1  600 106 BETA-DEFENSINS AND ANALOGS IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTIONS: MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS, DNA METHYLATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY. ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES CAN PROTECT THE GASTRIC MUCOSA FROM BACTERIA, BUT HELICOBACTER PYLORI (H. PYLORI) CAN EQUALLY COLONIZE THE GASTRIC APPARATUS. TO UNDERSTAND BETA-DEFENSIN FUNCTION IN H. PYLORI-ASSOCIATED CHRONIC GASTRITIS, WE INVESTIGATED SUSCEPTIBILITY, HUMAN BETA-DEFENSIN MRNA EXPRESSION, AND DNA METHYLATION CHANGES TO PROMOTERS IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH OR WITHOUT H. PYLORI INFECTION. WE STUDIED THE EXPRESSION OF HBD2 (GENE NAME DEFB4A), HBD3 (DEFB103A), AND HBD4 (DEFB104) USING REAL-TIME PCR IN 15 CONTROL AND 10 H. PYLORI INFECTION PATIENT GASTRIC SPECIMENS. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT H. PYLORI INFECTION IS RELATED TO GASTRIC ENHANCEMENT OF INDUCIBLE HBD2, BUT INDUCIBLE HBD3 AND HBD4 EXPRESSION LEVELS REMAINED UNCHANGED. HBD2 GENE METHYLATION LEVELS WERE OVERALL HIGHER IN H. PYLORI-NEGATIVE SAMPLES THAN IN H. PYLORI-POSITIVE SAMPLES. WE ALSO ASSESSED ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY USING GROWTH ON BLOOD AGAR. THE H. PYLORI STRAIN TOX+ WAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALL DEFENSINS TESTED AND THEIR ANALOGS (3N, 3NI). THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT HBD2 IS INVOLVED IN GASTRITIS DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY H. PYLORI, WHICH FACILITATES THE CREATION OF AN EPIGENETIC FIELD DURING H. PYLORI-ASSOCIATED GASTRIC TUMORIGENESIS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
2 1798  38 EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION ON GATA-5 AND TFF1 REGULATION, COMPARISON BETWEEN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS. BACKGROUND: GATA FACTORS, WHICH CONSTITUTE A FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTION REGULATORY PROTEINS, PARTICIPATE IN GASTROINTESTINAL DEVELOPMENT. TREFOIL FACTOR 1 (TFF1) PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MUCOSAL DEFENSE AND HEALING, AND EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT GATA-5 MEDIATED ITS REGULATION. GASTRIC CANCER IS A MULTIPLE-STEP PROCESS TRIGGERED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCUMULATION OF MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF H. PYLORI INFECTION ON THE REGULATION OF GATA-5 AND TFF1 IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. RESULTS: INFECTED CELLS EXHIBITED UPREGULATION OF GATA-5 AND TFF1 AFTER 48 H. AN INCREASE IN GATA-5 AND TFF1 MRNA LEVELS WAS ALSO FOUND IN MICE SAMPLES AFTER 6 AND 12 MONTHS OF INFECTION, RESPECTIVELY. IN HUMAN SAMPLES, WE FOUND AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN H. PYLORI INFECTION AND GATA-5 UPREGULATION. IN FACT, AMONG H. PYLORI-INFECTED PATIENTS, HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED IN 45.5% OF PEDIATRIC SAMPLES, IN 62.6% OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS SAMPLES, AND IN 63% OF GASTRIC CANCER SAMPLES. REGARDING TFF1, THE EXPRESSION LEVELS WERE SIMILAR IN PEDIATRICS AND ADULTS PATIENTS, AND WERE INDEPENDENT OF H. PYLORI INFECTION, AND THE EXPRESSION OF THESE FACTORS WAS DOWNREGULATED IN GASTRIC CANCER SAMPLES. GATA-5 PROMOTER METHYLATION WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASE IN TFF1 MRNA LEVELS. CONCLUSIONS: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE UPREGULATION OF GATA-5 AND TFF1 OBSERVED IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MAY BE CORRELATED WITH A PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE MUCOSA IN RESPONSE TO INFECTION. THE EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF GATA-5 OBSERVED IN HUMAN BIOPSIES FROM INFECTED PATIENTS MAY SUGGEST THAT THIS ALTERATION IS AN EARLY EVENT OCCURRING IN ASSOCIATION WITH H. PYLORI INFECTION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 3718  28 INHIBITION OF BCL6B PROMOTES GASTRIC CANCER BY AMPLIFYING INFLAMMATION IN MICE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC GASTRITIS HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO BE A KEY CAUSE OF GASTRIC CANCER (GC), AND CONTROL OF GASTRIC INFLAMMATION IS REGARDED AS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR THE CLINICAL PREVENTION OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, THERE REMAINS AN UNMET NEED TO IDENTIFY THE DOMINANT REGULATORS OF GASTRIC ONCOGENESIS-ASSOCIATED INFLAMMATION IN VIVO. METHODS: THE MOUSE MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED GC WAS INDUCED BY BENZO[A]PYRENE (BAP) INTRAGASTRIC ADMINISTRATION IN BCL6B(-/-) AND WILDTYPE MICE ON A C57BL/6 BACKGROUND. