1  671 135 BOTHROPS MOOJENI L-AMINO ACID OXIDASE INDUCES APOPTOSIS AND EPIGENETIC MODULATION ON BCR-ABL(+) CELLS. BACKGROUND: RESISTANCE TO APOPTOSIS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTITUTIVE TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVITY OF THE BCR-ABL ONCOPROTEIN. THE DEREGULATED EXPRESSION OF APOPTOSIS-RELATED GENES AND ALTERATION IN EPIGENETIC MACHINERY MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE IN CML. TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS TARGET THE BCR-ABL ONCOPROTEIN AND ARE USED IN CML TREATMENT. THE RESISTANCE OF CML PATIENTS TO TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS HAS GUIDED THE SEARCH FOR NEW COMPOUNDS THAT MAY INDUCE APOPTOSIS IN BCR-ABL(+) LEUKEMIC CELLS AND IMPROVE THE DISEASE TREATMENT. METHODS: IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER THE L-AMINO ACID OXIDASE ISOLATED FROM BOTHROPS MOOJENI SNAKE VENOM (BMOOLAAO-I) (I) WAS CYTOTOXIC TO BCR-ABL(+) CELL LINES (HL-60.BCR-ABL, K562-S, AND K562-R), HL-60 (ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA) CELLS, THE NON-TUMOR CELL LINE HEK-293, AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC); AND (II) AFFECTED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION AND MICRORNAS EXPRESSION IN VITRO. RESULTS: BMOOLAAO-I INDUCED ROS PRODUCTION, APOPTOSIS, AND DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERN OF REGULATORY APOPTOSIS GENES. THE TOXIN UPREGULATED EXPRESSION OF THE PRO-APOPTOTIC GENES BID AND FADD AND DOWNREGULATED DFFA EXPRESSION IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES, AS WELL AS INCREASED MIR-16 EXPRESSION - WHOSE MAJOR PREDICTED TARGET IS THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC GENE BCL2 - IN BCR-ABL(+) CELLS. CONCLUSION: BMOOLAAO-I EXERTS SELECTIVE ANTITUMOR ACTION MEDIATED BY H(2)O(2) RELEASE AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS, AND ALTERATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. THESE RESULTS SUPPORT FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF BMOOLAAO-I ON IN VIVO MODELS TO DETERMINE ITS POTENTIAL IN CML THERAPY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2 2763  34 EXPRESSION OF THE LEUKEMIC PROGNOSTIC MARKER CD7 IS LINKED TO EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: EXPRESSION LEVELS OF THE CELL SURFACE GLYCOPROTEIN, CD7, AND THE SERINE PROTEASE, ELASTASE 2 (ELA2), IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL OUTCOME. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE THE VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF THESE GENES IN THE LEUKEMIC CELLS. RESULTS: TO ADDRESS THIS QUESTION, WE COMPARED THE LEVEL OF THEIR EXPRESSION WITH THE DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION STATUS OF 5' SEQUENCES OF BOTH GENES IN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES AND PRIMITIVE (LIN-CD34+) LEUKEMIC CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENTS. DNA METHYLATION OF THE ELA2 GENE PROMOTER DID NOT CORRELATE WITH ITS EXPRESSION PATTERN IN LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CHRONIC PHASE CML PATIENT SAMPLES EVEN THOUGH THERE WAS CLEAR DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF THIS LOCUS IN ELA2-EXPRESSING AND NON-EXPRESSING CELL LINES. IN CONTRAST, WE FOUND A STRONG RELATION BETWEEN CD7 EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTION-PERMISSIVE CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS, BOTH AT THE LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE ACETYLATION WITH EVIDENCE OF HYPOMETHYLATION OF THE CD7 PROMOTER REGION IN THE LIN-CD34+ CELLS FROM CML PATIENTS WITH HIGH CD7 EXPRESSION. CONCLUSION: THESE FINDINGS INDICATE A LINK BETWEEN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND CD7 EXPRESSION IN PRIMITIVE CML CELLS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
3 5775  39 SPERMIDINE/SPERMINE N(1)-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY ASSOCIATES WITH WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT IN MYELOID LEUKEMIAS. THE METABOLISM OF POLYAMINES, THE CATIONIC SMALL MOLECULES ESSENTIAL FOR CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, IS ALTERED IN CANCER CELLS AND CAN BE EXPLOITED IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY. SPERMIDINE/SPERMINE N(1)-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (SSAT), WHICH REGULATES INTRACELLULAR LEVELS OF POLYAMINES BY CATABOLIZING SPERMIDINE AND SPERMINE, HAS A CONTROVERSIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCERS. IN THIS STUDY, THE POLYAMINE METABOLISM AND FUNCTION OF SSAT WERE CHARACTERIZED IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML), CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML), AND ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA PATIENT SAMPLES. ALSO, MICE OVEREXPRESSING SSAT AND HAVING A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE PHENOTYPE WERE ANALYZED FOR THEIR RESPONSE TO DECITABINE AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR TRICHOSTATIN A. THE PRESENCE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE