1   26 115 A 6-ALKYLSALICYLATE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR INHIBITS HISTONE ACETYLATION AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION IN MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES. LYSINE ACETYLATIONS ARE POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS OF CELLULAR PROTEINS, THAT ARE CRUCIAL IN THE REGULATION OF MANY CELLULAR PROCESSES. LYSINE ACETYLATIONS ON HISTONE PROTEINS ARE PART OF THE EPIGENETIC CODE REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION AND ARE INSTALLED BY HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES. OBSERVATIONS THAT INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES, SUCH AS ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY INDICATE THAT DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR THESE ENZYMES MIGHT BE A VALUABLE APPROACH TOWARDS NEW THERAPIES FOR THESE DISEASES. THE 6-ALKYLSALICYLATE MG149 IS A CANDIDATE TO EXPLORE THIS HYPOTHESIS BECAUSE IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED TO INHIBIT THE MYST TYPE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES. IN THIS STUDY, WE DETERMINED THE K(I) VALUE FOR INHIBITION OF THE MYST TYPE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE KAT8 BY MG149 TO BE 39 +/- 7.7 MUM. UPON INVESTIGATING WHETHER THE INHIBITION OF HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES BY MG149 CORRELATES WITH INHIBITION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION IN MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES, INHIBITION OF ACETYLATION WAS OBSERVED USING AN LC-MS/MS BASED ASSAY ON HISTONE H4 RES 4-17, WHICH CONTAINS THE TARGET LYSINE OF KAT8. FOLLOWING UP ON THIS, UPON TREATMENT WITH MG149, REDUCED PRO-INFLAMMATORY GENE EXPRESSION WAS OBSERVED IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND INTERFERON GAMMA STIMULATED MURINE PRECISION-CUT LUNG SLICES. BASED ON THIS, WE PROPOSE THAT 6-ALKYLSALICYLATES SUCH AS MG149 HAVE POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASES.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
2  984  30 CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ALTERS GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS PROMOTING CHROMATIN REMODELING, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION. CHRONIC STRESS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED ABDOMINAL PAIN (VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY), BUT THE CELLULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HOW CHRONIC STRESS INDUCES VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION IN COLON EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A RAT MODEL USING RNA-SEQUENCING TO EXAMINE STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES TO THE TRANSCRIPTOME. FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS, THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED GENES INCLUDED ATG16L1, COQ10B, DCAF13, NAT2, PTBP2, RRAS2, SPINK4 AND DOWN-REGULATED GENES INCLUDING ABAT, CITED2, CNNM2, DAB2IP, PLEKHM1, SCD2, AND TAB2. THE PRIMARY ALTERED BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES REVEALED BY NETWORK ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS WERE INFLAMMATION/IMMUNE RESPONSE, TISSUE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT, AND NUCLEOSOME/CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY. THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY DOWN-REGULATED PROCESS WAS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT/FUNCTION, WHEREAS THE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY UP-REGULATED PROCESSES WERE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, ORGANISMAL INJURY, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING MEDIATED BY H3K9 METHYLATION. FURTHERMORE, A SUBPOPULATION OF STRESSED RATS DEMONSTRATED VERY SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPT ISOFORMS, ENRICHED FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INCLUDING UPREGULATION OF CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION COUPLED WITH DOWNREGULATION OF EPITHELIAL ADHERENS AND TIGHT JUNCTION MRNAS. IN SUMMARY, THESE FINDINGS SUPPORT THAT CHRONIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LEVELS OF CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES, THEIR DOWNSTREAM SIGNALING PATHWAYS COUPLED TO DYSREGULATION OF INTESTINAL CELL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION. EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF CHROMATIN REMODELING LIKELY PLAYS A PROMINENT ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. RESULTS ALSO SUGGEST THAT SUPER ENHANCERS PLAY A PRIMARY ROLE IN CHRONIC STRESS-ASSOCIATED INTESTINAL BARRIER DYSFUNCTION.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
