULARLY, INHIBITION OF STAT3 AND AKT SIGNALING WAS OBSERVED WITH A DECREASE IN PROLIFERATIVE MARKERS SUCH AS PCNA, KI67, AND CYCLIN D1 ALONG WITH ANTI-APOPTOTIC BCL-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION. KERATIN 17 IS A CRITICAL REGULATOR OF KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION, AND IT WAS FOUND TO BE DOWNREGULATED WITH PPL SIGNIFICANTLY. FURTHERMORE, PROMINENT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS WERE OBSERVED BY INHIBITION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)/IMIQUIMOD (IMQ)-INDUCED P65 NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING CASCADE AND STRONGLY INHIBITED THE PRODUCTION OF CYTOKINE STORM INVOLVED IN PSORIASIS-LIKE SKIN INFLAMMATION, THUS LED TO THE RESTORATION OF NORMAL EPIDERMAL ARCHITECTURE WITH REDUCTION OF EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA AND SPLENOMEGALY. IN ADDITION, PPL EPIGENETICALLY INHIBITED HISTONE-MODIFYING ENZYMES, WHICH INCLUDE HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) OF CLASS I (HDAC1-4) AND CLASS II (HDAC6) EVALUATED BY IMMUNOBLOTTING AND HDAC ENZYME ASSAY KIT. IN ADDITION, OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT PPL EFFECTIVELY INHIBITS THE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF P65 AND A HISTONE MODULATOR HDAC3, THUS SEQUESTERED IN THE CYTOPLASM OF MACROPHAGES. FURTHERMORE, PPL EFFECTIVELY ENHANCED THE PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS OF HDAC3 AND P65 WITH IKAPPABALPHA, WHICH WAS DISRUPTED BY LPS STIMULATION AND WERE EVALUATED BY CO-IP AND MOLECULAR MODELING. COLLECTIVELY, OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THAT PIPERLONGUMINE MAY SERVE AS AN ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT AND COULD SERVE AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC OPTION IN TREATING PSORIASIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
7 3891  46 KSHV VIL-6 ENHANCES INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES BY EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. KAPOSI SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS (KSHV) INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SYNDROME (KICS) IS A NEWLY DESCRIBED CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CONDITION CAUSED BY KSHV INFECTION AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH KSHV VIRAL LOAD AND SUSTAINED ELEVATIONS OF SERUM KSHV-ENCODED IL-6 (VIL-6) AND HUMAN IL-6 (HIL-6). KICS HAS SIGNIFICANT IMMORTALITY AND POSSESSES GREATER RISKS OF HAVING OTHER COMPLICATIONS, WHICH INCLUDE MALIGNANCIES. ALTHOUGH PROLONGED INFLAMMATORY VIL-6 EXPOSURE BY PERSISTENT KSHV INFECTION IS EXPECTED TO HAVE KEY ROLES IN SUBSEQUENT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT, THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROLONGED VIL-6 EXPOSURE REMAIN ELUSIVE. USING THIOL-LINKED ALKYLATION FOR THE METABOLIC SEQUENCING AND CLEAVAGE UNDER TARGET & RELEASE USING NUCLEASE ANALYSIS, WE STUDIED THE EFFECT OF PROLONGED VIL-6 EXPOSURE IN CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE AND RESULTING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. THE STUDIES SHOWED THAT PROLONGED VIL-6 EXPOSURE INCREASED BROMODOMAIN CONTAINING 4 (BRD4) AND HISTONE H3 LYSINE 27 ACETYLATION CO-OCCUPANCIES ON CHROMATIN, AND THE RECRUITMENT SITES WERE FREQUENTLY CO-LOCALIZED WITH POISED RNAPII WITH ASSOCIATED ENZYMES. INCREASED BRD4 RECRUITMENT ON PROMOTERS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED AND PROLONGED NF-KB P65 BINDING AFTER THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE STIMULATION. THE P65 BINDING RESULTED IN QUICKER AND SUSTAINED TRANSCRIPTION BURSTS FROM THE PROMOTERS; THIS MECHANISM INCREASED TOTAL AMOUNTS OF HIL-6 AND IL-10 IN TISSUE CULTURE. PRETREATMENT WITH THE BRD4 INHIBITOR, OTX015, ELIMINATED THE ENHANCED INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT PERSISTENT VIL-6 EXPOSURE MAY ESTABLISH A CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE FAVORABLE FOR THE REACTIVATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN MONOCYTES. THIS EPIGENETIC MEMORY MAY EXPLAIN THE GREATER RISK OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN KSHV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS. AUTHOR