BONE MARROW CELLS OF SSAT MICE WAS ANALYZED. ELEVATED LEVELS OF SPERMIDINE AND SPERMINE, AS WELL AS INCREASED ACTIVITY OF SSAT, WERE DETECTED IN AML, CML, AND ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE CONTROLS. HOWEVER, WE FOUND SSAT ACTIVITY TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT ONLY IN AML AND CML PATIENTS. DECITABINE TREATMENT BROUGHT THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND BONE MARROW CELL COUNTS OF SSAT MICE TO THE LEVEL OF WILD-TYPE MICE. SPERMIDINE/SPERMINE N(1)-ACETYLTRANSFERASE MICE HAD INCREASED HISTONE METHYLATION AND AN INCREASED LEVEL OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1 IN THEIR BONE MARROW CELLS. THE STUDY SUGGESTS THAT SSAT INFLUENCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYELOID MALIGNANCIES, AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS PARTLY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SSAT OVEREXPRESSION-INDUCED MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE IN MICE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4 2888  44 GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATION OF GATA-2 IN ACUTE MYELOID TRANSFORMATION OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. ACQUISITION OF ADDITIONAL GENETIC AND/OR EPIGENETIC ABNORMALITIES OTHER THAN THE BCR/ABL FUSION GENE IS BELIEVED TO CAUSE DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) FROM CHRONIC PHASE TO BLAST CRISIS (BC). TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF PROGRESSION TO BC, WE SCREENED DNA SAMPLES FROM CML PATIENTS DURING BLAST TRANSFORMATION FOR MUTATIONS IN A NUMBER OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENES THAT ARE CRITICAL FOR MYELOID-LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT. IN 85 CASES OF CML BLAST TRANSFORMATION, WE IDENTIFIED TWO NEW MUTATIONS IN THE CODING REGION OF GATA-2, A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELL DIFFERENTIATION. A L359V SUBSTITUTION WITHIN ZINC FINGER DOMAIN (ZF) 2 OF GATA-2 WAS FOUND IN EIGHT CASES WITH MYELOMONOBLASTIC FEATURES, WHEREAS AN IN-FRAME DELETION OF 6 AA (DELTA341-346) SPANNING THE C-TERMINAL BORDER OF ZF1 WAS DETECTED IN ONE PATIENT AT MYELOID BC WITH EOSINOPHILIA. FURTHER STUDIES INDICATED THAT L359V NOT ONLY INCREASED TRANSACTIVATION ACTIVITY OF GATA-2 BUT ALSO ENHANCED ITS INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON THE ACTIVITY OF PU.1, A MAJOR REGULATOR OF MYELOPOIESIS. CONSISTENT WITH THE MYELOMONOBLASTIC FEATURES OF CML TRANSFORMATION WITH THE GATA-2 L359V MUTANT, TRANSDUCTION OF THE GATA-2 L359V MUTANT INTO HL-60 CELLS OR BCR/ABL-HARBORING MURINE CELLS DISTURBED MYELOMONOCYTIC DIFFERENTIATION/PROLIFERATION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, RESPECTIVELY. THESE DATA STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT GATA-2 MUTATIONS MAY PLAY A ROLE IN ACUTE MYELOID TRANSFORMATION IN A SUBSET OF CML PATIENTS.	2008	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
5 1334  33 DEREGULATION OF AIOLOS EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY A CLONAL ACCUMULATION OF MATURE NEOPLASTIC B CELLS THAT ARE RESISTANT TO APOPTOSIS. AIOLOS, A MEMBER OF THE IKAROS FAMILY OF ZINC-FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF MATURE B LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND MATURATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOWED THAT AIOLOS EXPRESSION IS UP-REGULATED IN B-CLL CELLS. THIS OVEREXPRESSION DOES NOT IMPLICATE ISOFORM IMBALANCE OR DISTURB AIOLOS SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION. THE CHROMATIN STATUS AT THE AIOLOS PROMOTER IN CLL IS DEFINED BY THE DEMETHYLATION OF DNA AND AN ENRICHMENT OF EUCHROMATIN ASSOCIATED HISTONE MARKERS, SUCH AS THE DIMETHYLATION OF THE LYSINE 4 ON HISTONE H3. THESE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS SHOULD ALLOW ITS UPSTREAM EFFECTORS, SUCH AS NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB, CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED IN CLL, TO GAIN ACCESS TO PROMOTER, RESULTING UP-REGULATION OF AIOLOS. TO DETERMINE THE CONSEQUENCES OF AIOLOS DEREGULATION IN CLL, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECTS OF AIOLOS OVEREXPRESSION OR DOWN-REGULATION ON APOPTOSIS. AIOLOS IS INVOLVED IN CELL SURVIVAL BY REGULATING THE EXPRESSION OF SOME BCL-2 FAMILY MEMBERS. OUR RESULTS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT AIOLOS DEREGULATION BY EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY BE A HALLMARK OF CLL.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
