1  223 143 ACUTE PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS-MEDIATED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION OF PERFORIN IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. PERFORIN (PRF1) IS ESSENTIAL FOR IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE AND STUDIES REPORT DECREASED PERFORIN IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS), AN ILLNESS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS AND/OR INFECTION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT STRESS CAN INFLUENCE REGULATION OF PRF1 EXPRESSION, AND THAT THIS REGULATION WILL DIFFER BETWEEN CFS AND NON-FATIGUED (NF) CONTROLS. WE USED THE TRIER SOCIAL STRESS TEST (TSST) AS A STANDARDIZED ACUTE PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, AND EVALUATED ITS EFFECT ON PRF1 EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION IN CFS (N = 34) COMPARED WITH NF (N = 47) PARTICIPANTS. DURING THE TSST, NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY IN BOTH CFS (P = <0.0001) AND NF SUBJECTS (P = <0.0001). UNLIKE PREVIOUS REPORTS, THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN PRF1 EXPRESSION AT BASELINE OR DURING TSST BETWEEN CFS AND NF. HOWEVER, WHOLE BLOOD PRF1 EXPRESSION INCREASED 1.6 FOLD DURING THE TSST IN BOTH CFS (P = 0.0003) AND NF (P = <0.0001). FURTHER, THE PEAK RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE TSST WAS LOWER IN CFS COMPARED WITH NF (P = 0.04). IN ADDITION, AT 1.5 HOURS POST TSST, PRF1 EXPRESSION WAS ELEVATED IN CFS COMPARED WITH NF (WHOLE BLOOD, P = 0.06; PBMC, P = 0.02). METHYLATION OF SEVEN CPG SITES IN THE METHYLATION SENSITIVE REGION OF THE PRF1 PROMOTER RANGED FROM 38%-79% WITH NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CFS AND NF. ALTHOUGH, THE AVERAGE BASELINE METHYLATION OF ALL SEVEN CPG SITES DID NOT DIFFER BETWEEN CFS AND NF GROUPS, IT SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH PRF1 EXPRESSION AT ALL TSST TIME POINTS IN BOTH CFS (R = -0.56, P = <0.0001) AND NF (R = -0.38, P = <0.0001). AMONG PARTICIPANTS WITH HIGH AVERAGE METHYLATION (>/=65%), PRF1 EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER IN CFS THAN NF SUBJECTS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING TSST. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST METHYLATION COULD BE AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC DETERMINANT OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PRF1 EXPRESSION AND THAT THE DIFFERENCES IN PRF1 EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION BETWEEN CFS AND NF IN THE ACUTE STRESS RESPONSE REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                  
2 5346  48 RAPID CHANGES IN HISTONE DEACETYLASES AND INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION IN EXPERT MEDITATORS. BACKGROUND: A GROWING BODY OF RESEARCH SHOWS THAT MINDFULNESS MEDITATION CAN ALTER NEURAL, BEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES. HOWEVER, THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUCH CLINICALLY RELEVANT EFFECTS REMAIN ELUSIVE. METHODS: HERE WE EXPLORED THE IMPACT OF A DAY OF INTENSIVE PRACTICE OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION IN EXPERIENCED SUBJECTS (N=19) ON THE EXPRESSION OF CIRCADIAN, CHROMATIN MODULATORY AND INFLAMMATORY GENES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC). IN PARALLEL, WE ANALYZED A CONTROL GROUP OF SUBJECTS WITH NO MEDITATION EXPERIENCE WHO ENGAGED IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES IN THE SAME ENVIRONMENT (N=21). PBMC FROM ALL PARTICIPANTS WERE OBTAINED BEFORE (T1) AND AFTER (T2) THE INTERVENTION (T2-T1=8H) AND GENE EXPRESSION WAS ANALYZED USING CUSTOM PATHWAY FOCUSED QUANTITATIVE-REAL TIME PCR ASSAYS. BOTH GROUPS WERE ALSO PRESENTED WITH THE TRIER SOCIAL STRESS TEST (TSST). RESULTS: CORE CLOCK GENE EXPRESSION AT BASELINE (T1) WAS SIMILAR BETWEEN GROUPS AND THEIR RHYTHMICITY WAS NOT INFLUENCED IN MEDITATORS BY THE INTENSIVE DAY OF PRACTICE. SIMILARLY, WE FOUND THAT ALL THE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY ENZYMES AND INFLAMMATORY GENES ANALYZED EXHIBITED SIMILAR BASAL EXPRESSION LEVELS IN THE TWO GROUPS. IN CONTRAST, AFTER THE BRIEF INTERVENTION WE DETECTED REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE GENES (HDAC 2, 3 AND 9), ALTERATIONS IN GLOBAL MODIFICATION OF HISTONES (H4AC; H3K4ME3) AND DECREASED EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENES (RIPK2 AND COX2) IN MEDITATORS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS. WE FOUND THAT THE EXPRESSION OF RIPK2 AND HDAC2 GENES WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A FASTER CORTISOL RECOVERY TO THE TSST IN BOTH GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: THE REGULATION OF HDACS AND INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS MAY REPRESENT SOME OF THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF MINDFULNESS-BASED INTERVENTIONS. OUR FINDINGS SET THE FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE STUDIES TO FURTHER ASSESS MEDITATION STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