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA), THE DEMETHYLATION DRUG, WAS INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED TO RESTORE BCL6B EXPRESSION. HUMAN GC TISSUE ARRAY WAS USED TO ANALYSE PATIENT SURVIVAL BASED ON BCL6B AND CD3 PROTEIN EXPRESSION. RESULTS: BCL6B WAS GRADUALLY DOWNREGULATED BY ITS OWN PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION IN PARALLEL TO AN INCREASING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE DURING THE PROGRESSION OF BAP-INDUCED GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IN MICE. MOREOVER, KNOCKOUT OF BCL6B DRAMATICALLY WORSENED THE SEVERITY OF GASTRIC CANCER AND AGGRAVATED THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BAP-INDUCED MICE GC MODEL. RE-ACTIVATION OF BCL6B BY 5-AZA IMPEDED INFLAMMATORY AMPLIFICATION AND BAP-INDUCED GC DEVELOPMENT, PROLONGING SURVIVAL TIME IN WILDTYPE MICE, WHEREAS NO NOTABLE CURATIVE EFFECT OCCURRED IN BCL6B(-/-) MICE WITH 5-AZA TREATMENT. FINALLY, SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATIONS WERE DETECTED BETWEEN THE MRNA LEVELS OF BCL6B AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN HUMAN GC TISSUES; PATIENTS HARBOURING BCL6B-NEGETIVE AND SEVERE-INFLAMMATION GC TUMOURS WERE FOUND TO EXHIBIT THE SHORTEST SURVIVAL TIME. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF BCL6B PROMOTES GASTRIC CANCER THROUGH AMPLIFICATION OF THE GASTRIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN VIVO AND OFFERS A NEW APPROACH FOR GC TREATMENT AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4 2453  25 EPIGENETIC SUPPRESSION OF THE IMMUNOREGULATOR MZB1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE OF GASTRIC CANCER. PREDICTION OF TUMOR RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION IS CRITICAL FOR DETERMINING THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER (GC). THE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF GC ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INAPPROPRIATE IMMUNE RESPONSES CAUSED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA. TO IDENTIFY IMMUNOREGULATORY MOLECULES INVOLVED IN GC PROGRESSION, GC CELL LINES AND 200 PAIRS OF TUMOR AND NORMAL TISSUES FROM PATIENTS WITH GC WERE ANALYZED FOR GENE EXPRESSION, AMPLIFICATION AND METHYLATION AS WELL AS FUNCTION OF A DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENE. THE TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT MARGINAL ZONE B AND B1 CELL SPECIFIC PROTEIN (MZB1) WAS EXPRESSED AT SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED LEVELS IN PRIMARY GC TISSUES WHEN COMPARED WITH THE CORRESPONDING NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA. PCR ARRAY ANALYSIS EXPLORING GENES EXPRESSED COOPERATIVELY WITH MZB1 REVEALED THAT DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MZB1 MRNA IN GC CELL LINES CORRELATED POSITIVELY WITH THE LEVELS OF THE MRNAS ENCODING ESTROGEN RECEPTOR 1 AND DESUMOYLATING ISOPEPTIDASE 1. HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE MZB1 PROMOTER WAS FREQUENT IN CELL LINES WITH DECREASED LEVELS OF MZB1 MRNA. SIRNA-MEDIATED KNOCKDOWN OF MZB1 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED PROLIFERATION, INVASION AND MIGRATION OF GC CELL LINES. LOW MZB1 EXPRESSION WAS AN INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE GASTRECTOMY AND WAS ASSOCIATED SIGNIFICANTLY WITH INCREASED HEMATOGENOUS RECURRENCE. MZB1 ACTS AS A SUPPRESSOR OF GC. LOW MZB1 EXPRESSION IN THE PRIMARY GC TISSUE IS PREDICTIVE OF RECURRENCE AFTER CURATIVE RESECTION.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
5 3805  30 INTESTINE-SPECIFIC HOMEOBOX (ISX) INDUCES INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AND CELL PROLIFERATION TO CONTRIBUTE TO GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. BACKGROUND: HELICOBACTER PYLORI INDUCES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA (IM) THROUGH GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND ACTIVATION OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. HOWEVER, THE PRECISE MECHANISM OF IM IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS HAS NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT INTESTINE-SPECIFIC HOMEOBOX (ISX) MRNA EXPRESSION INCREASED IN ORGANOIDS CULTURED FROM HELICOBACTER-INFECTED MOUSE MUCOSA. IN THIS STUDY, WE ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF ISX IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IM AND GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. METHODS: ISX EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED IN HELICOBACTER-INFECTED MOUSE AND HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA. MKN45 GASTRIC CANCER CELLS WERE CO-CULTURED WITH H. PYLORI TO DETERMINE WHETHER HELICOBACTER INFECTION INDUCED ISX EXPRESSION. WE ESTABLISHED STABLE MKN45 TRANSFECTED CELLS EXPRESSING ISX (STABLE-ISX MKN45) AND PERFORMED A SPHEROID COLONY FORMATION ASSAY AND A XENOGRAFT MODEL. WE PERFORMED ISX IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN CANCER AND ADJACENT GASTRIC TISSUES. RESULTS: ISX EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN MOUSE AND HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA INFECTED WITH HELICOBACTER. THE PRESENCE OF IM AND H. PYLORI INFECTION IN HUMAN STOMACH WAS CORRELATED WITH ISX EXPRESSION. H. PYLORI INDUCED ISX MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION. CDX1/2, CYCLIND1, AND MUC2 WERE UPREGULATED IN STABLE-ISX MKN45, WHEREAS MUC5AC WAS DOWNREGULATED. STABLE-ISX MKN45 CELLS FORMED MORE SPHEROID COLONIES, AND HAD HIGH TUMORIGENIC ABILITY. ISX EXPRESSION IN GASTRIC CANCER AND ADJACENT MUCOSA WERE CORRELATED. CONCLUSIONS: ISX EXPRESSION INDUCED BY H. PYLORI INFECTION MAY LEAD TO IM AND HYPERPROLIFERATION OF GASTRIC MUCOSA THROUGH CDX1/2 AND CYCLIND1 EXPRESSION, CONTRIBUTING TO GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
