1  214 160 ACUTE AND CHRONIC MOLECULAR SIGNATURES AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS OF BLAST EXPOSURE IN MILITARY BREACHERS. INJURIES FROM EXPOSURE TO EXPLOSIONS ROSE DRAMATICALLY DURING THE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN WARS, WHICH MOTIVATED INVESTIGATIONS OF BLAST-RELATED NEUROTRAUMA AND OPERATIONAL BREACHING. IN THIS STUDY, MILITARY "BREACHERS" WERE EXPOSED TO CONTROLLED, LOW-LEVEL BLAST DURING A 10-DAY EXPLOSIVE BREACHING COURSE. USING AN OMICS APPROACH, WE ASSESSED EPIGENETIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND INFLAMMATORY PROFILE CHANGES IN BLOOD FROM OPERATIONAL BREACHING TRAINEES, WITH VARYING LEVELS OF LIFETIME BLAST EXPOSURE, ALONG WITH DAILY SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS (WITH TINNITUS, HEADACHES, AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES AS THE MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED). ALTHOUGH ACUTE EXPOSURE TO BLAST DID NOT CONFER EPIGENETIC CHANGES, SPECIFICALLY IN DNA METHYLATION, DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WITH COORDINATED GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH LIFETIME CUMULATIVE BLAST EXPOSURES WERE IDENTIFIED. THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF BLAST SHOWED INCREASED METHYLATION OF PAX8 ANTISENSE TRANSCRIPT WITH COORDINATED REPRESSION OF GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP DISTURBANCE. DNA METHYLATION ANALYSES CONDUCTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH REPORTED SYMPTOMS OF TINNITUS IN THE LOW VERSUS HIGH BLAST INCIDENTS GROUPS IDENTIFIED DMRS IN KCNE1 AND CYP2E1 GENES. KCNE1 AND CYP2E1 SHOWED THE EXPECTED INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION, WHICH HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY IMPLICATED IN NOISE-RELATED HEARING LOSS. ALTHOUGH NO SIGNIFICANT TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES WERE OBSERVED IN SAMPLES OBTAINED AT THE ONSET OF THE TRAINING COURSE RELATIVE TO CHRONIC CUMULATIVE BLAST, WE IDENTIFIED A LARGE NUMBER OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL PERTURBATIONS ACUTELY PRE- VERSUS POST-BLAST EXPOSURE. ACUTELY, 67 ROBUSTLY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (FOLD CHANGE >/=1.5), INCLUDING UFC1 AND YOD1 UBIQUITIN-RELATED PROTEINS, WERE IDENTIFIED. INFLAMMATORY ANALYSES OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES REVEALED DYSREGULATION OF MCP-1, GCSF, HGF, MCSF, AND RANTES ACUTELY AFTER BLAST EXPOSURE. THESE DATA SHOW THE IMPORTANCE OF AN OMICS APPROACH, REVEALING THAT TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS CAPTURE ACUTE LOW-LEVEL BLAST OVERPRESSURE EXPOSURE, WHEREAS DNA METHYLATION MARKS ENCAPSULATE CHRONIC LONG-TERM SYMPTOMS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2 1574  78 DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF CHRONIC EXPLOSIVE BREACHING IN U.S. MILITARY WARFIGHTERS. BACKGROUND: INJURIES FROM EXPOSURE TO EXPLOSIONS ROSE DRAMATICALLY DURING THE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN WARS, WHICH MOTIVATED INVESTIGATION OF BLAST-RELATED NEUROTRAUMA. WE HAVE UNDERTAKEN HUMAN STUDIES INVOLVING MILITARY "BREACHERS" -EXPOSED TO CONTROLLED, LOW-LEVEL BLAST DURING A 3-DAYS EXPLOSIVE BREACHING COURSE. METHODS: WE SCREENED EPIGENETIC PROFILES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES FROM 59 SUBJECTS (IN TWO SEPARATE U.S. MILITARY TRAINING SESSIONS) USING INFINIUM METHYLATIONEPIC BEADCHIPS. PARTICIPANTS HAD VARYING NUMBERS OF EXPOSURES TO BLAST OVER THEIR MILITARY CAREERS (EMPIRICALLY DEFINED AS HIGH >/= 40, AND CONVERSELY, LOW < 39 BREACHING EXPOSURES). DAILY SELF-REPORTED PHYSIOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS WERE RECORDED. TINNITUS, MEMORY PROBLEMS, HEADACHES, AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES ARE MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 14 SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WITHIN GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CUMULATIVE BLAST EXPOSURE IN PARTICIPANTS WITH HIGH RELATIVE TO LOW CUMULATIVE BLAST EXPOSURE. NOTABLY, NTSR1 AND SPON1 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED IN HIGH RELATIVE TO LOW BLAST EXPOSED GROUPS, SUGGESTING THAT SLEEP DYSREGULATION MAY BE ALTERED IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC CUMULATIVE BLAST EXPOSURE. IN COMPARING LIFETIME BLAST EXPOSURE AT BASELINE (PRIOR TO EXPOSURE IN CURRENT TRAINING), AND TOP ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS, WE IDENTIFIED SIGNIFICANT DMRS ASSOCIATED WITH TINNITUS, SLEEP DIFFICULTIES, AND HEADACHE. NOTABLY, WE IDENTIFIED KCNN3, SOD3, MUC4, GALR1, AND WDR45B, WHICH ARE IMPLICATED IN AUDITORY FUNCTION, AS DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED ASSOCIATED WITH SELF-REPORTED TINNITUS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS BEHIND AUDITORY INJURIES IN OUR MILITARY WARFIGHTERS AND ARE PARTICULARLY RELEVANT GIVEN TINNITUS IS NOT ONLY A PRIMARY DISABILITY AMONG VETERANS, BUT HAS ALSO BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN ACTIVE DUTY MEDICAL RECORDS FOR POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO BLAST IN TRAINING. ADDITIONALLY, WE FOUND THAT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GENES CCDC68 AND COMT TRACK WITH SLEEP DIFFICULTIES, AND THOSE WITHIN FMOD AND TNXB TRACK WITH PAIN AND HEADACHE. CONCLUSION: SLEEP DISTURBANCES, AS WELL AS TINNITUS AND CHRONIC PAIN, ARE WIDELY REPORTED IN U.S. MILITARY SERVICE MEMBERS AND VETERANS. AS WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED, DNA METHYLATION ENCAPSULATES LIFETIME EXPOSURE TO BLAST. THE CURRENT DATA SUPPORT PREVIOUS FINDINGS AND RECAPITULATE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ALTERATIONS IN GENES INVOLVED IN SLEEP, AUDITORY FUNCTION, AND PAIN. THESE DATA UNCOVERED NOVEL EPIGENETIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE ETIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THESE SYMPTOMS.	2020	

