1  366 148 AMINO ACID-INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN CLONAL BETA-CELL LINE INS-1E CELLS. BACKGROUND: THERE IS ABUNDANT EVIDENCE THAT GLUCOTOXICITY AND LIPOTOXICITY CONTRIBUTE TO IMPAIRED BETA-CELL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES. INTERESTINGLY, AMINO ACID (AA) DERANGEMENT IS ALSO A CHARACTERISTIC PART OF THE DIABETIC STATE. THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF AA ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION HAVE BEEN WIDELY EXPLORED; HOWEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF AA, E.G. PROLINE (PRO), HOMOCYSTEINE (HCY), AND LEUCINE (LEU), ON PANCREATIC BETA-CELL FUNCTION AND INTEGRITY HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE GLOBAL ALTERATIONS IN BETA-CELL GENE EXPRESSION AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF CLONAL INS-1E CELLS TO ELEVATED LEVEL OF SPECIFIC AA IN VITRO. METHODS: GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING WAS PERFORMED TO CHARACTERIZE GENES DIFFERENTLY MODIFIED BY PRO, HCY, AND LEU, RESPECTIVELY, IN INS-1E CELLS. RESULTS: GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING REVEALED SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN INS-1E CELL MRNAS INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF SEVERAL ASPECTS OF BETA-CELL FUNCTION, E.G. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, METABOLISM, INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES, CELLULAR SIGNALLING, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, APOPTOSIS, AND CELLULAR STRESS RESPONSE. AFTER 72 H, INS-1E CELLS WERE DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED (>/=1.5- OR </= -1.5-FOLD) BY PRO (295 TRANSCRIPTS), HCY (301 TRANSCRIPTS), AND LEU (701 TRANSCRIPTS). IT APPEARS THAT HCY EFFECTS CHANGES OPPOSITE TO THOSE INDUCED BY LEU AND/OR PRO. CONCLUSIONS: AA APPEARS TO PARTICIPATE IN AND TO INFLUENCE MANY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING THOSE INVOLVED IN CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM, IMMUNE RESPONSES, AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. WHETHER SUCH EVENTS PROMOTE THE BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION AND THE BETA-CELL FAILURE IN DIABETES REMAINS TO BE ELUCIDATED. OUR DATA STRONGLY INDICATE THAT AA ELEVATION MAY TAKE PART IN THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2 1162  39 CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS ON THE TRANSCRIPTOME, EPIGENOME, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ATLANTIC SALMON. STRESS EXPERIENCED DURING EARLY LIFE MAY HAVE LASTING EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, WITH IMPACTS ON HEALTH AND DISEASE DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE AND DURATION OF THE STRESSOR. THE EPIGENOME IS ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI DURING EARLY LIFE AND REPRESENTS A POTENTIAL MECHANISM THROUGH WHICH STRESS MAY CAUSE LONG-LASTING HEALTH EFFECTS. HOWEVER, THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE EPIGENOME RESPONDS DIFFERENTLY TO CHRONIC VS ACUTE STRESSORS IS UNCLEAR, ESPECIALLY FOR NON-MAMMALIAN SPECIES. WE EXAMINED THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS (COLD-SHOCK DURING EMBRYOGENESIS) AND CHRONIC STRESS (ABSENCE OF TANK ENRICHMENT DURING LARVAL-STAGE) ON GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION (USING RNA-SEQ) AND DNA METHYLATION (USING RRBS) IN THE GILLS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) FOUR MONTHS AFTER HATCHING. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCED PRONOUNCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL DIFFERENCES, WHILE ACUTE STRESS CAUSED FEW LASTING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS. HOWEVER, BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS CAUSED LASTING AND CONTRASTING CHANGES IN THE METHYLOME. CRUCIALLY, WE FOUND THAT ACUTE STRESS ENHANCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A PATHOGENIC CHALLENGE (BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, LPS), WHILE CHRONIC STRESS SUPPRESSED IT. WE IDENTIFIED STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN PROMOTER AND GENE-BODY METHYLATION THAT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED EXPRESSION FOR A SMALL PROPORTION OF IMMUNE-RELATED GENES, AND EVIDENCE OF WIDER EPIGENETIC REGULATION WITHIN SIGNALLING PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT STRESS CAN AFFECT IMMUNO-COMPETENCE THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, AND HIGHLIGHT THE MARKEDLY DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LARVAL AND ACUTE EMBRYONIC STRESS. THIS KNOWLEDGE COULD BE USED TO HARNESS THE STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS ON IMMUNITY, PAVING THE WAY FOR IMPROVED STRESS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT THROUGH EPIGENETIC CONDITIONING.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
