1  504 128 ASSOCIATION OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND CRP LEVELS WITH DNA METHYLATION IN ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN (AAT) DEFICIENCY AND TOBACCO SMOKING ARE CONFIRMED RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT VARIABLE DNA METHYLATION WOULD BE ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING AND INFLAMMATION, AS REFLECTED BY THE LEVEL OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) IN AAT-DEFICIENT SUBJECTS. METHYLATION LEVELS OF 1,411 AUTOSOMAL CPG SITES FROM THE ILLUMINA GOLDENGATE METHYLATION CANCER PANEL I WERE ANALYZED IN 316 SUBJECTS. ASSOCIATIONS OF FIVE SMOKING BEHAVIORS AND CRP LEVELS WITH INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES AND AVERAGE METHYLATION LEVELS WERE ASSESSED USING NON-PARAMETRIC TESTING, LINEAR REGRESSION AND LINEAR MIXED EFFECT MODELS, WITH AND WITHOUT ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE AND GENDER. UNIVARIATE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF 16 CPG SITES SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EVER-SMOKING STATUS. A CPG SITE IN THE TGFBI GENE WAS THE ONLY SITE ASSOCIATED WITH EVER-SMOKING AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE AND GENDER. NO HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS EXISTED BETWEEN AGE AT SMOKING INITIATION, PACK-YEARS SMOKED, DURATION OF SMOKING, AND TIME SINCE QUITTING SMOKING AS PREDICTORS OF INDIVIDUAL CPG SITE METHYLATION LEVELS. HOWEVER, EVER-SMOKING AND YOUNGER AGE AT SMOKING INITIATION ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER METHYLATION LEVEL AVERAGED ACROSS ALL SITES. DNA METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN THE RUNX3, JAK3 AND KRT1 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CRP LEVELS. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WITH GENDER AND AGE MAPPED TO THE CASP6 AND FZD9 GENES, RESPECTIVELY. IN SUMMARY, THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED MULTIPLE POTENTIAL CANDIDATE CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH EVER-SMOKING AND CRP LEVEL IN AAT-DEFICIENT SUBJECTS. PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN MENDELIAN DISEASES MAY BE DUE TO EPIGENETIC FACTORS.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
2 6190  38 THE IMPACT OF METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (MQTLS) ON ACTIVE SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES. BACKGROUND: METHYLATION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI (MQTLS) ARE THE GENETIC VARIANTS THAT MAY AFFECT THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF CPG SITES. HOWEVER, THEIR ROLES IN INFLUENCING THE DISTURBANCES OF SMOKING-RELATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE NOT BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED. THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO ADDRESS WHETHER MQTLS EXIST IN THE VICINITY OF SMOKING-RELATED CPG SITES (+/- 50 KB) AND TO EXAMINE THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH SMOKING EXPOSURE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS. RESULTS: WE OBTAINED DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES BY ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMAN METHYLATION 450 BEADCHIP ARRAY OF TWO INDEPENDENT SUBSAMPLES OF THE ESTHER STUDY (DISCOVERY SET, N = 581; VALIDATION SET, N = 368) AND THEIR CORRESPONDING GENOTYPING DATA USING THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM ONCOARRAY BEADCHIP. AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING (FDR), WE SUCCESSFULLY IDENTIFIED THAT 70 OUT OF 151 PREVIOUSLY REPORTED SMOKING-RELATED CPG SITES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH 192 SNPS WITHIN THE 50 KB SEARCH WINDOW OF EACH LOCUS. THE 192 MQTLS SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCED THE ACTIVE SMOKING-RELATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES, WITH PERCENTAGE CHANGES RANGING FROM 0.01 TO 18.96%, ESPECIALLY FOR THE WEAKLY/MODERATELY SMOKING-RELATED CPG SITES. HOWEVER, THESE IDENTIFIED MQTLS WERE NOT DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVE SMOKING EXPOSURE OR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED THAT IF NOT DEALT WITH PROPERLY, THE MQTLS MIGHT IMPAIR THE POWER OF EPIGENETIC-BASED MODELS OF SMOKING EXPOSURE TO A CERTAIN EXTENT. IN ADDITION, SUCH GENETIC VARIANTS COULD BE THE KEY FACTOR TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE HERITABLE AND SMOKING-INDUCED IMPACT ON EPIGENOME DISPARITIES. THESE MQTLS ARE OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE WHEN DNA METHYLATION MARKERS MEASURED BY ILLUMINA INFINIUM ASSAY ARE USED FOR ANY COMPARATIVE POPULATION STUDIES RELATED TO SMOKING-RELATED CANCERS AND CHRONIC DISEASES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
3 2921  37 GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION AND CHRONIC ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ADULTS IN BANGLADESH. BACKGROUND: INORGANIC ARSENIC IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON NATURALLY OCCURRING CONTAMINANTS FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT. ARSENIC IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF HEALTH OUTCOMES, WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION SUGGESTED AS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF TOXICITY. OBJECTIVE: AMONG A SAMPLE OF 400 ADULT PARTICIPANTS, WE EVALUATED THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE, AS MEASURED BY BLOOD AND URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS, AND EPIGENOME-WIDE WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION. METHODS: WE USED LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS TO EXAMINE THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND METHYLATION AT EACH CPG SITE, ADJUSTED FOR SEX, AGE, AND BATCH. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI WERE SUBSEQUENTLY EXAMINED IN RELATION TO CORRESPONDING GENE EXPRESSION FOR FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE OF GENE REGULATION. RESULTS: IN ADJUSTED ANALYSES, WE OBSERVED FOUR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH URINARY TOTAL ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND THREE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WITH BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE BONFERRONI-CORRECTED SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLD OF P < 1 X 10(-7). METHYLATION OF PLA2G2C (PROBE CG04605617) WAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED LOCUS IN RELATION TO BOTH URINARY (P = 3.40 X 10(-11)) AND BLOOD ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS (P = 1.48 X 10(-11)). THREE ADDITIONAL NOVEL METHYLATION LOCI-SQSTM1 (CG01225779), SLC4A4 (CG06121226), AND IGH (CG13651690)--WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC EXPOSURE. FURTHER, THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF METHYLATION-RELATED GENE REGULATION BASED ON GENE EXPRESSION FOR A SUBSET OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI. CONCLUSIONS: WE OBSERVED SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ARSENIC EXPOSURE AND GENE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL WHITE BLOOD CELL DNA METHYLATION, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PATHWAY UNDERLYING ARSENIC TOXICITY. THE SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI IDENTIFIED MAY INFORM POTENTIAL PATHWAYS FOR FUTURE INTERVENTIONS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4 6080  41 THE EFFECT OF DNA METHYLATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY USING THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY DATABASE. BACKGROUND: ALTHOUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING KIDNEY DISEASE IS INCREASING, EPIGENETIC PROFILES, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD), HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION AND EXAMINE WHETHER THE IDENTIFIED CPG SITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CKD DEVELOPMENT. METHOD: WE ANALYZED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 440 PARTICIPANTS IN THE KOREAN GENOME AND EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY (KOGES) WITH ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES (EGFRS) >/= 60 ML/MIN/1.73 M(2) AT BASELINE. CKD DEVELOPMENT WAS DEFINED AS A DECREASE IN THE EGFR OF <60 AT ANY TIME DURING AN 8-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD ("CKD PREDICTION" ANALYSIS). IN ADDITION, AMONG THE 440 PARTICIPANTS, 49 PARTICIPANTS WHO UNDERWENT A SECOND METHYLATION PROFILING WERE ASSESSED FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION AND CHANGES IN THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF CPG SITES DURING THE 8 YEARS ("KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE" ANALYSIS). RESULTS: IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS, METHYLATION PROFILES OF A TOTAL OF 403,129 CPG SITES WERE EVALUATED AT BASELINE IN 440 PARTICIPANTS, AND INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION OF 268 AND 189 CPG SITES, RESPECTIVELY, WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD IN MULTIVARIABLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. DURING KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSIS USING FOLLOW-UP METHYLATION PROFILES OF 49 PARTICIPANTS, THE PERCENT METHYLATION CHANGES IN 913 CPG SITES SHOWED A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PERCENT CHANGE IN EGFR DURING 8 YEARS. DURING FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSES FOR SIGNIFICANT CPG SITES FOUND IN THE CKD PREDICTION AND KIDNEY FUNCTION SLOPE ANALYSES, WE FOUND THAT THOSE CPG SITES REPRESENTED MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AND RAP1 PATHWAYS. IN ADDITION, THREE CPG SITES FROM THREE GENES, NPHS2, CHCHD4, AND AHR, WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANT IN THE CKD PREDICTION ANALYSIS AND RELATED TO A DECLINE IN KIDNEY FUNCTION. CONCLUSION: IT IS SUGGESTED THAT DNA METHYLATION ON SPECIFIC GENES IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CKD AND THE DETERIORATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION.	2023	
                                               
5 1607  38 DNA METHYLATION, COLON CANCER AND MEDITERRANEAN DIET: RESULTS FROM THE EPIC-ITALY COHORT. THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET (MD) PROTECTS AGAINST COLON CANCER (CC) ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC INFLAMMATION MAY BE IMPLICATED IN THE PATHWAY. BOTH DIET AND CC ARE RELATED TO EPIGENETIC REGULATION. WE PERFORMED A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY ON 161 PAIRS FROM THE ITALIAN COMPONENT OF THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) COHORT, IN WHICH WE LOOKED FOR THE METHYLATION SIGNALS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM LEUCOCYTES ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH CC AND MD IN 995 CPGS LOCATED IN 48 INFLAMMATION GENES. THE DNA METHYLATION SIGNALS DETECTED IN THIS ANALYSIS WERE VALIDATED IN A SUBGROUP OF 47 CASE-CONTROL PAIRS AND FURTHER REPLICATED (WHERE VALIDATED) IN 95 NEW PAIRS BY MEANS OF PYROSEQUENCING. AMONG THE CPG SITES SELECTED A-PRIORI IN INFLAMMATION-RELATED GENES, SEVEN CPG SITES WERE FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CC STATUS AND WITH MD, IN LINE WITH ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT. ONLY TWO CPG SITES (CG17968347-SERPINE1 AND CG20674490-RUNX3) WERE VALIDATED USING BISULPHITE PYROSEQUENCING AND, AFTER REPLICATION, WE FOUND THAT DNA METHYLATION OF CG20674490-RUNX3 MAY BE A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MEDIATOR EXPLAINING THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MD ON CC ONSET. THE USE OF A 'MEET-IN-THE-MIDDLE' APPROACH TO IDENTIFY THE OVERLAP BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND PREDICTIVE MARKERS OF DISEASE IS INNOVATIVE IN STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND CANCER, IN WHICH EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IS DIFFICULT AND THE MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH THE NUTRIENTS EXERT THEIR PROTECTIVE EFFECT IS LARGELY UNKNOWN.