6 5101  32 POLYCOMB FACTOR PHF19 CONTROLS CELL GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION TOWARD ERYTHROID PATHWAY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELLS. POLYCOMB GROUP (PCG) OF PROTEINS ARE A GROUP OF HIGHLY CONSERVED EPIGENETIC REGULATORS INVOLVED IN MANY BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS, SUCH AS EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, CELL PROLIFERATION, AND ADULT STEM CELL DETERMINATION. PHD FINGER PROTEIN 19 (PHF19) IS AN ASSOCIATED FACTOR OF POLYCOMB REPRESSOR COMPLEX 2 (PRC2), OFTEN UPREGULATED IN HUMAN CANCERS. IN PARTICULAR, MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINES SHOW INCREASED LEVELS OF PHF19, YET LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS FUNCTION. HERE, WE HAVE CHARACTERIZED THE ROLE OF PHF19 IN MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELLS. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT PHF19 DEPLETION DECREASES CELL PROLIFERATION AND PROMOTES CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) DIFFERENTIATION. MECHANISTICALLY, WE HAVE SHOWN HOW PHF19 REGULATES THE PROLIFERATION OF CML THROUGH A DIRECT REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE INHIBITOR P21. FURTHERMORE, WE OBSERVED THAT MTF2, A PHF19 HOMOLOG, PARTIALLY COMPENSATES FOR PHF19 DEPLETION IN A SUBSET OF TARGET GENES, INSTRUCTING SPECIFIC ERYTHROID DIFFERENTIATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT PHF19 IS A KEY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR FOR CELL FATE DETERMINATION AND COULD BE A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR MYELOID LEUKEMIA TREATMENT.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
7 5934  27 TARGETING FEATURES OF CURAXIN CBL0137 ON HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. THE ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CURAXIN CBL0137, A DNA-BINDING SMALL MOLECULE WITH CHROMATIN REMODULATING EFFECT, HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN DIFFERENT CANCERS. HEREIN, A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CBL0137 ACTIVITY WAS PERFORMED IN RESPECT TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML), ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL), CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM) CULTURED IN VITRO. MTT ASSAY SHOWED AML AND MM HIGHER SENSITIVITY TO CBL0137'S CYTOSTATIC EFFECT COMPARATIVELY TO OTHER HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY CELLS. FLOW CYTOMETRY CELL CYCLE ANALYSIS REVEALED AN INCREASE IN SUBG1 AND G2/M POPULATIONS AFTER CBL0137 CELL TREATMENT, BUT THE PREVALENT TYPE OF ARREST VARIED. APOPTOSIS ACTIVATION BY CBL0137 MEASURED BY ANNEXIN-V/PI DUAL STAINING WAS MORE ACTIVE IN AML AND MM CELLS. RT2 PCR ARRAY SHOWED THAT CHANGES CAUSED BY CBL0137 IN SIGNALING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN CANCER PATHOGENESIS WERE MORE INTENSIVE IN AML AND MM CELLS. ON THE MURINE MODEL OF AML WEHI-3, CBL0137 SHOWED SIGNIFICANT ANTICANCER EFFECTS IN VIVO, WHICH WERE EVALUATED BY CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN SPLEEN AND LIVER. THUS, MORE PRONOUNCED ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF CBL0137 IN VITRO WERE OBSERVED IN RESPECT TO AML AND MM. EXPERIMENTS IN VIVO ALSO INDICATED THE PERSPECTIVE OF CBL0137 USE FOR AML TREATMENT. THIS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FRONTLINE TREATMENT APPROACH IN AML USING EPIGENETIC DRUGS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
8 3898  37 LARGE-SCALE TOPOLOGICAL DISRUPTION OF CHROMOSOME TERRITORIES 9 AND 22 IS ASSOCIATED WITH NONRESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN CML. CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF T(9;22) TRANSLOCATION WHOSE ORIGIN HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRIDIMENSIONAL GENOME ORGANIZATION. THIS REARRANGEMENT LEADS TO THE FUSION OF BCR AND ABL1 GENES GIVING RISE TO A CHIMERIC PROTEIN WITH CONSTITUTIVE KINASE ACTIVITY. IMATINIB, A TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR (TKI), IS USED AS A FIRST-LINE TREATMENT FOR CML, THOUGH ~40% OF CML PATIENTS DO NOT RESPOND. HERE, USING STRUCTURED ILLUMINATION MICROSCOPY (SIM) AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION, WE STUDIED THE 3D ORGANIZATION PATTERNS OF THE ABL1 AND BCR GENES, AND THEIR CHROMOSOME TERRITORIES (CTS) CT9 AND CT22, IN CD34+ CELLS FROM CML PATIENTS THAT RESPONDED OR NOT TO TKI. WE FOUND THAT TKI RESISTANCE IN CML IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL DISRUPTION OF CT9 AND CT22 IN CD34+ CELLS, INCREASED CT VOLUMES (ESPECIALLY FOR CT22), INTERMINGLING BETWEEN CT9 AND CT22, AND AN OPEN-CHROMATIN EPIGENETIC MARK IN CT22. ALTOGETHER OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LARGE-SCALE DISRUPTION OF CT9 AND CT22 CORRELATES WITH THE CLINICAL RESPONSE OF CML PATIENTS, WHICH COULD BE TRANSLATED INTO A POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC MARKER OF RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN THIS DISEASE AND PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING RESISTANCE TO TKI IN CML.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9 1843  41 EFFECTS OF TELOMERASE INHIBITOR ON EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYMES IN MALIGNANCIES. TELOMERASE HAS A CRITICAL ROLE IN CELL PROLIFERATION, TUMOR MAINTAINING, AND THERAPY RESISTANCE, WHICH ACT BY MODIFYING MANY SIGNALING PATHWAYS. 