3 1584  28 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF SELECTED PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. BY MEANS OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS ANALYSIS, WE RECENTLY DESCRIBED THE MRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES OF VARIOUS GENES INVOLVED IN THE NEUROINFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE BRAINS OF SUBJECTS WITH LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER DISEASE (LOAD). SOME OF THESE GENES, NAMELY INTERLEUKIN (IL)-1BETA AND IL-6, SHOWED DISTINCT EXPRESSION PROFILES WITH PEAK EXPRESSION DURING THE FIRST STAGES OF THE DISEASE AND CONTROL-LIKE LEVELS AT LATER STAGES. IL-1BETA AND IL-6 GENES ARE MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; IT IS ALSO WELL KNOWN THAT LOAD MAY HAVE AN EPIGENETIC BASIS. INDEED, WE AND OTHERS HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION ALTERATIONS IN LOAD AND IN RELATED ANIMAL MODELS. BASED ON THESE DATA, WE STUDIED THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES, AT SINGLE CYTOSINE RESOLUTION, OF IL-1BETA AND IL-6 5'-FLANKING REGION BY BISULPHITE MODIFICATION IN THE CORTEX OF HEALTHY CONTROLS AND LOAD PATIENTS AT 2 DIFFERENT DISEASE STAGES: BRAAK I-II/A AND BRAAK V-VI/C. OUR ANALYSIS PROVIDES EVIDENCE THAT NEUROINFLAMMATION IN LOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH (AND POSSIBLY MEDIATED BY) EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
4 1567  39 DNA METHYLATION OF THE KLF14 GENE REGION IN WHOLE BLOOD CELLS PROVIDES PREDICTION FOR THE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE. KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 14 (KLF14) GENE, WHICH APPEARS TO BE A MASTER REGULATOR OF GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH BMI AND TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) BY LARGE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES. IN ORDER TO FIND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D, IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE EPIGENOMIC CHANGES AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INTO ACCOUNT. THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON AGEING AND OBESITY, WHICH ARE T2D RISK FACTORS, AND EXAMINES EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND INFLAMMATORY CHANGES. WE INVESTIGATED DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE KLF14 PROMOTER REGION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE FOR COMPARING AGING AND WEIGHT. WE FOUND THAT METHYLATION LEVELS OF THESE SITES WERE INCREASED WITH AGING AND WEIGHT IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, THE KIDNEY, THE LUNG, THE COLON AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. IN ADDITION, IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD, THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATORY LEVELS. MOREOVER, NOT ONLY KLF14, BUT ALSO EXPRESSION LEVELS OF SOME DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE DECREASED WITH METHYLATION IN THE SPLEEN, THE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT METHYLATION CHANGES OF KLF14 IN THOSE TISSUES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION AND INFLAMMATION ON THE ADIPOSE TISSUE OF OBESITY AND T2D. IN ADDITION, THE METHYLATION CHANGES IN THE WHOLE BLOOD CELLS MAY SERVE AS A PREDICTIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T2D.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
5 5468  36 RESISTANCE TRAINING AND REDOX HOMEOSTASIS: CORRELATION WITH AGE-ASSOCIATED GENOMIC CHANGES. REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS EFFECTIVE AS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT FOR DIFFERENT CHRONIC CONDITIONS RELATED TO THE AGEING PROCESSES. IN FACT, A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE HAS BEEN LINKED TO A WORSENING OF CELLULAR AGEING BIOMARKERS SUCH AS TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) AND/OR SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES (E.G. DNA METHYLATION), WITH INCREASE OF THE PROPENSITY TO AGING-RELATED DISEASES AND PREMATURE DEATH. EXTENDING OUR PREVIOUS FINDINGS, WE AIMED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT 12 WEEKS OF LOW FREQUENCY, MODERATE INTENSITY, EXPLOSIVE-TYPE RESISTANCE TRAINING (EMRT) MAY ATTENUATE AGE-ASSOCIATED GENOMIC CHANGES. TO THIS AIM, TL, GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION, TRF2, KU80, SIRT1, SIRT2 AND GLOBAL PROTEIN ACETYLATION, AS WELL AS OTHER PROTEINS INVOLVED IN APOPTOTIC PATHWAY (BCL-2, BAX AND CASPASE-3), ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE (TRXR1 AND MNSOD) AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE (MYELOPEROXIDASE) WERE EVALUATED BEFORE AND AFTER EMRT IN WHOLE BLOOD OR PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) OF ELDERLY SUBJECTS. OUR FINDINGS CONFIRM THE POTENTIAL OF EMRT TO INDUCE AN ADAPTIVE CHANGE IN THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTEIN SYSTEMS AT SYSTEMIC LEVEL AND SUGGEST A PUTATIVE ROLE OF RESISTANCE TRAINING IN THE REDUCTION OF GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION. MOREOVER, WE OBSERVED THAT EMRT COUNTERACTS THE TELOMERES' SHORTENING IN A MANNER THAT PROVED TO BE DIRECTLY CORRELATED WITH THE AMELIORATION OF REDOX HOMEOSTASIS AND EFFICACY OF TRAINING REGIME, EVALUATED AS IMPROVEMENT OF BOTH MUSCLE'S POWER/STRENGTH AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