3 1497  38 DNA METHYLATION AGE IS ACCELERATED IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (ALC) IS A CHRONIC, RELAPSING DISORDER THAT INCREASES THE BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO NUMEROUS PREMATURE DEATHS EACH YEAR. PREVIOUS RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT CHRONIC, HEAVY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS. IN ADDITION, DNA METHYLATION LEVELS AT CERTAIN CPG SITES HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH AGE. WE USED AN EPIGENETIC CLOCK TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN EPIGENETIC AGING. WE EXPLORED THIS QUESTION IN FIVE INDEPENDENT COHORTS, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION DATA DERIVED FROM DATASETS FROM BLOOD (N = 129, N = 329), LIVER (N = 92, N = 49), AND POSTMORTEM PREFRONTAL CORTEX (N = 46). ONE BLOOD DATASET AND ONE LIVER TISSUE DATASET OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALC EXHIBITED POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P < 0.0001 AND P = 0.0069, RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS THE OTHER BLOOD AND LIVER TISSUE DATASETS BOTH EXHIBITED TRENDS OF POSITIVE AGE ACCELERATION THAT WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT (P = 0.83 AND P = 0.57, RESPECTIVELY). PREFRONTAL CORTEX TISSUE EXHIBITED A TREND OF NEGATIVE AGE ACCELERATION (P = 0.19). THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH EPIGENETIC AGING IN A TISSUE-SPECIFIC MANNER AND WARRANTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION USING MULTIPLE TISSUE SAMPLES FROM THE SAME INDIVIDUALS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4 2633  43 EPIGENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE IN PRIMARY SJOGREN'S SYNDROME. OBJECTIVE: CHRONIC FATIGUE IS A COMMON, DISABLING AND POORLY UNDERSTOOD PHENOMENON. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE EXPRESSION OF FATIGUE, A PROMINENT FEATURE OF PRIMARY SS (PSS). THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF WHOLE BLOOD ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH PSS. METHODS: FORTY-EIGHT PSS PATIENTS WITH HIGH (N = 24) OR LOW (N = 24) FATIGUE AS MEASURED BY A VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE WERE INCLUDED. GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION WAS INVESTIGATED USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY. AFTER QUALITY CONTROL, A TOTAL OF 383 358 CYTOSINE-PHOSPHATE-GUANINE (CPG) SITES REMAINED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS. AGE, SEX AND DIFFERENTIAL CELL COUNT ESTIMATES WERE INCLUDED AS COVARIATES IN THE ASSOCIATION MODEL. A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE-CORRECTED P < 0.05 WAS CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT, AND A CUT-OFF OF 3% AVERAGE DIFFERENCE IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN HIGH- AND LOW-FATIGUE PATIENTS WAS APPLIED. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 251 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH FATIGUE. THE CPG SITE WITH THE MOST PRONOUNCED HYPOMETHYLATION IN PSS HIGH FATIGUE ANNOTATED TO THE SBF2-ANTISENSE RNA1 GENE. THE MOST DISTINCT HYPERMETHYLATION WAS OBSERVED AT A CPG SITE ANNOTATED TO THE LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA GENE. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES WITH DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED CPG SITES IN SUBJECTS WITH HIGH VS LOW FATIGUE REVEALED ENRICHMENT IN SEVERAL PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY. CONCLUSION: SOME GENES INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND IN INFLAMMATION ARE DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED IN PSS PATIENTS WITH HIGH VS LOW FATIGUE. THESE FINDINGS POINT TO FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS THAT MAY UNDERLIE FATIGUE. EPIGENETIC CHANGES COULD CONSTITUTE A FATIGUE-REGULATING MECHANISM IN PSS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
5 6418  43 THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MICRORNAS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN IN HUMANS. BACKGROUND: MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) CAN MODULATE SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, INCLUDING THE PAIN SYSTEM. THIS STUDY AIMED TO EVALUATE THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AS A MARKER FOR EPIGENETIC CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER AN ACUTE, EXPERIMENTAL, PAIN PROVOCATION BY INTRAMUSCULAR HYPERTONIC SALINE INJECTION. METHODS: TWENTY VOLUNTEERS WERE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO TWO GROUPS AND RECEIVED EITHER HYPERTONIC (PAIN) OR ISOTONIC (CONTROL) SALINE INJECTION IN THE FIRST DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLE OF THEIR DOMINANT HAND. PAIN INTENSITY WAS CONTINUOUSLY RECORDED FOR 20 MINUTES AFTER INJECTION ON A VAS SCALE FROM 0 TO 100 (0 INDICATES NO PAIN AND 100 THE WORST IMAGINABLE PAIN). BLOOD SAMPLES WERE TAKEN AT BASELINE, 30 MINUTES, 3 HOURS, AND 24 HOURS POST-INJECTION, AND PLASMA WAS SEPARATED. MIRNA EXTRACTS WERE USED FOR RNA SEQUENCING WITH THE ILLUMINA NEXTSEQ PLATFORM. MIRNA TRANSCRIPTS WERE COMPARED BETWEEN THE PAIN AND THE NO-PAIN, CONTROL GROUP AT EVERY TIME POINT. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE CONSIDERED WHEN FOLDS WERE >2 AND THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE WAS P < 0.05. RESULTS: AFTER 30 MINUTES, 4 MIRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP COMPARED TO CONTROLS, WHICH INCREASED TO 24 AFTER 3 HOURS AND TO 42 AFTER 24 HOURS FROM BASELINE (P < 0.0001). TWO MIRNAS WERE CONSISTENTLY UPREGULATED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT. ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT MIRNAS INVOLVED IN BRAIN PERCEPTION OF PAIN, BRAIN SIGNALLING AND RESPONSE TO STIMULI. CONCLUSIONS: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY IS THE FIRST TO REPORT ON THE TEMPORAL EXPRESSION OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS AFTER AN ACUTE, HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL MUSCLE PAIN MODEL. SIGNIFICANCE: THIS EXPLORATORY STUDY EVALUATED THE TEMPORAL PROFILE OF CIRCULATING MIRNAS IN THE PLASMA OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS AFTER ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN. SEVERAL MIRNAS WERE ALTERED IN SUBJECTS AT THE TIMES OF FOLLOW-UP AFTER THE ACUTE PAIN MODEL WHEN COMPARED TO CONTROLS. MIRNAS PREVIOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN PROCESSES WERE ALTERED IN THE PAIN GROUP. OUR RESULTS, BY SHOWING THE FAST AND PROLONGED MODIFICATIONS OF MIRNA ELICITED BY THE ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PAIN MODEL, ADD NEW PERSPECTIVES TO THE TOPIC OF EPIGENETICS AND PAIN.	2023	

6 5957  36 TELOMERE LENGTH AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS. EVIDENCE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENETICS AND MENTAL HEALTH ARE FLOURISHING. HOWEVER, FEW STUDIES ARE EVALUATING EARLY BIOMARKERS THAT MIGHT LINK GENES, ENVIRONMENT, AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. WE AIMED TO STUDY TELOMERE LENGTH (TL) AND EPIGENETIC AGE ACCELERATION (AA) IN A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ANXIETY DISORDERS (N = 234). WE EVALUATED A REPRESENTATIVE SUBSAMPLE OF PARTICIPANTS AT BASELINE AND AFTER 5 YEARS (N = 76) AND CATEGORIZED THEM ACCORDING TO THEIR ANXIETY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS AT BOTH TIME POINTS: (1) CONTROL GROUP (NO ANXIETY DISORDER, N = 18), (2) VARIABLE GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER IN ONE EVALUATION, N = 38), AND (3) PERSISTENT GROUP (ANXIETY DISORDER AT BOTH TIME POINTS, N = 20). WE ASSESSED RELATIVE MEAN TL BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE PCR AND DNA METHYLATION BY INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP. WE CALCULATED AA USING THE HORVATH AGE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM AND ANALYZED DIFFERENCES AMONG GROUPS USING GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS. THE PERSISTENT GROUP OF ANXIETY DISORDER DID NOT CHANGE TL OVER TIME (P = 0.495). THE VARIABLE GROUP HAD HIGHER BASELINE TL (P = 0.003) BUT NO ACCELERATED TL EROSION IN COMPARISON TO THE NON-ANXIETY CONTROL GROUP (P = 0.053). FURTHERMORE, THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES IN AA AMONG GROUPS OVER TIME. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC ANXIETY DID NOT CHANGE TELOMERE LENGTH OVER TIME, WHICH COULD BE RELATED TO A DELAY IN NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THIS PERIOD OF LIFE.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7 3387  26 HOMOCYSTEINE ASSOCIATED GENOMIC DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM. HIGHER PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS CAN INFLUENCE GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS. IN THE PRESENT CONTROLLED STUDY WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE (10%) OF GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLISM (T = -3.16, DF = 158, P = 0.002) WHICH WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS (MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION, P < 0.001). SINCE METHYLATION OF DNA IS AN IMPORTANT EPIGENETIC FACTOR IN REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION THESE FINDINGS MAY HAVE IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR A POSSIBLE SUBSEQUENT DERANGEMENT OF EPIGENETIC CONTROL THESE PATIENTS.	2004	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
8 6589  36 TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION IN JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: OVER-EXPRESSION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF-ALPHA) PLAYS A PATHOLOGICAL ROLE IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (CP) AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA), WHICH MIGHT BE REGULATED BY THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE WHETHER THERE IS A UNIQUE METHYLATION PROFILE OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CP AND RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS CONSISTED OF 30 JAPANESE ADULTS WITH RA (RA GROUP), 30 RACE-MATCHED ADULTS WITH CP ONLY (CP GROUP) AND 30 RACE-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS (H GROUP). GENOMIC DNA ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD WAS MODIFIED BY SODIUM BISULFITE AND ANALYZED, BY DIRECT SEQUENCING, TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION OF THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER REGION. THE LEVEL OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED IN MONONUCLEAR CELLS STIMULATED WITH PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE WAS DETERMINED USING ELISA. RESULTS: TWELVE CYTOSINE-GUANINE DINUCLEOTIDE (CPG) MOTIFS WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE TNF-ALPHA PROMOTER FRAGMENT FROM -343 TO +57 BP. THE CP GROUP SHOWED A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATE AND FREQUENCY AT -72 BP THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01). THE RA GROUP EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION RATES AT SEVEN CPG MOTIFS (-302, -163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), AND SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER METHYLATION FREQUENCIES AT SIX CPG MOTIFS (-163, -119, -72, -49, -38 AND +10 BP), THAN THE H GROUP (P < 0.01 FOR ALL COMPARISONS). THE LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA PRODUCED WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT METHYLATION AT -163 BP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HYPERMETHYLATED STATUS OF CPG MOTIFS IN THE TNF-ALPHA GENE PROMOTER IN BLOOD CELLS MAY BE UNIQUE TO JAPANESE ADULTS WITH CP AND RA.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
9 6311  38 THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING CYTOKINES FLUCTUATE WITH AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE, AND ARE PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PATTERNS OF DNA (CPG) METHYLATION. GIVEN THAT IMMUNE CELLS ARE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKINES IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT SERUM LEVELS OF TNF, IL-6, IL-8 AND IL-10 WOULD CORRELATE WITH GENOME-WIDE ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. TO TEST THIS, WE EVALUATED COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS (N = 14; 48-78 YEARS OLD) RECRUITED TO A PILOT STUDY FOR THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA), EXAMINING DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT, APART FROM AGE, SERUM IL-10 LEVELS EXHIBITED THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL ASSOCIATION TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, FOLLOWED BY TNF, IL-6 AND IL-8. FURTHERMORE, WHILE THE LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES WERE HIGHER IN ELDERLY ADULTS, NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH EPIGENETIC ACCELERATED AGING, DERIVED USING THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK, WERE OBSERVED. CONCLUSIONS: AS A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THIS WORK MUST BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION; HOWEVER, OUR OBSERVATIONS ARE ENCOURAGING AND CERTAINLY WARRANT MORE SUITABLY POWERED STUDIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 2400  41 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF IMMUNE CELLS IN WOMEN WITH PCOS IMPACT GENES CONTROLLING REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION. CONTEXT: POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS) IS A CHRONIC DISEASE AFFECTING REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND WHOLE-BODY METABOLISM. ALTHOUGH THE ETIOLOGY IS UNCLEAR, EMERGING EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT THE EPIGENETICS MAY BE A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR. OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE ROLE OF GLOBAL AND GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN SPECIFIC IMMUNE CELLS IN PCOS COMPARED WITH CONTROLS AND WHETHER THESE COULD BE RELATED TO CLINICAL FEATURES OF PCOS. DESIGN: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. PARTICIPANTS: WOMEN WITH (N = 17) OR WITHOUT PCOS (N = 17). SETTING: RECRUITED FROM THE GENERAL COMMUNITY. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ISOLATED PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS WERE ANALYZED USING MULTICOLOR FLOW CYTOMETRY METHODS TO DETERMINE GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION LEVELS IN A CELL-SPECIFIC FASHION. TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED ON T HELPER CELLS USING RNA SEQUENCING AND REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULFITE SEQUENCING. RESULTS: WOMEN WITH PCOS HAD LOWER GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN MONOCYTES (P = 0.006) AND IN T HELPER (P = 0.004), T CYTOTOXIC (P = 0.004), AND B CELLS (P = 0.03). SPECIFIC GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF T HELPER CELLS FROM WOMEN WITH PCOS IDENTIFIED 5581 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES. FUNCTIONAL GENE ONTOLOGY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT GENES LOCATED AT THE PROXIMITY OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES BELONG TO PATHWAYS RELATED TO REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND IMMUNE CELL FUNCTION. HOWEVER, THESE GENES WERE NOT ALTERED AT THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC LEVEL. CONCLUSIONS: IT WAS SHOWN THAT PCOS IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION REMODELING IN A CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC MANNER. FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS WARRANTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF IMMUNE CELLS IS IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES OF PCOS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