3 3077  33 GENOME-WIDE METHYL-SEQ ANALYSIS OF BLOOD-BRAIN TARGETS OF GLUCOCORTICOID EXPOSURE. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO GLUCOCORTICOIDS (GCS) CAN LEAD TO PSYCHIATRIC COMPLICATIONS THROUGH EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION (DNAM). WE SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN A PERIPHERAL TISSUE CAN SERVE AS A SURROGATE FOR THOSE IN A RELATIVELY INACCESSIBLE TISSUE SUCH AS THE BRAIN. DNA EXTRACTED FROM THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND BLOOD OF MICE TREATED WITH GCS OR VEHICLE SOLUTION WAS ASSAYED USING A GENOME-WIDE DNAM PLATFORM (METHYL-SEQ) TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) INDUCED BY GC TREATMENT. WE OBSERVED THAT APPROXIMATELY 70% OF THE DMRS IN BOTH TISSUES LOST METHYLATION FOLLOWING GC TREATMENT. OF THE 3,095 DMRS THAT MAPPED TO THE SAME GENES IN BOTH TISSUES, 1,853 DMRS UNDERWENT DNAM CHANGES IN THE SAME DIRECTION. INTERESTINGLY, ONLY 209 DMRS (<7%) OVERLAPPED IN GENOMIC COORDINATES BETWEEN THE 2 TISSUES, SUGGESTING TISSUE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN GC-TARGETED LOCI. PATHWAY ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES WERE MEMBERS OF PATHWAYS INVOLVED IN METABOLISM, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND NEURODEVELOPMENT. ALSO, CHANGES IN CELL TYPE COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND BRAIN WERE EXAMINED BY FLUORESCENCE-ACTIVATED CELL SORTING. SEPARATION OF THE CORTEX INTO NEURONAL AND NON-NEURONAL FRACTIONS AND THE LEUKOCYTES INTO T-CELLS, B-CELLS, AND NEUTROPHILS SHOWED THAT GC-INDUCED METHYLATION CHANGES PRIMARILY OCCURRED IN NEURONS AND T-CELLS, WITH THE BLOOD TISSUE ALSO UNDERGOING A SHIFT IN THE PROPORTION OF CONSTITUENT CELL TYPES WHILE THE PROPORTION OF NEURONS AND GLIA IN THE BRAIN REMAINED STABLE. FROM THE CURRENT PILOT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT DESPITE TISSUE-SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC CHANGES AND CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY, BLOOD CAN SERVE AS A SURROGATE FOR GC-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE BRAIN.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
4  531  46 ASTROCYTE REACTIVITY FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE INVOLVES ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION. BLAST INDUCED NEUROTRAUMA (BINT) IS A PREVALENT INJURY WITHIN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN POPULATIONS. THE INJURY IS CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENT INFLAMMATION AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL WHICH MANIFESTS AS A MULTITUDE OF COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION OFFERS AN IMPORTANT CONTROL MECHANISM FOR GENE EXPRESSION AND CELLULAR FUNCTION WHICH MAY UNDERLIE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND RESULT IN NEURODEGENERATION. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT ALTERED HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS MAY BE INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND THE CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF GLIAL CELLS. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ELUCIDATE CHANGES TO HISTONE ACETYLATION OCCURRING FOLLOWING INJURY AND THE ROLES THESE CHANGES MAY HAVE WITHIN THE PATHOLOGY. SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WERE SUBJECTED TO EITHER A 10 OR 17 PSI BLAST OVERPRESSURE WITHIN AN ADVANCED BLAST SIMULATOR (ABS). SHAM ANIMALS UNDERWENT THE SAME PROCEDURES WITHOUT BLAST EXPOSURE. MEMORY IMPAIRMENTS WERE MEASURED USING THE NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION (NOR) TEST AT 2 AND 7 DAYS POST-INJURY. TISSUES WERE COLLECTED AT 7 DAYS FOR WESTERN BLOT AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (IHC) ANALYSIS. SHAM ANIMALS SHOWED INTACT MEMORY AT EACH TIME POINT. THE NOVEL OBJECT DISCRIMINATION DECREASED SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN TWO AND 7 DAYS FOR EACH INJURY GROUP (P < 0.05). THIS IS INDICATIVE OF THE ONSET OF MEMORY IMPAIRMENT. WESTERN BLOT ANALYSIS SHOWED GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP), A KNOWN MARKER OF ACTIVATED ASTROCYTES, WAS ELEVATED IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) FOLLOWING BLAST EXPOSURE FOR BOTH INJURY GROUPS. ANALYSIS OF HISTONE PROTEIN EXTRACT SHOWED NO CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF ANY TOTAL HISTONE PROTEINS WITHIN THE PFC. HOWEVER, ACETYLATION LEVELS OF HISTONE H2B, H3, AND H4 WERE DECREASED IN BOTH GROUPS (P < 0.05). CO-LOCALIZATION IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE WAS USED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE ANY POTENTIAL CORRELATION BETWEEN DECREASED HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ASTROCYTE ACTIVATION. THESE EXPERIMENTS SHOWED A SIMILAR DECREASE IN H3 ACETYLATION IN ASTROCYTES EXPOSED TO A 17 PSI BLAST BUT NOT A 10 PSI BLAST. FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ARRAY, SHOWED DYSREGULATION OF SEVERAL CYTOKINE AND CYTOKINE RECEPTORS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN NEUROINFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. WE HAVE SHOWN ABERRANT HISTONE ACETYLATION PATTERNS INVOLVED IN BLAST INDUCED ASTROGLIOSIS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS. FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ROLE IN THE INJURY PROGRESSION MAY LEAD TO NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                     