3 5474  34 RESTORATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION AMELIORATES DISEASE AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES IN A FUS MOUSE MODEL. DYSREGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS IS EMERGING AS A CENTRAL EVENT IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, INCLUDING AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS). IN MANY MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATION, GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION IS DECREASED IN THE AFFECTED NEURONAL TISSUES. HISTONE ACETYLATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIONS OF TWO PROTEIN FAMILIES -THE HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASES (HATS) AND THE HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS). DRUGS INHIBITING HDAC ACTIVITY ARE ALREADY USED IN THE CLINIC AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EXPLORE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF HDAC INHIBITION IN THE CONTEXT OF ALS. WE DISCOVERED THAT TRANSGENIC MICE OVEREXPRESSING WILD-TYPE FUS ("TG FUS+/+"), WHICH RECAPITULATE MANY ASPECTS OF HUMAN ALS, SHOWED REDUCED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND ALTERATIONS IN METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, RESULTING IN A DYSREGULATED METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS. CHRONIC TREATMENT OF TG FUS+/+ MICE WITH ACY-738, A POTENT HDAC INHIBITOR THAT CAN CROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, AMELIORATED THE MOTOR PHENOTYPE AND SUBSTANTIALLY EXTENDED THE LIFE SPAN OF THE TG FUS+/+ MICE. AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL, ACY-738 RESTORED GLOBAL HISTONE ACETYLATION AND METABOLIC GENE EXPRESSION, THEREBY RE-ESTABLISHING METABOLITE LEVELS IN THE SPINAL CORD. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS LINK EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS TO METABOLIC DYSREGULATION IN ALS PATHOLOGY, AND HIGHLIGHT ACY-738 AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO TREAT THIS DEVASTATING DISEASE.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
4 3468  45 HYPOXIA-INDUCED DNA HYPERMETHYLATION IN HUMAN PULMONARY FIBROBLASTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PRO-FIBROTIC PHENOTYPE. BACKGROUND: PULMONARY FIBROSIS IS A DEBILITATING AND LETHAL DISEASE WITH NO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS. UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT PLAY WILL DIRECT THE APPLICATION OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AVENUES. HYPOXIA HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY FIBROSIS YET THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH IT CONTRIBUTES TO DISEASE PROGRESSION REMAINS TO BE FULLY ELUCIDATED. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA CAN ALTER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS IN TUMOUR-DERIVED CELL LINES. THIS EPIGENETIC ALTERATION CAN INDUCE CHANGES IN CELLULAR PHENOTYPE WITH PROMOTER METHYLATION BEING ASSOCIATED WITH GENE SILENCING. OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE TO IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS (IPF) IS THE OBSERVATION THAT THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A MYOFIBROBLAST PHENOTYPE WHERE LOSS OF THY-1 OCCURS ALONGSIDE INCREASED ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN (ALPHA-SMA) EXPRESSION. THE INITIAL AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER HYPOXIA REGULATES DNA METHYLATION IN NORMAL HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS (CCD19LU). AS IT HAS BEEN REPORTED THAT HYPOXIA SUPPRESSES THY-1 EXPRESSION DURING LUNG DEVELOPMENT WE ALSO STUDIED THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON THY-1 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION. METHODS: CCD19LU WERE GROWN FOR UP TO 8 DAYS IN HYPOXIA AND ASSESSED FOR GLOBAL CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION USING FLOW CYTOMETRY. REAL-TIME