SUMMARY: COMBINED AND CONTINUOUS CYTOKINE STIMULATION TRIGGERS TRANSCRIPTION REPROGRAMMING AND IS OFTEN USED FOR SPECIFIC TISSUE DEVELOPMENT. CONTINUOUS VIL-6 EXPOSURE OCCURS IN KSHV-INFECTED PATIENTS AND LEADS TO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE STORM WITH HIGH MORTALITY. HOWEVER, POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING BY THE VIL-6 AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PATHOGENESIS REMAIN UNCLEAR. HERE WE DEMONSTRATE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE MEDIATED BY BRD4 THROUGH PROLONGED VIL-6 EXPOSURE WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO MORE ROBUST AND RAPID TRANSCRIPTION AND INCREASED CYTOKINES PRODUCTION. INHIBITION OF BRD4 SUPPRESSED THIS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC EFFECT OF VIRAL CYTOKINES MAY LEAD TO NOVEL THERAPIES FOR KSHV-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE STORMS.	2023	

8  595  40 BET PROTEINS REGULATE EXPRESSION OF OSR1 IN EARLY KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT. IN UTERO RENAL DEVELOPMENT IS SUBJECT TO MATERNAL METABOLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING LONG-TERM RENAL FUNCTION AND THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ORCHESTRATION OF RENAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRENATAL PROGRAMMING OF NEPHRON NUMBER. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF MANY EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS FOR KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT IS STILL UNCLEAR. BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL DOMAIN (BET) PROTEINS ACT AS HISTONE ACETYLATION READER MOLECULES AND PROMOTE GENE TRANSCRIPTION. BET FAMILY MEMBERS BRD2, BRD3 AND BRD4 ARE EXPRESSED IN THE NEPHROGENIC ZONE DURING KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT. HERE, THE EFFECT OF THE BET INHIBITOR JQ1 ON RENAL DEVELOPMENT IS EVALUATED. INHIBITION OF BET PROTEINS VIA JQ1 LEADS TO REDUCED GROWTH OF METANEPHRIC KIDNEY CULTURES, LOSS OF THE NEPHRON PROGENITOR CELL POPULATION, AND PREMATURE AND DISTURBED NEPHRON DIFFERENTIATION. GENE EXPRESSION OF KEY NEPHRON PROGENITOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OSR1 IS DOWNREGULATED AFTER 24 H BET INHIBITION, WHILE LHX1 AND PAX8 EXPRESSION IS INCREASED. MINING OF BRD4 CHIP-SEQ AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA IDENTIFY OSR1 AS A KEY FACTOR REGULATED BY BRD4-CONTROLLED GENE ACTIVATION. INHIBITION OF BRD4 BY BET INHIBITOR JQ1 LEADS TO DOWNREGULATION OF OSR1, THEREBY CAUSING A DISTURBANCE IN THE BALANCE OF NEPHRON PROGENITOR CELL SELF-RENEWAL AND PREMATURE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE NEPHRON, WHICH ULTIMATELY LEADS TO KIDNEY HYPOPLASIA AND DISTURBED NEPHRON DEVELOPMENT. THIS RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF BET INHIBITORS FOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. IN SUMMARY, OUR WORK HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF BET PROTEINS FOR PRENATAL PROGRAMMING OF NEPHROGENESIS AND IDENTIFIES OSR1 AS A POTENTIAL TARGET OF BET PROTEINS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
9  984  37 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10   26  33 A 6-ALKYLSALICYLATE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR INHIBITS HISTONE ACETYLATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION IN MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES. LYSINE ACETYLATIONS ARE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF CELLULAR PROTEINS, THAT ARE CRUCIAL IN THE REGULATION OF MANY CELLULAR PROCESSES. LYSINE ACETYLATIONS ON HISTONE PROTEINS ARE PART OF THE EPIGENETIC CODE REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION AND ARE INSTALLED BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES. OBSERVATIONS THAT INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES, SUCH AS ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY INDICATE THAT DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR THESE ENZYMES MIGHT BE A VALUABLE APPROACH TOWARDS NEW THERAPIES FOR THESE DISEASES. THE 6-ALKYLSALICYLATE MG149 IS A CANDIDATE TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO INHIBIT THE