11  286  34 AGING AND ALCOHOL INTERACT TO ALTER HEPATIC DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION. BACKGROUND: AGING AND CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ARE BOTH MODIFIERS OF DNA METHYLATION, BUT IT IS NOT YET KNOWN WHETHER CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ALSO ALTERS DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION, A NEWLY DISCOVERED EPIGENETIC MARK PRODUCED BY OXIDATION OF METHYLCYTOSINE. FURTHERMORE, IT HAS NOT BEEN TESTED WHETHER AGING AND ALCOHOL INTERACT TO MODIFY THIS EPIGENETIC PHENOMENON, THEREBY HAVING AN INDEPENDENT EFFECT ON GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: OLD (18 MONTHS) AND YOUNG (4 MONTHS) MALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE PAIR-FED EITHER A LIEBER-DECARLI LIQUID DIET WITH ALCOHOL (18% OF ENERGY) OR AN ISOCALORIC LIEBER-DECARLI CONTROL DIET FOR 5 WEEKS. GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION AND DNA METHYLATION WERE ANALYZED FROM HEPATIC DNA USING A NEW LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD. HEPATIC MRNA EXPRESSION OF THE TET ENZYMES WERE MEASURED VIA QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. RESULTS: IN YOUNG MICE, MILD CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH CONTROL MICE (0.22 +/- 0.01 VS. 0.29 +/- 0.06%, P = 0.004). ALCOHOL DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE LEVELS IN OLD MICE. OLD MICE FED THE CONTROL DIET SHOWED DECREASED GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION COMPARED WITH YOUNG MICE FED THE CONTROL DIET (0.24 +/- 0.02 VS. 0.29 +/- 0.06%, P = 0.04). THIS MODEL SUGGESTS AN INTERACTION BETWEEN AGING AND ALCOHOL IN DETERMINING DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION (PINTERACTION = 0.009). EXPRESSION OF TET2 AND TET3 WAS DECREASED IN THE OLD MICE RELATIVE TO THE YOUNG (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: THE OBSERVATION THAT ALCOHOL ALTERS DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION INDICATES A NEW EPIGENETIC EFFECT OF ALCOHOL. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY DEMONSTRATING THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND AGING ON DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
12  353  28 ALTERED LEVELS OF IMMUNE-REGULATORY MICRORNAS IN PLASMA SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS. INTRODUCTION: LUPUS NEPHRITIS (LN) IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN THE PATIENTS WITH LUPUS, A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS IS EMPHASIZED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LN. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE LEVELS OF IMMUNE-REGULATORY MICRORNAS (E.G., MIR-31, MIR-125A, MIR-142-3P, MIR-146A, AND MIR-155) IN PLASMA SAMPLES OF PATIENTS WITH LN. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, 26 PATIENTS WITH LN AND 26 HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WERE INCLUDED. THE PLASMA LEVELS OF THE MICRORNAS WERE EVALUATED BY A QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. MOREOVER, THE CORRELATION OF CIRCULATING PLASMA MICRORNAS WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS ALONG WITH THEIR ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH PATIENTS WITH LN WERE ASSESSED. RESULTS: PLASMA LEVELS OF MIR-125A (P = 0.048), MIR-146A (P = 0.005), AND MIR-155 (P< 0.001) WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CASES AND CONTROLS. THE PLASMA LEVEL OF MIR-146A SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATED WITH THE LEVEL OF ANTI-DOUBLE STRAND-DNA ANTIBODY AND PROTEINURIA. MOREOVER, THERE WAS A SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN MIR-142-3P LEVELS AND DISEASE CHRONICITY AND ACTIVITY INDEX (P <0.05). THE MULTIVARIATE ROC CURVE ANALYSIS INDICATED THE PLASMA CIRCULATING MIR-125A, MIR-142-3P, MIR-146, AND MIR-155 TOGETHER COULD DISCRIMINATE MOST OF THE PATIENTS WITH LN FROM CONTROLS WITH AREA AN UNDER CURVE (AUC) OF 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.98, P<0.001], 88% SENSITIVITY, AND 78% SPECIFICITY. CONCLUSION: BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE PRESENT STUDY, THE STUDIED MICRORNAS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LN AND HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE USED AS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MARKERS IN LN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
