1  204 114 ACTIVATION OF HDAC4 AND GR SIGNALING CONTRIBUTES TO STRESS-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF RATS. "STRESS-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA (SIH)" IS A PHENOMENON THAT STRESS CAN LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN PAIN SENSITIVITY. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO PLAY FUNDAMENTAL ROLES IN STRESS AND PAIN. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS AN EPIGENETIC FEATURE THAT IS CHANGED IN NUMEROUS STRESS-RELATED DISEASE SITUATIONS. HOWEVER, EPIGENETIC MECHANISM FOR SIH IS NOT WELL KNOWN. WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECT OF HISTONE ACETYLATION ON PAIN HYPERSENSITIVITY USING SPS (SINGLE-PROLONGED STRESS) + CFA (COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT) MODEL. WE SHOWED THAT THE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR)-PERK-PCREB-FOS SIGNALING PATHWAY WAS UPREGULATED ON STRESS-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA AND THE PAW WITHDRAWAL THRESHOLD IN THE SPS + CFA GROUP DROPPED SIGNIFICANTLY COMPARED WITH THE SPS OR CFA GROUP. HISTONE DEACETYLASES 4 (HDAC4)-EXPRESSING NEURONS IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) WERE INCREASED IN THE SPS + CFA-EXPOSED GROUP COMPARED WITH CFA-EXPOSED OR SPS-EXPOSED GROUP. AND WE SHOWED THAT THE EFFECTS OF STRESS-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA WERE CRITICALLY REGULATED VIA REVERSIBLE ACETYLATION (HDAC4) OF THE GR. INHIBITING HDAC4 BY MICROINJECTION OF SODIUM BUTYRATE INTO THE MPFC COULD DISRUPT GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR) SIGNALING PATHWAY, WHICH LOWERED SPS + CFA-CAUSED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND ALLEVIATED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR. TOGETHER, OUR STUDIES SUGGEST THAT HDAC INHIBITORS MIGHT INVOLVE IN THE PROCESS OF STRESS-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
2 6602  33 TWO KINDS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MEDIATE CHRONIC MORPHINE-INDUCED DECREASE IN MIR-105 IN MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF RATS. CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS, AN EFFECT WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PLASTIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR. THIS CHANGE IN GENE EXPRESSION IS MOST POSSIBLY MEDIATED BY ADDICTIVE DRUG-INDUCED EPIGENETIC REMODELING OF GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMS. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES SHOWED THAT CHRONIC MORPHINE-INDUCED DECREASE OF MIR-105 IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX (MPFC) CONTRIBUTED TO CONTEXT-INDUCED RETRIEVAL OF MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL MEMORY. HOWEVER, HOW CHRONIC MORPHINE TREATMENT DECREASES MIR-105 IN THE MPFC STILL REMAINS UNKNOWN. THE PRESENT STUDY SHOWS THAT CHRONIC MORPHINE INDUCES ADDICTION-RELATED CHANGE IN MIR-105 IN THE MPFC VIA TWO KINDS OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS: THE FIRST TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IS CREB ACTIVATED BY MU RECEPTORS-ERK-P90RSK SIGNALING PATHWAY AND THE SECOND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IS GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR (GR), WHICH AS A NEGATIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, MEDIATES CHRONIC MORPHINE-INDUCED DECREASE IN MIR-105 IN THE MPFC OF RATS.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
3 4861  27 ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 1 IS AN HDAC4-REGULATED MEDIATOR OF NOCICEPTIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. PERSISTENT PAIN IS SUSTAINED BY MALADAPTIVE CHANGES IN GENE TRANSCRIPTION RESULTING IN ALTERED FUNCTION OF THE RELEVANT CIRCUITS; THERAPIES ARE STILL UNSATISFACTORY. THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND AFFECTED GENES LINKING NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES AND PATHOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY ARE UNCLEAR. HERE, WE FOUND THAT, AMONG SEVERAL HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS), SYNAPTIC ACTIVITY SPECIFICALLY AFFECTS HDAC4 IN MURINE SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN NEURONS. NOXIOUS STIMULI THAT INDUCE LONG-LASTING INFLAMMATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY CAUSE NUCLEAR EXPORT AND INACTIVATION OF HDAC4. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED MECHANICAL HYPERSENSITIVITY, BUT NEITHER ACUTE NOR BASAL SENSITIVITY, IS IMPAIRED BY THE EXPRESSION OF A CONSTITUTIVELY NUCLEAR LOCALIZED HDAC4 MUTANT. NEXT GENERATION RNA-SEQUENCING REVEALED AN HDAC4-REGULATED GENE PROGRAM COMPRISING MEDIATORS OF SENSITIZATION INCLUDING THE ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER OAT1, KNOWN FOR ITS RENAL TRANSPORT FUNCTION. USING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS TO MODULATE OAT1 ACTIVITY OR EXPRESSION, WE CAUSALLY LINK OAT1 TO PERSISTENT INFLAMMATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE. THUS, HDAC4 IS A KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT TRANSLATES NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY INTO SENSITIZATION BY REGULATING OAT1, WHICH IS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR PAIN-RELIEVING THERAPIES.