6 1950  35 EPIGENETIC ACTIVATION OF TENSIN 4 PROMOTES GASTRIC CANCER PROGRESSION. GASTRIC CANCER (GC) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE INFLUENCED BY MULTIPLE GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND DIETARY RISK FACTORS CAN RESULT IN THE ACCUMULATION OF ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IN GASTRIC MUCOSA, WHICH PROMOTES GC DEVELOPMENT. TENSIN 4 (TNS4), A MEMBER OF THE TENSIN FAMILY OF PROTEINS, IS LOCALIZED TO FOCAL ADHESION SITES, WHICH CONNECT THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND CYTOSKELETAL NETWORK. WE IDENTIFIED UPREGULATION OF TNS4 IN GC USING QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR WITH 174 PAIRED SAMPLES OF GC TUMORS AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES. TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF TNS4 OCCURRED EVEN DURING THE EARLY STAGE OF TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. TNS4 DEPLETION IN GC CELL LINES THAT EXPRESSED HIGH TO MODERATE LEVELS OF TNS4, I.E., SNU-601, KATO III, AND MKN74, REDUCED CELL PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION, WHEREAS ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF TNS4 IN THOSE LINES THAT EXPRESSED LOWER LEVELS OF TNS4, I.E., SNU-638, MKN1, AND MKN45 INCREASED COLONY FORMATION AND CELL MIGRATION. THE PROMOTER REGION OF TNS4 WAS HYPOMETHYLATED IN GC CELL LINES THAT SHOWED UPREGULATION OF TNS4. WE ALSO FOUND A SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN TNS4 EXPRESSION AND CPG METHYLATION IN 250 GC TUMORS BASED ON THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS (TCGA) DATA. THIS STUDY ELUCIDATES THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF TNS4 ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF TNS4 IN GC DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION AND SUGGESTS A POSSIBLE APPROACH FOR FUTURE GC TREATMENTS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
7 3439  31 HYPERMETHYLATION AND LOSS OF EXPRESSION OF GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE-3 IN BARRETT'S TUMORIGENESIS. CHRONIC GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IS A KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS (BE), WHICH INDUCES OXIDATIVE MUCOSAL DAMAGE. GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE-3 (GPX3) IS A SECRETORY PROTEIN WITH POTENT EXTRACELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF GPX3, AND EXPLORED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AS AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR GPX3 GENE INACTIVATION DURING BARRETT'S CARCINOGENESIS. QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ON 42 BARRETT'S ADENOCARCINOMAS (BAS) REVEALED CONSISTENTLY REDUCED LEVELS OF GPX3 MRNA IN 91% OF TUMOR SAMPLES. GPX3 PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN 62% OF BARRETT'S METAPLASIA, 82% OF DYSPLASIA, AND 88% OF BA SAMPLES. HYPERMETHYLATION OF BOTH ALLELES OF GPX3 WAS MOST FREQUENTLY SEEN IN BAS (P = .001). IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING OF GPX3 IN MATCHING TISSUE SECTIONS (NORMAL, BE, BARRETT'S DYSPLASIA, AND BA) REVEALED STRONG IMMUNOSTAINING FOR GPX3 IN NORMAL ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC TISSUES. HOWEVER, WEAK TO ABSENT GPX3 STAINING WAS OBSERVED IN BARRETT'S DYSPLASIA AND ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES WHERE THE PROMOTER WAS HYPERMETHYLATED. THE DEGREE OF LOSS OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY CORRELATED WITH THE HYPERMETHYLATION PATTERN (MONOALLELIC VERSUS BIALLELIC). THE OBSERVED HIGH FREQUENCY OF PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION AND PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF GPX3 EXPRESSION IN BA AND ITS ASSOCIATED LESIONS, TOGETHER WITH ITS KNOWN FUNCTION AS A POTENT ANTIOXIDANT, SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION AND REGULATION OF GLUTATHIONE PATHWAY MAY BE CRITICAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF BE.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8 1658  27 DOWN-REGULATION OF A PRO-APOPTOTIC PATHWAY REGULATED BY PCAF/ADA3 IN EARLY STAGE GASTRIC CANCER. THE LOSS OF P300/CBP-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (PCAF) EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR CLINICAL OUTCOME IN GASTRIC CANCER, AND A POTENTIAL BIO-MARKER FOR INVASIVE AND AGGRESSIVE TUMORS. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISM LINKING LOSS OF PCAF TO THE ONSET OF GASTRIC CANCER HAS NOT BEEN IDENTIFIED. GIVEN THAT PCAF AND ITS BINDING PARTNER TRANSCRIPTIONAL ADAPTOR PROTEIN 3 (ADA3) WERE RECENTLY SHOWN TO REGULATE THE INTRINSIC (MITOCHONDRIAL) PATHWAY TO APOPTOSIS VIA EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF PHOSPHOFURIN ACIDIC CLUSTER SORTING PROTEINS 1 AND 2 (PACS1, PACS2), WE ANALYZED PCAF, ADA3, AND PACS1/2 EXPRESSION IN 99 PATIENT-MATCHED SURGICAL SAMPLES RANGING FROM NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA, THROUGH PRE-MALIGNANT CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA TO STAGE I-III INVASIVE CANCERS. PCAF MRNA LEVELS WERE NOT REDUCED IN EITHER PRE-MALIGNANT STATE BUT WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED IN ALL STAGES OF GASTRIC CANCER, COMMENCING AT AJCC STAGE I (P < 0.05), THUS LINKING REDUCED PCAF EXPRESSION WITH EARLY MALIGNANT CHANGE. FURTHERMORE, PATIENTS WITH COMBINED REDUCTION OF PCAF AND PACS1 HAD SIGNIFICANTLY POORER OVERALL SURVIVAL (P = 0.0257), CONFIRMED IN AN INDEPENDENT DATASET OF 359 PATIENTS (P = 5.8 X 10E-6). AT THE PROTEIN LEVEL, PCAF, ADA3, AND PACS1 EXPRESSION WERE ALL SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED IN INTESTINAL-TYPE GASTRIC CANCER, AND CORRELATED WITH REDUCED PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL. WE CONCLUDE THAT A PRO-APOPTOTIC MECHANISM CENTERED ON THE INTRINSIC (MITOCHONDRIAL) PATHWAY AND REGULATED BY PCAF/ADA3 CAN INFLUENCE THE PROGRESSION FROM PREMALIGNANT TO MALIGNANT CHANGE, AND THUS ACT AS A TUMOR SUPPRESSION MECHANISM IN GASTRIC CANCER.