1  337 130 ALTERATIONS IN DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION INTERMEDIATES PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE DYSREGULATIONS REPRESENT IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WHOSE IMPACT ON THE CLINICAL OUTCOME IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. HENCE, GLOBAL LEVELS OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5-MCYT), 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMCYT), 5-CARBOXYLCYTOSINE (5-CACYT) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLURACIL WERE TESTED IN PURIFIED B CELLS FROM CLL PATIENTS (N = 55) AND CONTROLS (N = 17). THE DNA METHYLATION 'WRITERS' (DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES [DNMT1/3A/3B]), 'READERS' (METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN [MBD2/4]), 'EDITORS' (TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION [TET1/2/3]) AND 'MODULATORS' (SAT1) WERE ALSO EVALUATED. ACCORDINGLY, PATIENTS WERE STRATIFIED INTO THREE SUBGROUPS. FIRST, A SUBGROUP WITH A GLOBAL DEFICIT IN CYTOSINE DERIVATIVES CHARACTERIZED BY HYPERLYMPHOCYTOSIS, REDUCED MEDIAN PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL (PFS = 52 MONTHS) AND SHORTER TREATMENT FREE SURVIVAL (TFS = 112 MONTHS) WAS IDENTIFIED. IN THIS SUBGROUP, MAJOR EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS WERE HIGHLIGHTED INCLUDING A REDUCTION OF 5-MCYT, 5-HMCYT, 5-CACYT ASSOCIATED WITH DNMT3A, MBD2/4 AND TET1/2 DOWNREGULATION. SECOND, THE CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE ANALYSIS REVEALED A SUBGROUP WITH A PARTIAL DEFICIT (PFS = 84, TFS = 120 MONTHS), MAINLY AFFECTING DNA DEMETHYLATION (5-HMCYT REDUCTION, SAT1 INDUCTION). THIRD, A SUBGROUP EPIGENETICALLY SIMILAR TO CONTROLS WAS IDENTIFIED (PFS AND TFS > 120 MONTHS). THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF STRATIFYING CLL PATIENTS WITHIN THREE EPIGENETIC SUBGROUPS WAS CONFIRMED IN A VALIDATION COHORT. IN CONCLUSION, OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DYSREGULATIONS OF CYTOSINE DERIVATIVE REGULATORS REPRESENT MAJOR EVENTS ACQUIRED DURING CLL PROGRESSION AND ARE INDEPENDENT FROM IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 1107  49 COMBINING CYTOGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC APPROACHES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IMPROVES PROGNOSIS PREDICTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED 13Q DELETION. BACKGROUND: BOTH DEFECTIVE DNA METHYLATION AND ACTIVE DNA DEMETHYLATION PROCESSES ARE EMERGING AS IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 5-CYTOSINE EPIGENETIC MARKERS AND THE MOST FREQUENT CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES DETECTED IN CLL REMAIN TO BE ESTABLISHED. METHODS: CLL PATIENTS WERE RETROSPECTIVELY CLASSIFIED INTO A CYTOGENETIC LOW-RISK GROUP (ISOLATED 13Q DELETION), AN INTERMEDIATE-RISK GROUP (NORMAL KARYOTYPE OR TRISOMY 12), AND A HIGH-RISK GROUP (11Q DELETION, 17P DELETION, OR COMPLEX KARYOTYPE [>/= 3 BREAKPOINTS]). THE TWO 5-CYTOSINE DERIVATIVES, 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5-MCYT) AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMCYT), WERE TESTED BY ELISA (N = 60), WHILE REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR WAS USED FOR DETERMINING TRANSCRIPTIONAL EXPRESSION LEVELS OF DNMT AND TET (N = 24). RESULTS: BY USING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION LEVELS, IN THE LOW-RISK DISEASE GROUP, TWO SUBGROUPS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT CLINICAL OUTCOMES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED (MEDIAN TREATMENT-FREE SURVIVAL [TFS] 45 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-MCYT, P = 0.0008, AND 63 VERSUS > 120 MONTHS FOR 5-HMCYT, P = 0.04). A DEFECTIVE 5-MCYT STATUS WAS FURTHER ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF 13Q DELETED NUCLEI (> 80%), THUS SUGGESTING AN ACQUIRED PROCESS. WHEN CONSIDERING THE CYTOGENETIC INTERMEDIATE/HIGH-RISK DISEASE GROUPS, AN ASSOCIATION OF 5-MCYT STATUS WITH LYMPHOCYTOSIS (P = 0.0008) AND THE LYMPHOCYTE DOUBLING TIME (P = 0.04) BUT NOT WITH TFS WAS OBSERVED, AS WELL AS A REDUCTION OF DNMT3A, TET1, AND TET2 TRANSCRIPTS. CONCLUSIONS: COMBINING CYTOGENETIC STUDIES WITH 5-MCYT ASSESSMENT ADDS ACCURACY TO CLL PATIENTS' PROGNOSES AND PARTICULARLY FOR THOSE WITH 13Q DELETION AS A SOLE CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITY.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3  831  41 CHARACTERIZATION OF TET AND IDH GENE EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: COMPARISON WITH NORMAL B CELLS AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS THE MOST COMMON HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY IN WESTERN COUNTRIES, CHARACTERIZED BY A HETEROGENEOUS CLINICAL COURSE. ALTHOUGH GENETIC STUDIES HAVE IDENTIFIED CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS OR SPECIFIC MUTATIONS, EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE BEEN POORLY CHARACTERIZED IN CLL. METHODS: WE ASSESSED TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATIONS (TET) 1, 2, AND 3, ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE (IDH) 1, AND 2 MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) EXPRESSION USING REAL-TIME PCR ON PURIFIED LEUKEMIC B CELLS FROM 214 CLL PATIENTS (MEDIAN FOLLOW-UP = 75 MONTHS, RANGE 1-380), NORMAL PERIPHERAL BLOOD B CELLS (N = 20), AND UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD B CELLS (N = 21). THE MICROENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE WAS ASSESSED AFTER 24 H CO-CULTURE OF CLL CELLS WITH BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS (BMSC). FINALLY, 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE LEVEL (%5-HMC) WAS ASSESSED BY ELISA IN CLL CELLS ALONE OR WITH MICROENVIRONMENT STIMULI. RESULTS: TET 1 AND 3 AND IDH2 WERE DECREASED IN CLL CELLS COMPARED WITH HEALTHY B CELLS (P = 0.0221, 0.0013, <0.0001, RESPECTIVELY), WHILE IDH1 WAS OVEREXPRESSED (P = 0.0037). TET2 AND IDH1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH TREATMENT-FREE SURVIVAL (TFS); PATIENTS WITH HIGH TET2/IDH1 EXPRESSION HAD A HIGHER MEDIAN TFS (111 MONTHS) THAN PATIENTS WITH LOW EXPRESSION (78 MONTHS, P = 0.0071/0.0123). MOREOVER, TET1 EXPRESSION DECREASED (P = 0.0371), WHILE TET3 AND IDH2 EXPRESSION INCREASED (P = 0.0273/0.0039) IN CO-CULTURES. HOWEVER, %5-HMC WAS NOT CORRELATED WITH CLINICAL DATA AND WAS UNCHANGED FOLLOWING MICROENVIRONMENT STIMULI. CONCLUSIONS: DESPITE A SLIGHT DEREGULATION IN CLL CELLS COMPARED WITH NORMAL B CELLS, WE IDENTIFIED A SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TET/IDH GENE EXPRESSION AND PROGNOSIS, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES COULD POTENTIALLY BE ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION. MOREOVER, DESPITE AN IDENTICAL %5-HMC, TET GENE EXPRESSION WAS INFLUENCED BY CONTACT WITH BMSC CONFIRMING THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF THE MICROENVIRONMENT IN CLL PATHOGENESIS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                             
4 1473  42 DISTINCT PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PROMOTER METHYLATION IN EARLY STAGE CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. GENOMIC AND EPIGENOMIC STUDIES OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) ARE RESHAPING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE AND HAVE PROVIDED NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR A MORE INDIVIDUALIZED DIAGNOSIS AND NEW POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS. IN THIS STUDY, THE GLOBAL PROMOTER METHYLATION PROFILE WAS DETERMINED IN HIGHLY PURIFIED B-CELLS FROM 37 (BINET STAGE A) CLL PATIENTS, USING HIGH-RESOLUTION METHYLATION MICROARRAYS (27,578 CPG). OVERALL, THE METHYLATION PATTERN CORRELATED WITH THE MAJOR BIOLOGICAL (ZAP-70 AND CD38), AND MOLECULAR (IGHV MUTATION) MARKERS, DISTINGUISHING CLL CASES ACCORDING TO IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS. CELL ADHESION MOLECULES WERE ENRICHED IN THE SIGNATURE OF UNMUTATED (UM) VERSUS MUTATED (M-) CLL. MOREOVER, IN M-CLL CPG HYPER-METHYLATION IN THREE GENES, INCLUDING SPG20, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ANTI-CORRELATED WITH THE CORRESPONDING GENE EXPRESSION LEVEL. FINALLY, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE METHYLATION PATTERN AND CLINICAL PARAMETERS WAS INVESTIGATED. NOTABLY, OUT OF 42 METHYL-PROBES THAT WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL (PFS), HYPER-METHYLATION OF SPG20 WAS ALSO POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH PFS. THESE DATA SUPPORT THE NOTION THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES HAVE CLINICAL IMPACT IN CLL AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL CANDIDATE DISEASE-ASSOCIATED GENES POTENTIALLY USEFUL TO PREDICT THE CLINICAL OUTCOME OF EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
5   27  38 A B-CELL EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE DEFINES THREE BIOLOGIC SUBGROUPS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH CLINICAL IMPACT. PROSPECTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) DESTINED TO PROGRESS WOULD GREATLY FACILITATE THEIR CLINICAL MANAGEMENT. RECENTLY, WHOLE-GENOME DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES IDENTIFIED THREE CLINICOBIOLOGIC CLL SUBGROUPS WITH AN EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE RELATED TO DIFFERENT NORMAL B-CELL COUNTERPARTS. HERE, WE DEVELOPED A CLINICALLY APPLICABLE METHOD TO IDENTIFY THESE SUBGROUPS AND TO STUDY THEIR CLINICAL RELEVANCE. USING A SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE APPROACH, WE BUILT A PREDICTION MODEL USING FIVE EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS THAT WAS ABLE TO CLASSIFY CLL PATIENTS ACCURATELY INTO THE THREE SUBGROUPS, NAMELY NAIVE B-CELL-LIKE, INTERMEDIATE AND MEMORY B-CELL-LIKE CLL. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED BY HIGHLY REPRODUCIBLE BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING ASSAYS IN TWO INDEPENDENT CLL SERIES. IN THE INITIAL SERIES (N=211), THE THREE SUBGROUPS SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL LEVELS OF IGHV (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN LOCUS) MUTATION (P<0.001) AND VH USAGE (P<0.03), AS WELL AS DIFFERENT CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME IN TERMS OF TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT (TTT) AND OVERALL SURVIVAL (P<0.001). A MULTIVARIATE COX MODEL SHOWED THAT EPIGENETIC CLASSIFICATION WAS THE STRONGEST PREDICTOR OF TTT (P<0.001) ALONG WITH BINET STAGE (P<0.001). THESE FINDINGS WERE CORROBORATED IN A VALIDATION SERIES (N=97). IN THIS STUDY, WE DEVELOPED A SIMPLE AND ROBUST METHOD USING EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS TO CATEGORIZE CLLS INTO THREE SUBGROUPS WITH DIFFERENT CLINICOBIOLOGIC FEATURES AND OUTCOME.