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  804  34 CENTRAL ENDOTHELIN-1 CONFERS ANALGESIA BY TRIGGERING SPINAL NEURONAL HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) NUCLEAR EXCLUSION IN PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE. THE RATIONALE OF SPINAL ADMINISTRATION OF ENDOTHELIN-1(ET-1) MEDIATED ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECT HAS NOT BEEN ELUCIDATED. ET-1 IS REPORTED TO PROMOTE NUCLEAR EFFLUXION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 5 (HDAC5) IN MYOCYTES, AND SPINAL HDAC5 IS IMPLICATED IN MODULATION OF PAIN PROCESSING. IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE WHETHER CENTRAL ET-1 PLAYS AN ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ROLE BY FACILITATING SPINAL HDAC5 NUCLEAR SHUTTLING UNDER NEUROPATHIC PAIN. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT UPREGULATING SPINAL ET-1 ATTENUATED THE NOCICEPTION INDUCED BY PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION SURGERY AND THIS ANALGESIC EFFECT MEDIATED BY ET-1 WAS ATTENUATED BY INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR SELECTIVE INHIBITOR (BQ123) OR BY BLOCKING THE EXPORTATION OF NUCLEAR HDAC5 BY ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES TARGETING NEURONAL HDAC5 (AVV-HDAC5 S259/498A MUTANT). NOTABLY, ET-1 ADMINISTRATION INCREASED SPINAL GLUTAMATE ACID DECARBOXYLASES (GAD65/67) EXPRESSION VIA INITIATING HDAC5 NUCLEAR EXPORTATION AND INCREASED THE ACETYLATION OF HISTONE 3 AT LYSINE 9 (ACETYL-H3K9) IN THE PROMOTOR REGIONS OF SPINAL GAD1 AND GAD2 GENES. THIS WAS REVERSED BY BLOCKING ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR FUNCTION OR BY INHIBITING THE SPINAL NEURONAL NUCLEAR EXPORTATION OF HDAC5. THEREFORE, INDUCING SPINAL GABAERGIC NEURONAL HDAC5 NUCLEAR EXPORTATION MAY BE A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR MANAGING NEUROPATHIC PAIN. PERSPECTIVE: NEUROPATHIC PAIN IS INTRACTABLE IN A CLINICAL SETTING, AND EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS CONSIDERED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THIS PROCESSING. CHARACTERIZING THE ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF ET-1 AND INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IN ANIMAL MODELS MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES AND TARGETS FOR TREATING NEUROPATHIC PAIN.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
5 3154  39 GLUN2B/CAMKII MEDIATES CFA-INDUCED HYPERALGESIA VIA HDAC4-MODIFIED SPINAL COX2 TRANSCRIPTION. HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4 (HDAC4), WHICH ACTIVELY SHUTTLES BETWEEN THE NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM, IS AN ATTRACTIVE CANDIDATE FOR A REPRESSOR MECHANISM IN EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION. HOWEVER, THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF HDAC4-DEPENDENT EPIGENETICS IN THE NEURAL PLASTICITY UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PAIN HAS NOT BEEN WELL ESTABLISHED. BY INJECTING COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA) INTO THE HIND-PAW OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS (200-250 G), WE FOUND ANIMALS DISPLAYED BEHAVIORAL HYPERALGESIA WAS ACCOMPANIED WITH HDAC4 PHOSPHORYLATION AND CYTOPLASMIC REDISTRIBUTION IN THE DORSAL HORN NEURONS. CYTOPLASMIC HDAC4 RETENTION LED TO ITS UNCOUPLING WITH THE COX2 PROMOTER, HENCE PROMPTING SPINAL COX2 TRANSCRIPTION AND EXPRESSION IN THE DORSAL HORN. MOREOVER, THE GLUN2B-BEARING N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR (GLUN2B-NMDAR)/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II (CAMKII) ACTED AS AN UPSTREAM CASCADE TO FACILITATE HDAC4 PHOSPHORYLATION/REDISTRIBUTION-ASSOCIATED SPINAL COX2 EXPRESSION AFTER INFLAMMATORY INSULTS. THE RESULTS OF THIS PILOT STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DEVELOPMENT AND/OR MAINTENANCE OF INFLAMMATORY PAIN INVOLVED THE SPINAL HDAC4-DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. OUR FINDINGS OPEN UP A NEW AVENUE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MEDICAL STRATEGY FOR THE RELIEF OF INFLAMMATORY PAIN.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6 6148  28 THE EXPRESSION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS MECP2 AND CREB IS MODULATED IN INFLAMMATORY PELVIC PAIN. EARLY ACTIVATION OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IS ONE OF THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF CHRONIC PAIN STATES. PREVIOUS STUDIES IDENTIFIED THE CHANGES IN A NUMBER OF NOCICEPTION-RELATED GENES, SUCH AS CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE (CGRP), SUBSTANCE P (SP), AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPIC FACTOR (BDNF) IN THE PELVIC ORGANS AFTER TRANSIENT COLONIC INFLAMMATION. THE GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF THESE NEUROPEPTIDES COULD BE MODULATED BY TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) AND CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN (CREB). IN THIS STUDY, WE AIMED TO EVALUATE TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF MECP2 AND CREB IN THE LUMBOSACRAL (LS) SPINAL CORD AND SENSORY GANGLIA AFTER INFLAMMATION-INDUCED PELVIC PAIN IN RAT. ADULT SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS WERE TREATED WITH 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID (TNBS) TO INDUCE TRANSIENT COLONIC INFLAMMATION. LS (L6-S2) SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS AND RESPECTIVE DORSAL ROOT GANGLIAS (DRGS) WERE ISOLATED FROM CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AT 1, 2, 6, 24 H AND 3 DAYS POST-TNBS TREATMENT. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL (IHC) LABELING AND WESTERN BLOTTING EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE EXPRESSION OF MECP2, CREB AND THEIR PHOSPHORYLATED FORMS. TOTAL MECP2 EXPRESSION, BUT NOT PHOSPHORYLATED P-MECP2 (PS421MECP2) EXPRESSION WAS DETECTED IN THE CELLS OF THE SPINAL DORSAL HORN UNDER CONTROL CONDITIONS. COLONIC INFLAMMATION TRIGGERED A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF MECP2-EXPRESSING NEURONS IN PARALLEL WITH ELEVATED NUMBERS OF PS421MECP2-EXPRESSING CELLS AT 2 H AND 6 H POST-TNBS. THE MAJORITY OF MECP2-POSITIVE CELLS (80 +/- 6%) CO-EXPRESSED CREB. TNBS TREATMENT CAUSED A TRANSIENT UP-REGULATION OF CREB-EXPRESSING CELLS AT 1 H POST-TNBS ONLY. THE NUMBER OF CELLS EXPRESSING PHOSPHORYLATED CREB (PS133CREB) DID NOT CHANGE AT 1 H AND 2 H POST-TNBS, BUT WAS DOWN-REGULATED BY THREE FOLDS AT 6 H POST-TNBS. ANALYSIS OF DRG SECTIONS REVEALED THAT THE NUMBER OF MECP2-POSITIVE NEURONS WAS UP-REGULATED BY TNBS TREATMENT, REACHING THREE-FOLD INCREASE AT 2 H POST-TNBS, AND EIGHT-FOLD INCREASE AT 6 H POST-TNBS (P </= 0.05 TO CONTROL). THESE DATA SHOWED EARLY CHANGES IN MECP2 AND CREB EXPRESSION IN THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD AND SENSORY GANGLIA AFTER COLONIC INFLAMMATION, SUGGESTING A POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION MECP2 AND CREB SIGNALING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISCERAL HYPERALGESIA AND PELVIC PAIN FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
7 3325  39 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC REGULATION IS INVOLVED IN THE EARLY ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE-RELATED INCREASE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR EVOKED BY CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS IN MICE. INCREASING STUDIES REPORT THAT PROLONGED OR MULTIPLE ANAESTHETIC EXPOSURES EARLY IN LIFE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON BRAIN FUNCTION. ALTHOUGH STUDIES HAVE EVALUATED THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION, FEW HAVE FOCUSED ON LONG-TERM NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, C57BL/6 MICE RECEIVED EITHER THREE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURES OR CONTROL EXPOSURE. STARTING ON POSTNATAL DAY 45, THE MICE WERE EITHER EXPOSED OR NOT TO A CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS (CVS) PARADIGM, AND CVS-RELATED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PERFORMANCE WAS EVALUATED USING A SERIES OF BEHAVIOURAL TESTS. THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HISTONE 3 LYSINE 9 ACETYLATION (ACETYL-H3K9), BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF), CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-BINDING PROTEIN, AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES 1-4 IN THE AMYGDALA WERE MEASURED BY IMMUNOBLOTTING OR IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ANALYSIS. IN MICE WITH NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE, THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BUTYRATE (NAB), A COMMONLY USED HDAC INHIBITOR, WERE EXAMINED ON CVS-RELATED BEHAVIOURAL AND MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT REPEATED NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE DID NOT AFFECT INNATE DEPRESSION-LIKE AND ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURS UNDER NON-STRESS CONDITIONS BUT FACILITATED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE. INCREASED HDAC2 EXPRESSION IN THE AMYGDALA WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN THE CVS-INDUCED REPRESSION OF ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION AND AN ENHANCED CVS-EVOKED ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOURAL PHENOTYPE IN MICE NEONATAL ISOFLURANE EXPOSURE. NAB SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE CVS-INDUCED ANXIETY LEVEL BY ELEVATING ACETYL-H3K9 AND BDNF EXPRESSION. THESE RESULTS SUGGESTED THAT EARLY ANAESTHESIA EXPOSURE FACILITATED CHRONIC STRESS-INDUCED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC OUTCOMES, AND THE HDAC2-RELATED EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF BDNF GENE EXPRESSION IS INVOLVED IN THE UNDERLYING MECHANISM.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8 2470  35 EPIGENETIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 3 CONTRIBUTES TO LONG-LASTING NEUROPATHIC PAIN. A MULTIPLEX ANALYSIS FOR PROFILING THE EXPRESSION OF CANDIDATE GENES ALONG WITH EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION MAY LEAD TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX MACHINERY OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE FOUND THAT PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION MOST REMARKABLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 3 (MCP-3, KNOWN AS CCL7) A TOTAL OF 33 541 GENES IN THE SPINAL CORD, WHICH LASTED FOR 4 WEEKS. THIS INCREASE IN MCP-3 GENE TRANSCRIPTION WAS ACCOMPANIED BY THE DECREASED TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT LYS27 AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER. THE INCREASED MCP-3 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH ITS EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OBSERVED IN THE SPINAL CORD WAS ALMOST ABOLISHED IN INTERLEUKIN 6 KNOCKOUT MICE WITH PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION. CONSISTENT WITH THESE FINDINGS, A SINGLE INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OF INTERLEUKIN 6 SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED MCP-3 MESSENGER RNA WITH A DECREASE IN THE LEVEL OF LYS27 TRIMETHYLATION OF HISTONE H3 AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER IN THE SPINAL CORD OF MICE. FURTHERMORE, DELETION OF THE C-C CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR TYPE 2 (CCR2) GENE, WHICH ENCODES A RECEPTOR FOR MCP-3, FAILED TO AFFECT THE ACCELERATION OF MCP-3 EXPRESSION IN THE SPINAL CORD AFTER PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION. A ROBUST INCREASE IN MCP-3 