2-[(E)-3-NAPHTALEN-2-YL-BUT-2-ENOYLAMINO]-BENZOIC ACID (BIBR1532) IS ONE OF THE MOST STUDIED TELOMERASE INHIBITORS, AND IT TARGETS TELOMERASE COMPONENTS TERC AND TERT. IN THIS NOVEL STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE EPIGENETIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 ON BOTH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS. K-562 HUMAN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELL LINE AND U87MG GLIOBLASTOMA CELL LINE WERE COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS WITHOUT BIBR1532 TREATMENT. CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETERMINED BY USING WST-1 ASSAY. APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF BIBR1532 WERE DETECTED BY USING ANNEXIN V METHOD. TO ASSESS EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE HUMAN EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATION ENZYME GENES, TOTAL RNA WAS ISOLATED FROM K-562 AND U87MG CELLS TREATED WITH BIBR1532 AND UNTREATED CONTROL CELLS. BIBR1532 INDUCED 2.41-FOLD APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN U87MG CELL LINES COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUPS. APOPTOSIS WAS SLIGHTLY INDUCED IN K-562 CELLS WITH BIBR1532 TREATMENT COMPARED WITH CONTROL CELLS. WE OBSERVED THAT BIBR1532 ALSO REGULATES SIMILAR GENES IN BOTH CELL LINES, AND IT IS USEFUL ON EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. AS A RESULT, TELOMERASE INHIBITOR BIBR1532 HAS A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON BOTH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES AND SOLID TUMORS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10  145  40 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND MRNA EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY. OOBJECTIVE: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS A MYELOPROLIFERATIVE MALIGNANCY WITH DIFFERENT STAGES. ABERRANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED AS A SIGNATURE FOR DIVERSE CANCERS WHICH ALSO PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CML PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT. SUPPRESSOR WITH MORPHOGENETIC EFFECT ON GENITALIA (SMG1) GENE RECENTLY HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO THE SPOTLIGHT AS A POTENT TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE THAT CAN BE SUPPRESSED BY TUMORS FOR FURTHER PROGRESS. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE SMG1 STATUS IN CML PATIENTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS CASE-CONTROL STUDY, PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROM 30 PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML [NEW CASE (N)=10, COMPLETE MOLECULAR REMISSION (CMR)=10, BLASTIC PHASE (BP)=10] AND 10 HEALTHY SUBJECTS WERE COLLECTED. METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTER WAS ASSESSED BY METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MSP) AND QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION PCR, RESPECTIVELY. RESULTS: MSP RESULTS OF SMG1 GENE PROMOTOR IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WERE METHYLATED (60% METHYLATED, 30% HEMIMETHYLATED AND 10% UNMETHYLATED). ALL CMR AND CONTROL GROUP PATIENTS WERE UNMETHYLATED IN THE SMG1 GENE PROMOTER. IN THE BP GROUP, METHYLATED SMG1 PROMOTER WAS SEEN (50% OF PATIENTS HAD A METHYLATED STATUS AND 50% HAD HEMIMETHYLATED STATUS). IN COMPARISON WITH THE HEALTHY SUBJECTS, EXPRESSION LEVEL OF SMG1 IN THE NEW CASE GROUP WAS DECREASED (P<0.01); IN THE CMR GROUP AND BP-CML GROUPS, IT WAS INCREASED (P<0.05). NO SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN PATIENTS' HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SMG1 METHYLATION WAS SEEN. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT ABERRANT METHYLATION OF SMG1 OCCURRED IN CML PATIENTS AND IT HAD A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH SMG1 EXPRESSION. SMG1 GENE PROMOTER SHOWED DIVERSE METHYLATED STATUS AND SUBSEQUENT EXPRESSION LEVELS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF CML. THESE FINDINGS SUGGESTED POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF SMG1 SUPPRESSION IN THE CML PATHOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
11 1234  27 CRYPTOTANSHINONE SUPPRESSES KEY ONCO-PROLIFERATIVE AND DRUG-RESISTANT PATHWAYS OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA BY TARGETING STAT5 AND STAT3 PHOSPHORYLATION. C-MYC AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (STAT) FAMILY PROTEINS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO BE IMPORTANT DOWNSTREAM GENES OF BCR-ABL, WHICH CHARACTERIZES MOST CASES OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). HERE, WE REPORT A C-MYC PATHWAY-TARGETED SCREENING OF SEVEN NATURAL ANTICANCER COMPOUNDS, IN WHICH WE IDENTIFIED CRYPTOTANSHINONE AS A HIGHLY PROMISING AGENT FOR CML THERAPY. CRYPTOTANSHINONE DEPLETES C-MYC IN CML BY REPRESSING THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF STAT5. DECREASED VIABILITY OF K562 CELLS CORRELATED WITH P-STAT5 SUPPRESSION. UNEXPECTEDLY, IMATINIB ACTIVATES RATHER THAN INHIBITS THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF STAT3 IN K562 CELLS. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT CRYPTOTANSHINONE, AS A DUAL INHIBITOR OF P-STAT5 AND P-STAT3, CAN EFFECTIVELY BLOCK IL-6-MEDIATED STAT3 ACTIVATION AND REVERSE BCR-ABL KINASE-INDEPENDENT DRUG RESISTANCE. MOREOVER, WE SHOWED THAT THE EPIGENETIC REBALANCE BETWEEN DECREASED BCR-ABL/STAT5/C-MYC AND ENHANCED STAT3/MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) PATHWAYS IS CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CANCER STEM CELL-LIKE PROPERTY OF K562/ADR. SIMULTANEOUSLY SUPPRESSING THESE TWO PATHWAYS USING CRYPTOTANSHINONE PROVES TO BE CRITICAL FOR THE MALIGNANT NETWORK REDRESS AND MDR REVERSAL OF K562/ADR. THESE STUDIES REVEAL THE DUAL FUNCTIONS OF CRYPTOTANSHINONE THAT SUPPRESS KEY ONCOGENIC PROLIFERATION AND DRUG-RESISTANT PATHWAYS IN CML CELLS BY TARGETING P-STAT5 AND P-STAT3, PROVIDING A NEW STRATEGY FOR CML THERAPY THAT TAKES ADVANTAGE OF NATURAL PRODUCTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12  829  33 CHARACTERIZATION OF P190-BCR-ABL CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA REVEALS SPECIFIC SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. THE ONCOGENIC PROTEIN BCR-ABL HAS TWO MAJOR ISOFORMS, P190(BCR-ABL) AND P210(BCR-ABL). WHILE P210(BCR-ABL) IS THE HALLMARK OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML), P190(BCR-ABL) OCCURS IN THE MAJORITY OF PHILADELPHIA-POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (PH + ALL) PATIENTS. IN CML, P190(BCR-ABL) OCCURS IN A MINORITY OF PATIENTS ASSOCIATING WITH DISTINCT HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES AND INFERIOR OUTCOMES, YET THE PATHOGENIC ROLE OF P190(BCR-ABL) AND POTENTIAL TARGETING THERAPIES ARE LARGELY UNCHARACTERIZED. WE EMPLOYED NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING, PHOSPHO-PROTEOMIC PROFILING, AND DRUG SENSITIVITY TESTING TO CHARACTERIZE P190(BCR-ABL) IN CML AND HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELL LINE MODELS (BA/F3 AND HPC-LSK). P190(BCR-ABL) CML PATIENTS DEMONSTRATED POOR RESPONSE TO IMATINIB AND FREQUENT MUTATIONS IN EPIGENETIC MODIFIERS GENES. IN CONTRAST WITH P210(BCR-ABL), P190(BCR-ABL) EXHIBITED SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL UPREGULATION OF INTERFERON, INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR, AND P53 SIGNALING PATHWAYS, ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION OF RELEVANT SIGNALING MOLECULES INCLUDING JAK1/STAT1 AND PAK1 IN ADDITION TO SRC HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION. COMPARABLE TO P190(BCR-ABL) CML PATIENTS, P190(BCR-ABL) CELL LINES DEMONSTRATED SIMILAR TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND PHOSPHO-SIGNALING SIGNATURES. WITH THE DRUG SENSITIVITY SCREENING WE IDENTIFIED TARGETED DRUGS WITH SPECIFIC ACTIVITY IN P190(BCR-ABL) CELL LINES INCLUDING IAP-, PAK1-, AND SRC INHIBITORS AND GLUCOCORTICOIDS. OUR RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DISTINCT FEATURES OF P190(BCR-ABL) CML AND PROMISING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR THIS HIGH-RISK PATIENT GROUP.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
13 3484  40 IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING GENES ARID4A AND ARID4B AS LEUKEMIA SUPPRESSOR GENES. BACKGROUND: LEUKEMIA EVOLVES THROUGH A MULTISTEP PROCESS FROM PREMALIGNANCY TO MALIGNANCY. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, INCLUDING HISTONE MODIFICATIONS, HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN TUMORIGENESIS. THE INVOLVEMENT OF TWO CHROMATIN REMODELING GENES, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (RBBP1/ARID4A) AND RBBP1-LIKE 1 (RBBP1L1/ARID4B), IN LEUKEMOGENESIS WAS NOT CHARACTERIZED. METHODS: THE LEUKEMIC PHENOTYPE OF MICE DEFICIENT FOR ARID4A WITH OR WITHOUT HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY FOR ARID4B WAS INVESTIGATED BY SERIALLY MONITORING COMPLETE BLOOD COUNTS TOGETHER WITH MICROSCOPIC HISTOLOGIC ANALYSIS AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF BONE MARROW AND SPLEEN FROM THE ARID4A(-/-) MICE OR ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) MICE. REGULATION IN BONE MARROW CELLS OF DOWNSTREAM GENES IMPORTANT FOR NORMAL HEMATOPOIESIS WAS ANALYZED BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. GENOTYPIC EFFECTS ON HISTONE MODIFICATIONS WERE EXAMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS. ALL STATISTICAL TESTS WERE TWO-SIDED. RESULTS: YOUNG (2-5 MONTHS OLD) ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE HAD INEFFECTIVE BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IN ALL HEMATOPOIETIC LINEAGES. BEYOND 5 MONTHS OF AGE, THE ARID4A(-/-) MICE MANIFESTED MONOCYTOSIS, ACCOMPANIED BY SEVERE ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA. THESE SICK ARID4A(-/-) MICE SHOWED BONE MARROW FAILURE WITH MYELOFIBROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SPLENOMEGALY AND HEPATOMEGALY. FIVE OF 42 ARID4A(-/-) MICE AND 10 OF 12 ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) MICE PROGRESSED TO ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) AND HAD RAPID FURTHER INCREASES OF LEUKOCYTE COUNTS. EXPRESSION OF HOX GENES (HOXB3, HOXB5, HOXB6, AND