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6 1590  35 DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN HUMAN LUNG TISSUE IDENTIFIES GENES ASSOCIATED WITH COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A SMOKING-RELATED DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY. ALTHOUGH ASSOCIATION STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED MULTIPLE GENOMIC REGIONS WITH REPLICATED ASSOCIATIONS TO COPD, GENETIC VARIATION ONLY PARTIALLY EXPLAINS THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LUNG DISEASE, AND SUGGESTS THE RELEVANCE OF EPIGENETIC INVESTIGATIONS. WE PERFORMED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING IN HOMOGENIZED LUNG TISSUE SAMPLES FROM 46 CONTROL SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION AND 114 SUBJECTS WITH COPD, ALL FORMER SMOKERS. THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI WERE INTEGRATED WITH PREVIOUS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY RESULTS. THE TOP 535 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES, FILTERED FOR A MINIMUM MEAN METHYLATION DIFFERENCE OF 5% BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS, WERE ENRICHED FOR CPG SHELVES AND SHORES. PATHWAY ANALYSIS REVEALED ENRICHMENT FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. THE TOP DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED SITES FROM THE INTERSECTION WITH PREVIOUS GWAS WERE IN CHRM1, GLT1D1, AND C10ORF11; SORTED BY GWAS P-VALUE, THE TOP SITES INCLUDED FRMD4A, THSD4, AND C10ORF11. EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES COMPLEMENT GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES TO IDENTIFY GENES POTENTIALLY INVOLVED IN COPD PATHOGENESIS. ENRICHMENT FOR GENES IMPLICATED IN ASTHMA AND LUNG FUNCTION AND FOR TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS SUGGESTS THE POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC RELEVANCE OF GENES IDENTIFIED THROUGH DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AND THE INTERSECTION WITH A BROADER RANGE OF GWAS ASSOCIATIONS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7 4024  43 LUNG ALLOGRAFT EPITHELIUM DNA METHYLATION AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAFT CHRONOLOGIC AGE AND PRIMARY GRAFT DYSFUNCTION. ADVANCED DONOR AGE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR POOR SURVIVAL FOLLOWING LUNG TRANSPLANTATION. HOWEVER, RECENT WORK IDENTIFYING EPIGENETIC DETERMINANTS OF AGING HAS SHOWN THAT BIOLOGIC AGE MAY NOT ALWAYS REFLECT CHRONOLOGIC AGE AND THAT STRESSORS CAN ACCELERATE BIOLOGIC AGING. WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT LUNG ALLOGRAFTS THAT EXPERIENCED PRIMARY GRAFT DYSFUNCTION (PGD), CHARACTERIZED BY POOR OXYGENATION IN THE FIRST THREE POST-TRANSPLANT DAYS, WOULD HAVE INCREASED BIOLOGIC AGE. WE CULTURED AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS ISOLATED BY TRANSBRONCHIAL BRUSH AT 1-YEAR BRONCHOSCOPIES FROM 13 SUBJECTS WITH SEVERE PGD AND 15 CONTROLS MATCHED ON AGE AND TRANSPLANT INDICATION. WE MEASURED EPIGENETIC AGE USING THE HORVATH EPIGENETIC CLOCK. LINEAR MODELS WERE USED TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF AIRWAY EPIGENETIC AGE WITH CHRONOLOGIC AGES AND PGD STATUS, ADJUSTED FOR RECIPIENT PGD RISK FACTORS. SURVIVAL MODELS ASSESSED THE ASSOCIATION WITH CHRONIC LUNG ALLOGRAFT DYSFUNCTION (CLAD) OR DEATH. DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROMOTER METHYLATION WITHIN PATHWAYS WERE COMPARED BETWEEN GROUPS. DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (DNMT) ACTIVITY WAS QUANTIFIED IN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS UNDER HYPOXIC OR NORMOXIC CONDITIONS. AIRWAY EPIGENETIC AGE APPEARED YOUNGER BUT WAS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE AGE OF THE ALLOGRAFT (SLOPE 0.38 PER YEAR, 95% CI 0.27-0.48). THERE WAS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN EPIGENETIC AGE AND RECIPIENT AGE (P = 0.96). EPIGENETIC AGE WAS 6.5 YEARS GREATER (95% CI 1.7-11.2) IN SUBJECTS WHO HAD EXPERIENCED PGD, AND THIS EFFECT REMAINED SIGNIFICANT AFTER ADJUSTING FOR DONOR AND RECIPIENT CHARACTERISTICS (P = 0.03). EPIGENETIC AGE WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CLAD-FREE SURVIVAL RISK (P = 0.11). ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF PROMOTERS OF KEY BIOLOGIC PATHWAYS REVEALED HYPOMETHYLATION IN REGIONS RELATED TO HYPOXIA, INFLAMMATION, AND METABOLISM-ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. ACCORDINGLY, AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS CULTURED IN HYPOXIC CONDITIONS SHOWED SUPPRESSED DNMT ACTIVITY. WHILE AIRWAY METHYLATION AGE WAS PRIMARILY DETERMINED BY DONOR CHRONOLOGIC AGE, EARLY INJURY IN THE FORM OF PGD WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ALLOGRAFT EPIGENETIC AGE. THESE DATA SHOW HOW PGD MIGHT SUPPRESS KEY PROMOTER METHYLATION RESULTING IN LONG-TERM IMPACTS ON THE ALLOGRAFT.	2021	