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6 1433  31 DIFFERENTIAL GENOME-WIDE ARRAY-BASED METHYLATION PROFILES IN PROGNOSTIC SUBSETS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. GLOBAL HYPOMETHYLATION AND REGIONAL HYPERMETHYLATION ARE WELL-KNOWN EPIGENETIC FEATURES OF CANCER; HOWEVER, IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), STUDIES ON GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ARE LIMITED. HERE, WE ANALYZED THE GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILES IN CLL, BY APPLYING HIGH-RESOLUTION METHYLATION MICROARRAYS (27,578 CPG SITES) TO 23 CLL SAMPLES, BELONGING TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN VARIABLE (IGHV) MUTATED (FAVORABLE) AND IGHV UNMUTATED/IGHV3-21 (POOR-PROGNOSTIC) SUBSETS. OVERALL, RESULTS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN METHYLATION PATTERNS BETWEEN THESE SUBGROUPS. SPECIFICALLY, IN IGHV UNMUTATED CLL, WE IDENTIFIED METHYLATION OF 7 KNOWN OR CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (EG, VHL, ABI3, AND IGSF4) AS WELL AS 8 UNMETHYLATED GENES INVOLVED IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND TUMOR PROGRESSION (EG, ADORA3 AND PRF1 ENHANCING THE NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB AND MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY). IN CONTRAST, THESE LATTER GENES WERE SILENCED BY METHYLATION IN IGHV MUTATED PATIENTS. THE ARRAY DATA WERE VALIDATED FOR SELECTED GENES USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, AND BISULFITE SEQUENCING. FINALLY, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DNA METHYLATION IN REGULATING GENE PROMOTERS WAS SHOWN BY REINDUCING 4 METHYLATED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (EG, VHL AND ABI3) IN IGHV UNMUTATED SAMPLES USING THE METHYL-INHIBITOR 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR DATA FOR THE FIRST TIME REVEAL DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILES BETWEEN PROGNOSTIC SUBSETS OF CLL, WHICH MAY UNFOLD EPIGENETIC SILENCING MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CLL PATHOGENESIS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
7   15  30 450K-ARRAY ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS REVEALS GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION TO BE RELATIVELY STABLE OVER TIME AND SIMILAR IN RESTING AND PROLIFERATIVE COMPARTMENTS. IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), THE MICROENVIRONMENT INFLUENCES GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS; HOWEVER, KNOWLEDGE IS LIMITED REGARDING THE EXTENT TO WHICH METHYLATION CHANGES WITH TIME AND EXPOSURE TO SPECIFIC MICROENVIRONMENTS. USING HIGH-RESOLUTION 450K ARRAYS, WE PROVIDE THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION STUDY OF CLL TO DATE, ANALYZING PAIRED DIAGNOSTIC/FOLLOW-UP SAMPLES FROM IGHV-MUTATED/UNTREATED AND IGHV-UNMUTATED/TREATED PATIENTS (N=36) AND PATIENT-MATCHED PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND LYMPH NODE SAMPLES (N=20). ON AN UNPRECEDENTED SCALE, WE REVEALED 2239 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES BETWEEN IGHV-MUTATED AND UNMUTATED PATIENTS, WITH THE MAJORITY OF SITES POSITIONED OUTSIDE ANNOTATED CPG ISLANDS. INTRIGUINGLY, CLL PROGNOSTIC GENES (FOR EXAMPLE, CLLU1, LPL, ZAP70 AND NOTCH1), EPIGENETIC REGULATOR (FOR EXAMPLE, HDAC9, HDAC4 AND DNMT3B), B-CELL SIGNALING (FOR EXAMPLE, IBTK) AND NUMEROUS TGF-BETA AND NF-KAPPAB/TNF PATHWAY GENES WERE ALTERNATIVELY METHYLATED BETWEEN SUBGROUPS. CONTRARY, DNA METHYLATION OVER TIME WAS DEEMED RATHER STABLE WITH FEW RECURRENT CHANGES NOTED WITHIN SUBGROUPS. ALTHOUGH A LARGER NUMBER OF NON-RECURRENT CHANGES WERE IDENTIFIED AMONG IGHV-UNMUTATED RELATIVE TO MUTATED CASES OVER TIME, THESE EQUATED TO A LOW GLOBAL CHANGE. SIMILARLY, FEW CHANGES WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN COMPARTMENT CASES. ALTOGETHER, WE REVEAL CLL SUBGROUPS TO DISPLAY UNIQUE METHYLATION PROFILES AND UNVEIL METHYLATION AS RELATIVELY STABLE OVER TIME AND SIMILAR WITHIN DIFFERENT CLL COMPARTMENTS, IMPLYING ABERRANT METHYLATION AS AN EARLY LEUKEMOGENIC EVENT.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8 1424  27 DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION OF GENE PROMOTERS IN SMALL B-CELL LYMPHOMAS. IMPROVED CARE OF PATIENTS WITH SMALL B-CELL LYMPHOMAS (SBCLS) IS LIKELY TO RESULT FROM THE ONGOING DISCOVERY OF MOLECULAR MARKERS THAT BETTER DEFINE THESE MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS. WE IDENTIFIED MULTIPLE GENE LOCI WHOSE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS DIFFERED BETWEEN 3 TYPES OF SBCL: B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, AND GRADES I AND II FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA. THIS ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING AN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY THAT ALLOWED DETERMINATION OF THE DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF 156 LOCI IN 38 GENES. COMBINED BISULFITE RESTRICTION ANALYSIS AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WERE USED TO VALIDATE THE DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF 6 OF THESE GENES. BY USING NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA CELL LINES AS MODELS, THESE GENES WERE EXAMINED FURTHER FOR METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION RELATIONSHIPS. THIS STUDY ILLUSTRATES NONRANDOM EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN SBCLS THAT SEEM TO PREFERENTIALLY INVOLVE LYMPHOMAS OF GERMINAL CENTER DERIVATION.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