5 1345  40 DETECTION OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS USING BAYES FACTOR FOR ORDINAL GROUP RESPONSES. RESEARCHERS IN GENOMICS ARE INCREASINGLY INTERESTED IN EPIGENETIC FACTORS SUCH AS DNA METHYLATION, BECAUSE THEY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION WITHOUT CHANGES IN THE DNA SEQUENCE. THERE HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPING STATISTICAL METHODS TO DETECT DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) ASSOCIATED WITH BINARY DISEASE STATUS. MOST OF THESE METHODS ARE BEING DEVELOPED FOR DETECTING DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION RATES BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS. WE CONSIDER MULTIPLE SEVERITY LEVELS OF DISEASE, AND DEVELOP A BAYESIAN STATISTICAL METHOD TO DETECT THE REGION WITH INCREASING (OR DECREASING) METHYLATION RATES AS THE DISEASE SEVERITY INCREASES. PATIENTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO MORE THAN TWO GROUPS, BASED ON THE DISEASE SEVERITY (E.G., STAGES OF CANCER), AND DMRS ARE DETECTED BY USING MOVING WINDOWS ALONG THE GENOME. WITHIN EACH WINDOW, THE BAYES FACTOR IS CALCULATED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS OF MONOTONIC INCREASE IN METHYLATION RATES CORRESPONDING TO SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE VERSUS NO DIFFERENCE. A MIXED-EFFECT MODEL IS USED TO INCORPORATE THE CORRELATION OF METHYLATION RATES OF NEARBY CPG SITES IN THE REGION. RESULTS FROM EXTENSIVE SIMULATION INDICATE THAT OUR PROPOSED METHOD IS STATISTICALLY VALID AND REASONABLY POWERFUL. WE DEMONSTRATE OUR APPROACH ON A BISULFITE SEQUENCING DATASET FROM A CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) STUDY.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
6 6547  35 TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF LONG-TERM MEDITATION PRACTICE: EVIDENCE FOR PREVENTION OR REVERSAL OF STRESS EFFECTS HARMFUL TO HEALTH. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: STRESS CAN OVERLOAD ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS, LEADING TO EPIGENETIC EFFECTS HARMFUL TO HEALTH. RESEARCH ON THE REVERSAL OF THESE EFFECTS IS IN ITS INFANCY. EARLY RESULTS SUGGEST SOME MEDITATION TECHNIQUES HAVE HEALTH BENEFITS THAT GROW WITH REPEATED PRACTICE. THIS STUDY FOCUSED ON POSSIBLE TRANSCRIPTOMIC EFFECTS OF 38 YEARS OF TWICE-DAILY TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION((R)) (TM((R))) PRACTICE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FIRST, USING ILLUMINA((R)) BEADCHIP MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY, DIFFERENCES IN GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) WERE SOUGHT BETWEEN HEALTHY PRACTITIONERS AND TIGHTLY MATCHED CONTROLS (N = 12, AGE 65). SECOND, THESE MICROARRAY RESULTS WERE VERIFIED ON A SUBSET OF GENES USING QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (QPCR) AND WERE VALIDATED USING QPCR IN LARGER TM AND CONTROL GROUPS (N = 45, AGE 63). BIOINFORMATICS INVESTIGATION EMPLOYED INGENUITY((R)) PATHWAY ANALYSIS (IPA((R))), DAVID, GENOMATIX, AND R PACKAGES. RESULTS: THE 200 GENES AND LOCI FOUND TO MEET STRICT CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION IN THE MICROARRAY EXPERIMENT SHOWED CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION THAT DISTINGUISHED THE TWO GROUPS. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION RELATING TO IMMUNE FUNCTION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY WERE MOST APPARENT. IN THE TM GROUP, RELATIVE TO THE CONTROL, ALL 49 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION WERE DOWNREGULATED, WHILE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIBODY COMPONENTS OF THE DEFENSE RESPONSE WERE UPREGULATED. THE LARGEST EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES WERE SHOWN BY SIX GENES RELATED TO ERYTHROCYTE FUNCTION THAT APPEARED TO REFLECT A CONDITION OF LOWER ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTROL GROUP. RESULTS SUPPORTING THESE GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES WERE OBTAINED WITH QPCR-MEASURED EXPRESSION BOTH IN THE WELL-MATCHED MICROARRAY GROUPS AND IN THE LARGER, LESS WELL-MATCHED GROUPS. CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREDICTIONS BASED ON RESULTS FROM EARLIER RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF MEDITATION AND MAY PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR STRESS-RELATED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING REDUCTIONS IN ANXIETY, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD), CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), AND OTHER CHRONIC DISORDERS AND DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
7 1537  31 DNA METHYLATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDER: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. ANXIETY DISORDERS (AD) TYPICALLY MANIFEST IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND MIGHT PERSIST INTO ADULTHOOD. HOWEVER, THERE ARE STILL FEW DATA CONCERNING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH ONSET, PERSISTENCE OR REMISSION OF AD OVER TIME. WE INVESTIGATED A COHORT OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS AT BASELINE (AGE; 13.19 +/- 2.38) AND AFTER 5 YEARS AND CLASSIFIED THEM ACCORDING TO THE AD DIAGNOSIS AND THEIR LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES INTO 4 GROUPS: (1) TYPICALLY DEVELOPING COMPARISONS (TDC; CONTROL GROUP, N = 14); (2) INCIDENT (AD IN THE SECOND EVALUATION ONLY, N = 11); (3) PERSISTENT (AD IN BOTH EVALUATIONS, N = 14) AND (4) REMITTENT (AD IN THE FIRST EVALUATION ONLY, N = 8). DNA METHYLATION WAS EVALUATED WITH THE INFINIUM HUMANMETHYLATION450 BEADCHIP FROM SALIVA SAMPLES COLLECTED AT BOTH EVALUATIONS. GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WAS APPLIED TO CONSIDER BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. WE FOUND DECREASED DNA METHYLATION IN TDC GROUP WHILE THE CHRONIC CASES OF AD PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS. MOREOVER, WE SHOWED THAT THIS PERSISTENT GROUP ALSO PRESENTED HYPERMETHYLATION WHILE THE OTHER THREE GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOMETHYLATION IN NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY. INCIDENCE AND REMISSION GROUPS WERE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED AND DECREASED METHYLATION IN NEURON DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS, RESPECTIVELY. LARGER STUDIES ARE LIKELY TO DETECT SPECIFIC GENES RELEVANT TO AD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