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9 3228  26 HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND ASSESSING RISKS FOR GASTRIC CANCER. CHRONIC GASTRITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA AND HAS MULTIPLE ETIOLOGIES. HERE WE DISCUSS THE PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI (HP) LEADING TO CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND THE EPIGENETIC BASES UNDERLYING THESE CHANGES. WE REVIEW THE HISTOLOGY OF THE NORMAL GASTRIC MUCOSA AND OVERVIEW THE ROLE OF HP IN THE MULTISTEP CASCADE OF GC. WE ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE ROLE OF THE OPERATIVE LINK FOR GASTRITIS ASSESSMENT (OLGA) STAGING SYSTEM IN ASSESSING THE RISK OF GC. THE EPIGENETIC BASES OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS, MAINLY DNA METHYLATION, ARE PRESENTED THROUGH EXAMPLES SUCH AS (I) THE METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF E-CADHERIN IN HP-INDUCED CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND ITS REVERSION AFTER HP ERADICATION AND (II) THE ASSOCIATION OF METHYLATION OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF REPRIMO, A P53-MEDIATED CELL CYCLE ARREST GENE, WITH AGGRESSIVE HP STRAINS IN HIGH RISK AREAS FOR GC. IN ADDITION, WE DISCUSS THE FINDING OF RPRM AS A CIRCULATING CELL-FREE DNA, OFFERING THE OPPORTUNITY FOR NONINVASIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF GC. FINALLY, THE INTEGRATION OF OLGA AND TISSUE BIOMARKERS, BY SYSTEMS PATHOLOGY APPROACH, SUGGESTS THAT SEVERE ATROPHY HAS A GREATER RISK FOR GC DEVELOPMENT IF, IN ADDITION, OVEREXPRESSED P73. THIS TRIAL IS REGISTERED WITH CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT01774266.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
10 4516  25 MULTI-OMICS CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-INDUCED HYPERPLASIA/DYSPLASIA IN THE RAG2(-/-)/IL10(-/-) MOUSE MODEL. EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION IS HYPOTHESIZED TO PLAY A ROLE IN THE OBSERVED ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD) AND COLON TUMOR DEVELOPMENT. IN THE PRESENT WORK, DNA METHYLOME, HYDROXYMETHYLOME, AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED IN PROXIMAL COLON TISSUES HARVESTED FROM THE HELICOBACTER HEPATICUS (H. HEPATICUS)-INFECTED MURINE MODEL OF IBD. REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) AND OXIDATIVE RRBS (OXRRBS) ANALYSES IDENTIFIED 1606 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMR) AND 3011 DIFFERENTIALLY HYDROXYMETHYLATED REGIONS (DHMR). THESE DMR/DHMR OVERLAPPED WITH GENES THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE, INFLAMMATORY DISEASE, AND CANCER. RNA-SEQ REVEALED PRONOUNCED EXPRESSION CHANGES OF A NUMBER OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND CANCER. SEVERAL GENES INCLUDING DUOX2, TGM2, CDHR5, AND HK2 EXHIBITED CHANGES IN BOTH DNA METHYLATION/HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TRIGGERS CHANGES IN METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION PATTERNS IN THE GENOME, ALTERING THE EXPRESSION OF KEY TUMORIGENESIS GENES AND POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE INITIATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11 3225  37 HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION INTRODUCES DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS IN HOST CELLS. GASTRIC CANCER IS AN INFLAMMATION-RELATED MALIGNANCY RELATED TO LONG-STANDING ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH THE HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI. INFLAMMATION CAN RESULT IN GENOMIC INSTABILITY. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CONSIDERABLE DATA THAT H. PYLORI ITSELF CAN ALSO PRODUCE GENOMIC INSTABILITY BOTH DIRECTLY AND THROUGH EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS. OVERALL, THE MECHANISMS OF H. PYLORI-INDUCED HOST GENOMIC INSTABILITIES REMAIN POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE USED MICROARRAY SCREENING OF H. PYLORI-INFECTED HUMAN GASTRIC BIOPSY SPECIMENS TO IDENTIFY CANDIDATE GENES INVOLVED IN H. PYLORI-INDUCED HOST GENOMIC INSTABILITIES. WE FOUND UPREGULATION OF ATM EXPRESSION IN VIVO IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL CELLS INFECTED WITH H. PYLORI. USING GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINES, WE CONFIRMED THAT THE H. PYLORI-RELATED ACTIVATION OF ATM WAS DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS (DSBS). DSBS WERE OBSERVED FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH BOTH CAG PATHOGENICITY ISLAND (PAI)-POSITIVE AND -NEGATIVE STRAINS, BUT THE EFFECT WAS MORE ROBUST WITH CAG PAI-POSITIVE STRAINS. THESE RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE FACT THAT INFECTIONS WITH BOTH CAG PAI-POSITIVE AND -NEGATIVE STRAINS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS, BUT THE RISK IS HIGHER IN INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH CAG PAI-POSITIVE STRAINS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12  136  31 ABERRANT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PATTERNS LEAD TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN UVB-EXPOSED SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS OF MICE. OVEREXPOSURE OF THE HUMAN SKIN TO SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION IS THE MAJOR ETIOLOGIC FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN CANCERS. HERE, WE REPORT THE RESULTS OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN UV-EXPOSED SKIN AND SKIN TUMORS IN A SYSTEMATIC MANNER. THE SKIN AND TUMOR SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF THE SKIN OF SKH-1 HAIRLESS MICE TO UVB RADIATION USING A WELL-ESTABLISHED PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS PROTOCOL. WE FOUND A DISTINCT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION PATTERN IN THE UVB-EXPOSED EPIDERMAL SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS THAT WAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ELEVATED EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY OF THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMT) 1, DNMT3A AND DNMT3B. TO EXPLORE THE ROLE OF HYPERMETHYLATION IN SKIN PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS, WE FOCUSED ON THE P16(INK4A) AND RASSF1A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES, WHICH ARE TRANSCRIPTIONALLY SILENCED ON METHYLATION. WE ESTABLISHED THAT THE SILENCING OF THESE GENES IN UVB-EXPOSED EPIDERMIS AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NETWORK OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING HYPOACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AND H4 AND INCREASED HISTONE DEACETYLATION, AS WELL AS RECRUITMENT OF METHYL-BINDING PROTEINS, INCLUDING MECP2 AND MBD1, TO THE METHYLATED CPGS. HIGHER LEVELS OF DNA METHYLATION AND DNMT ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA SPECIMENS THAN IN NORMAL HUMAN SKIN SUGGEST THAT THE DATA ARE RELEVANT CLINICALLY. OUR DATA INDICATE FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT UVB-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, ENHANCED DNMT ACTIVITY AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS OCCUR IN UVB-EXPOSED SKIN AND UVB-INDUCED SKIN TUMORS AND SUGGEST THAT THESE EVENTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE SILENCING OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND IN SKIN TUMOR DEVELOPMENT.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13 2428  35 EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF MIR-124 PREVENTS SPERMINE OXIDASE REGULATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI-INDUCED GASTRIC CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS FORMS OF CANCER. THE POLYAMINE CATABOLIC ENZYME SPERMINE OXIDASE (SMOX) IS INDUCED IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS, INCLUDING HELICOBACTER PYLORI-ASSOCIATED GASTRITIS, WHERE ITS PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE CONTRIBUTES TO DNA DAMAGE AND SUBSEQUENT TUMORIGENESIS. MICRORNA EXPRESSION LEVELS ARE ALSO ALTERED IN INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS; SPECIFICALLY, THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MIR-124 BECOMES SILENCED BY DNA METHYLATION. WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE IF THIS REPRESSION OF MIR-124 IS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED SMOX ACTIVITY AND CONCLUDED THAT MIR-124 IS INDEED A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF SMOX. IN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS HARBORING HIGHLY METHYLATED AND SILENCED MIR-124 GENE LOCI, 5-AZACYTIDINE TREATMENT ALLOWED MIR-124 RE-EXPRESSION AND DECREASED SMOX EXPRESSION. OVEREXPRESSION OF AN EXOGENOUS MIR-124-3P MIMIC REPRESSED SMOX MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION AS WELL AS H(2)O(2) PRODUCTION BY >50% WITHIN 24 H. REPORTER ASSAYS INDICATED THAT DIRECT INTERACTION OF MIR-124 WITH THE 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION OF SMOX MRNA CONTRIBUTES TO THIS NEGATIVE REGULATION. IMPORTANTLY, OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-124 BEFORE INFECTION WITH H. PYLORI PREVENTED THE INDUCTION OF SMOX BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE TO INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED TUMORIGENESIS. COMPELLING HUMAN IN VIVO DATA FROM H. PYLORI-POSITIVE GASTRITIS TISSUES INDICATED THAT THE MIR-124 GENE LOCI ARE MORE HEAVILY METHYLATED IN A COLOMBIAN POPULATION CHARACTERIZED BY ELEVATED SMOX EXPRESSION AND A HIGH RISK FOR GASTRIC CANCER. FURTHERMORE, THE DEGREE OF MIR-124 METHYLATION SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH SMOX EXPRESSION THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION. THESE RESULTS INDICATE A PROTECTIVE ROLE FOR MIR-124 THROUGH THE INHIBITION OF SMOX-MEDIATED DNA DAMAGE IN THE ETIOLOGY OF H. PYLORI-ASSOCIATED GASTRIC CANCER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 3298  30 HIGH-DEFINITION CPG METHYLATION OF NOVEL GENES IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS IDENTIFIED BY NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING. GASTRIC