6 5614  32 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF EPIGENETICALLY CONVERTED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS INTO INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS: A PRECLINICAL STUDY. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS (T1DM) IS A CHRONIC DISEASE THAT LEADS TO LOSS OF INSULIN SECRETING BETA-CELLS, CAUSING HIGH LEVELS OF BLOOD GLUCOSE. EXOGENOUS INSULIN ADMINISTRATION IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO MIMIC THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF BETA-CELLS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, DIABETES MELLITUS OFTEN PROGRESSES AND CAN LEAD TO MAJOR CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS AND MORBIDITY. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF GLUCOSE LEVELS CAN ONLY BE RESTORED BY REPLACING THE BETA-CELL MASS.WE RECENTLY DEVELOPED A NEW STRATEGY THAT ALLOWS FOR EPIGENETIC CONVERSION OF DERMAL FIBROBLASTS INTO INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS (EPICC), USING A BRIEF EXPOSURE TO THE DEMETHYLATING AGENT 5-AZA-CYTIDINE (5-AZA-CR), FOLLOWED BY A PANCREATIC INDUCTION PROTOCOL. THIS METHOD HAS NOTABLE ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO THE ALTERNATIVE AVAILABLE PROCEDURES AND MAY REPRESENT A PROMISING TOOL FOR CLINICAL TRANSLATION AS A THERAPY FOR T1DM. HOWEVER, A THOUGHT EVALUATION OF ITS THERAPEUTIC SAFETY AND EFFICACY IS MANDATORY TO SUPPORT PRECLINICAL STUDIES BASED ON EPICC TREATMENT.WE HERE REPORT THE DATA OBTAINED USING HUMAN FIBROBLASTS ISOLATED FROM DIABETIC AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, BELONGING THE TWO GENDERS. EPICC WERE INJECTED INTO 650 DIABETIC SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (SCID) MICE AND DEMONSTRATED TO BE ABLE TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN GLYCEMIC LEVELS WITHIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RANGE. CELLS HAD THE ABILITY TO SELF-REGULATE AND NOT TO CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA, WHEN TRANSPLANTED IN HEALTHY ANIMALS. EFFICACY TESTS SHOWED THAT EPICC SUCCESSFULLY RE-ESTABLISHED NORMOGLYCEMIA IN DIABETIC MICE, USING A DOSE RANGE THAT APPEARED CLINICALLY RELEVANT TO THE CONCENTRATION 0.6 X 10(6) EPICC. NECROPSY AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS DEMONSTRATED THE ABSENCE OF MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION AND CELL MIGRATION TO ORGANS AND LYMPH NODES.THE PRESENT PRECLINICAL STUDY DEMONSTRATES SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF HUMAN EPICC IN DIABETIC MICE AND SUPPORTS THE USE OF EPIGENETIC CONVERTED CELLS FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE OF DIABETES MELLITUS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
7 3152  34 GLUCOSE VARIABILITY: HOW DOES IT WORK? A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE POINTS TO THE ROLE OF GLUCOSE VARIABILITY (GV) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROVASCULAR AND MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE DATA ON GV-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR EVENTS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS. CURRENT DATA INDICATE THAT THE DETERIORATING EFFECT OF GV ON TARGET ORGANS CAN BE REALIZED THROUGH OXIDATIVE STRESS, GLYCATION, CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION, PLATELET ACTIVATION, IMPAIRED ANGIOGENESIS AND RENAL FIBROSIS. THE EFFECTS OF GV ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND HYPERCOAGULABILITY COULD BE AGGRAVATED BY HYPOGLYCEMIA, ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH GV. OSCILLATING HYPERGLYCEMIA CONTRIBUTES TO BETA CELL DYSFUNCTION, WHICH LEADS TO A FURTHER INCREASE IN GV AND COMPLETES THE VICIOUS CIRCLE. IN CELLS, THE GV-INDUCED CYTOTOXIC EFFECT INCLUDES MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS AND DISTURBANCES IN AUTOPHAGIC FLUX, WHICH ARE ACCOMPANIED BY REDUCED VIABILITY, ACTIVATION OF APOPTOSIS AND ABNORMALITIES IN CELL PROLIFERATION. THESE EFFECTS ARE REALIZED THROUGH THE UP- AND DOWN-REGULATION OF A LARGE NUMBER OF GENES AND THE ACTIVITY OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS SUCH AS PI3K/AKT, NF-KAPPAB, MAPK (ERK), JNK AND TGF-BETA/SMAD. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS MEDIATE THE POSTPONED EFFECTS OF GLUCOSE FLUCTUATIONS. THE MULTIPLE DETERIORATIVE EFFECTS OF GV PROVIDE FURTHER SUPPORT FOR CONSIDERING IT AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN DIABETES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