8   57  34 A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EMPHYSEMA IN KOREAN POPULATIONS. EMPHYSEMA IS AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). GENETIC FACTORS LIKELY AFFECT EMPHYSEMA PATHOGENESIS, BUT THIS QUESTION HAS PREDOMINANTLY BEEN STUDIED IN THOSE OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY. IN THIS STUDY, WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE GENETIC COMPONENTS OF EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY AND CHARACTERIZE THE POTENTIAL FUNCTION OF THE ASSOCIATED LOCI IN KOREAN POPULATION. WE PERFORMED A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (GWAS) ON QUANTITATIVE EMPHYSEMA IN SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT COPD FROM TWO KOREAN COPD COHORTS. WE INVESTIGATED THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE LOCI USING EPIGENETIC ANNOTATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA. WE ALSO COMPARED OUR GWAS RESULTS WITH AN EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY AND PREVIOUS DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS. IN TOTAL, 548 SUBJECTS (476 [86.9%] MALE) INCLUDING 514 COPD PATIENTS WERE EVALUATED. WE IDENTIFIED ONE GENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANT SNP (P < 5.0 X 10(-8)), RS117084279, NEAR PIBF1. WE IDENTIFIED AN ADDITIONAL 57 SNPS (P < 5.0 X 10(-6)) ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA IN ALL SUBJECTS, AND 106 SNPS (P < 5.0 X 10(-6)) IN COPD PATIENTS. OF THESE CANDIDATE SNPS, 2 (RS12459249, RS11667314) NEAR CYP2A6 WERE EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN LUNG TISSUE AND A SNP (RS11214944) NEAR NNMT WAS AN EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS IN WHOLE BLOOD. OF NOTE, RS11214944 WAS IN LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM WITH VARIANTS IN ENHANCER HISTONE MARKS IN LUNG TISSUE. SEVERAL GENES NEAR ADDITIONAL SNPS WERE IDENTIFIED IN OUR PREVIOUS EWAS STUDY WITH NOMINAL LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE. WE IDENTIFIED A NOVEL SNP ASSOCIATED WITH QUANTITATIVE EMPHYSEMA ON CT. INCLUDING THE NOVEL SNP, SEVERAL CANDIDATE SNPS IN OUR STUDY MAY PROVIDE CLUES TO THE GENETIC ETIOLOGY OF EMPHYSEMA IN ASIAN POPULATIONS. FURTHER RESEARCH AND VALIDATION OF THE LOCI WILL HELP DETERMINE THE GENETIC FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPHYSEMA.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9 1355  37 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE GENERAL POPULATION LUNG CANCER RISK MODEL INCLUDING AHRR-METHYLATION. INTRODUCTION: SCREENING REDUCES LUNG CANCER MORTALITY OF HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS. CURRENTLY PROPOSED SCREENING ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ONLY IDENTIFY HALF OF THOSE INDIVIDUALS, WHO LATER DEVELOP LUNG CANCER. THIS STUDY AIMED TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE A SENSITIVE AND SIMPLE MODEL FOR PREDICTING 10-YEAR LUNG CANCER RISK. METHODS: USING THE 1991-94 EXAMINATION OF THE COPENHAGEN CITY HEART STUDY IN DENMARK, 6,820 FORMER OR CURRENT SMOKERS FROM THE GENERAL POPULATION WERE FOLLOWED FOR LUNG CANCER WITHIN 10 YEARS AFTER EXAMINATION. LOGISTIC REGRESSION OF BASELINE VARIABLES (AGE, SEX, EDUCATION, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, FAMILY HISTORY OF LUNG CANCER, SMOKING STATUS AND CUMULATIVE SMOKING, SECONDHAND SMOKING, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO DUST AND FUME, BODY MASS INDEX, LUNG FUNCTION, PLASMA C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, AND AHRR(CG05575921) METHYLATION) IDENTIFIED THE BEST PREDICTIVE MODEL. THE MODEL WAS VALIDATED AMONG 3,740 FORMER OR CURRENT SMOKERS FROM THE 2001-03 EXAMINATION, ALSO FOLLOWED FOR 10 YEARS. A SIMPLE RISK CHART WAS DEVELOPED WITH POISSON REGRESSION. RESULTS: AGE, SEX, EDUCATION, SMOKING STATUS, CUMULATIVE SMOKING, AND AHRR(CG05575921) METHYLATION IDENTIFIED 65 OF 88 INDIVIDUALS WHO DEVELOPED LUNG CANCER IN THE VALIDATION COHORT. THE HIGHEST RISK GROUP, CONSISTING OF LESS EDUCATED MEN AGED >65 WITH CURRENT SMOKING STATUS AND CUMULATIVE SMOKING >20 PACK-YEARS, HAD ABSOLUTE 10-YEAR RISKS VARYING FROM 4% TO 16% BY AHRR(CG05575921) METHYLATION. CONCLUSION: A SIMPLE RISK CHART INCLUDING AGE, SEX, EDUCATION, SMOKING STATUS, CUMULATIVE SMOKING, AND AHRR(CG05575921) METHYLATION, IDENTIFIES INDIVIDUALS WITH 10-YEAR LUNG CANCER RISK FROM BELOW 1% TO 16%. INCLUDING AHRR(CG05575921) METHYLATION IN THE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SCREENING IDENTIFIES SMOKERS WHO WOULD BENEFIT THE MOST FROM SCREENING.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
10 2627  38 EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ADIPOSITY AND FUTURE RISK OF OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS AN ESTABLISHED RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERAL COMMON CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCER, METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HOWEVER, THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THESE RELATIONSHIPS IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. TO EXPLORE THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY WITH THESE CONDITIONS, WE INVESTIGATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTE (PBL) DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR ADIPOSITY AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO RISK OF INCIDENT BREAST AND COLORECTAL CANCER AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. METHODS: DNA METHYLATION PROFILES (ILLUMINA INFINIUM((R)) HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP) FROM 1941 INDIVIDUALS FROM FOUR POPULATION-BASED EUROPEAN COHORTS WERE ANALYSED IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE, WAIST-HIP AND WAIST-HEIGHT RATIO WITHIN A META-ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. IN A SUBSET OF THESE INDIVIDUALS, DATA ON GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION LEVEL, BIOMARKERS OF GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM WERE ALSO AVAILABLE. VALIDATION OF METHYLATION MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL ADIPOSITY MEASURES WAS PERFORMED IN 358 INDIVIDUALS. FINALLY, WE INVESTIGATED THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY-RELATED METHYLATION MARKS WITH BREAST, COLORECTAL CANCER AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHIN RELEVANT SUBSETS OF THE DISCOVERY POPULATION. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 40 CPG LOCI WITH METHYLATION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH AT LEAST ONE ADIPOSITY MEASURE. OF THESE, ONE CPG LOCUS (CG06500161) IN ABCG1 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH ALL FOUR ADIPOSITY MEASURES (P = 9.07X10(-)(8) TO 3.27X10(-18)) AND LOWER TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FULL-LENGTH ISOFORM OF ABCG1 (P = 6.00X10(-7)), HIGHER TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS (P = 5.37X10(-)(9)) AND HIGHER TRIGLYCERIDES-TO-HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO (P = 1.03X10(-10)). OF THE 40 INFORMATIVE AND OBESITY-RELATED CPG LOCI, TWO (IN IL2RB AND FGF18) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH COLORECTAL CANCER (INVERSELY, P < 1.6X10(-3)) AND ONE INTERGENIC LOCUS ON CHROMOSOME 1 WAS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (P < 1.25X10(-3)), INDEPENDENTLY OF OBESITY AND ESTABLISHED RISK FACTORS. CONCLUSION: OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES, IN PARTICULAR ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, MAY BE AN INTERMEDIATE BIOMARKER AT THE INTERSECTION OF OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES, AND COULD OFFER CLUES AS TO UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS.	2018	
   
11 2048  38 EPIGENETIC CLUSTERING OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMAS BASED ON DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN ADJACENT LUNG TISSUE: ITS CORRELATION WITH SMOKING HISTORY AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CLARIFY THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS DURING LUNG CARCINOGENESIS. INFINIUM ASSAY WAS PERFORMED USING 139 PAIRED SAMPLES OF NON-CANCEROUS LUNG TISSUE (N) AND TUMOROUS TISSUE (T) FROM A LEARNING COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH LUNG ADENOCARCINOMAS (LADCS). FIFTY PAIRED N AND T SAMPLES FROM A VALIDATION COHORT WERE ALSO ANALYZED. DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS ON 1,928 PROBES OCCURRED IN N SAMPLES RELATIVE TO NORMAL LUNG TISSUE FROM PATIENTS WITHOUT PRIMARY LUNG TUMORS, AND WERE INHERITED BY, OR STRENGTHENED IN, T SAMPLES. UNSUPERVISED HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING USING DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN N SAMPLES ON ALL 26,447 PROBES SUBCLUSTERED PATIENTS INTO CLUSTER I (N = 32), CLUSTER II (N = 35) AND CLUSTER III (N = 72). LADCS IN CLUSTER I DEVELOPED FROM THE INFLAMMATORY BACKGROUND IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IN HEAVY SMOKERS AND WERE LOCALLY INVASIVE. MOST PATIENTS IN CLUSTER II WERE NON-SMOKERS AND HAD A FAVORABLE OUTCOME. LADCS IN CLUSTER III DEVELOPED IN LIGHT SMOKERS WERE MOST AGGRESSIVE (FREQUENTLY SHOWING LYMPHATIC AND BLOOD VESSEL INVASION, LYMPH NODE METASTASIS AND AN ADVANCED PATHOLOGICAL STAGE), AND HAD A POOR OUTCOME. DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF HALLMARK GENES FOR EACH CLUSTER, SUCH AS IRX2, HOXD8, SPARCL1, RGS5 AND EI24, WERE AGAIN CORRELATED WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE VALIDATION COHORT. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES REFLECTING CARCINOGENETIC FACTORS SUCH AS SMOKING AND COPD APPEAR TO BE ESTABLISHED IN NON-CANCEROUS LUNG TISSUE FROM PATIENTS WITH LADCS AND MAY DETERMINE THE AGGRESSIVENESS OF TUMORS DEVELOPING IN INDIVIDUAL PATIENTS, AND THUS PATIENT OUTCOME.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
12 1849  33 EIGHT WEEKS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING DECREASES 2 YEARS OF DNA METHYLATION AGE OF SEDENTARY WOMEN. PURPOSE: THE ACCELERATION OF EPIGENETIC AGE IS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE INCREASE IN CHRONIC DISEASES. ADHERENCE TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IS A STRATEGY TO REDUCE EPIGENETIC AGE. THE PRESENT STUDY AIMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER EIGHT WEEKS OF COMBINED (AEROBIC AND STRENGTH) TRAINING (CT) CAN INFLUENCE THE EPIGENETIC AGE OF WOMEN BETWEEN 50 AND 70 YEARS OLD AND THE DIFFERENCES IN SITES AND METHYLATED REGIONS. METHODS: EIGHTEEN WOMEN (AAR(LOW): LOWER AGE ACCELERATION RESIDUAL, N = 10; AAR(HIGH): HIGHER AGE ACCELERATION RESIDUAL, N = 8) PARTICIPATED IN A COMBINED EXERCISE TRAINING PROGRAM (60 MINUTES, 3X A WEEK) FOR EIGHT WEEKS. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM WHOLE BLOOD USING THE SALTING OUT TECHNIQUE. DNA METHYLATION WAS PERFORMED USING THE ARRAY TECHNIQUE (ILLUMINA'S INFINIUM METHYLATION BEADCHIP 850K). WE USED THE DNA METHYLATION AGE CALCULATOR PLATFORM TO CALCULATE THE BIOLOGICAL EPIGENETIC AGE. TWO-WAY ANOVA FOLLOWED BY FISHER LSD POSTHOC WAS APPLIED, ADOPTING P < .05. RESULTS: AFTER EIGHT WEEKS OF CT, THERE WERE NO CHANGES TO THE EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION FOR THE AAR(LOW) GROUP (PRE: -2.3 +/- 3.2 TO POST: -2.3 +/- 3.6). HOWEVER, THE AAR(HIGH) GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE AGE ACCELERATION (PRE: 3.6 +/- 2.6 TO POST: 2.2 +/- 2.7) (GROUP EFFECT, P = .01; TIME EFFECT, P = .31; GROUP VS. TIME EFFECT, P = .005). CONCLUSION: CT FOR EIGHT WEEKS BENEFITS THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK OF WOMEN WITH THE MOST ACCELERATED AGE.