CANCERS ARE THE MOST FREQUENT GASTRIC MALIGNANCY AND USUALLY ARISE IN THE SEQUENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI-ASSOCIATED CHRONIC GASTRITIS. CPG METHYLATION IS A CENTRAL MECHANISM OF EPIGENETIC GENE REGULATION AFFECTING CANCER-RELATED GENES, AND OCCURS EARLY IN GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS. DNA SAMPLES FROM NON-METAPLASTIC GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH VARIABLE LEVELS OF GASTRITIS (NON-METAPLASTIC MUCOSA), INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, OR GASTRIC CANCER WERE SCREENED WITH METHYLATION ARRAYS FOR CPG METHYLATION OF CANCER-RELATED GENES AND 30 GENE TARGETS WERE FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH-DEFINITION BISULFITE NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING. IN ADDITION, DATA FROM THE CANCER GENOME ATLAS WERE ANALYZED FOR CORRELATION OF METHYLATION WITH GENE EXPRESSION. OVERALL, 13 GENES HAD SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED CPG METHYLATION IN GASTRIC CANCER VS NON-METAPLASTIC MUCOSA (BRINP1, CDH11, CHFR, EPHA5, EPHA7, FGF2, FLI1, GALR1, HS3ST2, PDGFRA, SEZ6L, SGCE, AND SNRPN). FURTHER, MOST OF THESE GENES HAD CORRESPONDING REDUCED EXPRESSION LEVELS IN GASTRIC CANCER COMPARED WITH INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, INCLUDING NOVEL HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN GASTRIC CANCER (FLI1, GALR1, SGCE, AND SNRPN), SUGGESTING THAT THEY MAY REGULATE NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION FROM NON-MALIGNANT INTESTINAL METAPLASIA TO CANCER. OUR DATA SUGGEST A TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR ROLE FOR FLI1 IN GASTRIC CANCER, CONSISTENT WITH RECENTLY REPORTED DATA IN BREAST CANCER. FOR THE GENES WITH STRONGEST METHYLATION/EXPRESSION CORRELATION, NAMELY FLI1, THE EXPRESSION WAS LOWEST IN MICROSATELLITE-UNSTABLE TUMORS COMPARED WITH OTHER GASTRIC CANCER MOLECULAR SUBTYPES. IMPORTANTLY, REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HYPERMETHYLATED BRINP1 AND SGCE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH FAVORABLE SURVIVAL IN GASTRIC CANCER. IN SUMMARY, WE REPORT NOVEL METHYLATION GENE TARGETS THAT MAY HAVE FUNCTIONAL ROLES IN DISCRETE STAGES OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS AND MAY SERVE AS BIOMARKERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 2896  27 GASTRIC ENTEROCHROMAFFIN-LIKE CELL HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASIA IN THE RAT: AN INDIRECT EFFECT OF THE HISTAMINE H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, BL-6341. ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF BL-6341 HYDROCHLORIDE, A LONG-ACTING HISTAMINE H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, TO RATS FOR 2 YEARS AT DOSES OF 10, 55 OR 300 MG/KG/DAY RESULTED IN SEVERAL CHANGES IN THE FUNDIC (OXYNTIC) MUCOSA OF THE GLANDULAR STOMACH. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ALTERATION WAS A PROLIFERATION OF ARGYROPHIL ENDOCRINE CELLS THAT WAS DEMONSTRATED TO BE ENTEROCHROMAFFIN-LIKE (ECL) CELLS. THE ECL CELL PROLIFERATION CONSISTED OF A CONTINUUM OF CHANGES INVOLVING DIFFUSE HYPERPLASIA, FOCAL ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA, AND CARCINOID TUMOR FORMATION AT THE HIGHEST DOSE LEVEL OF 300 MG/KG. AT 55 MG/KG ONLY ECL CELL HYPERPLASIA OCCURRED, AND AT THE LOW DOSE OF 10 MG/KG THERE WERE NO REMARKABLE PROLIFERATIVE CHANGES. THE REFERENCE COMPOUND, CIMETIDINE (950 MG/KG), PRODUCED A DEGREE OF ECL CELL PROLIFERATION THAT WAS SLIGHTLY LESS, BUT NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT THAN, THAT OBSERVED WITH 55 MG/KG OF BL-6341. DOSE-RELATED ELEVATIONS OF SERUM GASTRIN WERE OBSERVED WITH BL-6341, WHILE CIMETIDINE PRODUCED HYPERGASTRINEMIA THAT WAS GENERALLY INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THAT PRODUCED BY THE MIDDLE AND LOW DOSES OF BL-6341. THE HYPERGASTRINEMIA RESULTED FROM THE PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF ACID SECRETION, WHICH IS THE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE PRODUCTION OF GASTRIN. ONLY THE 300 MG/KG DOSE OF BL-6341 PRODUCED A SIGNIFICANT, SUSTAINED (24 HOURS) HYPERGASTRINEMIA AND CARCINOID TUMORS. THE CHRONIC, SUSTAINED HYPERGASTRINEMIA WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THE ECL CELL CARCINOID NEOPLASIA. ALL GENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTS PERFORMED WITH BL-6341 WERE NEGATIVE. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE DEMONSTRATED HYPERGASTRINEMIA REPRESENTS AN INDIRECT, HORMONAL, EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF TUMORIGENESIS.	