8 3652  37 INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERN SHIFTS IN NANOPARTICLES-EXPOSED WORKERS ANALYZED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS. A DNA METHYLATION PATTERN REPRESENTS AN ORIGINAL PLAN OF THE FUNCTION SETTINGS OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS AND TISSUES. THE BASIC STRATEGIES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGES DURING THE HUMAN LIFETIME ARE KNOWN, BUT THE DETAILS RELATED TO ITS MODIFICATION OVER THE YEARS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS HAVE NOT YET BEEN STUDIED. MOREOVER, CURRENT EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE COULD GENERATE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION SETTINGS AND, SUBSEQUENTLY, THE FUNCTION OF GENES. IN THIS STUDY, WE ANALYZED THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO NANOPARTICLES (NP) IN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS REPEATEDLY SAMPLED IN FOUR CONSECUTIVE YEARS (2016-2019). A DETAILED METHYLATION PATTERN ANALYSIS OF 14 PERSONS (10 EXPOSED AND 4 CONTROLS) WAS PERFORMED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS. A MICROARRAY-BASED APPROACH USING CHIPS, ALLOWING THE ASSESSMENT OF MORE THAN 850 K CPG LOCI, WAS USED. INDIVIDUAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE COMPARED BY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA). THE RESULTS SHOW THE SHIFT IN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN INDIVIDUAL YEARS IN ALL THE EXPOSED AND CONTROL SUBJECTS. THE OVERALL RANGE OF DIFFERENCES VARIED BETWEEN THE YEARS IN INDIVIDUAL PERSONS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE FIRST AND LAST YEAR OF EXAMINATION (A THREE-YEAR TIME PERIOD) SEEM TO BE CONSISTENTLY GREATER IN THE NP-EXPOSED SUBJECTS IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTROLS. THE SELECTED 14 MOST DIFFERENTLY METHYLATED CG LOCI WERE RELATIVELY STABLE IN THE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED SUBJECTS. IN SUMMARY, THE SPECIFIC TYPE OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE FIXING OF RELEVANT EPIGENETIC CHANGES RELATED TO A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AS, E.G., NP INHALATION.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
9  344  35 ALTERED BDNF METHYLATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND HIGH BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL COMPLEXITY. PURPOSE: THE INTERMED INSTRUMENT, WHICH WAS DEVELOPED TO MEASURE PATIENT'S BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL (BPS) COMPLEXITY, REPRESENTS A POWERFUL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL. EPIGENETIC CHANGES ARE THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SIGNALS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND GENETIC MODIFICATIONS, AFFECTING GENE EXPRESSION, IN PARTICULAR, BY DNA METHYLATION OF CPG DINUCLEOTIDES IN PROMOTOR REGIONS OF THE CORRESPONDING GENES. THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS) OF PAIN. IN THIS STUDY, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHRONIC PAIN MODIFIES THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF THE BDNF GENE IN A MANNER THAT IS INTERCONNECTED WITH THE BPS STATUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: FIFTY-EIGHT CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN PATIENTS (CMSP) WERE ENROLLED IN THE STUDY. DNA WAS EXTRACTED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES, THE METHYLATION LEVELS OF 13 CPG SITES IN THE BDNF PROMOTER WERE MEASURED BY PYROSEQUENCING, AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES WITH VARIOUS PATIENT PARAMETERS AND THE INTERMED SCORES WERE PERFORMED. RESULTS: INTERESTINGLY, A NEGATIVE CORRELATION (-0.40) WAS FOUND BETWEEN THE TOTAL INTERMED SCORES AND THE AVERAGE CPG METHYLATION VALUES OF THE BDNF GENE, BUT NO CORRELATION WAS OBSERVED WITH THE SEVERITY OF PAIN, DEGREE OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, OR KINESIOPHOBIA AND CATASTROPHISM. MOREOVER, THE ASSOCIATION WAS INDEPENDENT OF AGE, SEX AND LEVEL OF COMORBIDITIES. CONCLUSION: THIS RESULT SHOWS THAT CMSP, IN ASSOCIATION WITH ITS BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONTEXT, EPIGENETICALLY DECREASES THE DEGREE OF METHYLATION OF THE BDNF PROMOTER AND SHOULD THEREFORE INCREASE THE LEVEL OF BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. IT ALSO SUGGESTS A ROLE OF THE INTERMED TOOL TO DETECT A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BPS COMPLEXITY AND THE EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF A TARGET GENE. THE POSSIBLE UPREGULATION OF BDNF EXPRESSION MIGHT BE, AT LEAST IN PART, THE SIGNAL FOR CHRONIC PAIN-INDUCED CENTRAL SENSITIZATION (CS). THIS COULD PARTLY EXPLAIN WHY PATIENTS WITH A HIGHER LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY FEEL MORE PAIN THAN THOSE WITH LOWER COMPLEXITY.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