8 2776  42 EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION ON PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MALE RATS: THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OBJECTIVE: EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE IS CONSIDERED AS A CRITICAL TIME WINDOW FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LONG-TERM METABOLIC STATES AND ORGAN FUNCTIONS. EXTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (EUGR) CAUSES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT-ONSET CHRONIC DISEASES, INCLUDING PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL DISADVANTAGES DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD ON PULMONARY VASCULAR CONSEQUENCES IN LATER LIFE ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION MEDIATES THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF THIS EARLY POSTNATAL EVENT. METHODS AND RESULTS: TO TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS, WE ISOLATED PULMONARY VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY MAGNETIC-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING FROM EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. A POSTNATAL INSULT, NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION-INDUCED EUGR CAUSED DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCREASED PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. METHYL-DNA IMMUNE PRECIPITATION CHIP, GENOME-SCALE MAPPING STUDIES TO SEARCH FOR DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LOCI BETWEEN CONTROL AND EUGR RATS, REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN CYTOSINE METHYLATION BETWEEN EUGR AND CONTROL RATS. EUGR CHANGES THE CYTOSINE METHYLATION AT APPROXIMATELY 500 LOCI IN MALE RATS AT 9 WEEKS OF AGE, PRECEDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THESE REPRESENT THE CANDIDATE LOCI FOR MEDIATING THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE THAT OCCURS LATER IN LIFE. GENE ONTOLOGY ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES SHOWED THAT HYPERMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT-ASSOCIATED GENES AND HYPOMETHYLATED GENES IN EUGR ARE LATE-DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES. WE VALIDATED CANDIDATE DYSREGULATED LOCI WITH THE QUANTITATIVE ASSAYS OF CYTOSINE METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSIONS. CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT EPIGENETICS DYSREGULATION IS A STRONG MECHANISM FOR PROPAGATING THE CELLULAR MEMORY OF EARLY POSTNATAL EVENTS, CAUSING CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES AND LONG-TERM SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PULMONARY HYPERTENSION, AND FURTHER PROVIDING A NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF EUGR-RELATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.	2014	
                                                           
9 3468  49 HYPOXIA-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PRO-FIBROTIC PHENOTYPE. BACKGROUND: PULMONARY FIBROSIS IS A DEBILITATING AND LETHAL DISEASE WITH NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS. UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT PLAY WILL DIRECT THE APPLICATION OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES. HYPOXIA HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY FIBROSIS YET THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH IT CONTRIBUTES TO DISEASE PROGRESSION REMAINS TO BE FULLY ELUCIDATED. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA CAN ALTER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN TUMOUR-DERIVED CELL LINES. THIS EPIGENETIC ALTERATION CAN INDUCE CHANGES IN CELLULAR PHENOTYPE WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION BEING ASSOCIATED WITH GENE SILENCING. OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE TO IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF) IS THE OBSERVATION THAT THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MYOFIBROBLAST PHENOTYPE WHERE LOSS OF THY-1 OCCURS ALONGSIDE INCREASED ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA) EXPRESSION. THE INITIAL AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HYPOXIA REGULATES DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS (CCD19LU). AS IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT HYPOXIA SUPPRESSES THY-1 EXPRESSION DURING LUNG DEVELOPMENT WE ALSO STUDIED THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: CCD19LU WERE GROWN FOR UP TO 8 DAYS IN HYPOXIA AND ASSESSED FOR GLOBAL CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION USING FLOW CYTOMETRY. REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO QUANTIFY EXPRESSION OF THY-1, ALPHA-SMA, COLLAGEN I AND III. GENOMIC DNA WAS BISULPHITE TREATED AND METHYLATION SPECIFIC PCR (MSPCR) WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE THY-1 PROMOTER. RESULTS: SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN HYPOXIC FIBROBLASTS RELATIVE TO NORMOXIC CONTROLS AND WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF MYOFIBROBLAST MARKERS. THY-1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS SUPPRESSED IN HYPOXIC CELLS, WHICH WAS RESTORED WITH THE DEMETHYLATING AGENT 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. MSPCR REVEALED THAT THY-1 BECAME METHYLATED FOLLOWING FIBROBLAST EXPOSURE TO 1% O2. CONCLUSION: THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FIBROBLAST FUNCTION IN HYPOXIA.	2012	
                                                  