9 3062  35 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS REVEALS NOVEL EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. WE CONDUCTED A GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN CD19 (+) B-CELLS FROM CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROL SAMPLES USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE METHYLATION STATUS OF 1.8-2.3 MILLION CPGS IN THE CLL GENOME WAS DETERMINED; ABOUT 45% OF THESE CPGS WERE LOCATED IN MORE THAN 23,000 CPG ISLANDS (CGIS). WHILE GLOBAL CPG METHYLATION WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN CLL AND NORMAL B-CELLS, 1764 GENE PROMOTERS WERE IDENTIFIED AS BEING DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN AT LEAST ONE CLL SAMPLE WHEN COMPARED WITH NORMAL B-CELL SAMPLES. NINETEEN PERCENT OF THE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WERE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. ABERRANT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS FOUND IN ALL HOX GENE CLUSTERS AND A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY GENES. HYPOMETHYLATION OCCURRED MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE GENE BODY INCLUDING INTRONS, EXONS, AND 3'-UTRS IN CLL. THE NFATC1 P2 PROMOTER AND FIRST INTRON WAS FOUND TO BE HYPOMETHYLATED AND CORRELATED WITH UPREGULATION OF BOTH NFATC1 RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION LEVELS IN CLL SUGGESTING THAT AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM IS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION OF NFAT ACTIVITY IN CLL CELLS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WILL FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION IN CLL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
10 2262  37 EPIGENETIC PROFILING IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA REVEALS NOVEL METHYLATION TARGETS. CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION THAT CONTRIBUTES TO TUMORIGENESIS BY TRANSCRIPTIONAL INACTIVATION OF GENES. LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE OVERALL LEVELS OF CPG ISLAND METHYLATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). TO PROVIDE A BASELINE ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL ABERRANT METHYLATION AND IDENTIFY TARGET SEQUENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATION, WE PERFORMED RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOMIC SCANNING ON 10 CLL SAMPLES. TWO METHYLATION-SENSITIVE LANDMARK ENZYMES WERE USED (NOTI AND ASCI), ALLOWING ASSESSMENT OF OVER 3000 CPG ISLANDS IN EACH SAMPLE. TUMOR-DERIVED RESTRICTION LANDMARK GENOMIC SCANNING PROFILES WERE COMPARED WITH PROFILES FROM CD19-SELECTED B CELLS FROM NORMAL VOLUNTEERS AND MATCHED NORMAL NEUTROPHILS FROM 4 CLL PATIENTS. WE FOUND 2.5-8.1% (MEAN 4.8%) OF THE CPG ISLANDS IN CLL SAMPLES WERE ABERRANTLY METHYLATED COMPARED WITH CONTROLS, AND THE METHYLATION EVENTS HAD A NONRANDOM DISTRIBUTION (P < 0.0001). FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED 193 ABERRANTLY METHYLATED SEQUENCES, OF WHICH 93% HAVE CPG ISLAND CHARACTERISTICS AND 90% HAVE HOMOLOGY TO GENES OR EXPRESSED SEQUENCES. ONE SUCH GENE, THE G PROTEIN-COUPLED METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 7 (GRM7), POSSIBLY INHIBITS CYCLIC AMP SIGNALING IN THE INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS. BISULFITE SEQUENCING OF GRM7 CONFIRMED EXTENSIVE CPG ISLAND METHYLATION, AND TREATMENT WITH 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (DECITABINE) RESULTED IN UP-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL GENES IN VITRO WITH CONCURRENT CELLULAR DEPLETION OF DNMT1 PROTEIN. OUR DUAL-ENZYME GLOBAL METHYLATION STUDY SHOWS THAT CLL IS CHARACTERIZED BY WIDESPREAD NONRANDOM CPG ISLAND METHYLATION SIMILAR TO OTHER TUMORS AND PROVIDES A PANEL OF NOVEL METHYLATION TARGETS THAT CAN BE USED IN LARGER STUDIES DESIGNED TO ASSESS IMPACT ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND SURVIVAL.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
11 3071  47 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILING INTEGRATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PAX9 AS A NOVEL PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. BACKGROUND: IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), EPIGENOMIC AND GENOMIC STUDIES HAVE EXPANDED THE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DISEASE BIOLOGY AND LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS RELEVANT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE. IN THIS STUDY, AN ATTEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO EXAMINE AND INTEGRATE THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION CHANGES WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND THEIR IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. RESULTS: THE INTEGRATION OF DNA