PCR WAS USED TO QUANTIFY EXPRESSION OF THY-1, ALPHA-SMA, COLLAGEN I AND III. GENOMIC DNA WAS BISULPHITE TREATED AND METHYLATION SPECIFIC PCR (MSPCR) WAS USED TO EXAMINE THE METHYLATION STATUS OF THE THY-1 PROMOTER. RESULTS: SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL HYPERMETHYLATION WAS DETECTED IN HYPOXIC FIBROBLASTS RELATIVE TO NORMOXIC CONTROLS AND WAS ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASED EXPRESSION OF MYOFIBROBLAST MARKERS. THY-1 MRNA EXPRESSION WAS SUPPRESSED IN HYPOXIC CELLS, WHICH WAS RESTORED WITH THE DEMETHYLATING AGENT 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE. MSPCR REVEALED THAT THY-1 BECAME METHYLATED FOLLOWING FIBROBLAST EXPOSURE TO 1% O2. CONCLUSION: THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT GLOBAL AND GENE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION MAY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FIBROBLAST FUNCTION IN HYPOXIA.	2012	
                                                                                                                                     
5 3390  33 HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS INDUCED EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION AND CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY. PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (PLWH) HAVE TO TAKE AN ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) FOR LIFE AND SHOW NONCOMMUNICABLE ILLNESSES SUCH AS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, AND MULTIORGAN DYSREGULATION. RECENT STUDIES SUGGEST THAT LONG-TERM USE OF ART INDUCES COMORBID CONDITIONS AND IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE IN PLWH. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS (ARVS) INDUCED HEART FAILURE IS UNCLEAR. TO DETERMINE THE MECHANISM OF ARVS INDUCED CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION, WE PERFORMED GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING OF ARVS TREATED NEONATAL RAT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOCYTES IN CULTURE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED BY RNA-SEQUENCING. OUR DATA SHOW THAT ARVS TREATMENT CAUSES UPREGULATION OF SEVERAL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOTOXICITY, HYPERTROPHY, AND HEART FAILURE. GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION DATA WERE VALIDATED IN CARDIAC TISSUE ISOLATED FROM HIV PATIENTS HAVING A HISTORY OF ART. INTERESTINGLY, WE FOUND THAT HOMEODOMAIN-ONLY PROTEIN HOMEOBOX (HOPX) EXPRESSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN CARDIOMYOCYTES TREATED WITH ARVS AND IN THE HEART TISSUE OF HIV PATIENTS. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ARVS MEDIATED CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY. MECHANISTICALLY, WE FOUND THAT HOPX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION, THROUGH DEACETYLATION OF HISTONE, WHILE THE HDAC INHIBITOR, TRICHOSTATIN A, CAN RESTORE THE ACETYLATION LEVEL OF HISTONE 3 IN THE PRESENCE OF ARVS.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
6 5153  27 PPP2R2B HYPERMETHYLATION CAUSES ACQUIRED APOPTOSIS DEFICIENCY IN SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAUSES TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. THE FACTORS THAT ALLOW THIS PROTRACTED RESPONSE ARE POORLY UNDERSTOOD. WE ANALYZED THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF PPP2R2B (B55SS), A MOLECULE NECESSARY FOR THE TERMINATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE, IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF B55SS CONDITIONED RESISTANCE TO CYTOKINE WITHDRAWAL-INDUCED DEATH (CWID) IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. THE IMPAIRED UPREGULATION OF B55SS WAS CAUSED BY INFLAMMATION-DRIVEN HYPERMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC CYTOSINES LOCATED WITHIN A REGULATORY ELEMENT OF PPP2R2B PREVENTING CTCF BINDING. THIS PHENOTYPE COULD BE INDUCED IN HEALTHY T CELLS BY EXPOSURE TO TNF-ALPHA. OUR RESULTS REVEAL A GENE WHOSE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY AN ACQUIRED DEFECT, THROUGH AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM, IN THE SETTING OF SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNITY. BECAUSE FAILURE TO REMOVE ACTIVATED T CELLS THROUGH CWID COULD CONTRIBUTE TO AUTOIMMUNE PATHOLOGY, THIS MECHANISM ILLUSTRATES A VICIOUS CYCLE THROUGH WHICH AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATION CONTRIBUTES TO ITS OWN PERPETUATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