10 2395  40 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN MIST1(-/-) MICE PREDICTS THE MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. GENE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE CORE PROTEINS WITHIN CHROMATIN. CHANGES IN THESE MODIFICATIONS, OR EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, CAN DICTATE CELL FATE AND PROMOTE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS THAT OCCURS FOLLOWING ABLATION OF MIST1 (MIST1(-/-) ), WHICH IS REPRESSED IN PANCREATIC DISEASE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUE 4 ON HISTONE 3 (H3K4ME3) IN PURIFIED ACINAR CELLS FROM WILD TYPE AND MIST1(-/-) MICE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) OR CHIP-QPCR. H3K4ME3-ENRICHED GENES WERE ASSESSED FOR EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR IN PANCREATIC TISSUE BEFORE AND AFTER INDUCTION OF CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. WHILE MOST OF H3K4ME3-ENRICHMENT IS RESTRICTED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES, >25% OF ENRICHMENT SITES ARE FOUND WITHIN, DOWNSTREAM OR BETWEEN ANNOTATED GENES. LESS THAN 10% OF THESE SITES WERE ALTERED IN MIST1(-/-) ACINI, WITH MOST CHANGES IN H3K4ME3 ENRICHMENT NOT REFLECTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES DIFFERENTIALLY-ENRICHED FOR H3K4ME3 REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION WITH PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE. MOST OF THESE GENES WERE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BUT SEVERAL WERE READILY INDUCED BY ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE RELATIVE TO WILD TYPE MICE. WE SUGGEST THAT THE CHRONIC CELL STRESS OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF MIST1 RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROMOTING PANCREATITIS TO A POISED STATE, THEREBY INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO EVENTS THAT PROMOTE DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
11  222  28 ACUTE LIVER STEATOSIS TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLS THE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR MIER1 TO PROMOTE LIVER REGENERATION IN A STUDY WITH MALE MICE. THE EARLY PHASE LIPID ACCUMULATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR LIVER REGENERATION. HOWEVER, WHETHER THIS ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION CAN SERVE AS SIGNALS TO DIRECT LIVER REGENERATION RATHER THAN SIMPLY PROVIDING BUILDING BLOCKS FOR CELL PROLIFERATION REMAINS UNCLEAR. THROUGH IN VIVO CRISPR SCREENING, WE IDENTIFY MIER1 (MESODERM INDUCTION EARLY RESPONSE 1) AS A KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT BRIDGES THE ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION AND CELL CYCLE GENE EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION IN MALE ANIMALS. PHYSIOLOGICALLY, LIVER ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCES THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF EIF2S1(EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 2), WHICH CONSEQUENTLY ATTENUATED MIER1 TRANSLATION. MIER1 DOWNREGULATION IN TURN PROMOTES CELL CYCLE GENE EXPRESSION AND REGENERATION THROUGH CHROMATIN REMODELING. IMPORTANTLY, THE LIPIDS-EIF2S1-MIER1 PATHWAY IS IMPAIRED IN ANIMALS WITH CHRONIC LIVER STEATOSIS; WHEREAS MIER1 DEPLETION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES REGENERATION IN THESE ANIMALS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR STUDIES IDENTIFY AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM BY WHICH THE EARLY PHASE LIPID REDISTRIBUTION FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE TO LIVER DURING REGENERATION IMPACTS HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION, AND SUGGEST A POTENTIAL STRATEGY TO BOOST LIVER REGENERATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
12   19  32 5-AZACYTYDINE AND RESVERATROL REVERSE SENESCENCE AND AGEING OF ADIPOSE STEM CELLS VIA MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS AND AUTOPHAGY. OBESITY AND ENDOCRINE DISORDERS HAVE BECOME PREVALENT ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF BOTH HUMAN AND VETERINARY MEDICINE. EQUINE METABOLIC SYNDROME IS A COMPLEX DISORDER INVOLVING ALTERNATION IN METABOLISM AND CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT UNFAVOURABLE MICROENVIRONMENT OF INFLAMED ADIPOSE TISSUE NEGATIVELY AFFECTS ADIPOSE STEM CELL POPULATION (ASC) RESIDING WITHIN, MARKEDLY LIMITING THEIR THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL. ASCS(EMS) ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SENESCENCE APOPTOSIS, EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), MITOCHONDRIA DETERIORATION AND "AUTOPHAGIC FLUX." THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE WHETHER TREATMENT OF ASCS(EMS) WITH A COMBINATION OF 5-AZACYTYDINE (AZA) AND RESVERATROL (RES) WOULD REVERSE AGED PHENOTYPE OF THESE CELLS. FOR THIS REASON, WE PERFORMED THE FOLLOWING ANALYZES: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (RT-PCR), MICROSCOPIC (IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, TEM) AND FLOW CYTOMETRY (JC-1, ROS, KI67). WE EVALUATED THE MITOCHONDRIAL STATUS, DYNAMICS AND CLEARANCE AS WELL AS AUTOPHAGIC PATHWAYS. FURTHERMORE, WE INVESTIGATED EPIGENETIC ALTERNATIONS IN TREATED CELLS BY MEASURING THE EXPRESSION OF TET GENES AND ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION STATUS. WE HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT AZA/RES TREATMENT OF ASCS(EMS) IS ABLE TO REJUVENATE THESE CELLS BY MODULATING MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS, IN PARTICULAR BY PROMOTING MITOCHONDRIAL FUSION OVER FISSION. AFTER AZA/RES TREATMENT, ASCS(EMS) WERE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED PROLIFERATION RATE, DECREASED APOPTOSIS AND SENESCENCE AND LOWER ROS ACCUMULATION. OUR FINDINGS OFFER A NOVEL APPROACH AND POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF AZA/RES IN AMELIORATING STEM CELL DYSFUNCTIONS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13 4992  26 PEELING THE ONION: ANOTHER LAYER IN THE REGULATION OF INSULIN SECRETION. INSULIN SECRETION BY PANCREATIC BETA CELLS IS A DYNAMIC AND HIGHLY REGULATED PROCESS DUE TO THE CENTRAL IMPORTANCE OF INSULIN IN ENABLING EFFICIENT UTILIZATION AND STORAGE OF GLUCOSE. MULTIPLE REGULATORY LAYERS ENABLE BETA CELLS TO ADAPT TO ACUTE CHANGES IN NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AS WELL AS CHRONIC CHANGES IN METABOLIC DEMAND. WHILE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HAVE BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED AS REGULATORS OF CHRONIC BETA CELL ADAPTATIONS TO INSULIN RESISTANCE, THEIR ROLE IN ACUTE ADAPTATIONS IN RESPONSE TO NUTRIENT STIMULATION HAS BEEN RELATIVELY UNEXPLORED. IN THIS ISSUE OF THE JCI, WORTHAM ET AL. REPORT THAT SHORT-TERM DYNAMIC CHANGES IN HISTONE MODIFICATIONS REGULATED INSULIN SECRETION AND ACUTE BETA CELL ADAPTATIONS IN RESPONSE TO FASTING AND FEEDING CYCLES. THESE FINDINGS HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF INVESTIGATING WHETHER OTHER EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO ACUTE PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS IN BETA CELLS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
14 4875  35 OVEREXPRESSION OF AKT1 ENHANCES ADIPOGENESIS AND LEADS TO LIPOMA FORMATION IN ZEBRAFISH. BACKGROUND: OBESITY IS A COMPLEX, MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER INFLUENCED BY THE INTERACTION OF GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. OBESITY INCREASES THE RISK OF CONTRACTING MANY CHRONIC DISEASES OR METABOLIC SYNDROME. RESEARCHERS HAVE ESTABLISHED SEVERAL MAMMALIAN MODELS OF OBESITY TO STUDY ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISM. HOWEVER, A LOWER VERTEBRATE MODEL FOR CONVENIENTLY PERFORMING DRUG SCREENING AGAINST OBESITY REMAINS ELUSIVE. THE SPECIFIC AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO CREATE A ZEBRAFISH OBESITY MODEL BY OVER EXPRESSING THE INSULIN SIGNALING HUB OF THE AKT1 GENE. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SKIN ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION SCREENING SHOWS THAT A STABLE ZEBRAFISH TRANSGENIC OF TG(KRT4HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) DISPLAYS SEVERELY OBESE PHENOTYPES AT THE ADULT STAGE. IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), THE EXPRESSION OF EXOGENOUS HUMAN CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE AKT1 (MYRAKT1) CAN ACTIVATE ENDOGENOUS DOWNSTREAM TARGETS OF MTOR, GSK-3ALPHA/BETA, AND 70S6K. DURING THE EMBRYONIC TO LARVAL TRANSITORY PHASE, THE SPECIFIC OVER EXPRESSION OF MYRAKT1 IN SKIN CAN PROMOTE HYPERTROPHIC AND HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH. FROM 21 HOUR POST-FERTILIZATION (HPF) ONWARDS, MYRAKT1 TRANSGENE WAS ECTOPICALLY EXPRESSED IN SEVERAL MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. THIS MAY BE THE RESULT OF THE INTEGRATION POSITION EFFECT. TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18) CAUSED A RAPID INCREASE OF BODY WEIGHT, HYPERPLASTIC GROWTH OF ADIPOCYTES, ABNORMAL ACCUMULATION OF FAT TISSUES, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE AT THE ADULT STAGE. REAL-TIME RT-PCR ANALYSIS SHOWED THE MAJORITY OF KEY GENES ON REGULATING ADIPOGENESIS, ADIPOCYTOKINE, AND INFLAMMATION ARE HIGHLY UPREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18). IN CONTRAST, THE MYOGENESIS- AND SKELETOGENESIS-RELATED GENE TRANSCRIPTS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DOWNREGULATED IN TG(KRT4:HSA.MYRAKT1)(CY18), SUGGESTING THAT EXCESS ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION OCCURS AT THE EXPENSE OF OTHER MESENCHYMAL DERIVED TISSUES. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: COLLECTIVELY, THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY PROVIDE DIRECT EVIDENCE THAT AKT1 SIGNALING PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN BALANCING NORMAL LEVELS OF FAT TISSUE IN VIVO. THE OBESE ZEBRAFISH EXAMINED IN THIS STUDY COULD BE A NEW POWERFUL MODEL TO SCREEN NOVEL DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HUMAN OBESITY.	2012	