MYST TYPE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES. IN THIS STUDY, WE DETERMINED THE K(I) VALUE FOR INHIBITION OF THE MYST TYPE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE KAT8 BY MG149 TO BE 39 +/- 7.7 MUM. UPON INVESTIGATING WHETHER THE INHIBITION OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES BY MG149 CORRELATES WITH INHIBITION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES, INHIBITION OF ACETYLATION WAS OBSERVED USING AN LC-MS/MS BASED ASSAY ON HISTONE H4 RES 4-17, WHICH CONTAINS THE TARGET LYSINE OF KAT8. FOLLOWING UP ON THIS, UPON TREATMENT WITH MG149, REDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION WAS OBSERVED IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND INTERFERON GAMMA STIMULATED MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES. BASED ON THIS, WE PROPOSE THAT 6-ALKYLSALICYLATES SUCH AS MG149 HAVE POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11 2395  40 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN MIST1(-/-) MICE PREDICTS THE MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. GENE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE CORE PROTEINS WITHIN CHROMATIN. CHANGES IN THESE MODIFICATIONS, OR EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, CAN DICTATE CELL FATE AND PROMOTE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS THAT OCCURS FOLLOWING ABLATION OF MIST1 (MIST1(-/-) ), WHICH IS REPRESSED IN PANCREATIC DISEASE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUE 4 ON HISTONE 3 (H3K4ME3) IN PURIFIED ACINAR CELLS FROM WILD TYPE AND MIST1(-/-) MICE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) OR CHIP-QPCR. H3K4ME3-ENRICHED GENES WERE ASSESSED FOR EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR IN PANCREATIC TISSUE BEFORE AND AFTER INDUCTION OF CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. WHILE MOST OF H3K4ME3-ENRICHMENT IS RESTRICTED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES, >25% OF ENRICHMENT SITES ARE FOUND WITHIN, DOWNSTREAM OR BETWEEN ANNOTATED GENES. LESS THAN 10% OF THESE SITES WERE ALTERED IN MIST1(-/-) ACINI, WITH MOST CHANGES IN H3K4ME3 ENRICHMENT NOT REFLECTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES DIFFERENTIALLY-ENRICHED FOR H3K4ME3 REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION WITH PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE. MOST OF THESE GENES WERE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BUT SEVERAL WERE READILY INDUCED BY ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE RELATIVE TO WILD TYPE MICE. WE SUGGEST THAT THE CHRONIC CELL STRESS OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF MIST1 RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROMOTING PANCREATITIS TO A POISED STATE, THEREBY INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO EVENTS THAT PROMOTE DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  691  38 BRD4 PROFILING IDENTIFIES CRITICAL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ONCOGENIC CIRCUITS AND REVEALS SENSITIVITY TO PLX51107, A NOVEL STRUCTURALLY DISTINCT BET INHIBITOR. BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA-TERMINAL (BET) FAMILY PROTEINS ARE KEY REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION IN CANCER. HEREIN, WE UTILIZE BRD4 PROFILING TO IDENTIFY CRITICAL PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). BRD4 IS OVEREXPRESSED IN CLL AND IS ENRICHED PROXIMAL TO GENES UPREGULATED OR DE NOVO EXPRESSED IN CLL WITH KNOWN FUNCTIONS IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION. THESE GENES, INCLUDING KEY MEMBERS OF THE B-CELL RECEPTOR (BCR) SIGNALING PATHWAY, PROVIDE A RATIONALE FOR THIS THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY NEW TARGETS IN ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF CANCER. ADDITIONALLY, WE DESCRIBE PLX51107, A STRUCTURALLY DISTINCT BET INHIBITOR WITH NOVEL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PHARMACOLOGIC PROPERTIES THAT EMULATES OR EXCEEDS THE EFFICACY OF BCR SIGNALING AGENTS IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OF CLL. HEREIN, THE DISCOVERY OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF BRD4 IN THE CORE CLL TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM PROVIDES A COMPELLING RATIONALE FOR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF PLX51107 AS EPIGENETIC THERAPY IN CLL AND APPLICATION OF BRD4 PROFILING IN OTHER CANCERS.SIGNIFICANCE: TO DATE, FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF BRD4 IN CLL ARE LACKING. THROUGH INTEGRATED GENOMIC, FUNCTIONAL, AND PHARMACOLOGIC ANALYSES, WE UNCOVER THE EXISTENCE OF BRD4-REGULATED CORE CLL TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAMS AND PRESENT PRECLINICAL PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDIES VALIDATING BET INHIBITION AS AN EPIGENETIC APPROACH TO TARGET BCR SIGNALING IN CLL. CANCER DISCOV; 8(4); 458-77. (C)2018 AACR.THIS ARTICLE IS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE IN THIS ISSUE FEATURE, P. 371.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
13 1461  34 DISRUPTION OF RCAN1.4 EXPRESSION MEDIATED BY YY1/HDAC2 MODULATES CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS. CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION (CAD) IS A MAJOR FACTOR THAT HINDERS KIDNEY TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL IN THE LONG RUN. EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (EMT) HAS BEEN CONFIRMED TO SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTE TO INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS/TUBULAR ATROPHY (IF/TA), WHICH IS THE MAIN HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURE OF CAD. ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF THE REGULATOR OF CALCINEURIN 1 (RCAN1), RECOGNIZED AS AN ENDOGENOUS INHIBITOR OF THE CALCINEURIN PHOSPHATASE, HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE EXTENSIVELY INVOLVED IN VARIOUS KIDNEY DISEASES. HOWEVER, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR HOW RCAN1.4 REGULATES IF/TA FORMATION IN CAD PATIENTS. HEREIN, AN IN VIVO MOUSE RENAL TRANSPLANTATION MODEL AND AN IN VITRO MODEL OF HUMAN RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS (HK-2) TREATED WITH TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) WERE EMPLOYED. OUR RESULTS PROVED THAT RCAN1.4 EXPRESSION WAS DECREASED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO, IN ADDITION TO THE UP-REGULATION OF YIN YANG 1 (YY1), A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR THAT HAS BEEN REPORTED TO CONVEY MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). KNOCKING IN OF RCAN1.4 EFFICIENTLY ATTENUATED CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IN VIVO AND INHIBITED TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED EMT IN VITRO THROUGH REGULATING ANTI-OXIDATIVE STRESS AND THE CALCINEURIN/NUCLEAR FACTOR OF ACTIVATED T CELLS CYTOPLASMIC 1 (NFATC1) SIGNALING PATHWAY. IN ADDITION, SUPPRESSION OF YY1 MEDIATED BY SHRNA OR SIRNA ALLEVIATED TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED EMT THROUGH ABOLISHING REACTIVE SPECIES PARTLY IN AN RCAN1.4-DEPENDENT MANNER. NOTABLY, WE CONFIRMED THAT YY1 NEGATIVELY REGULATED RCAN1.4 TRANSCRIPTION BY DIRECTLY INTERACTING WITH THE RCAN1.4 PROMOTER. IN ADDITION, HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) INTERACTED WITH YY1 TO FORM A MULTI-MOLECULAR COMPLEX, WHICH WAS INVOLVED IN TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED RCAN1.4 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION. THEREFORE, RCAN1.4 IS SUGGESTED TO BE MODULATED BY THE YY1/HDAC2 TRANSCRIPTION REPRESSOR COMPLEX IN AN EPIGENETIC MANNER, WHICH IS A MEDIATED NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT PARTLY THROUGH MODULATING O2?- GENERATION AND THE CALCINEURIN/NFATC1 SIGNALING PATHWAY. THUS, THE YY1-RCAN1.4 AXIS CONSTITUTES AN INNOVATIVE TARGET FOR IF/TA TREATMENT IN CAD PATIENTS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 1293  33 DECREASED ERK AND JNK SIGNALING CONTRIBUTE TO GENE OVEREXPRESSION IN "SENESCENT" CD4+CD28- T CELLS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. AN INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXIC CD4+CD28- T CELL SUBSET INFILTRATES ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES AND IS IMPLICATED IN PLAQUE RUPTURE AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS. THIS PATHOLOGIC SUBSET DEVELOPS WITH REPLICATIVE STRESS AND IS FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES SUCH AS RA AS WELL AS WITH AGING. CD4+CD28- CELLS OVEREXPRESS GENES NORMALLY SUPPRESSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN CD4+CD28+ T CELLS, SUCH AS KIR, PERFORIN, AND CD70. HOW THIS SUBSET OVER EXPRESSES METHYLATION-SENSITIVE GENES IS UNKNOWN. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ARE MAINTAINED IN PROLIFERATING CELLS BY DNMTS, WHICH ARE UP-REGULATED DURING MITOSIS BY THE ERK AND JNK SIGNALING PATHWAYS. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT DEFECTS IN THESE SIGNALING PATHWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN CD4+CD28- CELLS THROUGH EFFECTS ON DNA METHYLATION. WE REPORT THAT SIGNALING THROUGH THE ERK AND JNK PATHWAYS IS DECREASED IN CD4+CD28- RELATIVE TO CD4+CD28+ CELLS FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS AND THAT ERK AND JNK PATHWAY INHIBITION DECREASES DNMT1 AND -3A LEVELS, WHICH IN TURN, CAUSES DEMETHYLATION AND OVEREXPRESSION OF THE TNFSF7 (CD70) GENE. WE ALSO REPORT THAT CD4+CD28- T CELLS OVEREXPRESS PP5, A STRESS-INDUCED INHIBITOR OF THE ERK AND JNK SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SIGNALING DEFECTS. WE CONCLUDE THAT DECREASED ERK AND JNK SIGNALING IN THE CD4+CD28- SUBSET, ARISING WITH REPLICATIVE STRESS, CAN LEAD TO THE OVEREXPRESSION OF NORMALLY SUPPRESSED GENES THROUGH EFFECTS ON DNMTS AND CONSEQUENTLY, CHROMATIN STRUCTURE.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15 5788  31 SREBP1 DRIVES KERATIN-80-DEPENDENT CYTOSKELETAL CHANGES AND INVASIVE BEHAVIOR IN ENDOCRINE-RESISTANT ERALPHA BREAST CANCER. APPROXIMATELY 30% OF ERALPHA BREAST CANCER PATIENTS RELAPSE WITH METASTATIC DISEASE FOLLOWING ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPIES. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ACQUISITION OF DRUG RESISTANCE AND INVASIVE POTENTIAL IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE TYPE II KERATIN TOPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATING DOMAIN UNDERGOES EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN AROMATASE INHIBITORS (AI)-RESISTANT CELLS, LEADING TO KERATIN-80 (KRT80) UPREGULATION. KRT80 EXPRESSION IS DRIVEN BY DE NOVO ENHANCER ACTIVATION BY STEROL REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SREBP1). KRT80 UPREGULATION DIRECTLY PROMOTES CYTOSKELETAL REARRANGEMENTS AT THE LEADING EDGE, INCREASED FOCAL ADHESION AND CELLULAR STIFFENING, COLLECTIVELY PROMOTING CANCER CELL INVASION. SHEARWAVE ELASTICITY IMAGING PERFORMED ON PROSPECTIVELY RECRUITED PATIENTS CONFIRMS KRT80 LEVELS CORRELATE WITH STIFFER TUMORS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY SHOWED INCREASED KRT80-POSITIVE CELLS AT RELAPSE AND, USING SEVERAL CLINICAL ENDPOINTS, KRT80 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATES WITH POOR SURVIVAL. COLLECTIVELY, OUR DATA UNCOVER AN UNPREDICTED AND POTENTIALLY TARGETABLE DIRECT LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AND CYTOSKELETAL REPROGRAMMING PROMOTING CELL INVASION IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC AI TREATMENT.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
16  662  30 BLOOD MONOCYTE TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME ANALYSES REVEAL LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE EPIGENETIC BASIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. HERE WE PRESENT THE CD14+ BLOOD MONOCYTE TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THE TRANSCRIPTOME SIGNATURE INCLUDES TRANSCRIPTION COACTIVATOR, ARID5B, WHICH IS KNOWN TO FORM A CHROMATIN DEREPRESSOR COMPLEX WITH A HISTONE H3K9ME2-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE AND PROMOTE ADIPOGENESIS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT. ARID5B CPG (CG25953130) METHYLATION IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH ARID5B EXPRESSION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CONSISTENT WITH THIS CPG RESIDING IN AN ARID5B ENHANCER REGION, BASED ON CHROMATIN CAPTURE AND HISTONE MARKS DATA. MEDIATION ANALYSIS SUPPORTS ASSUMPTIONS THAT ARID5B EXPRESSION MEDIATES EFFECTS OF CG25953130 METHYLATION AND SEVERAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS ON ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN. IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-STIMULATED HUMAN THP1 MONOCYTES, ARID5B KNOCKDOWN REDUCED EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELATED INFLAMMATORY AND LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS, AND INHIBITED CELL MIGRATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT ARID5B EXPRESSION, POSSIBLY REGULATED BY AN EPIGENETICALLY CONTROLLED ENHANCER, PROMOTES ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY DYSREGULATING IMMUNOMETABOLISM TOWARDS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE.THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS MEDIATING THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS ARE UNCLEAR. HERE, THE AUTHORS EXAMINE CD14+ BLOOD MONOCYTE'S TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME SIGNATURES TO FIND DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF ARID5B TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17 1455  32 DISCOVERY OF THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE-BASED HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4/HISTONE DEACETYLASE DUAL INHIBITORS INDUCE AUTOPHAGIC CELL DEATH IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA CELLS. BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4 (BRD4) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDAC) ARE BOTH ATTRACTIVE EPIGENETIC TARGETS IN CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES. BASED ON THE INTEGRATED FRAGMENT-BASED DRUG DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATIONS, A SERIES OF NOVEL THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE-BASED HYDROXAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES ARE DISCOVERED AS SELECTIVE BRD4-HDAC DUAL INHIBITORS. COMPOUND 17C IS THE MOST POTENT INHIBITOR FOR BRD4 AND HDAC WITH IC(50) VALUES AT NANOMOLAR LEVELS, AS WELL AS THE EXPRESSION LEVEL OF C-MYC, AND INCREASES THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3. MOREOVER, 17C PRESENTS INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON THE PROLIFERATION OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA (CRC) CELLS VIA INDUCING AUTOPHAGIC CELL DEATH. IT ALSO HAS A GOOD PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE IN RATS AND ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF 40.5%. IN THE HCT-116 XENOGRAFT IN VIVO MODELS, 17C DISPLAYS POTENT INHIBITORY EFFICIENCY ON TUMOR GROWTH BY INDUCING AUTOPHAGIC CELL DEATH AND SUPPRESSING IL6-JAK-STAT SIGNALING PATHWAYS. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE BRD4-HDAC DUAL INHIBITION MIGHT BE AN ATTRACTIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR CRC.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18 6059  36 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-BASED TRANSCRIPT REPORTER FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING OF NEGATIVE MODULATORS OF LNCRNAS. WHILE THE HUMAN GENOME IS PERVASIVELY TRANSCRIBED, <2% OF THE HUMAN GENOME IS TRANSCRIBED INTO PROTEIN-CODING MRNAS, LEAVING MOST OF THE TRANSCRIPTS AS NONCODING RNAS, SUCH AS MICRORNAS AND LONG-NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS), WHICH ARE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION. LNCRNAS ARE EMERGING AS CRITICAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND GENOMIC STABILITY. HOWEVER, IT REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN ABOUT HOW LNCRNAS ARE REGULATED. HERE, WE DEVELOP A HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND DYNAMIC REPORTER THAT ALLOWS US TO IDENTIFY AND/OR MONITOR NEGATIVE MODULATORS OF LNCRNA TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN A HIGH THROUGHPUT FASHION. SPECIFICALLY, WE ENGINEER A FLUORESCENT FUSION PROTEIN BY FUSING THREE COPIES OF THE PEST DESTRUCTION DOMAIN OF MOUSE ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE (MODC) TO THE C-TERMINAL END OF THE CODON-OPTIMIZED BILIRUBIN-INDUCIBLE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN, DESIGNATED AS DBIFP, AND SHOW THAT THE DBIFP PROTEIN IS HIGHLY DESTABILIZED, COMPARED WITH THE COMMONLY-USED EGFP PROTEIN. WE FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THAT THE DBIFP SIGNAL IS EFFECTIVELY DOWN-REGULATED WHEN THE DBIFP AND MOUSE LNCRNA H19 CHIMERIC TRANSCRIPT IS SILENCED BY MOUSE H19-SPECIFIC SIRNAS. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT THE DBIFP FUSION PROTEIN MAY SERVE AS A SENSITIVE AND DYNAMIC TRANSCRIPT REPORTER TO MONITOR THE INHIBITION OF LNCRNAS BY MICRORNAS, SYNTHETIC REGULATORY RNA MOLECULES, RNA BINDING PROTEINS, AND/OR SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS SO THAT NOVEL AND EFFICACIOUS INHIBITORS TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC CIRCUIT CAN BE DISCOVERED TO TREAT HUMAN DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19 5918  24 TARGETING BMI-1 IN B CELLS RESTORES EFFECTIVE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES AND CONTROLS CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION. INEFFECTIVE ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RESPONSES ARE A KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION. HOWEVER, OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTRINSIC MECHANISMS THAT DRIVE THIS DYSREGULATION ARE UNCLEAR. HERE, WE IDENTIFY THAT TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC MODIFIER BMI-1 IN MICE IMPROVES HUMORAL RESPONSES TO CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS. BMI-1 WAS UPREGULATED BY GERMINAL CENTER B CELLS IN CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTION, CORRELATING WITH CHANGES TO THE ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN LANDSCAPE, COMPARED TO ACUTE INFECTION. B CELL-INTRINSIC DELETION OF BMI1 ACCELERATED VIRAL CLEARANCE, REDUCED SPLENOMEGALY AND RESTORED SPLENIC ARCHITECTURE. DELETION OF BMI1 RESTORED C-MYC EXPRESSION IN B CELLS, CONCOMITANT WITH IMPROVED QUALITY OF ANTIBODY AND COUPLED WITH REDUCED ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELL NUMBERS. SPECIFICALLY, BMI-1-DEFICIENCY INDUCED ANTIBODY WITH INCREASED NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY AND ENHANCED ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT EFFECTOR FUNCTION. USING A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR TO MURINE BMI-1, WE COULD DEPLETE ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS AND PROHIBIT DETRIMENTAL IMMUNE COMPLEX FORMATION IN VIVO. THIS STUDY DEFINES BMI-1 AS A CRUCIAL IMMUNE MODIFIER THAT CONTROLS ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RESPONSES IN CHRONIC INFECTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
20 3390  38 HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS INDUCED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY. PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) HAVE TO TAKE AN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) FOR LIFE AND SHOW NONCOMMUNICABLE ILLNESSES SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, AND MULTIORGAN DYSREGULATION. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT LONG-TERM USE OF ART INDUCES COMORBID CONDITIONS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE IN PLWH. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS (ARVS) INDUCED HEART FAILURE IS UNCLEAR. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISM OF ARVS INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION, WE PERFORMED GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING OF ARVS TREATED NEONATAL RAT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOCYTES IN CULTURE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY RNA-SEQUENCING. OUR DATA SHOW THAT ARVS TREATMENT CAUSES UPREGULATION OF SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOTOXICITY, HYPERTROPHY, AND HEART FAILURE. GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE VALIDATED IN CARDIAC TISSUE ISOLATED FROM HIV PATIENTS HAVING A HISTORY OF ART. INTERESTINGLY, WE FOUND THAT HOMEODOMAIN-ONLY PROTEIN HOMEOBOX (HOPX) EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN CARDIOMYOCYTES TREATED WITH ARVS AND IN THE HEART TISSUE OF HIV PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ARVS MEDIATED CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY. MECHANISTICALLY, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION, THROUGH DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE, WHILE THE HDAC INHIBITOR, TRICHOSTATIN A, CAN RESTORE THE ACETYLATION LEVEL OF HISTONE 3 IN THE PRESENCE OF ARVS.	2021