PROTEIN, WHICH LASTED FOR UP TO 2 WEEKS AFTER SURGERY, IN THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD OF MICE WITH PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION WAS SEEN MOSTLY IN ASTROCYTES, BUT NOT MICROGLIA OR NEURONS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE INCREASES IN BOTH MICROGLIA AND ASTROCYTES IN THE SPINAL CORD BY PARTIAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION WERE MOSTLY ABOLISHED IN INTERLEUKIN 6 KNOCKOUT MICE. MOREOVER, THIS INCREASE IN MICROGLIA WAS ALMOST ABOLISHED BY CCR2 GENE DELETION, WHEREAS THE INCREASE IN ASTROCYTES WAS NOT AFFECTED IN NERVE-LIGATED MICE THAT LACKED THE CCR2 GENE. WE ALSO FOUND THAT EITHER IN VIVO OR IN VITRO TREATMENT WITH MCP-3 CAUSED ROBUST MICROGLIA ACTIVATION. UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, INTRATHECAL ADMINISTRATION OF MCP-3 ANTIBODY SUPPRESSED THE INCREASE IN MICROGLIA WITHIN THE MOUSE SPINAL CORD AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN-LIKE BEHAVIOURS AFTER NERVE INJURY. WITH THE USE OF A FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ANALYSIS, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT A SINGLE INTRATHECAL INJECTION OF MCP-3 INDUCED DRAMATIC INCREASES IN SIGNAL INTENSITY IN PAIN-RELATED BRAIN REGIONS. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT INCREASED MCP-3 EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH INTERLEUKIN 6 DEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AT THE MCP-3 PROMOTER AFTER NERVE INJURY, MOSTLY IN SPINAL ASTROCYTES, MAY SERVE TO FACILITATE ASTROCYTE-MICROGLIA INTERACTION IN THE SPINAL CORD AND COULD PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN THE NEUROPATHIC PAIN-LIKE STATE.	2013	

9 5339  29 QUETIAPINE TREATMENT REVERSES DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCES DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY INDUCED BY MATERNAL DEPRIVATION. STRESS IN EARLY LIFE HAS BEEN APPOINTED AS AN IMPORTANT PHENOMENON IN THE ONSET OF DEPRESSION AND POOR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH CLASSICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS. FURTHERMORE, CHILDHOOD TRAUMA TRIGGERS EPIGENETIC CHANGES, WHICH ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD). TREATMENT WITH ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS SUCH AS QUETIAPINE, EXERTS THERAPEUTIC EFFECT FOR MDD PATIENTS AND INDUCES EPIGENETIC CHANGES. THIS STUDY AIMED TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH QUETIAPINE (20MG/KG) ON DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF RATS SUBMITTED TO MATERNAL DEPRIVATION (MD), AS WELL AS THE ACTIVITY OF HISTONE ACETYLATION BY THE ENZYMES HISTONE ACETYL TRANSFERASES (HAT) AND DEACETYLASES (HDAC) AND DNA METHYLATION, THROUGH DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE ENZYME (DNMT) IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC), NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) AND HIPPOCAMPUS. MATERNALLY DEPRIVED RATS HAD A DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN THE FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND AN INCREASE IN THE HDAC AND DNMT ACTIVITIES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND NAC. TREATMENT WITH QUETIAPINE REVERSED DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND REDUCED THE DNMT ACTIVITY IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. THIS IS THE FIRST STUDY TO SHOW THE ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECT OF QUETIAPINE IN ANIMALS SUBJECTED TO MD AND A PROTECTIVE EFFECT BY QUETIAPINE IN REDUCING EPIGENETIC CHANGES INDUCED BY STRESS IN EARLY LIFE. THESE RESULTS REINFORCE AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF QUETIAPINE AS THERAPY FOR MDD.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
10 3370  40 HISTONE MODIFICATION OF NEDD4 UBIQUITIN LIGASE CONTROLS THE LOSS OF AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY REPEATED STRESS. STRESS AND THE MAJOR STRESS HORMONE CORTICOSTERONE INDUCE PROFOUND INFLUENCES IN THE BRAIN. ALTERED HISTONE MODIFICATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSFUNCTION HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN STRESS-RELATED MENTAL DISORDERS. WE PREVIOUSLY FOUND THAT REPEATED STRESS CAUSED AN IMPAIRMENT OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC)-MEDIATED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS BY INCREASING THE UBIQUITINATION AND DEGRADATION OF AMPA-TYPE GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS VIA A MECHANISM DEPENDING ON THE E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE NEDD4. HERE, WE DEMONSTRATED THAT IN PFC OF REPEATEDLY STRESSED RATS, ACTIVE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR HAD THE INCREASED BINDING TO THE GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE ELEMENT OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2 (HDAC2) PROMOTER, RESULTING IN THE UPREGULATION OF HDAC2. INHIBITION OR KNOCK-DOWN OF HDAC2 BLOCKED THE STRESS-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION, AMPAR EXPRESSION, AND RECOGNITION MEMORY. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT, IN STRESSED ANIMALS, THE HDAC2-DEPENDENT DOWNREGULATION OF HISTONE METHYLTRANSFERASE EHMT2 (G9A) LED TO THE LOSS OF REPRESSIVE HISTONE METHYLATION AT THE NEDD4-1 PROMOTER AND THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF NEDD4. THESE RESULTS HAVE PROVIDED AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM AND A POTENTIAL TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC STRESS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PROLONGED STRESS EXPOSURE CAN INDUCE ALTERED HISTONE MODIFICATION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL DYSFUNCTION, WHICH MAY UNDERLIE THE PROFOUND INFLUENCE OF STRESS IN REGULATING BRAIN FUNCTIONS. WE REPORT AN IMPORTANT FINDING ABOUT THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISM CONTROLLING THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF REPEATED STRESS ON SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION. FIRST, IT HAS REVEALED THE STRESS-INDUCED ALTERATION OF KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATORS HDAC2 AND EHMT2, WHICH DETERMINES THE SYNAPTIC AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF REPEATED STRESS. SECOND, IT HAS UNCOVERED THE STRESS-INDUCED HISTONE MODIFICATION OF THE TARGET GENE NEDD4, AN E3 LIGASE THAT IS CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN THE UBIQUITINATION AND DEGRADATION OF AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITION. THIRD, IT HAS PROVIDED THE EPIGENETIC APPROACH, HDAC2 INHIBITION OR KNOCK-DOWN, TO RESCUE SYNAPTIC AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN STRESSED ANIMALS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
11 4499  27 MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL PRODUCES ERK-DEPENDENT AND ERK-INDEPENDENT EPIGENETIC MARKS IN NEURONS OF THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AND LATERAL SEPTUM. EPIGENETIC CHANGES SUCH AS COVALENT MODIFICATIONS OF HISTONE PROTEINS REPRESENT COMPLEX MOLECULAR SIGNATURES THAT PROVIDE A CELLULAR MEMORY OF PREVIOUSLY EXPERIENCED STIMULI WITHOUT IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES OF THE GENETIC CODE. IN THIS STUDY WE SHOW THAT NEW GENE EXPRESSION INDUCED IN VIVO BY MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL OCCURS WITH CONCOMITANT EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN BRAIN REGIONS CRITICALLY INVOLVED IN DRUG-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT NALOXONE-PRECIPITATED WITHDRAWAL, BUT NOT CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION, CAUSED A STRONG INDUCTION OF PHOSPHO-HISTONE H3 IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) SHELL/CORE AND IN THE LATERAL SEPTUM (LS), A CHANGE THAT WAS ACCOMPANIED BY AUGMENTED H3 ACETYLATION (LYS14) IN NEURONS OF THE NAC SHELL. MORPHINE WITHDRAWAL INDUCED THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE EPIGENETIC FACTOR METHYL-CPG-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (MECP2) IN SER421 BOTH IN THE LS AND THE NAC SHELL. THESE EPIGENETIC CHANGES WERE ACCOMPANIED BY THE ACTIVATION OF MEMBERS OF THE ERK PATHWAY AS WELL AS INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES (IEG) C-FOS AND ACTIVITY-REGULATED CYTOSKELETON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (ARC/ARG3.1). USING A PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH, WE FOUND THAT H3 PHOSPHORYLATION AND IEG EXPRESSION WERE PARTIALLY DEPENDENT ON ERK ACTIVATION, WHILE MECP2 PHOSPHORYLATION WAS FULLY ERK-INDEPENDENT. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE NEW IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE ROLE OF THE ERK PATHWAY IN THE REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MARKS AND GENE EXPRESSION THAT MAY CONCUR TO REGULATE IN VIVO THE CELLULAR CHANGES UNDERLYING THE ONSET OF THE OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME.	2013	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
12 2203  34 EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF SPINAL MIR-219 EXPRESSION REGULATES CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN BY TARGETING CAMKIIGAMMA. EMERGING EVIDENCE HAS SHOWN THAT MIRNA-MEDIATED GENE EXPRESSION MODULATION CONTRIBUTES TO CHRONIC PAIN, BUT ITS FUNCTIONAL REGULATORY MECHANISM REMAINS UNKNOWN. HERE, WE FOUND THAT COMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT (CFA)-INDUCED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION PAIN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED MIRNA-219 (MIR-219) EXPRESSION IN MICE SPINAL NEURONS. FURTHERMORE, THE EXPRESSION OF SPINAL CAMKIIGAMMA, AN EXPERIMENTALLY VALIDATED TARGET OF MIR-219, WAS INCREASED IN CFA MICE. OVEREXPRESSION OF SPINAL MIR-219 PREVENTED AND REVERSED THERMAL HYPERALGESIA AND MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AND SPINAL NEURONAL SENSITIZATION INDUCED BY CFA. CONCURRENTLY, INCREASED EXPRESSION OF SPINAL CAMKIIGAMMA WAS REVERSED BY MIR-219 OVEREXPRESSION. DOWNREGULATION OF SPINAL MIR-219 IN NAIVE MICE INDUCED PAIN-RESPONSIVE BEHAVIORS AND INCREASED P-NMDAR1 EXPRESSION, WHICH COULD BE INHIBITED BY KNOCKDOWN OF CAMKIIGAMMA. BISULFITE SEQUENCING SHOWED THAT CFA INDUCED THE HYPERMETHYLATION OF CPG ISLANDS IN THE MIR-219 PROMOTER. TREATMENT WITH DEMETHYLATION AGENT 5'-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE MARKEDLY ATTENUATED PAIN BEHAVIOR AND SPINAL NEURONAL SENSITIZATION, WHICH WAS ACCOMPANIED WITH THE INCREASE OF SPINAL MIR-219 AND DECREASE OF CAMKIIGAMMA EXPRESSION. TOGETHER, WE CONCLUDE THAT METHYLATION-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION OF SPINAL MIR-219 EXPRESSION REGULATES CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PAIN BY TARGETING CAMKIIGAMMA.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