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13 2645  45 EPIGENOMIC INDICATORS OF AGE IN AFRICAN AMERICANS. AGE IS A WELL-ESTABLISHED RISK FACTOR FOR CHRONIC DISEASES. HOWEVER, THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING PROCESSES THAT ARE RELATED TO CHRONIC DISEASE INITIATION AND PROGRESSION ARE NOT WELL-UNDERSTOOD. THUS, THERE IS AN INCREASED NEED TO IDENTIFY NEW MARKERS OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES THAT OCCUR DURING AGING PROCESSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE USE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION FROM 26,428 CPG SITES IN 13,877 GENES TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND EPIGENETIC VARIATION IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS OF 972 AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS FROM THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY NETWORK OF ARTERIOPATHY (GENOA) STUDY (MEAN AGE=66.3 YEARS, RANGE=39-95). AGE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH 7,601 (28.8%) CPG SITES AFTER BONFERRONI CORRECTION FOR ALPHA=0.05 (P<1.89X10(-6)). DUE TO THE EXTRAORDINARILY STRONG ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AGE AND MANY OF THE CPG SITES (>7,000 SITES WITH P-VALUES RANGING FROM 10(-6) TO 10(-43)), WE INVESTIGATED HOW WELL THE DNA METHYLATION MARKERS PREDICT AGE. WE FOUND THAT 2,095 (7.9%) CPG SITES WERE SIGNIFICANT PREDICTORS OF AGE AFTER BONFERRONI CORRECTION. THE TOP FIVE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE 2,095 AGE-ASSOCIATED CPG SITES ACCOUNTED FOR 69.3% OF THE VARIABILITY IN THESE CPG SITES, AND THEY EXPLAINED 26.8% OF THE VARIATION IN AGE. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN METHYLATION MARKERS AND ADULT AGE ARE SO UBIQUITOUS AND STRONG THAT WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS MAY BE AN IMPORTANT MEASURE OF CELLULAR AGING PROCESSES. GIVEN THE HIGHLY CORRELATED NATURE OF THE AGE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENOME (AS EVIDENCED BY THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS), WHOLE PATHWAYS MAY BE REGULATED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF AGING.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
14 3450  38 HYPERMETHYLATION OF THE TSPOAP1-AS1 PROMOTER MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY IN OVERWEIGHT/OBESE KOREAN SUBJECTS. OBESITY IS A MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR OR ENDOCRINAL DISEASES, SUCH AS HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND STROKE. CONSIDERABLE INTEREST HAS BEEN DIRECTED TOWARDS THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS IN OBESITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED DNA METHYLATION LEVEL AT THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GENE ENCODING TSPO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 ANTISENSE RNA 1 (TSPOAP1-AS1) IN 80 OVERWEIGHT/OBESE SUBJECTS (BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) > 25) AND 104 NON-OBESE SUBJECTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE SOPI-STROKE STUDY IN KOREA. DNA METHYLATION WAS MEASURED USING BISULFITE AMPLICON SEQUENCING (BSAS). A GENERAL LINEAR MODEL OR RELATIVE CORRELATION WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF DNA METHYLATION ON OBESITY AND OBESE PHENOTYPES. NOTABLY, THE MEAN LEVEL OF DNA METHYLATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE OVERWEIGHT/OBESE GROUP THAN IN THE NON-OBESE GROUP (18.62% VS. 17.18%). FURTHER ANALYSES REVEALED SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATIONS OF THE BMI, THE SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS WITH THE DNA METHYLATION LEVEL (P = 0.0493, P = 0.003, AND P = 0.0094, RESPECTIVELY). THE STUDY FINDINGS SUGGEST AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AT THE TSPOAP1-AS1 PROMOTER AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY. ACCORDINGLY, METHYLATION IN THIS PROMOTER REGION MIGHT BE A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF OBESITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
15 4818  31 OCCURRENCE OF ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGING AND METHYLATION DISRUPTIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION BEFORE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY. BACKGROUND: WHETHER ACCELERATED AGING DEVELOPS OVER THE COURSE OF CHRONIC HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION OR CAN BE OBSERVED BEFORE SIGNIFICANT IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON IS UNKNOWN. WE STUDIED DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD TO ESTIMATE CELLULAR AGING IN PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) BEFORE THE INITIATION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART). METHODS: A TOTAL OF 378 ART-NAIVE PLWH WHO HAD CD4 T-CELL COUNTS >500/MICROL AND WERE ENROLLED IN THE STRATEGIC TIMING OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY TRIAL (PULMONARY SUBSTUDY) WERE COMPARED WITH 34 HIV-NEGATIVE CONTROLS. DNA METHYLATION WAS PERFORMED USING THE ILLUMINA METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIP. DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) IN PLWH COMPARED WITH CONTROLS WERE IDENTIFIED USING A ROBUST LINEAR MODEL. METHYLATION AGE WAS CALCULATED USING A PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED EPIGENETIC CLOCK. RESULTS: THERE WERE A TOTAL OF 56 639 DMPS AND 6103 DMRS AT A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE OF <0.1. THE TOP 5 DMPS CORRESPONDED TO GENES NLRC5, VRK2, B2M, AND GPR6 AND WERE HIGHLY ENRICHED FOR CANCER-RELATED PATHWAYS. PLWH HAD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION AGE THAN HIV-NEGATIVE CONTROLS (P = .001), WITH BLACK RACE, LOW CD4 AND HIGH CD8 T-CELL COUNTS, AND DURATION OF HIV BEING RISK FACTORS FOR AGE ACCELERATION. CONCLUSIONS: PLWH BEFORE THE INITIATION OF ART AND WITH PRESERVED IMMUNE STATUS SHOW EVIDENCE OF ADVANCED METHYLATION AGING.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