15 2246  23 EPIGENETIC MODULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY PROMOTES RESILIENCE AGAINST STRESS IN MICE. MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMALITIES IN THE BRAIN AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. CHRONIC STRESS IN ANIMALS SHOWED THAT EPIGENETIC AND INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN MEDIATING RESILIENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEPRESSION. HERE, THROUGH A HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING, WE IDENTIFY TWO PHYTOCHEMICALS, DIHYDROCAFFEIC ACID (DHCA) AND MALVIDIN-3'-O-GLUCOSIDE (MAL-GLUC) THAT ARE EFFECTIVE IN PROMOTING RESILIENCE AGAINST STRESS BY MODULATING BRAIN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION. DHCA/MAL-GLUC ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES DEPRESSION-LIKE PHENOTYPES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF INCREASED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION INDUCED BY TRANSPLANTATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS FROM STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE MICE. DHCA REDUCES PRO-INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKIN 6 (IL-6) GENERATIONS BY INHIBITING DNA METHYLATION AT THE CPG-RICH IL-6 SEQUENCES INTRONS 1 AND 3, WHILE MAL-GLUC MODULATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY BY INCREASING HISTONE ACETYLATION OF THE REGULATORY SEQUENCES OF THE RAC1 GENE. PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION AND SYNAPTIC MALADAPTATION ARE IN LINE WITH NEWLY HYPOTHESIZED CLINICAL INTERVENTION TARGETS FOR DEPRESSION THAT ARE NOT ADDRESSED BY CURRENTLY AVAILABLE ANTIDEPRESSANTS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
16 3591  24 IMPAIRED ONE CARBON METABOLISM AND DNA METHYLATION IN ALCOHOL TOXICITY. EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS A PROMINENT PROBLEM AND ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY AROUND THE WORLD. LONG-TERM, HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A NUMBER OF DELETERIOUS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, SUCH AS CANCER, HEART AND LIVER DISEASE, A VARIETY OF NEUROLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, AND BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS. THE CAUSES OF ALCOHOL-INDUCED TOXICITY ARE PRESENTLY UNCLEAR. ONE OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING ALCOHOL TOXICITY HAS TO DO WITH ITS INTERACTION WITH FOLIC ACID/HOMOCYSTEINE OR ONE-CARBON METABOLISM (OCM). OCM IS A MAJOR DONOR OF METHYL GROUPS FOR METHYLATION, PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLATION CRITICAL FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, AND ITS DISTURBANCE MAY COMPROMISE DNA METHYLATION, THEREBY AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION. OCM DISTURBANCE MEDIATED BY NUTRIENT DEFICITS IS A WELL-KNOWN RISK FACTOR FOR VARIOUS DISORDERS AND DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS (E.G., NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS). IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE ROLE OF OCM DISTURBANCE AND ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC ABERRATIONS IN CHRONIC ALCOHOL-INDUCED TOXICITY. IN THIS REVIEW, WE SUMMARIZE THE ROLE OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM (OCM) ABERRATIONS IN CHRONIC ALCOHOL-INDUCED TOXICITY. OCM IS A MAJOR DONOR OF METHYL GROUPS FOR METHYLATION REACTIONS, PARTICULARLY DNA METHYLATION CRITICAL FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. ALCOHOL INTERFERENCE WITH OCM AND CONSEQUENT REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF METHYL GROUPS, IMPROPER DNA METHYLATION, AND ABERRANT GENE EXPRESSION CAN PLAY A CAUSATIVE ROLE IN ALCOHOL TOXICITY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
17 3764  34 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA IDENTIFIES EPAS1 AS A KEY REGULATOR OF COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE. GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE KNOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO COPD RISK AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. THEREFORE WE DEVELOPED A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY REGULATORS OF COPD THAT INTEGRATES GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND PHENOTYPE DATA IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD AND CONTROL SAMPLES. OUR INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 126 KEY REGULATORS OF COPD. WE IDENTIFIED EPAS1 AS THE ONLY KEY REGULATOR WHOSE DOWNSTREAM GENES SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH MULTIPLE GENES SETS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD DISEASE SEVERITY. EPAS1 IS DISTINCT IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER KEY REGULATORS IN TERMS OF METHYLATION PROFILE AND DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. GENES PREDICTED TO BE REGULATED BY EPAS1 WERE ENRICHED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING SIGNALING, CELL COMMUNICATIONS, AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. WE CONFIRMED THAT EPAS1 PROTEIN LEVELS ARE LOWER IN HUMAN COPD LUNG TISSUE COMPARED TO NON-DISEASE CONTROLS AND THAT EPAS1 GENE EXPRESSION IS REDUCED IN MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. AS EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, WE TESTED EPAS1 FUNCTION IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. EPAS1 KNOCKDOWN BY SIRNA IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IMPACTED GENES THAT SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES IN LUNG TISSUE INCLUDING HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES, AND GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY. OUR FIRST INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES ILLUSTRATES THAT NOT ONLY DOES DNA METHYLATION PLAY A 'CAUSAL' ROLE IN THE MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD, BUT IT CAN BE LEVERAGED TO DIRECTLY IDENTIFY NOVEL KEY MEDIATORS OF THIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