10 2079  28 EPIGENETIC DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY. BACKGROUND THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSFORMATION FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE. METHODS PARTICIPANTS WERE RECRUITED FROM THE POPULATION-BASED NORWEGIAN HUNT STUDY. THIRTY-SIX FEMALE HEADACHE PATIENTS WHO TRANSFORMED FROM EPISODIC TO CHRONIC HEADACHE BETWEEN BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP 11 YEARS LATER WERE MATCHED AGAINST 35 CONTROLS WITH EPISODIC HEADACHE. DNA METHYLATION WAS QUANTIFIED AT 485,000 CPG SITES, AND CHANGES IN METHYLATION LEVEL AT THESE SITES WERE COMPARED BETWEEN CASES AND CONTROLS BY LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS. DATA WERE ANALYZED IN TWO STAGES (STAGES 1 AND 2) AND IN A COMBINED META-ANALYSIS. RESULTS NONE OF THE TOP 20 CPG SITES IDENTIFIED IN STAGE 1 REPLICATED IN STAGE 2 AFTER MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION. IN THE COMBINED META-ANALYSIS THE STRONGEST ASSOCIATED CPG SITES WERE RELATED TO SH2D5 AND NPTX2, TWO BRAIN-EXPRESSED GENES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY. FUNCTIONAL ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS POINTED TO PROCESSES INCLUDING CALCIUM ION BINDING AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PATHWAYS. CONCLUSION IN THIS FIRST GENOME-WIDE STUDY OF DNA METHYLATION IN HEADACHE CHRONIFICATION SEVERAL POTENTIALLY IMPLICATED LOCI AND PROCESSES WERE IDENTIFIED. THE STUDY EXEMPLIFIES THE USE OF PROSPECTIVELY COLLECTED POPULATION COHORTS TO SEARCH FOR EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
11 1186  40 COORDINATED DYNAMIC GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN THE CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL. BACKGROUND: CHRONIC ALCOHOL USE CAUSES WIDESPREAD CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE AMYGDALA'S CENTRAL NUCLEUS (CEA), A GABAERGIC CENTER THAT INTEGRATES AUTONOMIC PHYSIOLOGY WITH THE EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNING. WHILE ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES PLAY A ROLE IN DEPENDENCE AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CEA'S DYNAMIC CHANGES DURING WITHDRAWAL, A PERIOD OF EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC DISTURBANCE. METHODS: WE USED A QRT-PCR PLATFORM TO MEASURE 139 TRANSCRIPTS IN 92 RAT CEA SAMPLES FROM CONTROL (N = 33), CHRONICALLY ALCOHOL EXPOSED (N = 26), AND WITHDRAWN RATS (T = 4, 8, 18, 32, AND 48 HOURS; N = 5, 10, 7, 6, 5). THIS FOCUSED TRANSCRIPT SET ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT DYNAMIC EXPRESSION PATTERNS DURING THE FIRST 48 HOURS OF WITHDRAWAL AND PROPOSE POTENTIAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS. RESULTS: CHRONIC ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAUSES A LIMITED NUMBER OF SMALL MAGNITUDE EXPRESSION CHANGES. IN CONTRAST, WITHDRAWAL RESULTS IN A GREATER NUMBER OF LARGE CHANGES WITHIN 4 HOURS OF REMOVAL OF THE ALCOHOL DIET. SIXTY-FIVE OF THE 139 MEASURED TRANSCRIPTS (47%) SHOWED DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION DURING WITHDRAWAL. OVER THE 48-HOUR PERIOD, DYNAMIC CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TYPE A (GABA(A) ), IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE AND NEUROPEPTIDE SYSTEM-RELATED G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR SUBUNITS, AND THE RAS/RAF SIGNALING PATHWAY WERE SEEN AS WELL AS DOWNSTREAM TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (TFS) AND EPIGENETIC REGULATORS. FOUR TEMPORALLY CORRELATED GENE CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH SHARED FUNCTIONAL ROLES INCLUDING NMDA RECEPTORS, MAPKKK AND CHEMOKINE SIGNALING CASCADES, AND MEDIATORS OF LONG-TERM POTENTIATION, AMONG OTHERS. CLUSTER PROMOTER REGIONS SHARED OVERREPRESENTED BINDING SITES FOR MULTIPLE TFS INCLUDING CEBP, USF-1, SMAD3, AP-2, AND C-ETS, SUGGESTING A POTENTIAL REGULATORY ROLE. CONCLUSIONS: DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, THE CEA EXPERIENCES RAPID CHANGES IN MRNA EXPRESSION OF THESE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED TRANSCRIPTS THAT WERE NOT PREDICTED BY MEASUREMENT DURING CHRONIC EXPOSURE. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NEW INSIGHT INTO DYNAMIC EXPRESSION CHANGES DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL AND SUGGESTS NOVEL REGULATORY RELATIONSHIPS THAT POTENTIALLY IMPACT THE ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL MODULATION.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
12 6083  41 THE EFFECT OF SMOKING ON DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. BACKGROUND: REGULAR SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF SYNDROMES WITH PROMINENT INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS SUCH AS CANCER, OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. HEAVY REGULAR SMOKING IS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE DNA METHYLATION OF PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS. HOWEVER, IN YOUNGER SMOKERS, INFLAMMATORY EPIGENETIC FINDINGS ARE LARGELY ABSENT WHICH SUGGESTS THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE(S) TO SMOKING MAY BE DOSE DEPENDENT. TO HELP UNDERSTAND WHETHER PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELLS HAVE A ROLE IN MEDIATING THESE RESPONSES IN OLDER SMOKERS WITH HIGHER CUMULATIVE SMOKE EXPOSURE, WE EXAMINED GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION IN A GROUP OF WELL CHARACTERIZED ADULT AFRICAN AMERICAN SUBJECTS INFORMATIVE FOR SMOKING, AS WELL AS SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) AND INTERLEUKIN-6 RECEPTOR (IL6R) LEVELS. IN ADDITION, COMPLEMENTARY BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES WERE CONDUCTED TO DELINEATE POSSIBLE