16  382  49 AN EPIGENOME-WIDE STUDY OF BODY MASS INDEX AND DNA METHYLATION IN BLOOD USING PARTICIPANTS FROM THE SISTER STUDY COHORT. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE RISK IS WELL-ESTABLISHED; THE UNDERLYING BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DRIVING THIS RISK INCREASE MAY INCLUDE OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS. TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) USING DATA FROM A SUBSET OF WOMEN IN THE SISTER STUDY. SUBJECTS/METHODS: THE SISTER STUDY IS A COHORT OF 50 884 US WOMEN WHO HAD A SISTER WITH BREAST CANCER BUT WERE FREE OF BREAST CANCER THEMSELVES AT ENROLLMENT. STUDY PARTICIPANTS COMPLETED EXAMINATIONS WHICH INCLUDED MEASUREMENTS OF HEIGHT AND WEIGHT, AND PROVIDED BLOOD SAMPLES. BLOOD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED WITH THE ILLUMINA INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION27 BEADCHIP ARRAY COVERING 27,589 CPG SITES WAS AVAILABLE FOR 871 WOMEN FROM A PRIOR STUDY OF BREAST CANCER AND DNA METHYLATION. TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES ASSOCIATED WITH BMI, WE ANALYZED THIS METHYLATION DATA USING ROBUST LINEAR REGRESSION WITH ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE AND CASE STATUS. FOR THOSE CPGS PASSING THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL, WE EXAMINED THE ASSOCIATION IN A REPLICATION SET COMPRISED OF A NON-OVERLAPPING GROUP OF 187 WOMEN FROM THE SISTER STUDY WHO HAD DNA METHYLATION DATA GENERATED USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. ANALYSIS OF THIS EXPANDED 450 K ARRAY IDENTIFIED ADDITIONAL BMI-ASSOCIATED SITES WHICH WERE INVESTIGATED WITH TARGETED PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: FOUR CPG SITES REACHED GENOME-WIDE SIGNIFICANCE (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE (FDR) Q<0.05) IN THE DISCOVERY SET AND ASSOCIATIONS FOR ALL FOUR WERE SIGNIFICANT AT STRICT BONFERRONI CORRECTION IN THE REPLICATION SET. AN ADDITIONAL 23 SITES PASSED FDR IN THE REPLICATION SET AND FIVE WERE REPLICATED BY PYROSEQUENCING IN THE DISCOVERY SET. SEVERAL OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED INCLUDING ANGPT4, RORC, SOCS3, FSD2, XYLT1, ABCG1, STK39, ASB2 AND CRHR2 HAVE BEEN LINKED TO OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED CHRONIC DISEASES. CONCLUSIONS: OUR FINDINGS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT OBESITY-RELATED EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES ARE DETECTABLE IN BLOOD AND MAY BE RELATED TO RISK OF CHRONIC DISEASE.	2017	
                                                                               
17 3954  33 LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 METHYLATION STATUS IN THE CIRCULATING DNA FROM BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES. ALONG WITH OTHER MALIGNANT DISEASES, LUNG CANCER ARISES FROM THE PRECANCEROUS LUNG TISSUE STATE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION (HYPERMETHYLATION OF CERTAIN GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF RETROTRANSPOSONS) IS KNOWN AS ONE OF THE DRIVING FORCES OF MALIGNANT CELL TRANSFORMATION. EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE SHOWN TO BE DETECTABLE IN DNA, CIRCULATING IN THE BLOOD (CIRDNA) OF CANCER PATIENTS, INDICATING THE POSSIBILITY TO USE THEM AS CANCER MARKERS. THE CURRENT STUDY IS THE FIRST TO COMPARE THE LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEAR ELEMENT-1 (LINE-1) METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE BLOOD FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT VERSUS DIFFERENT CONTROL GROUPS AS HEALTHY SUBJECTS, PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD). THE CONCENTRATION OF LINE-1 METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, REGION 1 (LINE-1 METHYLATED, LINE-1-MET) WAS ESTIMATED BY QUANTITATIVE METHYL-SPECIFIC PCR. THE TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF THE CIRCULATING LINE-1 COPIES WAS MEASURED BY QPCR SPECIFIC FOR LINE-1 REGION 2, WHICH WAS SELECTED DUE TO ITS CPG METHYLATION-INDEPENDENT SEQUENCE (LINE-1-IND). BOTH LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL AND LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX (LINE-1-MET/LINE-1-IND RATIO) WAS DECREASED IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS COMPARED WITH THE JOINT CONTROL GROUP (HEALTHY SUBJECTS + PATIENTS WITH BRONCHITIS + COPD PATIENTS) (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.016). WE ALSO FOUND THAT THE TENDENCY OF LINE-1 METHYLATION INDEX DECREASES IN THE CIRDNA FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS VERSUS COPD PATIENTS (MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST, P = 0.07). OUR DATA INDICATE THAT THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LINE-1 METHYLATION LEVEL IN THE CIRDNA IS VALUABLE FOR DISCRIMINATION OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18 1529  33 DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE. FOLATE, A WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMIN, IS A KEY SOURCE OF ONE-CARBON GROUPS FOR DNA METHYLATION, BUT STUDIES OF THE DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO SUPPLEMENTAL FOLIC ACID YIELD INCONSISTENT RESULTS. THESE STUDIES ARE COMMONLY CONDUCTED USING WHOLE BLOOD, WHICH CONTAINS A MIXED POPULATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO CONFOUND RESULTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE IF CD16+ NEUTROPHILS MAY PROVIDE MORE SPECIFIC DATA THAN WHOLE BLOOD FOR IDENTIFYING DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION. THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED IN NORMAL WEIGHT (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 KG/M2) WOMEN (18 - 35 Y; N = 12), WITH BLOOD SAMPLES TAKEN BEFORE AND AFTER 8 WEEKS OF FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AT 800 MUG/DAY. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS FROM WHOLE BLOOD AND ISOLATED CD16+ NEUTROPHILS WERE MEASURED ACROSS >485,000 CPG SITES THROUGHOUT THE GENOME USING THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. OVER THE COURSE OF THE 8-WEEK SUPPLEMENTATION, 6746 AND 7513 CPG SITES CHANGED (P < 0.05) IN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS, RESPECTIVELY. DNA METHYLATION DECREASED IN 68.4% (WHOLE BLOOD) AND 71.8% (CD16+ NEUTROPHILS) OF THESE SITES. THERE WERE ONLY 182 CPG SITES THAT CHANGED IN BOTH THE WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS, 139 OF WHICH CHANGED IN THE SAME DIRECTION. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION RESPONSE TO CHRONIC FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN WHOLE BLOOD AND CD16+ NEUTROPHILS AND THAT A SINGLE WHITE BLOOD CELL TYPE MAY FUNCTION AS A MORE SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC REPORTER OF FOLATE STATUS THAN WHOLE BLOOD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 3568  34 IMPACT OF INFLAMMATION ON EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION - A NOVEL RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE? OBJECTIVE: THE LIFESPAN OF DIALYSIS PATIENTS IS AS SHORT AS IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC CANCER DISEASE, MAINLY DUE TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD). DNA METHYLATION IS AN IMPORTANT CELLULAR MECHANISM MODULATING GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING, INFLAMMATION AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC PROCESSES. DESIGN: DNA METHYLATION WAS ANALYSED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES FROM THREE DIFFERENT GROUPS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) POPULATIONS (37 CKD STAGES 3 AND 4 PATIENTS, 98 CKD STAGE 5 PATIENTS AND 20 PREVALENT HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS). THIRTY-SIX HEALTHY SUBJECTS SERVED AS CONTROLS. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS (DIABETES MELLITUS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PRESENCE OF CLINICAL CVD), INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS, HOMOCYSTEINE AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES (DEFINED AS HPAII/MSPI RATIO BY THE LUMINOMETRIC METHYLATION ASSAY METHOD) WERE EVALUATED. CKD STAGE 5 PATIENTS (N=98) STARTING DIALYSIS TREATMENT WERE FOLLOWED FOR A PERIOD OF 36 +/- 2 MONTHS. RESULTS: INFLAMED PATIENTS HAD LOWER RATIOS OF HPAII/MSPI, INDICATING GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. ANALYSIS BY THE COX REGRESSION MODEL DEMONSTRATED THAT DNA HYPERMETHYLATION (HPAII/MSPI RATIO <MEDIAN) WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH ALL-CAUSE (RR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.7-14.8; P<0.01) AND CARDIOVASCULAR (RR 13.9; 95% CI: 1.8-109.3; P<0.05) MORTALITY, EVEN FOLLOWING THE ADJUSTMENT FOR AGE, CVD, DIABETES MELLITUS AND INFLAMMATION. CONCLUSION: THE PRESENT STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT GLOBAL DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION AND INCREASED MORTALITY IN CKD.	2007	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
20 1271  34 CYTOSINE METHYLATION PREDICTS RENAL FUNCTION DECLINE IN AMERICAN INDIANS. DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY ACCOUNTS FOR MOST OF THE EXCESS MORTALITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES, BUT THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH NEPHROPATHY DEVELOPS ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN. HERE WE TESTED CYTOSINE METHYLATION LEVELS AT 397,063 GENOMIC CPG SITES FOR ASSOCIATION WITH DECLINE IN THE ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (EGFR) OVER A SIX YEAR PERIOD IN 181 DIABETIC PIMA INDIANS. METHYLATION LEVELS AT 77 SITES SHOWED SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH EGFR DECLINE AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS. A MODEL INCLUDING METHYLATION LEVEL AT TWO PROBES (CG25799291 AND CG22253401) IMPROVED PREDICTION OF EGFR DECLINE IN ADDITION TO BASELINE EGFR AND THE ALBUMIN TO CREATININE RATIO WITH THE PERCENT OF VARIANCE EXPLAINED SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVING FROM 23.1% TO 42.2%. CG22253401 WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR DECLINE IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY DERIVED FROM THE CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY COHORT. PROBES AT WHICH METHYLATION SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR DECLINE WERE LOCALIZED TO GENE REGULATORY REGIONS AND ENRICHED FOR GENES WITH METABOLIC FUNCTIONS AND APOPTOSIS. THREE OF THE 77 PROBES THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH EGFR DECLINE IN BLOOD SAMPLES SHOWED DIRECTIONALLY CONSISTENT AND SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH FIBROSIS IN MICRODISSECTED HUMAN KIDNEY TISSUE, AFTER CORRECTION FOR MULTIPLE COMPARISONS. THUS, CYTOSINE METHYLATION LEVELS MAY PROVIDE BIOMARKERS OF DISEASE PROGRESSION IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND EPIGENETIC VARIATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE.	2018