HOXB8) WAS DECREASED IN ARID4A-DEFICIENT BONE MARROW CELLS WITH OR WITHOUT ARID4B HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY, AND FOXP3 EXPRESSION WAS REDUCED IN ARID4A(-/-)ARID4B(+/-) BONE MARROW. INCREASES OF HISTONE TRIMETHYLATION OF H3K4, H3K9, AND H4K20 (FOLD INCREASES IN TRIMETHYLATION = 32, 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] = 27 TO 32; 45, 95% CI = 41 TO 49; AND 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7 TO 2.7, RESPECTIVELY) WERE OBSERVED IN THE BONE MARROW OF ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE. CONCLUSIONS: ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE INITIALLY DISPLAY INEFFECTIVE HEMATOPOIESIS, FOLLOWED BY TRANSITION TO CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML)-LIKE MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER, AND THEN TRANSFORMATION TO AML. THE DISEASE PROCESSES IN THE ARID4A-DEFICIENT MICE ARE VERY SIMILAR TO THE COURSE OF EVENTS IN HUMANS WITH CMML AND AML. THIS MOUSE MODEL HAS THE POTENTIAL TO FURNISH ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN LEUKEMOGENESIS, AND IT MAY BE USEFUL IN DEVELOPING NOVEL PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF PRELEUKEMIC AND LEUKEMIC STATES.	2008	

14 1629  25 DNMT3A ARG882 MUTATION DRIVES CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA THROUGH DISTURBING GENE EXPRESSION/DNA METHYLATION IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS. THE GENE ENCODING DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A (DNMT3A) IS MUTATED IN APPROXIMATELY 20% OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA CASES, WITH ARG882 (R882) AS THE HOTSPOT. HERE, WE ADDRESSED THE TRANSFORMATION ABILITY OF THE DNMT3A-ARG882HIS (R882H) MUTANT BY USING A RETROVIRAL TRANSDUCTION AND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (BMT) APPROACH AND FOUND THAT THE MUTANT GENE CAN INDUCE ABERRANT PROLIFERATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS. AT 12 MO POST-BMT, ALL MICE DEVELOPED CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH THROMBOCYTOSIS. RNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS REVEALED ABNORMAL EXPRESSIONS OF SOME HEMATOPOIESIS-RELATED GENES, AND THE DNA METHYLATION ASSAY IDENTIFIED CORRESPONDING CHANGES IN METHYLATION PATTERNS IN GENE BODY REGIONS. MOREOVER, DNMT3A-R882H INCREASED THE CDK1 PROTEIN LEVEL AND ENHANCED CELL-CYCLE ACTIVITY, THEREBY CONTRIBUTING TO LEUKEMOGENESIS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
15 2432  36 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-708 ENHANCES NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND THEIR DEREGULATION IS INVOLVED IN TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. EPIGENETIC GENE SILENCING IN CANCER BY DNA METHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE SILENCING OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES, INCLUDING MIRNAS. WE HAVE RECENTLY SHOWN THAT THE PROMOTER OF MIR-708 IS ABERRANTLY METHYLATED IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). TO CHARACTERIZE THE MOLECULAR SIGNALING NETWORKS THAT ARE INFLUENCED BY MIR-708, WE PERFORMED A LUCIFERASE-BASED SCREEN EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ECTOPIC MIR-708 EXPRESSION ON LEUKEMIA-RELEVANT SIGNALING PATHWAYS. WE FOUND THAT MIR-708 STRONGLY REPRESSED NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING, A PATHWAY KNOWN TO BE DEREGULATED IN CLL. AMONG THE PREDICTED MIR-708 TARGETS WAS IKKBETA (INHIBITOR OF KAPPA LIGHT POLYPEPTIDE GENE ENHANCER IN B CELLS, KINASE-BETA/IKBKB), A KEY KINASE FACILITATING NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING. WE VALIDATED THE INTERACTION OF MIR-708 WITH THE 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION OF IKKBETA AND FOUND THAT MIR-708 OVEREXPRESSION REPRESSES ENDOGENOUS IKKBETA. PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE IKKBETA TARGET IKAPPABALPHA AND EXPRESSION OF KNOWN NF-KAPPAB TARGET GENES WERE IMPAIRED BY MIR-708. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED AN ENHANCER REGION DOWNSTREAM OF THE MIR-708 PROMOTER THAT DISPLAYS A DISTINCT DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN CLL. HIGH ENHANCER METHYLATION IS SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH LOWER MIR-708 EXPRESSION AND IS PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH POOR PROGNOSIS AND SHORTER TIME TO TREATMENT. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT MIR-708 REGULATES THE NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY BY TARGETING IKKBETA, AND THAT METHYLATION OF A KEY ENHANCER REGION CONTRIBUTES TO ITS SUPPRESSION IN CLL.