1988	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16  499  32 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HMLH1 HYPERMETHYLATION AND JC VIRUS (JCV) INFECTION IN HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC). INCORPORATION OF VIRAL DNA MAY INTERFERE WITH THE NORMAL SEQUENCE OF HUMAN DNA BASES ON THE GENETIC LEVEL OR CAUSE SECONDARY EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION OR HISTONE ACETYLATION. COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF CANCER MORTALITY IN THE USA. CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY (CIN) WAS ESTABLISHED AS THE KEY MECHANISM IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT. LATER, IT WAS FOUND THAT CRC RESULTS NOT ONLY FROM THE PROGRESSIVE ACCUMULATION OF GENETIC ALTERATIONS BUT ALSO FROM EPIGENETIC CHANGES. JC VIRUS (JCV) IS A CANDIDATE ETIOLOGIC FACTOR IN SPORADIC CRC. IT MAY ACT BY STABILIZING BETA-CATENIN, FACILITATING ITS ENTRANCE TO THE CELL NUCLEUS, INITIALING PROLIFERATION AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT. DIPLOID CRC CELL LINES TRANSFECTED WITH JCV-CONTAINING PLASMIDS DEVELOPED CIN. THIS RESULT PROVIDES DIRECT EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE ABILITY OF JCV T-AG TO INDUCE CIN IN THE GENOME OF COLONIC EPITHELIAL CELLS. THE ASSOCIATION OF CRC HMLH1 METHYLATION AND TUMOR POSITIVITY FOR JCV WAS RECENTLY DOCUMENTED. JC VIRUS T-AG DNA SEQUENCES WERE FOUND IN 77% OF CRCS AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION OF MULTIPLE GENES. HMLH1 WAS METHYLATED IN 25 OUT OF 80 CRC PATIENTS POSITIVE FOR T-AG (31%) IN COMPARISON WITH ONLY ONE OUT OF 11 T-AG NEGATIVE CASES (9%). THUS, JCV CAN MEDIATE BOTH CIN AND ABERRANT METHYLATION IN CRC. LIKE OTHER VIRUSES, CHRONIC INFECTION WITH JCV MAY INDUCE CRC BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS WHICH SHOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATED. THUS, GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION INDUCED BY JCV MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PROCESS IN CRC AND THE POLYP-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
17 5027  33 PERSONALIZED RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DYNAMIC TRANSITION OF GASTRIC NEOPLASMS. BACKGROUND: TO DEVELOP AN INDIVIDUALLY-TAILORED DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOLLOWING A MULTISTEP, MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESS OF THE CORREA'S GASTRIC CANCER MODEL. METHODS: FIRST, WE ESTIMATED THE STATE-TO-STATE TRANSITION RATES FOLLOWING CORREA'S FIVE-STEP CARCINOGENIC MODEL AND ASSESSED THE EFFECT OF RISK FACTORS, INCLUDING HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION, HISTORY OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE, LIFESTYLE, AND DIETARY HABITS, ON THE STEP-BY-STEP TRANSITION RATES USING DATA FROM A HIGH-RISK POPULATION IN MATSU ISLANDS, TAIWAN. SECOND, WE INCORPORATED INFORMATION ON THE GASTRIC CANCER CARCINOGENESIS AFFECTED BY GENOMIC RISK FACTORS (INCLUDING INHERITED SUSCEPTIBILITY AND IRREVERSIBLE GENOMIC CHANGES) BASED ON LITERATURE TO GENERATE A GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL BY USING A SIMULATED COHORT IDENTICAL TO THE MATSU POPULATION. THE COMBINATION OF CONVENTIONAL AND GENOMIC RISK FACTORS ENABLES US TO DEVELOP THE PERSONALIZED TRANSITION RISK SCORES AND COMPOSITE SCORES. RESULTS: THE STATE-BY-STATE TRANSITION RATES PER YEAR WERE 0.0053, 0.7523, 0.1750, AND 0.0121 PER YEAR FROM NORMAL MUCOSA TO CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS TO ATROPHIC GASTRITIS, ATROPHIC GASTRITIS TO INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA TO GASTRIC CANCER, RESPECTIVELY. COMPARED WITH THE MEDIAN RISK GROUP, THE MOST RISKY DECILE HAD A 5.22-FOLD RISK OF DEVELOPING GASTRIC CANCER, AND THE LEAST RISKY DECILE AROUND ONE-TWELFTH OF THE RISK. THE MEDIAN 10-YEAR RISK FOR GASTRIC CANCER INCIDENCE WAS 0.77%. THE MEDIAN LIFETIME RISK FOR GASTRIC CANCER INCIDENCE WAS 5.43%. BY DECILE, THE 10-YEAR RISK RANGED FROM 0.06 TO 4.04% AND THE LIFETIME RISK RANGED FROM 0.42 TO 21.04%. CONCLUSIONS: WE DEMONSTRATE HOW TO DEVELOP A PERSONALIZED DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL WITH THE UNDERPINNING OF CORREA'S CASCADE TO STRATIFY THE POPULATION ACCORDING TO THEIR RISK FOR PROGRESSION TO GASTRIC CANCER. SUCH A RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL NOT ONLY FACILITATES THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUALLY-TAILORED PREVENTIVE STRATEGY WITH TREATMENT FOR H. PYLORI INFECTION AND ENDOSCOPIC SCREENING BUT ALSO PROVIDES SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM INDICATORS TO EVALUATE THE PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS.	2018	

18  546  37 ATTENUATED EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1 CAUSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. BACKGROUND: SLCO2A1 ENCODES A PROSTAGLANDIN (PG) TRANSPORTER, AND AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF THIS GENE CAUSE CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT OF SLCO2A1 HAS A ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OTHER TYPES OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD). IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF A LOCAL EPIGENETIC ALTERATION IN SLCO2A1 IN PATIENTS WITH A HETEROZYGOUS PATHOGENIC VARIANT. METHODS: WE CONDUCTED WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF SAMPLES FROM 2 SISTERS WITH SUSPECTED MONOGENIC IBD. IN ADDITION, WE PERFORMED BISULFITE SEQUENCING USING DNA EXTRACTED FROM THEIR SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE SAMPLES TO EXPLORE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. RESULTS: A HETEROZYGOUS SPLICING SITE VARIANT, SLCO2A1:C.940 + 1G > A, WAS DETECTED IN BOTH PATIENTS. TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS, WE ANALYZED PROTEIN AND MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION OF SLCO2A1, AND OBSERVED ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF THESE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THAT IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. FURTHERMORE, BISULFITE SEQUENCING INDICATED DENSE METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF SLCO2A1 ONLY IN THE INFLAMED LESIONS OF BOTH PATIENTS. THE URINARY PG METABOLITE LEVELS IN THESE PATIENTS WERE COMPARABLE TO THOSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ENTEROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SLCO2A1 AND HIGHER THAN THOSE IN THE CONTROL INDIVIDUALS. WE FOUND CONSIDERABLY HIGHER LEVELS OF THE METABOLITES IN PATIENT 1, WHO SHOWED MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS THAN PATIENT 2. CONCLUSIONS: LOCAL DNA METHYLATION ATTENUATED SLCO2A1 EXPRESSION, WHICH MAY EVOKE LOCAL INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOSA BY THE UNINCORPORATED PG. THESE FINDINGS MAY IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS UNDERLYING IBD DEVELOPMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 2761  21 EXPRESSION OF TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES, TEX101 AND ODF4, IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND EVALUATION OF TEX101 IMMUNOGENICITY. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: CANCER-TESTIS (CT) ANTIGENS ARE A GROUP OF ANTIGENS WITH A RESTRICTED EXPRESSION IN NORMAL TISSUES, EXCEPT TESTIS, AND THEY HAVE ABERRANT EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TUMORS. THIS PATTERN OF EXPRESSION HAS MADE THEM PROMISING TARGETS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY AND CANCER DETECTION. OUR AIM WAS TO FIND NEW MEMBERS OF THIS GROUP THAT MIGHT BE USEFUL AS MARKERS IN THE DETECTION OF CANCER AND IMMUNOTHERAPY. DESIGN AND SETTING: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY CONDUCTED IN REFERRAL CENTERS OF TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE FROM JANUARY 2008 TO JANUARY 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS: WE ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF TWO TESTIS-SPECIFIC GENES NAMED ODF4 (OUTER DENSE FIBER OF SPERM TAILS 4) AND TEX101 (TESTIS EXPRESSED 101) IN 20 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) AND 20 NORMAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND SEQUENCING. IMMUNOGENICITY OF TEX101 WAS EVALUATED BY MEANS OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. RESULTS: THESE TWO GENES WERE EXPRESSED IN 30% OF CML PATIENTS BUT NOT IN ANY OF THE HEALTHY DONORS. HUMORAL RESPONSE AGAINST TEX101 WAS NOT DETECTED IN ANY SAMPLES. CONCLUSIONS: TEX101 AND ODF4 ARE CT GENES USEFUL FOR DETECTION OF CML. UNLIKE MANY CT GENES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 WAS NOT SHOWN TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES IN THESE SAMPLES. ACCORDING TO THE PREVIOUS STUDIES, OVEREXPRESSION OF TEX101 LEADS TO SUPPRESSION OF CANCER INVASION AND METASTASIS; THUS, THE INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF TEX101 IN CANCER BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE A TREATMENT STRATEGY.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20 1966  28 EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CANCERS AND ITS IMPLICATION IN TUMOR CELL RESISTANCE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PURPOSE: PRKCDBP IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN WHICH ALTERATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN SEVERAL HUMAN CANCERS. WE INVESTIGATED EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CELLS AND TISSUES TO EXPLORE ITS CANDIDACY AS A SUPPRESSOR IN COLORECTAL TUMORIGENESIS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF PRKCDBP AND ITS EFFECT ON TUMOR GROWTH WERE EVALUATED. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WAS DEFINED BY LUCIFERASE REPORTER AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. RESULTS: PRKCDBP EXPRESSION WAS HARDLY DETECTABLE IN 29 OF 80 (36%) PRIMARY TUMORS AND 11 OF 19 (58%) CELL LINES, AND ITS ALTERATION CORRELATED WITH TUMOR STAGE AND GRADE. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION WAS COMMONLY FOUND IN CANCERS. PRKCDBP EXPRESSION INDUCED THE G(1) CELL-CYCLE ARREST AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS APOPTOTIC STRESSES. PRKCDBP WAS INDUCED BY TNFALPHA, AND ITS LEVEL CORRELATED WITH TUMOR CELL SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PRKCDBP INDUCTION BY TNFALPHA WAS DISRUPTED BY BLOCKING NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WHILE IT WAS ENHANCED BY RELA TRANSFECTION. THE PRKCDBP PROMOTER ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA, AND THIS RESPONSE WAS ABOLISHED BY DISRUPTION OF A KAPPAB SITE IN THE PROMOTER. PRKCDBP DELAYED THE FORMATION AND GROWTH OF XENOGRAFT TUMORS AND IMPROVED TUMOR RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. CONCLUSIONS: PRKCDBP IS A PROAPOPTOTIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR WHICH IS COMMONLY ALTERED IN COLORECTAL CANCER BY PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION, AND ITS GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS DIRECTLY ACTIVATED BY NF-KAPPAB IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA. THIS SUGGESTS THAT PRKCDBP INACTIVATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TUMOR PROGRESSION BY REDUCING CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA AND OTHER STRESSES, PARTICULARLY UNDER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT.	2011