13 5832  25 STRESS-INDUCED EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL MKP-1 PROMOTE PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. STRESS-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ALTERATION OVER THE HOMEOSTATIC RANGE IN STRESS HORMONE-SENSITIVE BRAIN REGIONS IS BELIEVED TO UNDERLIE LONG-LASTING DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. HOWEVER, THE DETAILED MECHANISMS BY WHICH CHRONIC STRESS CAUSES THOSE ADAPTIVE CHANGES ARE NOT CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED WHETHER EPIGENETIC CHANGES REGULATE STRESS-INDUCED DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC STRESS IN MICE DOWNREGULATES THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. A SERIES OF FOLLOW-UP ANALYSES INCLUDING CHIP ASSAY AND SIRNA-MEDIATED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES REVEAL THAT GLUCOCORTICOIDS RELEASED BY STRESS CUMULATIVELY INCREASE MKP-1 EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS, AND INCREASED MKP-1 THEN DEBILITATES P-CREB AND PPARGAMMA, WHICH IN TURN SUPPRESS THE EPIGENETIC FACTORS HDAC2 AND SUV39H1. FURTHERMORE, HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 NORMALLY SUPPRESS THE TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MKP-1, AND THEREFORE THE REDUCED EXPRESSION OF HDAC2 AND SUV39H1 INCREASES MKP-1 EXPRESSION. ACCORDINGLY, REPEATED STRESS PROGRESSIVELY STRENGTHENS A VICIOUS CYCLE OF THE MKP-1 SIGNALING CASCADE THAT FACILITATES DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE HIPPOCAMPAL STRESS ADAPTATION SYSTEM COMPRISING HDAC2/SUV39H1-REGULATED MKP-1 SIGNALING NETWORK DETERMINES THE VULNERABILITY TO CHRONIC STRESS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF DEPRESSIVE BEHAVIORS.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
14 5152  29 PPM1F IN DENTATE GYRUS MODULATES ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS BY REGULATING BDNF EXPRESSION VIA AKT/JNK/P-H3S10 PATHWAY. ANXIETY IS A SERIOUS PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER, WITH A HIGHER INCIDENCE RATE IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN. PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE MG(2+)/MN(2+)-DEPENDENT 1F (PPM1F), A SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASE, HAS BEEN SHOWN TO HAVE MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR FUNCTIONS. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF PPM1F AND ITS NEURONAL SUBSTRATES ON ANXIETY REMAIN LARGELY UNCLEAR. IN THIS STUDY, WE SHOWED THAT CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS (CRS) INDUCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS ONLY IN FEMALE MICE, WHILE ACUTE RESTRAINT STRESS (ARS) PRODUCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS IN BOTH MALE AND FEMALE MICE IN LIGHT-DARK AND ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TESTS AND INDUCED UPREGULATION OF PPM1F AND DOWNREGULATION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS. ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUS-MEDIATED OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F OR CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT OF BDNF IN DENTATE GYRUS (DG) LED TO A MORE PRONOUNCED ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE THAN IN MALE MICE AS INDICATED BY THE BEHAVIORAL EVALUATIONS. MEANWHILE, OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F IN THE DG DECREASED TOTAL BDNF EXON-SPECIFIC MESSENGER RNA EXPRESSION IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS WITH THE DECREASED BINDING ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHORYLATED H3S10 TO ITS INDIVIDUAL PROMOTERS IN FEMALE MICE. FURTHERMORE, WE IDENTIFIED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF PPM1F DECREASED THE PHOSPHORYLATION LEVELS OF AKT AND JNK IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF FEMALE MICE. THESE RESULTS MAY SUGGEST THAT PPM1F REGULATES ANXIETY-RELATED BEHAVIORS BY MODULATING BDNF EXPRESSION AND H3S10 PHOSPHORYLATION-MEDIATED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION, WHICH MAY BE SERVED AS POTENTIALLY PATHOLOGICAL GENES ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY OR OTHER MENTAL DISEASES.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
15 2672  29 ETHANOL-INDUCED EPIGENETIC REGULATIONS AT THE BDNF GENE IN C57BL/6J MICE. HIGH ETHANOL INTAKE IS WELL KNOWN TO INDUCE BOTH ANXIOLYTIC AND ANXIOGENIC EFFECTS, IN CORRELATION WITH CHROMATIN REMODELING IN THE AMYGDALOID BRAIN REGION AND DEFICITS IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND SURVIVAL IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RODENTS. WHETHER ONLY MODERATE BUT CHRONIC ETHANOL INTAKE IN C57BL/6J MICE COULD ALSO HAVE AN IMPACT ON CHROMATIN REMODELING AND NEUROPLASTICITY WAS ADDRESSED HERE. CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN A FREE CHOICE PARADIGM WAS FOUND TO INDUCE MARKED CHANGES IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES IMPLICATED IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENT AND HISTONE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN THE MOUSE HIPPOCAMPUS. TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING NEURAL BHLH ACTIVATORS AND THOSE FROM BDNF EXONS II, III AND VI WERE UPREGULATED, WHEREAS THOSE FROM BDNF EXON VIII AND HDACS WERE DOWNREGULATED BY ETHANOL COMPARED WITH WATER CONSUMPTION. THESE ETHANOL-INDUCED CHANGES WERE ASSOCIATED WITH ENRICHMENT IN BOTH ACETYLATED H3 AT BDNF PROMOTER PVI AND TRIMETHYLATED H3 AT PII AND PIII. CONVERSELY, ACETYLATED H3 AT PIII AND PVIII AND TRIMETHYLATED H3 AT PVIII WERE DECREASED IN ETHANOL-EXPOSED MICE. IN PARALLEL, HIPPOCAMPAL BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) LEVELS AND TRKB-MEDIATED NEUROGENESIS IN THE DENTATE GYRUS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCED BY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT, IN C57BL/6J MICE, CHRONIC AND MODERATE ETHANOL INTAKE PRODUCES MARKED EPIGENETIC CHANGES UNDERLYING BDNF OVEREXPRESSION AND DOWNSTREAM HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