7  662  32 BLOOD MONOCYTE TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME ANALYSES REVEAL LOCI ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. LITTLE IS KNOWN REGARDING THE EPIGENETIC BASIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. HERE WE PRESENT THE CD14+ BLOOD MONOCYTE TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS. THE TRANSCRIPTOME SIGNATURE INCLUDES TRANSCRIPTION COACTIVATOR, ARID5B, WHICH IS KNOWN TO FORM A CHROMATIN DEREPRESSOR COMPLEX WITH A HISTONE H3K9ME2-SPECIFIC DEMETHYLASE AND PROMOTE ADIPOGENESIS AND SMOOTH MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT. ARID5B CPG (CG25953130) METHYLATION IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH ARID5B EXPRESSION AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CONSISTENT WITH THIS CPG RESIDING IN AN ARID5B ENHANCER REGION, BASED ON CHROMATIN CAPTURE AND HISTONE MARKS DATA. MEDIATION ANALYSIS SUPPORTS ASSUMPTIONS THAT ARID5B EXPRESSION MEDIATES EFFECTS OF CG25953130 METHYLATION AND SEVERAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS ON ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN. IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-STIMULATED HUMAN THP1 MONOCYTES, ARID5B KNOCKDOWN REDUCED EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELATED INFLAMMATORY AND LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS, AND INHIBITED CELL MIGRATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS. THESE DATA SUGGEST THAT ARID5B EXPRESSION, POSSIBLY REGULATED BY AN EPIGENETICALLY CONTROLLED ENHANCER, PROMOTES ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY DYSREGULATING IMMUNOMETABOLISM TOWARDS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PHENOTYPE.THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS MEDIATING THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS ARE UNCLEAR. HERE, THE AUTHORS EXAMINE CD14+ BLOOD MONOCYTE'S TRANSCRIPTOME AND EPIGENOME SIGNATURES TO FIND DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION OF ARID5B TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
8 3049  26 GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS REVEALS ZINC TRANSPORTER ZIP9 REGULATED BY DNA METHYLATION PROMOTES RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS VIA THE TGF-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY. RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IS A DETRIMENTAL AND CHRONIC DISORDER THAT OCCURS AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE. DNA METHYLATION HAS BEEN CHARACTERIZED AS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY MECHANISM OF MULTIPLE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPARED THE GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION STATUS IN RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN AND ADJACENT NORMAL TISSUES OF RATS BY METHYLATED DNA IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING. RADIATION-INDUCED FIBROTIC SKIN SHOWED DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 3,650 PROTEIN-CODING GENES, 72 MICRORNAS, 5,836 LONG NONCODING RNAS AND 3 PIWI-INTERACTING RNAS. BY INTEGRATING THE MRNA AND METHYLATION PROFILES, THE ZINC TRANSPORTER SLC39A9/ZIP9 WAS INVESTIGATED IN GREATER DETAIL. THE PROTEIN LEVEL OF ZIP9 WAS INCREASED IN IRRADIATED SKIN TISSUES OF HUMANS, MONKEYS, AND RATS, ESPECIALLY IN RADIOGENIC FIBROTIC SKIN TISSUES. RADIATION INDUCED THE DEMETHYLATION OF A CPG DINUCLEOTIDE IN EXON 1 OF ZIP9 THAT RESULTED IN RECRUITMENT OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR SP1 AND INCREASED ZIP9 EXPRESSION. OVEREXPRESSION OF ZIP9 RESULTED IN ACTIVATION OF THE PROFIBROTIC TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY THROUGH PROTEIN KINASE B IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. IN ADDITION, RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ZINC ACCUMULATION. THE ZINC CHELATOR N,N,N',N'-TETRAKIS(2-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-1,2-ETHYLENEDIAMINE ABROGATED ZIP9-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA SIGNALING PATHWAY AND ATTENUATED RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS IN A RAT MODEL. IN SUMMARY, OUR FINDINGS ILLUSTRATE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ZIP9 AND ITS CRITICAL ROLE IN PROMOTING RADIATION-INDUCED SKIN FIBROSIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