PATHWAYS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM SMOKING. RESULTS: GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS WITH RESPECT TO SMOKING STATUS YIELDED 910 SIGNIFICANT LOCI AFTER BENJAMINI-HOCHBERG CORRECTION. IN PARTICULAR, TWO LOCI FROM THE AHRR GENE (CG05575921 AND CG23576855) AND ONE LOCUS FROM THE GPR15 GENE (CG19859270) WERE IDENTIFIED AS HIGHLY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BETWEEN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS. THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES SHOWED THAT LONG-TERM CHRONIC SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION OF GENES CODING FOR PROTEINS MAPPING TO CRITICAL SUB-NETWORKS MODERATING INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE FUNCTION, AND COAGULATION. CONCLUSIONS: WE CONCLUDE THAT CHRONIC REGULAR SMOKING IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELL METHYLATION SIGNATURE WHICH PERTURB INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE FUNCTION PATHWAYS AND MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED VULNERABILITY FOR COMPLEX ILLNESSES WITH INFLAMMATORY COMPONENTS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
13 1503  36 DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES IN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO OR IN VIVO. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA INDICATE THAT CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO HAVE A GREATER RELATIVE RISK OF LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT, MAJOR AND MINOR BIRTH DEFECTS, AND RARE DISORDERS INVOLVING IMPRINTED GENES, SUGGESTING THAT EPIGENETIC CHANGES MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTION. WE EXAMINED DNA METHYLATION AT MORE THAN 700 GENES (1536 CPG SITES) IN PLACENTA AND CORD BLOOD AND MEASURED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF A SUBSET OF GENES THAT DIFFERED IN METHYLATION LEVELS BETWEEN CHILDREN CONCEIVED IN VITRO VERSUS IN VIVO. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN PLACENTA AND HIGHER MEAN METHYLATION AT CPG SITES IN CORD BLOOD. WE ALSO FIND THAT IN VITRO CONCEPTION-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION DIFFERENCES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES AT BOTH IMPRINTED AND NON-IMPRINTED GENES. THE RANGE OF INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO GROUPS OVERLAPS SUBSTANTIALLY BUT SOME INDIVIDUALS FROM THE IN VITRO GROUP DIFFER FROM THE IN VIVO GROUP MEAN BY MORE THAN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS. SEVERAL OF THE GENES WHOSE EXPRESSION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CHRONIC METABOLIC DISORDERS, SUCH AS OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THERE MAY BE EPIGENETIC DIFFERENCES IN THE GAMETES OR EARLY EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM COUPLES UNDERGOING TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY. ALTERNATIVELY, ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON GLOBAL PATTERNS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. IN EITHER CASE, THESE DIFFERENCES OR CHANGES MAY AFFECT LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
14 6845  36 [METHYLATION STATUS OF APOPTOSIS GENES AND INTENSITY OF APOPTOTIC DEATH OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN PERSONS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIATION]. METHYLATION OF THE CPG ISLANDS OF GENE PROMOTER REGIONS IS THE MOST COMMON EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. A NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT IONIZING RADIATION CAN CAUSE BOTH HYPER- AND HYPOMETHYLATION OF DNA. ABERRANT METHYLATION AFFECTS CELLULAR PROCESSES AND CAN LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL STATES. IN THE LITERATURE, THERE ARE FEW STUDIES ON THE METHYLATION STATUS OF HUMAN DNA A LONG TIME AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. HERE, THE METHYLATION LEVEL OF CPG ISLANDS OF THE PROMOTER REGIONS OF APOPTOSIS GENES (BCL2, ATM, MDM2, CDKN1A, STAT3, AND NFKB1), AND ALSO ITS INFLUENCE ON APOPTOSIS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN CHRONICALLY EXPOSED PERSONS WERE STUDIED. RESIDENTS OF THE SOUTH URAL REGION WHO WERE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIATION (AFTER DISCHARGES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES INTO THE TECHA RIVER BY THE "MAYAK PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION" IN 1949-1956) WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. IT WAS ESTABLISHED THAT THE PROPORTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERMETHYLATED BCL2 GENE PROMOTER AMONG THE EXPOSED PEOPLE WAS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP. THE PERCENTAGE OF METHYLATION OF THE ATM GENE PROMOTER WEAKLY POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH DOSE AND AGE CHARACTERISTICS. DIFFERENCES IN THE FREQUENCY OF LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS IN EXPOSED INDIVIDUALS WITH A HYPO- OR HYPERMETHYLATED ATM GENE PROMOTER WERE ALSO ESTABLISHED. THE DATA INDICATE THAT, IN THE LONG-TERM, AFTER CHRONIC LOW INTENSITY RADIATION EXPOSURE AT LOW AND MEDIUM DOSES, EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF THE GENOME OCCUR, WHICH ARE MANIFESTED AS CHANGES IN METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGIONS OF BCL2 AND ATM GENES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