16 3833  35 INVOLVEMENT OF THE DYNORPHIN/KOR SYSTEM ON THE NOCICEPTIVE, EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE MANIFESTATIONS OF JOINT PAIN IN MICE. JOINT PAIN IS A MAJOR CLINICAL PROBLEM MAINLY ASSOCIATED TO OSTEOARTHRITIS, AND CHARACTERIZED BY ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEGRADATION RESULTING IN A COMPLEX CHRONIC PAIN STATE THAT INCLUDES NOCICEPTIVE, EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE MANIFESTATIONS. MEMORY IMPAIRMENT, DEPRESSIVE- AND ANXIETY-LIKE SYMPTOMS HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN, LEADING TO A DECREASE OF LIFE QUALITY. IN THIS STUDY, WE EVALUATED THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE ENDOGENOUS DYNORPHIN/KAPPA OPIOID RECEPTOR (KOR) SYSTEM ON THE NOCICEPTIVE, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, NEUROCHEMICAL AND EPIGENETIC MANIFESTATIONS OF JOINT PAIN. THE MURINE MODEL OF MONOSODIUM IODOACETATE (MIA) WAS USED TO INDUCE JOINT PAIN IN KNOCKOUT MICE FOR KOR (KOR-KO), PRODYNORPHIN (PDYN-KO) AND THEIR WILD-TYPE (WT) LITTERMATES. KOR-KO AND PDYN-KO MICE DEVELOPED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA AFTER INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION OF MIA. THIS ALLODYNIA WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN BOTH KOR-KO AND PDYN-KO WHEN COMPARED TO WT MICE. ACCORDINGLY, BOTH MUTANTS SHOWED INCREASED MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION ON THE LUMBAR SECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD AFTER MIA. THE EMOTIONAL RESPONSES WERE EVALUATED BY MEASURING ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE AND ANHEDONIA AS DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, AND COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE OBJECT RECOGNITION PARADIGM. EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AFTER JOINT PAIN WERE DIFFERENTLY MODIFIED IN KOR-KO AND PDYN-KO MICE. ALTERATIONS OF CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) ON THE AMYGDALA AND HIPPOCAMPUS AND DOWN REGULATION OF HISTONE 3 ACETYLATION ON THE AMYGDALA SUGGEST A POSSIBLE MECHANISM TO EXPLAIN THESE EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE MANIFESTATIONS. OUR RESULTS REVEAL A SPECIFIC INVOLVEMENT OF THE DYNORPHIN/KOR SYSTEM ON JOINT PAIN MANIFESTATIONS THAT ARE USUALLY ASSOCIATED TO OSTEOARTHRITIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
17  889  27 CHRONIC DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VALPROIC ACID PROTECTS NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS FROM IBOTENIC ACID NEUROTOXICITY. VALPROIC ACID (VPA) HAS BEEN USED FOR MANY YEARS AS A DRUG OF CHOICE FOR EPILEPSY AND MOOD DISORDERS. RECENTLY, EVIDENCE HAS BEEN PROPOSED FOR A WIDE SPECTRUM OF ACTIONS OF THIS DRUG, INCLUDING ANTITUMORAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. VALPROIC ACID-MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION IN VIVO HAS BEEN SO FAR DEMONSTRATED IN A LIMITED NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE TESTED THE NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CHRONIC (4 + 1 WEEKS) DIETARY ADMINISTRATION OF VPA ON DEGENERATION OF CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS OF THE RAT NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS (NBM), INJECTED WITH THE EXCITOTOXIN, IBOTENIC ACID (IBO), AN ANIMAL MODELS THAT IS RELEVANT FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE-LIKE NEURODEGENERATION. WE SHOW THAT VPA TREATMENT SIGNIFICANTLY PROTECTS BOTH CHOLINERGIC AND GABAERGIC NEURONS PRESENT IN THE INJECTED AREA FROM THE EXCITOTOXIC INSULT. A SIGNIFICANT LEVEL OF NEUROPROTECTION, IN PARTICULAR, IS EXERTED TOWARDS THE CHOLINERGIC NEURONS OF THE NBM PROJECTING TO THE CORTEX, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER LEVELS OF CHOLINERGIC MARKERS MAINTAINED IN THE TARGET CORTICAL AREA OF VPA-TREATED RATS AFTER IBO INJECTION IN THE NBM. WE FURTHER SHOW THAT CHRONIC VPA ADMINISTRATION RESULTS IN INCREASED ACETYLATION OF HISTONE H3 IN BRAIN, CONSISTENT WITH THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF VPA AND PUTATIVELY LINKED TO A NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF THE DRUG MEDIATED AT THE EPIGENETIC LEVEL.	2009	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
18 5713  37 SIRT2 INHIBITION REVERSES ANHEDONIA IN THE VGLUT1+/- DEPRESSION MODEL. SOME HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDACS) ENZYMES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS EPIGENETIC TARGETS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION AND ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE ACTION. AMONG THEM, WE HAVE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED SIRT2, A CLASS III NAD(+)-DEPENDENT HDAC, AS BEING OPPOSITELY REGULATED BY STRESS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS. MOREOVER, SIRT2 INHIBITION HAS SHOWN ANTIANHEDONIC-LIKE ACTION IN THE CHRONIC MILD STRESS MODEL OF DEPRESSION. HERE WE HAVE EXTENDED THE STUDY USING AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL OF DEPRESSION BASED IN A GENETIC MANIPULATION OF GLUTAMATE FUNCTION. SPECIFICALLY, MICE HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER 1 (VGLUT1+/-) WERE USED. FIRSTLY, MRNA EXPRESSION OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE HDAC SUPERFAMILY IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX (PFC) OF VGLUT1+/- MICE AND WT LITTERMATES WERE STUDIED BY RT-PCR. SECONDLY, THE EFFECT OF REPEATED TREATMENT WITH THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I AND THE ANTIDEPRESSANT IMIPRAMINE ON ANHEDONIC BEHAVIOUR OF VGLUT1+/- MICE WAS STUDIED BY WEEKLY MONITORING OF SUCROSE INTAKE. FURTHER, THE INTERACTION OF 33I TOWARDS SPECIFIC MONOAMINERGIC TARGETS SUCH AS SEROTONIN OR NORADRENALINE TRANSPORTERS AS WELL AS THE MONOAMINOOXIDASE ENZYME WAS STUDIED. THE MRNA OCCURANCE OF THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF HDAC SUPERFAMILY WAS NOT ALTERED IN THE PFC OF VGLUT1+/- MICE. WHILE REPEATED IMIPRAMINE SHOWED AN ANTI-ANHEDONIC ACTION IN BOTH VGLUT1+/- AND WT, THE SELECTIVE SIRT2 INHIBITOR 33I FULLY REVERSED ANHEDONIA OF VGLUT1+/-. FURTHER, 33I SHOWED NO INTERACTION WITH THE ABOVE MENTIONED MONOAMINERGIC MOLECULAR TARGETS. THESE RESULTS CONFIRM THAT SIRT2 INHIBITION IS ABLE TO REVERSE ANHEDONIA IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL MODELS AND HIGHLIGHT THE NEED TO FURTHER INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF SIRT2 INHIBITORS AS NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