18  984  37 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
19 2373  35 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE N-TERMINAL TRUNCATED ISOFORM OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 (NTT-MMP-2) AND ITS PRESENCE IN RENAL AND CARDIAC DISEASES. SEVERAL CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES HAVE DOCUMENTED A COMPELLING AND CRITICAL ROLE FOR THE FULL-LENGTH MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 (FL-MMP-2) IN ISCHEMIC RENAL INJURY, PROGRESSIVE RENAL FIBROSIS, AND DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. A NOVEL N-TERMINAL TRUNCATED ISOFORM OF MMP-2 (NTT-MMP-2) WAS RECENTLY DISCOVERED, WHICH IS INDUCED BY HYPOXIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BY THE ACTIVATION OF A LATENT PROMOTER LOCATED IN THE FIRST INTRON OF THE MMP2 GENE. THIS NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IS ENZYMATICALLY ACTIVE BUT REMAINS INTRACELLULAR IN OR NEAR THE MITOCHONDRIA. IN THIS PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE, WE FIRST PRESENT THE FINDINGS ABOUT THE DISCOVERY OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM, AND ITS FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES AS COMPARED WITH THE FL-MMP-2 ISOFORM. BASED ON PUBLICLY AVAILABLE EPIGENOMICS DATA FROM THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DNA ELEMENTS (ENCODE) PROJECT, WE PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF THE LATENT PROMOTER LOCATED IN THE FIRST INTRON OF THE MMP2 GENE, WHICH SUPPORT THE ACTIVATION OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM. WE THEN FOCUS ON ITS FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT BY COVERING THE ALTERATIONS FOUND IN THE KIDNEY OF TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM. NEXT, WE HIGHLIGHT RECENT FINDINGS REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IN RENAL DYSFUNCTION, IN KIDNEY AND CARDIAC DISEASES, INCLUDING DAMAGE OBSERVED IN AGING, ACUTE ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (IRI), CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY, AND HUMAN RENAL TRANSPLANTS WITH DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION. FINALLY, WE BRIEFLY DISCUSS HOW OUR INSIGHTS MAY GUIDE FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES THAT ARE NEEDED TO ELUCIDATE THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND THE ROLE OF THE NTT-MMP-2 ISOFORM IN RENAL DYSFUNCTION, WHICH MAY HELP TO ESTABLISH IT AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN KIDNEY DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20 4210  28 METFORMIN AND VITAMIN D MODULATE INFLAMMATION AND AUTOPHAGY DURING ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION. ADIPOSE-DERIVED STEM CELLS (ADSCS) CAME OUT FROM THE REGENERATIVE MEDICINE LANDSCAPE FOR THEIR ABILITY TO DIFFERENTIATE INTO SEVERAL PHENOTYPES, CONTRIBUTING TO TISSUE REGENERATION BOTH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. DYSREGULATION IN STEM CELL RECRUITMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION DURING ADIPOGENESIS IS LINKED TO A CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION AND MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION INSIDE THE ADIPOSE TISSUE, INSULIN RESISTANCE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND OBESITY. IN THE PRESENT PAPER WE AIMED TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF METFORMIN AND VITAMIN D, ALONE OR IN COMBINATION, IN MODULATING INFLAMMATION AND AUTOPHAGY IN ADSCS DURING ADIPOGENIC COMMITMENT. ADSCS WERE CULTURED FOR 21 DAYS IN THE PRESENCE OF A SPECIFIC ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION MEDIUM, TOGETHER WITH METFORMIN, OR VITAMIN D, OR BOTH. WE THEN ANALYZED THE EXPRESSION OF FOXO1 AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSP) AND THE SECRETION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IL-6 AND TNF-ALPHA BY ELISA. AUTOPHAGY WAS ALSO ASSESSED BY SPECIFIC WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS OF ATG12, LC3B I, AND LC3B II EXPRESSION. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THE ABILITY OF THE CONDITIONED MEDIA TO MODULATE ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION, FINELY TUNING THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND AUTOPHAGY. WE OBSERVED A MODULATION IN HSP MRNA LEVELS, AND A SIGNIFICANT DOWNREGULATION IN CYTOKINE SECRETION. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THE POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF THESE MOLECULES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE TO COUNTERACT UNCONTROLLED LIPOGENESIS AND PREVENT OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED METABOLIC DISORDERS.	2021