METHYLATION PROFILE (N = 14) WITH THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE (N = 21) REVEALED 142 GENES AS HYPERMETHYLATED-DOWNREGULATED AND; 62 GENES AS HYPOMETHYLATED-UPREGULATED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS COMPARED TO CD19+ B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE MRNA EXPRESSION LEVELS OF 17 GENES IDENTIFIED TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED AND/OR DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED WAS FURTHER EXAMINED IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS (N = 93) BY QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR (RQ-PCR). SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF MEIS1, PMEPA1, SOX7, SPRY1, CDK6, TBX2, AND SPRY2 GENES IN CLL CELLS AS COMPARED TO B-CELLS FROM HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. THE ANALYSIS IN THE IGHV MUTATION BASED CATEGORIES (UNMUTATED = 39, MUTATED = 54) REVEALED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES IN THE IGHV UNMUTATED SUBGROUP (P < 0.001). THE RELATIVE RISK OF TREATMENT INITIATION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (RR = 1.91, P = 0.005) OR PAX9 (RR = 1.87, P = 0.001). HIGH EXPRESSION OF CRY1 (HR: 3.53, P < 0.001) OR PAX9 (HR: 3.14, P < 0.001) GENE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTER TIME TO FIRST TREATMENT. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF PAX9 GENE (HR: 3.29, 95% CI 1.172-9.272, P = 0.016) WAS ALSO PREDICTIVE OF SHORTER OVERALL SURVIVAL IN CLL. CONCLUSIONS: THE DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MRNA EXPRESSION OF CRY1 AND PAX9 GENES ALLOW RISK STRATIFICATION OF EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS. THIS COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE CONCEPT THAT THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES ALONG WITH THE ALTERED EXPRESSION OF GENES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOME IN EARLY STAGE CLL PATIENTS.	2017	

12 4907  30 P53 ABERRATIONS DO NOT PREDICT INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE TO FLUDARABINE IN PATIENTS WITH B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA IN ADVANCED STAGES RAI III/IV. ABNORMALITIES OF P53 HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SHORT SURVIVAL AND NON-RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL). WE HAVE EVALUATED THE RATE OF RESPONSE TO FLUDARABINE AS FIRST-LINE THERAPY IN 54 PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STAGE CLL, ANALYSING THE CYTOGENETIC PROFILE, ABERRATIONS IN P53, INCLUDING THE METHYLATION STATUS OF ITS PROMOTER, AND THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN VARIABLE-REGION (IGVH) MUTATION STATUS. ACCORDING TO THE ADVANCED STAGE OF THE DISEASE IN THIS SERIES, 75% OF PATIENTS PRESENTED GENETIC ABERRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR PROGNOSIS: DEL(17P) AND/OR DEL(11Q), AND NO-MUTATED IGVH GENES. TEN PATIENTS (18.5%) HAD METHYLATION IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF P53. EIGHTY-THREE PER CENT OF PATIENTS TREATED ACHIEVED A RESPONSE, WITH A HIGH RATE OF COMPLETE REMISSION (47.6%). ALTHOUGH WE FOUND A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN FAILURES AND THE PRESENCE OF P53 ABERRATIONS (P = 0.0065), EITHER WITH METHYLATION (P = 0.018) OR DELETION (P = 0.015), 64% OF THE PATIENTS WITH ABERRATIONS IN THIS GENE RESPONDED TO TREATMENT (11/17), SUGGESTING THAT FLUDARABINE INDUCES HIGH REMISSION RATES, EVEN IN THESE PATIENTS. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THAT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF P53 PROMOTER METHYLATION STATUS IS DESCRIBED IN THIS PATHOLOGY, AND OUR DATA SUPPORT THAT THIS EPIGENETIC PHENOMENON COULD BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL EVOLUTION OF CLL.	2005	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13  839  33 CHEMO-ENZYMATIC FLUORESCENCE LABELING OF GENOMIC DNA FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF GLOBAL 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE. 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE ARE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS INVOLVED IN GENE REGULATION AND CANCER. WE PRESENT A NEW, SIMPLE, AND HIGH-THROUGHPUT PLATFORM FOR MULTI-COLOR EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS. THE NOVELTY OF OUR APPROACH IS THE ABILITY TO MULTIPLEX METHYLATION AND DE-METHYLATION SIGNALS IN THE SAME ASSAY. WE UTILIZE AN ENGINEERED METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME THAT RECOGNIZES AND LABELS ALL UNMODIFIED CPG SITES WITH A FLUORESCENT COFACTOR. IN COMBINATION WITH THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED LABELING OF THE DE-METHYLATION MARK 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE VIA ENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION, WE OBTAINED A ROBUST PLATFORM FOR SIMULTANEOUS EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THESE MARKS. WE ASSESSED THE GLOBAL EPIGENETIC LEVELS IN MULTIPLE SAMPLES OF COLORECTAL CANCER AND OBSERVED A 3.5-FOLD REDUCTION IN 5HMC LEVELS BUT NO CHANGE IN DNA METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN SICK AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. WE ALSO MEASURED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND OBSERVED A DECREASE IN BOTH MODIFICATION LEVELS (5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE: WHOLE BLOOD 30 %; PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) 40 %. 5-METHYLCYTOSINE: WHOLE BLOOD 53 %; PBMCS 48 %). OUR FINDINGS PROPOSE USING A SIMPLE BLOOD TEST AS A VIABLE METHOD FOR ANALYSIS, SIMPLIFYING SAMPLE HANDLING IN DIAGNOSTICS. IMPORTANTLY, OUR RESULTS HIGHLIGHT THE ASSAY'S POTENTIAL FOR EPIGENETIC EVALUATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLES, BENEFITING RESEARCH AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