9 3327  30 HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4 PROMOTES CHOLESTATIC LIVER INJURY IN THE ABSENCE OF PROHIBITIN-1. PROHIBITIN-1 (PHB1) IS AN EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED PLEIOTROPIC PROTEIN THAT PARTICIPATES IN DIVERSE PROCESSES DEPENDING ON ITS SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND INTERACTOME. RECENT DATA HAVE INDICATED A DIVERSE ROLE FOR PHB1 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY, CANCER, AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, AMONG OTHERS. DATA PRESENTED HERE SUGGEST THAT PHB1 IS ALSO LINKED TO CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE. EXPRESSION OF PHB1 IS MARKEDLY REDUCED IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND BILIARY ATRESIA OR WITH ALAGILLE SYNDROME, TWO MAJOR PEDIATRIC CHOLESTATIC CONDITIONS. IN THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF BILE DUCT LIGATION, SILENCING OF PHB1 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS, REDUCED ANIMAL SURVIVAL, AND INDUCED BILE DUCT PROLIFERATION. IMPORTANTLY, THE MODULATORY EFFECT OF PHB1 IS NOT DEPENDENT ON ITS KNOWN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION. ALSO, PHB1 INTERACTS WITH HISTONE DEACETYLASE 4 (HDAC4) IN THE PRESENCE OF BILE ACIDS. HENCE, PHB1 DEPLETION LEADS TO INCREASED NUCLEAR HDAC4 CONTENT AND ITS ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC CHANGES. REMARKABLY, HDAC4 SILENCING AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE HDAC INHIBITOR PARTHENOLIDE DURING OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLESTASIS IN VIVO PROMOTE GENOMIC REPROGRAMMING, LEADING TO REGRESSION OF THE FIBROTIC PHENOTYPE IN LIVER-SPECIFIC PHB1 KNOCKOUT MICE. CONCLUSION: PHB1 IS AN IMPORTANT MEDIATOR OF CHOLESTATIC LIVER INJURY THAT REGULATES THE ACTIVITY OF HDAC4, WHICH CONTROLS SPECIFIC EPIGENETIC MARKERS; THESE RESULTS IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NOVEL STRATEGIES TO TREAT LIVER INJURY AND FIBROSIS, PARTICULARLY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CHRONIC CHOLESTASIS.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
10 6294  23 THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TNFALPHA INDUCES DNA DEMETHYLATION-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF INTERLEUKIN-32 EXPRESSION. IL-32 IS A CYTOKINE INVOLVED IN PROINFLAMMATORY IMMUNE RESPONSES TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC EVENTS IN THE REGULATION OF IL-32 GENE EXPRESSION IS UNDERSTUDIED. HERE WE SHOW THAT IL-32 IS REPRESSED BY DNA METHYLATION IN HEK293 CELLS. USING CHIP SEQUENCING, LOCUS-SPECIFIC METHYLATION ANALYSIS, CRISPR/CAS9-MEDIATED GENOME EDITING, AND RT-QPCR (QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR) AND IMMUNOBLOT ASSAYS, WE FOUND THAT SHORT-TERM TREATMENT (A FEW HOURS) WITH THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFALPHA) ACTIVATES IL-32 IN A DNA DEMETHYLATION-INDEPENDENT MANNER. IN CONTRAST, PROLONGED TNFALPHA TREATMENT (SEVERAL DAYS) INDUCED DNA DEMETHYLATION AT THE PROMOTER AND A CPG ISLAND IN THE IL-32 GENE IN A TET (TEN-ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION) FAMILY ENZYME- AND NF-KAPPAB-DEPENDENT MANNER. NOTABLY, THE HYPOMETHYLATION STATUS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN IL-32 WAS MAINTAINED FOR A LONG TIME (SEVERAL WEEKS), CAUSING ELEVATED IL-32 EXPRESSION EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF TNFALPHA. CONSIDERING THAT IL-32 CAN, IN TURN, INDUCE TNFALPHA EXPRESSION, WE SPECULATE THAT SUCH FEEDFORWARD EVENTS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE TRANSITION FROM AN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