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16 2304  39 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CATHEPSIN L EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA. THE EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CATHEPSIN L (CTSL) HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED IN SOLID TUMOURS. HOWEVER NO SUCH INFORMATION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA (CML) WAS AVAILABLE. WE INVESTIGATED THE ACTIVITY AND EXPRESSION OF THIS PROTEASE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF 47 ADULT CML PATIENTS. THIRTY ADULTS SUFFERING FROM SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND 50 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS SERVED AS CONTROLS. THE MRNA LEVELS OF CTSL, ITS SPECIFIC ENDOGENOUS INHIBITOR CYSTATIN C AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL UP-REGULATOR VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) WERE QUANTITATED BY REAL-TIME QPCR. CTSL PROTEASE ACTIVITY AND ITS MRNA EXPRESSION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN CML CHRONIC PHASE (CP) PATIENTS COMPARED TO CML ACCELERATED PHASE/BLAST CRISIS (AP/BC) PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (P</= 0.001). VEGF WHOSE EXPRESSION WAS MOST PRONOUNCED IN CP AND DECLINED (P</= 0.001) IN THE ADVANCED PHASES OF THE MALIGNANCY EXHIBITED A STRONG POSITIVE CORRELATION WITH CTSL EXPRESSION (R= 0.97; P</= 0.001). CYSTATIN C EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER (P</= 0.001) IN CML AND DISPLAYED INVERSE CORRELATION WITH CTSL (R=-0.713; P</= 0.001) ACTIVITY. CTSL PROMOTER WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HYPOMETHYLATED IN CML CP COMPARED TO CML AP/BC PATIENTS AS WELL AS CONTROLS. K562, A BC CML CELL LINE DISPLAYED CTSL ACTIVITY, EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF CTSL PROMOTER THAT WAS COMPARABLE TO CML AP/BC PATIENTS. TREATMENT OF THESE CELLS OR PBMCS ISOLATED FROM CML AP/BC PATIENTS WITH 5'-AZA-CYTIDINE RESULTED IN A DRAMATIC INCREASE IN CSTL ACTIVITY AND/OR EXPRESSION THEREBY DEMONSTRATING THE ROLE OF PROMOTER METHYLATION IN THE STAGE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF CTSL IN CML. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF CTSL IN CML AT VARIOUS STAGES OF MALIGNANCY MAY PROVE USEFUL IN IDENTIFICATION OF THE HIGH-RISK PATIENTS THEREBY FACILITATING BETTER MANAGEMENT OF DISEASE.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
17 5608  33 RUNX1-EVI1 DISRUPTS LINEAGE DETERMINATION AND THE CELL CYCLE BY INTERFERING WITH RUNX1 AND EVI1 DRIVEN GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS. HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES ARE CHARACTERISED BY A BLOCK IN DIFFERENTIATION, WHICH IN MANY CASES IS CAUSED BY RECURRENT MUTATIONS AFFECTING THE ACTIVITY OF HEMATOPOIETIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. RUNX1-EVI1 IS A FUSION PROTEIN FORMED BY THE T(3;21) TRANSLOCATION LINKING TWO TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS REQUIRED FOR NORMAL HEMATOPOIESIS. RUNX1-EVI1 EXPRESSION IS FOUND IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME, SECONDARY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA, AND BLAST CRISIS OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; WITH CLINICAL OUTCOMES BEING WORSE THAN IN PATIENTS WITH RUNX1-ETO, RUNX1 OR EVI1 MUTATIONS ALONE. RUNX1-EVI1 IS USUALLY FOUND AS A SECONDARY MUTATION, THEREFORE THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW RUNX1-EVI1 ALONE CONTRIBUTES TO POOR PROGNOSIS ARE UNKNOWN. TO ADDRESS THIS QUESTION, WE INDUCED EXPRESSION OF RUNX1-EVI1 IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS DERIVED FROM AN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION MODEL. INDUCTION RESULTED IN DISRUPTION OF THE RUNX1-DEPENDENT ENDOTHELIAL-HEMATOPOIETIC TRANSITION, BLOCKED THE CELL CYCLE AND UNDERMINED CELL FATE DECISIONS IN MULTIPOTENT HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS. INTEGRATIVE ANALYSES OF GENE EXPRESSION WITH CHROMATIN AND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING DATA DEMONSTRATED THAT RUNX1-EVI1 BINDING CAUSED THE RE-DISTRIBUTION OF ENDOGENOUS RUNX1 WITHIN THE GENOME AND INTERFERED WITH BOTH RUNX1 AND EVI1 REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMS. IN SUMMARY, RUNX1-EVI1 EXPRESSION ALONE LEADS TO EXTENSIVE EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING WHICH IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH HEALTHY BLOOD PRODUCTION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
18 2761  36 EXPRESSION OF TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES, TEX101 AND ODF4, IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND EVALUATION OF TEX101 IMMUNOGENICITY. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CANCER-TESTIS (CT) ANTIGENS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIGENS WITH A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES, EXCEPT TESTIS, AND THEY HAVE ABERRANT EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TUMORS. THIS PATTERN OF EXPRESSION HAS MADE THEM PROMISING TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER DETECTION. OUR AIM WAS TO FIND NEW MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL AS MARKERS IN THE DETECTION OF CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. DESIGN AND SETTING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN REFERRAL CENTERS OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FROM JANUARY 2008 TO JANUARY 