14 1581  31 DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS TREATED WITH CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY. BACKGROUND: IN ORDER TO GAIN INSIGHT INTO THE CONTRIBUTION OF DNA METHYLATION TO DISEASE PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), USING 450K ILLUMINA ARRAYS, WE DETERMINED THE DNA METHYLATION PROFILES IN PAIRED PRE-TREATMENT/RELAPSE SAMPLES FROM 34 CLL PATIENTS TREATED WITH CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY, MOSTLY (N = 31) WITH THE FLUDARABINE-CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-RITUXIMAB (FCR) REGIMEN. RESULTS: THE EXTENT OF IDENTIFIED CHANGES IN CLL CELLS VERSUS MEMORY B CELLS FROM HEALTHY DONORS WAS TERMED "EPIGENETIC BURDEN" (EB) WHEREAS THE NUMBER OF CHANGES BETWEEN THE PRE-TREATMENT VERSUS THE RELAPSE SAMPLE WAS TERMED "RELAPSE CHANGES" (RC). SIGNIFICANT (P < 0.05) ASSOCIATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN (I) HIGH EB AND SHORT TIME-TO-FIRST-TREATMENT (TTFT); AND, (II) FEW RCS AND SHORT TIME-TO-RELAPSE. BOTH THE EB AND THE RC CLUSTERED IN SPECIFIC GENOMIC REGIONS AND CHROMATIN STATES, INCLUDING REGULATORY REGIONS CONTAINING BINDING SITES OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IMPLICATED IN B CELL AND CLL BIOLOGY. CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, WE SHOW THAT DNA METHYLATION IN CLL FOLLOWS DIFFERENT DYNAMICS IN RESPONSE TO CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY. THESE EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS WERE LINKED WITH SPECIFIC CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 1471  36 DISTINCT GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN B-CELL LYMPHOMAS: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE AND 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE. LYMPHOMAS ARE MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS COMPOSED OF LYMPHOID CELLS AT VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND LINEAGES. RECENT ADVANCES IN COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC ANALYSES IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA HAVE REVEALED PREVALENT MUTATIONS IN REGULATORS OF EPIGENETIC PHENOMENA INCLUDING GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS. THE EXAMPLES INCLUDE MUTATIONS IN ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE 1 (IDH1), IDH2, AND TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 2. THESE MUTATIONS ARE PROPOSED TO INHIBIT CONVERSION OF 5-METHYLCYTOSINE (5 MC) TO 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5 HMC), LEADING TO GLOBAL ACCUMULATION OF 5 MC. THESE CHANGES IN GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS CAN BE VISUALIZED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLY USING SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AGAINST 5 MC AND 5 HMC. WE EXAMINED THE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF B-CELL LYMPHOMAS AND THAT OF THEIR NORMAL COUNTERPARTS BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR 5 MC AND 5 HMC. NON-TUMOR LYMPHOID CELLS INSIDE GERMINAL CENTERS (GC) IN REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA (RLH) WERE STAINED POSITIVE FOR 5 MC, BUT THEY WERE NEGATIVE FOR 5 HMC. SIMILARLY, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMAS, WHOSE POSTULATED NORMAL COUNTERPARTS ARE CENTROCYTES IN GCS, WERE 5 MC-POSITIVE BUT 5 HMC-NEGATIVE BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. THIS IMMUNOSTAINING PATTERN WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN BURKITT LYMPHOMA. IN CONTRAST, NON-TUMOR LYMPHOID CELLS IN MANTLE ZONES WERE STAINED POSITIVE FOR 5 MC AS WELL AS FOR 5 HMC. LIKEWISE, MOST MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMAS, WHOSE POSTULATED NORMAL COUNTERPARTS ARE MANTLE ZONE B CELLS IN RLH, WERE STAINED POSITIVE FOR 5 MC AS WELL AS FOR 5 HMC. THIS IMMUNOSTAINING PATTERN WAS ALSO OBSERVED IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, IN TERMS OF 5 MC/5 HMC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, B-CELL LYMPHOMAS WITH DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DISTINCT GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION STATUSES THAT RESEMBLE THOSE OF THEIR POSTULATED NORMAL COUNTERPARTS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16 5270  32 PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ROLE OF MIR-129-2 GENE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. OBJECTIVES: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF APPARENTLY MATURE B-TYPE LYMPHOCYTES IN THE LYMPHOHEMATOPOIETIC ORGANS. METHYLATION IN PROMOTERS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IS ONE OF THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSES BLOOD MALIGNANCY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION STATUS OF MIR-129-2 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH CLL. METHODS: WE STUDIED THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE IN 50 PATIENTS WITH CLL AND 50 HEALTHY CONTROLS USING METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION METHODS. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED USING SPSS-18 SOFTWARE, AND A P-VALUE < 0.050 WAS CONSIDERED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT. RESULTS: THE FREQUENCY OF PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN THE CLL GROUP COMPARED WITH CONTROL GROUP (38.0% VS. 0.0%, P < 0.001; CHI(2) = 23.457). THE PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION FREQUENCY OF MIR-129-2 GENE WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN THE TWO SEXES (P = 0.236). A SIGNIFICANT BUT WEAK CORRELATION WAS SEEN BETWEEN THE METHYLATED STATE OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE AND ORGANOMEGALY (P = 0.019, R = 0.330) AS WELL AS HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS (P = 0.020, R = -0.233). HOWEVER, BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS INDICATED ORGANOMEGALY AS THE ONLY CLINICAL BIOMARKER WITH A STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH THE HYPERMETHYLATED MIR-129-2 GENE STATE (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF THE MIR-129-2 GENE IN THE CLL GROUP COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP, AS WELL AS ITS SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATION WITH ORGANOMEGALY, SUGGESTS THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS EPIGENETIC BIOMARKER IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS OF CLL DISEASE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17  139  30 ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION, RESISTANCE TO IMATINIB AND SHORTENED SURVIVAL IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA. THE EPIGENETIC IMPACT OF DNA METHYLATION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML) IS NOT COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. TO ELUCIDATE ITS ROLE WE ANALYZED 120 PATIENTS WITH CML FOR METHYLATION OF PROMOTER-ASSOCIATED CPG ISLANDS OF 10 GENES. FIVE GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY DNA METHYLATION SCREENING IN THE K562 CELL LINE AND 3 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS. THE CDKN2B GENE WAS SELECTED FOR ITS FREQUENT METHYLATION IN MYELOID MALIGNANCIES AND ABL1 AS THE TARGET OF BCR-ABL TRANSLOCATION. THIRTY PATIENTS WERE IMATINIB-NAIVE (MOSTLY TREATED BY INTERFERON-ALPHA BEFORE THE IMATINIB ERA), 30 WERE IMATINIB-RESPONSIVE, 50 WERE IMATINIB-RESISTANT, AND 10 WERE IMATINIB-INTOLERANT. WE QUANTIFIED DNA METHYLATION BY BISULFITE PYROSEQUENCING. THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF METHYLATED GENES WAS 4.5 PER PATIENT IN THE CHRONIC PHASE, INCREASING SIGNIFICANTLY TO 6.2 IN THE ACCELERATED AND 6.4 IN THE BLASTIC PHASE. HIGHER NUMBERS OF METHYLATED GENES WERE ALSO OBSERVED IN PATIENTS RESISTANT OR INTOLERANT TO IMATINIB. THESE PATIENTS ALSO SHOWED ALMOST EXCLUSIVE METHYLATION OF A PUTATIVE TRANSPORTER OSCP1. ABNORMAL METHYLATION OF A SRC SUPPRESSOR GENE PDLIM4 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTENED SURVIVAL INDEPENDENTLY OF CML STAGE AND IMATINIB RESPONSIVENESS. WE CONCLUDE THAT ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CML PROGRESSION AND THAT DNA METHYLATION COULD BE A MARKER ASSOCIATED WITH IMATINIB RESISTANCE. FINALLY, DNA METHYLATION OF PDLIM4 MAY HELP IDENTIFY A SUBSET OF CML PATIENTS THAT WOULD BENEFIT FROM TREATMENT WITH SRC/ABL INHIBITORS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
18 3588  34 IMPACT OF TP53 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION ON CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATHOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) IS A MALIGNANT LYMPHOID DISORDER THAT RESULTS FROM THE OVERGROWTH OF MATURE-LOOKING LYMPHOID CELLS IN THE BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC TISSUE. VARIOUS CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO THE DISEASE AS A RESULT OF THE DIFFERENT UNDERLYING GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. THE CURRENT STUDY HAS BEEN INITIATED TO STUDY THE ROLE OF AN EPIGENETIC ALTERATION AFFECTING THE PROMOTER OF THE TP53GENE ON CLL PATHOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION. METHODS: THE CURRENT STUDY INVOLVED 54 NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH CLL AS WELL AS 30 NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AS CONTROLS. AFTER OBTAINING VERBAL CONSENT, DATA COLLECTION WAS DONE AND THE BLOOD COLLECTED FROM ALL ENROLLED INDIVIDUALS FOR HEMATOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AS WELL AS FOR MOLECULAR CATEGORIZATION OF TP53 METHYLATION STATUS. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MS-PCR) TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO DEFINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE TP53 GENE PROMOTER THAT ENCOMPASSES DNA EXTRACTION, BISULFITE CONVERSION, CONVENTIONAL PCR AMPLIFICATION, RUNNING ON AGAROSE GEL AND DOCUMENTATION. FINALLY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS DONE TO ASSESS ANY CORRELATION OF THE TP53 EPIGENETIC ALTERATION TO THE DISEASE ETIOLOGY AND THE PROGRESSION. RESULTS: IN THE CURRENT STUDY, ALL CONTROLS AND 42 OF 54 PATIENTS SHOW UNMETHYLATED TP53 GENE PROMOTER; ON THE OTHER HAND, THE METHYLATED PROMOTER WAS DETECTED AMONG 12 PATIENTS WITH A P-VALUE OF 0.001. TP53 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION SIGNIFICANTLY LINKED TO REDUCED PLATELET COUNT (P-VALUE OF 0.047) AND ADVANCED STAGE AT PRESENTATION (P-VALUE OF 0.076). NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE SEEN AMONG BOTH METHYLATED AND UNMETHYLATED TP53 PROMOTERS IN RELATION TO THE AGE OF THE AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS, TOTAL WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNTS AND HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL OF THE AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS. CONCLUSION: THE CURRENT STUDY REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION OF TP53 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION TO CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATHOGENESIS AND LOWER PLATELET COUNTS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                      
19 2753  31 EXPRESSION OF BCL2L12 IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. DYSREGULATION OF APOPTOSIS IS A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), ALTHOUGH A UNIQUE MECHANISM UNDERLYING APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE OF CLL B LYMPHOCYTES HAS NOT BEEN IDENTIFIED YET. ABERRANT EXPRESSION AS WELL AS GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF NUMEROUS GENES INVOLVED IN DIFFERENT PATHWAYS OF APOPTOSIS REGULATION HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN CLL. HERE, WE REPORT THE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF BCL2L12 (BCL2-LIKE 12), A NOVEL APOPTOTIC GENE BELONGING TO BCL2 FAMILY, IN 58 SERBIAN CLL PATIENTS. QUANTITATIVE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QRT-PCR) ANALYSIS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT OVEREXPRESSION OF BCL2L12 MRNA IN CLL SAMPLES COMPARED TO NON-LEUKEMIC SAMPLES, IMPLYING ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE. RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT BCL2L12 EXPRESSION EFFICIENTLY DISCRIMINATES CLL CASES FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. HOWEVER, RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS BCL2L12 MRNA EXPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS DID NOT REFLECT THEIR CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS (WITH THE EXCEPTION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE STATUS AND TIME FROM DIAGNOSIS TO TREATMENT) AND FAILED TO SHOW ASSOCIATION WITH THE MOST INFORMATIVE PROGNOSTIC MARKERS, NAMELY THE MUTATIONAL STATUS OF REARRANGED IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN VARIABLE REGION GENES, CD38 AND LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE GENE (LPL) EXPRESSION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
20 3138  48 GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PROFILING REVEALS NEW INSIGHTS INTO EPIGENETICALLY DEREGULATED PROTEIN CODING AND LONG NONCODING RNAS IN CLL. BACKGROUND: METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN ENRICHED GENOME-WIDE SEQUENCING (MBD-SEQ) IS A ROBUST AND POWERFUL METHOD FOR ANALYZING METHYLATED CPG-RICH REGIONS WITH COMPLETE GENOME-WIDE COVERAGE. IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL), THE ROLE OF CPG METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSCRIBED LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNA) AND REPETITIVE GENOMIC ELEMENTS ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. BASED ON MBD-SEQ, WE CHARACTERIZED THE GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILE OF HIGH CPG-RICH REGIONS IN DIFFERENT CLL PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS BASED ON IGHV MUTATIONAL STATUS. RESULTS: OUR STUDY IDENTIFIED 5800 HYPERMETHYLATED AND 12,570 HYPOMETHYLATED CLL-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (CLLDMGS) COMPARED TO NORMAL CONTROLS. FROM CLLDMGS, 40 % OF HYPERMETHYLATED AND 60 % OF HYPOMETHYLATED GENES WERE MAPPED TO NONCODING RNAS. IN ADDITION, WE FOUND THAT THE MAJOR REPETITIVE ELEMENTS SUCH AS SHORT INTERSPERSED ELEMENTS (SINE) AND LONG INTERSPERSED ELEMENTS (LINE) HAVE A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF CLLDMRS (DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS) IN IGHV SUBGROUPS COMPARED TO NORMAL CONTROLS. FINALLY, TWO NOVEL LNCRNAS (HYPERMETHYLATED CRNDE AND HYPOMETHYLATED AC012065.7) WERE VALIDATED IN AN INDEPENDENT CLL SAMPLE COHORT (48 SAMPLES) COMPARED WITH 6 NORMAL SORTED B CELL SAMPLES USING QUANTITATIVE PYROSEQUENCING ANALYSIS. THE METHYLATION LEVELS SHOWED AN INVERSE CORRELATION TO GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS ANALYZED BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR. NOTABLY, SURVIVAL ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT HYPERMETHYLATION OF CRNDE AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF AC012065.7 CORRELATED WITH AN INFERIOR OUTCOME. CONCLUSIONS: THUS, OUR COMPREHENSIVE METHYLATION ANALYSIS BY MBD-SEQ PROVIDED NOVEL HYPER AND HYPOMETHYLATED LONG NONCODING RNAS, REPETITIVE ELEMENTS, ALONG WITH PROTEIN CODING GENES AS POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC-BASED CLL-SIGNATURE GENES INVOLVED IN DISEASE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS.	2016