13 2079  27 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY. BACKGROUND THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSFORMATION FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE. METHODS PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED FROM THE POPULATION-BASED NORWEGIAN HUNT STUDY. THIRTY-SIX FEMALE HEADACHE PATIENTS WHO TRANSFORMED FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP 11 YEARS LATER WERE MATCHED AGAINST 35 CONTROLS WITH EPISODIC HEADACHE. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT 485,000 CPG SITES, AND CHANGES IN METHYLATION LEVEL AT THESE SITES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS BY LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DATA WERE ANALYZED IN TWO STAGES (STAGES 1 AND 2) AND IN A COMBINED META-ANALYSIS. RESULTS NONE OF THE TOP 20 CPG SITES IDENTIFIED IN STAGE 1 REPLICATED IN STAGE 2 AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. IN THE COMBINED META-ANALYSIS THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE RELATED TO SH2D5 AND NPTX2, TWO BRAIN-EXPRESSED GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS POINTED TO PROCESSES INCLUDING CALCIUM ION BINDING AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION IN THIS FIRST GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION SEVERAL POTENTIALLY IMPLICATED LOCI AND PROCESSES WERE IDENTIFIED. THE STUDY EXEMPLIFIES THE USE OF PROSPECTIVELY COLLECTED POPULATION COHORTS TO SEARCH FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14 2418  32 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE OF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN HUMAN T CELLS. OBJECTIVE: DETERMINE IF CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (LBP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT WILL REVEAL NOVEL MECHANISMS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS AND EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF EPIGENETIC DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR PAIN-RELATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. METHODS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS OF 850,000 CPG SITES IN WOMEN AND MEN WITH CHRONIC LBP AND PAIN-FREE CONTROLS WAS PERFORMED. T CELLS WERE ISOLATED (DISCOVERY COHORT, N = 32) AND USED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPG SITES, AND GENE ONTOLOGIES AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS WERE IDENTIFIED. A POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORE FOR LBP WAS GENERATED IN BOTH WOMEN AND MEN. VALIDATION WAS PERFORMED IN AN INDEPENDENT COHORT (VALIDATION COHORT, N = 63) OF CHRONIC LBP AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. RESULTS: ANALYSIS WITH THE DISCOVERY COHORT REVEALED A TOTAL OF 2,496 AND 419 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CPGS IN WOMEN AND MEN, RESPECTIVELY. IN WOMEN, MOST OF THESE SITES WERE HYPOMETHYLATED AND ENRICHED IN GENES WITH FUNCTIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (IE, CYTOKINES), OR IN EPIGENETIC PROCESSES. IN MEN, A UNIQUE CHRONIC LBP DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURE WAS IDENTIFIED CHARACTERIZED BY SIGNIFICANT ENRICHMENT FOR GENES FROM THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX. SEX-SPECIFIC POLYGENIC DNA METHYLATION SCORES WERE GENERATED TO ESTIMATE THE PAIN STATUS OF EACH INDIVIDUAL AND CONFIRMED IN THE VALIDATION COHORT USING PYROSEQUENCING. CONCLUSION: THIS STUDY REVEALS SEX-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES IN HUMAN T CELLS THAT DISCRIMINATES CHRONIC LBP PARTICIPANTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 1556  39 DNA METHYLATION MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS), ALSO KNOWN AS MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, IS A COMPLEX MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PERSISTENT PRESENCE OF FATIGUE AND OTHER PARTICULAR SYMPTOMS FOR A MINIMUM OF 6 MONTHS. SYMPTOMS FAIL TO DISSIPATE AFTER SUFFICIENT REST AND HAVE MAJOR EFFECTS ON THE DAILY FUNCTIONING OF CFS SUFFERERS. CFS IS A MULTI-SYSTEM DISEASE WITH A HETEROGENEOUS PATIENT POPULATION SHOWING A WIDE VARIETY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITIES AND ITS BIOLOGICAL BASIS REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. STABLE ALTERATIONS IN GENE FUNCTION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN SEVERAL STUDIES OF CFS. EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON GENE FUNCTION, HOWEVER, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, GENOME-WIDE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CFS HAVE NOT BEEN EXPLORED. WE EXAMINED THE DNA METHYLOME IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS ISOLATED FROM CFS PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP ARRAY, CONTROLLING FOR INVARIANT PROBES AND PROBES OVERLAPPING POLYMORPHIC SEQUENCES. GENE ONTOLOGY (GO) AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS SHOWING CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION IN CFS. WE FOUND AN INCREASED ABUNDANCE OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES RELATED TO THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELLULAR METABOLISM, AND KINASE ACTIVITY. GENES ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE CELL REGULATION, THE LARGEST COORDINATED ENRICHMENT OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED PATHWAYS, SHOWED HYPOMETHYLATION WITHIN PROMOTERS AND OTHER GENE REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN CFS. THESE DATA ARE CONSISTENT WITH EVIDENCE OF MULTISYSTEM DYSREGULATION IN CFS AND IMPLICATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF DNA MODIFICATIONS IN CFS PATHOLOGY.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