19 5954  34 TBI-INDUCED NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION IS REGULATED BY HISTONE ACETYLATION. CHRONIC PAIN AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS VERY COMMON, BUT THE MECHANISMS LINKING TBI TO PAIN AND THE PAIN-RELATED INTERACTIONS OF TBI WITH PERIPHERAL INJURIES ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THESE STUDIES WE PURSUED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT TBI PAIN SENSITIZATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HISTONE ACETYLATION IN THE RAT LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION MODEL. SOME ANIMALS RECEIVED HINDPAW INCISIONS IN ADDITION TO TBI TO MIMIC POLYTRAUMA. NEUROPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BRAIN TISSUE FROM SHAM AND TBI ANIMALS REVEALED EVIDENCE OF BLEEDING, BREAKDOWN OF THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, IN THE CORTEX, HIPPOCAMPUS, THALAMUS AND OTHER STRUCTURES RELATED TO PAIN SIGNAL PROCESSING. MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA WAS MEASURED IN THESE ANIMALS FOR UP TO EIGHT WEEKS POST-INJURY. INHIBITORS OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE (HAT) AND HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) WERE USED TO PROBE THE ROLE OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN SUCH PAIN PROCESSING. WE FOLLOWED SERUM MARKERS INCLUDING GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN (GFAP), NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE 2 (NSE) MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN (MBP) AND S100BETA TO GAUGE TBI INJURY SEVERITY. OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT TBI CAUSED MECHANICAL ALLODYNIA IN THE HINDPAWS OF THE RATS LASTING SEVERAL WEEKS. HINDPAWS CONTRALATERAL TO TBI SHOWED MORE RAPID AND PROFOUND SENSITIZATION THAN IPSILATERAL HINDPAWS. THE INHIBITION OF HAT USING CURCUMIN 50 MG/KG S.C REDUCED MECHANICAL SENSITIZATION WHILE THE HDAC INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID 50 MG/KG I.P. PROLONGED SENSITIZATION IN THE TBI RATS. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SPINAL CORD TISSUE LOCALIZED CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF ACETYLATION OF THE H3K9 HISTONE MARK TO DORSAL HORN NEURONS. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT TBI INDUCES SUSTAINED NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIZATION, AND CHANGES IN SPINAL NEURONAL HISTONE PROTEINS MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
20 2667  31 ESTROGEN AND SEROTONIN ENHANCE STRESS-INDUCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY IN FEMALE RATS BY UP-REGULATING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN SPINAL CORD. BACKGROUND: WE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THAT FEMALE OFFSPRING OF DAMS SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC PRENATAL STRESS (CPS) DEVELOP ENHANCED VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY (VHS) FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO CHRONIC STRESS IN ADULT LIFE THAT IS MEDIATED BY UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EXAMINE THE ROLES OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA (ERALPHA) AND AN INCREASE IN SPINAL SEROTONIN SIGNALING IN PROMOTING THIS ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE RATS AND UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD BDNF TRANSCRIPTION. METHODS: PREGNANT DAMS WERE EXPOSED TO CHRONIC STRESS FROM E11 UNTIL DELIVERY. AT 8 WEEKS, A CHRONIC ADULT STRESS (CAS) PROTOCOL WAS APPLIED FOR NINE DAYS. KEY RESULTS: OVARIECTOMY BEFORE CAS OR TREATMENT WITH LETROZOLE BEFORE AND DURING CAS SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED VHS IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. INTRATHECAL APPLICATION OF ERALPHA SIRNA SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED VHS, DECREASED LUMBAR-SACRAL SPINAL CORD EXPRESSION OF BOTH ERALPHA AND BDNF, AND REVERSED PRO-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AT BDNF PROMOTER LX. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SEROTONIN LEVELS AND 5HT3A RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD WERE BOTH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN FEMALE CPS+CAS RATS. DURING CAS, INTRATHECAL INFUSION OF ALOSETRON SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED VHS, REDUCED BDNF AND ERALPHA EXPRESSION IN THE LS SPINAL CORD, AND ATTENUATED RNA POL II AND ERALPHA BINDING TO THE BNDF CORE PROMOTER IX. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: SEROTONIN-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF 5HT3A RECEPTORS IN THE SPINAL CORD DRIVES THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED FEMALE-SPECIFIC VHS IN OUR TWO HIT CPS+CAS THROUGH UP-REGULATION OF SPINAL CORD ERALPHA.	2021