11 3465  35 HYPOTHESIS: REGULATION OF NEUROPLASTICITY MAY INVOLVE I-MOTIF AND G-QUADRUPLEX DNA FORMATION MODULATED BY EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. RECENT STUDIES DEMONSTRATED THE EXISTENCE IN VIVO OF VARIOUS FUNCTIONAL DNA STRUCTURES THAT DIFFER FROM THE DOUBLE HELIX. THE G-QUADRUPLEX (G4) AND INTERCALATED MOTIF (I-MOTIF OR IM) DNA STRUCTURES ARE FORMED AS KNOTS WHERE, CORRESPONDINGLY, GUANINES OR CYTOSINES ON THE SAME STRAND OF DNA BIND TO EACH OTHER. THERE ARE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE THAT G4 AND IM SEQUENCES PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION CONSIDERING THEIR TENDENCY TO BE FOUND IN OR NEAR REGULATORY SITES (SUCH AS PROMOTERS, ENHANCERS, AND TELOMERES) AS WELL AS THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE PREVALENCE OF G4 OR IM CONFORMATIONS AND SPECIFIC PHASES OF CELL CYCLE. NOTABLY, G4 AND IM CAPABLE SEQUENCES TEND TO BE FOUND ON THE OPPOSITE STRANDS OF THE SAME DNA SITE WITH AT MOST ONE OF THE TWO STRUCTURES FORMED AT ANY GIVEN TIME. THE RECENT EVIDENCE THAT K(+), MG(2+) CONCENTRATIONS DIRECTLY AFFECT IM FORMATION (AND LIKELY G4 FORMATION INDIRECTLY) LEAD US TO BELIEVE THAT THESE STRUCTURES MAY PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF NEURONS, AND, THEREFORE, IN A VARIETY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) FUNCTIONS INCLUDING MEMORY, LEARNING, HABITUAL BEHAVIORS, PAIN PERCEPTION AND OTHERS. FURTHERMORE, EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS, WHICH HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND MEMORY FORMATION, WERE ALSO SHOWN TO INFLUENCE FORMATION AND STABILITY OF G4S AND IMS. OUR HYPOTHESIS IS THAT NON-CANONICAL DNA AND RNA STRUCTURES COULD BE AN INTEGRAL PART OF NEUROPLASTICITY CONTROL VIA GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION AT THE LEVEL OF TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION AND SPLICING. WE PROPOSE THAT THE REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF DNA IM AND G4 STRUCTURES IS MODULATED BY DNA METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION OF THE IM AND/OR G4 SEQUENCES, WHICH FACILITATES THE SWITCH BETWEEN CANONICAL AND NON-CANONICAL CONFORMATION. OTHER NEURONAL MECHANISMS INTERACTING WITH THE FORMATION AND REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF NON-CANONICAL DNA AND RNA STRUCTURES, PARTICULARLY G4, IM AND TRIPLEXES, MAY INVOLVE MICRORNAS AS WELL AS ION AND PROTON FLUXES. WE ARE PROPOSING EXPERIMENTS IN ACUTE BRAIN SLICES AND IN VIVO TO TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS. THE PROPOSED STUDIES WOULD PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO FUNDAMENTAL NEURONAL MECHANISMS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE AND POTENTIALLY OPEN NEW AVENUES FOR TREATING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS.	2019	

12 3764  32 INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA IDENTIFIES EPAS1 AS A KEY REGULATOR OF COPD. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS A COMPLEX DISEASE. GENETIC, EPIGENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE KNOWN TO CONTRIBUTE TO COPD RISK AND DISEASE PROGRESSION. THEREFORE WE DEVELOPED A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY REGULATORS OF COPD THAT INTEGRATES GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND PHENOTYPE DATA IN LUNG TISSUE FROM COPD AND CONTROL SAMPLES. OUR INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 126 KEY REGULATORS OF COPD. WE IDENTIFIED EPAS1 AS THE ONLY KEY REGULATOR WHOSE DOWNSTREAM GENES SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH MULTIPLE GENES SETS ASSOCIATED WITH COPD DISEASE SEVERITY. EPAS1 IS DISTINCT IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER KEY REGULATORS IN TERMS OF METHYLATION PROFILE AND DOWNSTREAM TARGET GENES. GENES PREDICTED TO BE REGULATED BY EPAS1 WERE ENRICHED FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDING SIGNALING, CELL COMMUNICATIONS, AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT. WE CONFIRMED THAT EPAS1 PROTEIN LEVELS ARE LOWER IN HUMAN COPD LUNG TISSUE COMPARED TO NON-DISEASE CONTROLS AND THAT EPAS1 GENE EXPRESSION IS REDUCED IN MICE CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CIGARETTE SMOKE. AS EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, WE TESTED EPAS1 FUNCTION IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. EPAS1 KNOCKDOWN BY SIRNA IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IMPACTED GENES THAT SIGNIFICANTLY OVERLAPPED WITH EPAS1 DOWNSTREAM GENES IN LUNG TISSUE INCLUDING HYPOXIA RESPONSIVE GENES, AND GENES ASSOCIATED WITH EMPHYSEMA SEVERITY. OUR FIRST INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES ILLUSTRATES THAT NOT ONLY DOES DNA METHYLATION PLAY A 'CAUSAL' ROLE IN THE MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COPD, BUT IT CAN BE LEVERAGED TO DIRECTLY IDENTIFY NOVEL KEY MEDIATORS OF THIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY.	2015	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