16 2766  42 EXPRESSION, POLYMORPHISM AND METHYLATION PATTERN OF INTERLEUKIN-6 IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES. PERIODONTITIS IS CONSIDERED AN INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY THAT RESULTS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE DESTRUCTION, AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS, HOST AND IMMUNE RESPONSE. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS MAY MODULATE THE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSE SINCE IT IS ABLE TO INFLUENCE THE GENE EXPRESSION. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF -174 G/C POLYMORPHISM AND THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE PROMOTER REGION OF IL-6 GENE ON THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IN GINGIVAL SAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. GINGIVAL BIOPSIES WERE COLLECTED FROM 21 PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS AND 21 CONTROLS. HISTOLOGIC SECTIONS STAINED BY HEMATOXYLIN-EOSIN WERE USED FOR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION. THE IL-6 GENE EXPRESSION WAS ASSESSED BY QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR. THE POLYMORPHISM IL-6 -174 C/G WAS STUDIED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFICATION AND RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE DIGESTION (HSPII). METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION WAS USED TO VERIFY THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN. THE NUMBER OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN TISSUE FRAGMENTS FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS WAS HIGHER THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP AND THE INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE WAS PREDOMINANTLY MONONUCLEAR. THE EXPRESSION OF IL-6 WAS HIGHER IN THE GROUP WITH PERIODONTITIS. IN POLYMORPHISM ASSAY, NO STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENOTYPES AND ALLELES IN BOTH GROUPS WERE OBSERVED. THE MOST OF SAMPLES WERE PARTIALLY METHYLATED. NO DIFFERENCE WAS OBSERVED IN METHYLATION PATTERN FROM TWO DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE IL-6 GENE AMONG GROUPS. THE HIGH EXPRESSION OF IL-6 IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR RELATED TO CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS, BUT WAS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH METHYLATION STATUS OR THE -174 (G/C) GENETIC POLYMORPHISM, SUGGESTING THAT OTHER MECHANISMS ARE INVOLVED IN THIS GENE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
17 6382  38 THE ROLE OF PARTICULATE MATTERS ON METHYLATION OF IFN-GAMMA AND IL-4 PROMOTER GENES IN PEDIATRIC ALLERGIC RHINITIS. ALLERGIC RHINITIS (AR) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER DRIVEN BY T CELL ACTIVATION. HOW PARTICULATE MATTER CONTRIBUTES TO EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT IN TURN INFLUENCE CYTOKINE GENE EXPRESSION IN CD4(+)T CELLS REMAINS UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, 105 CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH AR AND 90 HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE RECRUITED TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) ON THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CD4(+)T IFN-GAMMA AND IL-4 PROMOTER GENES. DAILY AVERAGE PM(10) AND PM(2.5) WERE OBTAINED FROM FIVE STATE-CONTROLLED MONITORING STATIONS, AND ACTIVITY-BASED DYNAMIC EXPOSURE AND PERSONAL EXPOSURE DATA WERE COLLECTED. DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF IFN-GAMMA AND IL-4 PROMOTER REGIONS WERE ANALYZED USING BISULFITE SEQUENCING. MRNA LEVELS WERE DETECTED BY REAL-TIME QUANTITATIVE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. WE FOUND THAT THE METHYLATION RATE IN IFN-GAMMA WAS HIGHER IN AR CD4(+)T CELLS THAN IN THE CONTROLS. IFN-GAMMA MRNA EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN CD4(+)T CELLS, AND NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE MEAN METHYLATION LEVEL OF IFN-GAMMA. HOWEVER, NO CORRELATION BETWEEN IL-4 METHYLATION AND IL-4 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS FOUND. AFTER ADJUSTING FOR AGE, GENDER, EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING WITHIN 4 MONTHS AFTER BIRTH AND PARENTAL HISTORY OF ALLERGIC DISEASE, OUT DATA SHOWED THAT PM(2.5) EXPOSURE LEVEL WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH METHYLATION LEVEL IN IFN-GAMMA PROMOTER REGION AND DECREASED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION. WE CONCLUDE THAT THE EFFECT OF PM(2.5) ON PEDIATRIC AR MAY BE MEDIATED THROUGH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF IFN-GAMMA PROMOTER REGION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18  344  42 ALTERED BDNF METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND HIGH BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL COMPLEXITY. PURPOSE: THE INTERMED INSTRUMENT, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED TO MEASURE PATIENT'S BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL (BPS) COMPLEXITY, REPRESENTS A POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SIGNALS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND GENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, IN PARTICULAR, BY DNA METHYLATION OF CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN PROMOTOR REGIONS OF THE CORRESPONDING GENES. THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS) OF PAIN. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC PAIN MODIFIES THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BDNF GENE IN A MANNER THAT IS INTERCONNECTED WITH THE BPS STATUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: FIFTY-EIGHT CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN PATIENTS (CMSP) WERE ENROLLED IN THE STUDY. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF 13 CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER WERE MEASURED BY PYROSEQUENCING, AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES WITH VARIOUS PATIENT PARAMETERS AND THE INTERMED SCORES WERE PERFORMED. RESULTS: INTERESTINGLY, A NEGATIVE CORRELATION (-0.40) WAS FOUND BETWEEN THE TOTAL INTERMED SCORES AND THE AVERAGE CPG METHYLATION VALUES OF THE BDNF GENE, BUT NO CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PAIN, DEGREE OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, OR KINESIOPHOBIA AND CATASTROPHISM. MOREOVER, THE ASSOCIATION WAS INDEPENDENT OF AGE, SEX AND LEVEL OF COMORBIDITIES. CONCLUSION: THIS RESULT SHOWS THAT CMSP, IN ASSOCIATION WITH ITS BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONTEXT, EPIGENETICALLY DECREASES THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF THE BDNF PROMOTER AND SHOULD THEREFORE INCREASE THE LEVEL OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. IT ALSO SUGGESTS A ROLE OF THE INTERMED TOOL TO DETECT A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BPS COMPLEXITY AND THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF A TARGET GENE. THE POSSIBLE UPREGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION MIGHT BE, AT LEAST IN PART, THE SIGNAL FOR CHRONIC PAIN-INDUCED CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS). THIS COULD PARTLY EXPLAIN WHY PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY FEEL MORE PAIN THAN THOSE WITH LOWER COMPLEXITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                          
19 5682  36 SHORT-TERM CHANGES IN GLOBAL METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION DURING ALCOHOL DETOXIFICATION. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IS A COMMON PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM AND EPIGENETICS MAY OFFER NEW ASPECTS IN UNDERSTANDING THE BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC UNDERPINNINGS AND IMPROVE TREATMENT OF THIS COMPLEX DISEASE. SUPPOSEDLY, METHYLATION AND HYDROXYMETHYLATION ARE ALTERED IN BRAIN TISSUES AND IN SYNAPSE-RELATED GENES DUE TO CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE AND DURING WITHDRAWAL. TO ASSESS POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC CHANGES AFTER CESSATION OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE, WE COMPARED 23 ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS DURING INPATIENT ALCOHOL DETOXIFICATION WITH 13 CAREFULLY MATCHED CONTROLS. BLOOD SAMPLES WERE TAKEN ON THE DAY OF ADMISSION, AFTER ONE AND AFTER TWO WEEKS AT THE END OF INPATIENT TREATMENT. GENOME-WIDE GLOBAL METHYLATION AND GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION WERE COMPARED ACROSS GROUPS. THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL METHYLATION ACROSS TIME FROM ADMISSION TO ONE AND TWO WEEKS OF INPATIENT WITHDRAWAL (P < 0.001). THESE FINDINGS WERE PARALLELED TO CHANGES IN GLOBAL DNA HYDROXYMETHYLATION ACROSS TIME WHEN AGE WAS EMPLOYED AS A COFACTOR (P < 0.001). SEVERAL POTENTIALLY INFLUENCING VARIABLES LIKE SEVERITY OF WITHDRAWAL, DOSE OF WITHDRAWAL MEDICATION AND ALCOHOL INTAKE BEFORE ADMISSION DID NOT YIELD SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THE RESULTS CONFIRM PREVIOUS FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANT ALTERATIONS OF EPIGENETIC PATTERNS DURING ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND PRESENT FOR THE FIRST TIME HYDROXYMETHYLATION CHANGES IN THESE INDIVIDUALS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
20 1805  28 EFFECT OF SMOKING ON THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERN OF THE SOCS1 PROMOTER IN EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM THE SALIVA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. BACKGROUND: THE AIM OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE METHYLATION PATTERN IN THE SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING 1 (SOCS1) GENE IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (CP). METHODS: METHYLATION-SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE SOCS1 PROMOTER IN 45 SALIVA SAMPLES FROM SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS WITH CP. RESULTS: CELLS FROM THE SALIVA OF CP PATIENTS WHO SMOKED WERE 7.08 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO HAVE A METHYLATED SOCS1 PROMOTER THAN CELLS FROM THE SALIVA OF NON-SMOKING PATIENTS. CONCLUSIONS: SOCS1 GENE PROMOTER METHYLATION, WITH ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF THIS GENE, SEEMS TO BE A CONSEQUENCE OF EXPOSURE TO TOBACCO AND NOT TO PERIODONTAL DISEASE. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO ELUCIDATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE EXPRESSION, EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT, PROGRESSION, AND PROGNOSIS OF CP.	2019