15 6311  32 THE RELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS AND SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. BACKGROUND: THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING CYTOKINES FLUCTUATE WITH AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS, AND CHRONIC DISEASE, AND ARE PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY; THIS IS ALSO TRUE FOR PATTERNS OF DNA (CPG) METHYLATION. GIVEN THAT IMMUNE CELLS ARE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF CYTOKINES IN THEIR MICROENVIRONMENT, WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT SERUM LEVELS OF TNF, IL-6, IL-8 AND IL-10 WOULD CORRELATE WITH GENOME-WIDE ALTERATIONS IN THE DNA METHYLATION LEVELS OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES. TO TEST THIS, WE EVALUATED COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS (N = 14; 48-78 YEARS OLD) RECRUITED TO A PILOT STUDY FOR THE CANADIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON AGING (CLSA), EXAMINING DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS USING THE ILLUMINA HUMANMETHYLATION 450 K BEADCHIP. RESULTS: WE SHOW THAT, APART FROM AGE, SERUM IL-10 LEVELS EXHIBITED THE MOST SUBSTANTIAL ASSOCIATION TO DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS, FOLLOWED BY TNF, IL-6 AND IL-8. FURTHERMORE, WHILE THE LEVELS OF THESE CYTOKINES WERE HIGHER IN ELDERLY ADULTS, NO ASSOCIATIONS WITH EPIGENETIC ACCELERATED AGING, DERIVED USING THE EPIGENETIC CLOCK, WERE OBSERVED. CONCLUSIONS: AS A PRELIMINARY STUDY WITH A SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THIS WORK MUST BE VIEWED WITH CAUTION; HOWEVER, OUR OBSERVATIONS ARE ENCOURAGING AND CERTAINLY WARRANT MORE SUITABLY POWERED STUDIES OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16 1436  32 DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF THE TRPA1 PROMOTER IN PAIN SENSITIVITY. CHRONIC PAIN IS A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM, BUT THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. HERE WE EXAMINE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, FIRST IN 50 IDENTICAL TWINS DISCORDANT FOR HEAT PAIN SENSITIVITY AND THEN IN 50 FURTHER UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS. WHOLE-BLOOD DNA METHYLATION WAS CHARACTERIZED AT 5.2 MILLION LOCI BY MEDIP SEQUENCING AND ASSESSED LONGITUDINALLY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH OR LOW PAIN SENSITIVITY (PAIN DMRS). NINE META-ANALYSIS PAIN DMRS SHOW ROBUST EVIDENCE FOR ASSOCIATION (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE 5%) WITH THE STRONGEST SIGNAL IN THE PAIN GENE TRPA1 (P=1.2 X 10(-13)). SEVERAL PAIN DMRS SHOW LONGITUDINAL STABILITY CONSISTENT WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY EFFECTS, HAVE SIMILAR METHYLATION LEVELS IN THE BRAIN AND ALTERED EXPRESSION IN THE SKIN. OUR APPROACH IDENTIFIES EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN BOTH NOVEL AND ESTABLISHED CANDIDATE GENES THAT PROVIDE MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO PAIN AND MAY GENERALIZE TO OTHER COMPLEX TRAITS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
17  990  41 CHRONIC SOCIAL STRESS INDUCES DNA METHYLATION CHANGES AT AN EVOLUTIONARY CONSERVED INTERGENIC REGION IN CHROMOSOME X. CHRONIC STRESS RESULTING FROM PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS INCREASES THE RISK OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS. ALTHOUGH CHRONIC STRESS CAN CHANGE GENE EXPRESSION RELEVANT FOR BEHAVIOR, MOLECULAR REGULATORS OF THIS CHANGE HAVE NOT BEEN FULLY DETERMINED. ONE PROCESS THAT COULD PLAY A ROLE IS DNA METHYLATION, AN EPIGENETIC PROCESS WHEREBY A METHYL GROUP IS ADDED ONTO NUCLEOTIDES, PREDOMINANTLY CYTOSINE IN THE CPG CONTEXT, AND WHICH CAN BE INDUCED BY CHRONIC STRESS. IT IS UNKNOWN TO WHAT EXTENT CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT, A MODEL OF HUMAN SOCIAL STRESS, INFLUENCES DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS ACROSS THE GENOME. OUR STUDY ADDRESSED THIS QUESTION BY USING A TARGETED-CAPTURE APPROACH CALLED METHYL-SEQ TO INVESTIGATE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF THE DENTATE GYRUS AT PUTATIVE REGULATORY REGIONS ACROSS THE MOUSE GENOME FROM MICE EXPOSED TO 14 DAYS OF SOCIAL DEFEAT. FINDINGS WERE REPLICATED IN INDEPENDENT COHORTS BY BISULFITE-PYROSEQUENCING. TWO DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED. ONE DMR WAS LOCATED AT INTRON 9 OF DROSHA, AND IT SHOWED REDUCED METHYLATION IN STRESSED MICE. THIS OBSERVATION REPLICATED IN ONE OF TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS. A SECOND DMR WAS IDENTIFIED AT AN INTERGENIC REGION OF CHROMOSOME X, AND METHYLATION IN THIS REGION WAS INCREASED IN STRESSED MICE. THIS METHYLATION DIFFERENCE REPLICATED IN TWO INDEPENDENT COHORTS AND IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) POSTMORTEM BRAINS. THESE RESULTS HIGHLIGHT A REGION NOT PREVIOUSLY KNOWN TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED BY CHRONIC SOCIAL DEFEAT STRESS AND WHICH MAY BE INVOLVED IN MDD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
18 2297  26 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PAIN. ACUTE PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH TISSUE DAMAGE, WHICH RESULTS IN THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS. RECENT STUDIES POINT TO THE INVOLVEMENT OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS (DNA METHYLATION) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PAIN. WE HAVE FOUND THAT DURING ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PAIN INDUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF 10% MUSTARD OIL ON THE TONGUES OF RATS, LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND 3B WERE ELEVATED MARKEDLY (36 AND 42 % RESPECTIVELY), WHEREAS THE LEVEL OF DNMT1 WAS NOT CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY. PREVIOUS INJECTION OF XEFOCAM WITH 0,4 MG/KG DOSE DECREASED LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND 3B (25 AND 24% RESPECTIVELY). THE LEVEL OF DNMT1 WAS NOT CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY COMPARED TO THE CONTROL GROUP. THE FINDINGS SUPPORT THE IDEA THAT INHIBITORS OF DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASES COULD BE USEFUL FOR PAIN MANAGEMENT. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT NSAIDS (ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH DNMT INHIBITORS) MAY BE PROPOSED AS POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY AGENTS, WHICH MAY PLAY A ROLE IN EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS INDIRECTLY THROUGH ALTERING THE ACTIVITY OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS INVOLVED IN PAIN DEVELOPMENT.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