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES NAMED ODF4 (OUTER DENSE FIBER OF SPERM TAILS 4) AND TEX101 (TESTIS EXPRESSED 101) IN 20 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) AND 20 NORMAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND SEQUENCING. IMMUNOGENICITY OF TEX101 WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS: THESE TWO GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN 30% OF CML PATIENTS BUT NOT IN ANY OF THE HEALTHY DONORS. HUMORAL RESPONSE AGAINST TEX101 WAS NOT DETECTED IN ANY SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: TEX101 AND ODF4 ARE CT GENES USEFUL FOR DETECTION OF CML. UNLIKE MANY CT GENES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 WAS NOT SHOWN TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES IN THESE SAMPLES. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS STUDIES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 LEADS TO SUPPRESSION OF CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS; THUS, THE INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF TEX101 IN CANCER BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE A TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
19 2887  32 GADD45A TRANSCRIPTIONAL INDUCTION ELICITED BY THE AURORA KINASE INHIBITOR MK-0457 IN BCR-ABL-EXPRESSING CELLS IS DRIVEN BY OCT-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. THE ADVANTAGE OF AURORA KINASE (AK) INHIBITORS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) THERAPY MOSTLY ARISES FROM "OFF-TARGET" EFFECTS ON TYROSINE KINASE (TK) ACTIVITY OF WILD TYPE (WT) OR MUTATED BCR-ABL PROTEINS WHICH DRIVE THE DISEASE RESISTANCE TO IMATINIB (IM). WE PROVED THAT THE AK INHIBITOR MK-0457 INDUCES THE GROWTH ARREST DNA DAMAGE-INDUCIBLE (GADD) 45A THROUGH RECRUITMENT OF OCTAMER-BINDING (OCT)-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AT A CRITICAL PROMOTER REGION FOR GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONE H3 (LYSINE 14 ACETYLATION, LYSINE 9 DE-METHYLATION). SUCH EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN MODIFICATIONS MAY DEPICT A GENERAL MECHANISM PROMOTING THE RE-ACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES SILENCED BY BCR-ABL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20 3128  42 GIPC-REGULATED IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO THROUGH A BETA1-INTEGRIN PATHWAY. BACKGROUND & AIMS: TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF-BETA)-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF QUIESCENT HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS (HSCS) AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION TO MYOFIBROBLASTS IS A KEY EVENT IN LIVER FIBROSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION. GIPC (ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN) IS A DOWNSTREAM SIGNAL ACTIVATION MOLECULE OF TGF-BETA AND OTHER RECEPTORS. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY NOVEL GENES TARGETED BY TGF-BETA AND GIPC AND ELUCIDATE IF AND HOW THEY MAY CONTRIBUTE TO LIVER FIBROSIS. METHODS: WE PERFORMED SEQUENTIAL MESSENGER RNA SEQUENCING ANALYSIS ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS AND THEN ON TGF-BETA-STIMULATED HSCS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF GIPC ALSO REFERRED TO AS SYNECTIN (GIPC) KNOCKDOWN. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-3 (IGFBP-3) TRANSPORT PROTEIN EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC. QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS WERE DONE FOR FURTHER CONFIRMATION. RESULTS: IGFBP-3, AN INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR TRANSPORT PROTEIN, EMERGED AS A TOP ACTIVATION TARGET OF BOTH TGF-BETA AND GIPC, WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY, AND WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS. TARGETED CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SHOWED THAT GIPC INCREASES THE HISTONE 3 LYSINE 27 (H3K27) ACETYLATION ACTIVATING MARK AND CONCURRENTLY DECREASES THE H3K27 INHIBITORY TRIMETHYLATION (H3K27M3) MARK, PROVIDING AN EPIGENETIC CORRELATE TO THE GENE REGULATION CHANGES. IN VIVO, GLOBAL KNOCKOUT OF IGFBP-3 MICE RESULTED IN ATTENUATION OF HSC ACTIVATION MARKERS AND ATTENUATION OF PORTAL PRESSURE IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC LIVER INJURY MODELS. ANALYSIS OF SERUM LEVELS FROM CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS ALSO SHOWED AN IGFBP-3 INCREASE OF MORE THAN 2-FOLD COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS. FINALLY, IN VITRO MECHANISM STUDIES SHOWED THAT IGFBP-3 PROMOTES HSC MIGRATION THROUGH INTEGRIN-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROTEIN KINASE B. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-BETA UP-REGULATES IGFBP-3 THROUGH GIPC, LEADING TO INCREASED HSC MIGRATION IN VITRO AND PROMOTES PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN VIVO. THESE STUDIES SUPPORT THE ROLE OF IGFBP-3 AS A POTENTIAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC TARGET OR BIOMARKER IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.	2020