19  274  37 AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AFFECT RENAL HISTOLOGY AND POST-TRANSPLANT FIBROSIS. DURING AGEING, KIDNEY FUNCTION DECREASES DUE TO RENAL TUBULAR ATROPHY, INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS, GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. RECENTLY, CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE SHOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO VARIOUS AGEING PROCESSES. HOWEVER, IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER SUCH CHANGES ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO AGE-RELATED KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION. TO ASSESS THIS, WE PROFILED GENOME-WIDE CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION (OVER 800 000 CPG SITES) IN 95 RENAL BIOPSIES OBTAINED PRIOR TO KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION FROM DONORS AGED 16 TO 73 YEARS. DONOR AGE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE METHYLATION OF 92 778 CPGS (FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05), CORRESPONDING TO 10 285 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS. THESE REGIONS WERE MOST FREQUENTLY LOCATED IN GENES INVOLVED IN THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY. USING AN INDEPENDENT COHORT OF 67 BIOPSIES, WE AUTONOMOUSLY VALIDATED THESE FINDINGS. INTERESTINGLY, THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THESE 92 778 AGE-RELATED CPGS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS (34.4% OF CPGS AT A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05) AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (0.9%) AND GRAFT FUNCTION AT ONE YEAR AFTER TRANSPLANTATION, BUT NOT WITH TUBULAR ATROPHY AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. NO ASSOCIATION WAS OBSERVED WITH ANY OF THESE PATHOLOGIES AT THE TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION (0% AT A FALSE DISCOVERY RATE UNDER 0.05). THUS, AGE-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION AT THE TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION PREDICT FUTURE INJURY OF TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS. SPECIFICALLY, OUR EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY DEMONSTRATES THAT EPIGENETIC RENAL AGEING IS IMPLICATED IN PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS IN BOTH THE GLOMERULUS AND THE INTERSTITIUM.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
20 1739  36 EARLY DNA METHYLATION CHANGES IN CHILDREN DEVELOPING BETA CELL AUTOIMMUNITY AT A YOUNG AGE. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: TYPE 1 DIABETES IS A CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OF COMPLEX AETIOLOGY, INCLUDING A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR EPIGENETIC REGULATION. PREVIOUS EPIGENOMIC STUDIES FOCUSED MAINLY ON CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED INDIVIDUALS. THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO ASSESS EARLY DNA METHYLATION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES ALREADY BEFORE THE DIAGNOSIS OR EVEN BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF AUTOANTIBODIES. METHODS: REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS) WAS APPLIED TO STUDY DNA METHYLATION IN PURIFIED CD4(+) T CELL, CD8(+) T CELL AND CD4(-)CD8(-) CELL FRACTIONS OF 226 PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL SAMPLES LONGITUDINALLY COLLECTED FROM SEVEN TYPE 1 DIABETES-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODY-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS AND CONTROL INDIVIDUALS MATCHED FOR AGE, SEX, HLA RISK AND PLACE OF BIRTH. WE ALSO EXPLORED CORRELATIONS BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION USING RNA SEQUENCING DATA FROM THE SAME SAMPLES. TECHNICAL VALIDATION OF RRBS RESULTS WAS PERFORMED USING PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED 79, 56 AND 45 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS IN CD4(+) T CELLS, CD8(+) T CELLS AND CD4(-)CD8(-) CELL FRACTIONS, RESPECTIVELY, BETWEEN TYPE 1 DIABETES-SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODY-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS AND CONTROL PARTICIPANTS. THE ANALYSIS OF PRE-SEROCONVERSION SAMPLES IDENTIFIED DNA METHYLATION SIGNATURES AT THE VERY EARLY STAGE OF DISEASE, INCLUDING DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER OF IRF5 IN CD4(+) T CELLS. FURTHER, WE VALIDATED RRBS RESULTS USING PYROSEQUENCING AT THE FOLLOWING CPG SITES: CHR19:18118304 IN THE PROMOTER OF ARRDC2; CHR21:47307815 IN THE INTRON OF PCBP3; AND CHR14:81128398 IN THE INTERGENIC REGION NEAR TRAF3 IN CD4(+) T CELLS. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: THESE PRELIMINARY RESULTS PROVIDE NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF GENES, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TYPE 1 DIABETES PATHOGENESIS AT THE VERY EARLY STAGE OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT. SHOULD THESE FINDINGS BE VALIDATED, THEY MAY SERVE AS A POTENTIAL SIGNATURE USEFUL FOR DISEASE PREDICTION AND MANAGEMENT.	2022