13 6000  33 THE ACTIVATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASES 4 PREVENTED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION: A CRUCIAL MECHANISM OF HUANGQIGUIZHIWUWU DECOCTION IN IMPROVING MICROCIRCULATION DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETES. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: THE REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IS CONSIDERED A CRUCIAL TARGET FOR SOLVING COMPLEX CHRONIC DISEASES SUCH AS CARDIO-CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES. HUANGQIGUIZHIWUWU DECOCTION (HGWWD), A CLASSIC CHINESE PRESCRIPTION, IS MAINLY USED TO TREAT VARIOUS VASCULAR DISEASES. ALTHOUGH OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES REPORTED THAT HGWWD COULD EFFECTIVELY PREVENT VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC RODENT MODELS, THE PRECISE MECHANISM IS STILL ELUSIVE. AIM OF THE STUDY: IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS OF MODULATING THE DAMAGE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN DIABETES BY HGWWD. METHODS: WE FIRST ANALYZED COMMON ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF HGWWD BY USING HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS ANALYSIS, AND PREDICTED THE ISOFORMS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) THAT CAN POTENTIALLY COMBINE THE ABOVE ACTIVE COMPONENTS BY SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY. NEXT, WE SCREENED THE INVOLVEMENT OF SPECIFIC HDAC ISOFORMS IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HGWWD ON VASCULAR INJURY BY USING PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOCKADE COMBINED WITH THE EVALUATION OF VASCULAR FUNCTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. RESULTS: FIRSTLY, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC7, SIRT2, AND SIRT3 HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF BINDING TO THE THIRTY-ONE COMMON ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN HGWWD. FURTHERMORE, THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HGWWD IS REVERSED BY BOTH TSA (HDAC INHIBITOR) AND MC1568 (CLASS II HDAC INHIBITOR) ON VASCULAR IMPAIRMENT ACCOMPANIED BY REDUCED AORTIC HDAC ACTIVITY IN STZ MICE. FINALLY, INHIBITION OF HDAC4 BLOCKED THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HGWWD ON MICROVASCULAR AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC MICE. CONCLUSIONS: THESE RESULTS PROVE THE KEY ROLE OF HDAC4 IN DIABETES-INDUCED MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND UNDERLYING EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS FOR THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HGWWD IN DIABETES.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
14 6059  30 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN-BASED TRANSCRIPT REPORTER FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING OF NEGATIVE MODULATORS OF LNCRNAS. WHILE THE HUMAN GENOME IS PERVASIVELY TRANSCRIBED, <2% OF THE HUMAN GENOME IS TRANSCRIBED INTO PROTEIN-CODING MRNAS, LEAVING MOST OF THE TRANSCRIPTS AS NONCODING RNAS, SUCH AS MICRORNAS AND LONG-NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS), WHICH ARE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF EPIGENETIC REGULATION. LNCRNAS ARE EMERGING AS CRITICAL REGULATORS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND GENOMIC STABILITY. HOWEVER, IT REMAINS LARGELY UNKNOWN ABOUT HOW LNCRNAS ARE REGULATED. HERE, WE DEVELOP A HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND DYNAMIC REPORTER THAT ALLOWS US TO IDENTIFY AND/OR MONITOR NEGATIVE MODULATORS OF LNCRNA TRANSCRIPT LEVELS IN A HIGH THROUGHPUT FASHION. SPECIFICALLY, WE ENGINEER A FLUORESCENT FUSION PROTEIN BY FUSING THREE COPIES OF THE PEST DESTRUCTION DOMAIN OF MOUSE ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE (MODC) TO THE C-TERMINAL END OF THE CODON-OPTIMIZED BILIRUBIN-INDUCIBLE FLUORESCENT PROTEIN, DESIGNATED AS DBIFP, AND SHOW THAT THE DBIFP PROTEIN IS HIGHLY DESTABILIZED, COMPARED WITH THE COMMONLY-USED EGFP PROTEIN. WE FURTHER DEMONSTRATE THAT THE DBIFP SIGNAL IS EFFECTIVELY DOWN-REGULATED WHEN THE DBIFP AND MOUSE LNCRNA H19 CHIMERIC TRANSCRIPT IS SILENCED BY MOUSE H19-SPECIFIC SIRNAS. THEREFORE, OUR RESULTS STRONGLY SUGGEST THAT THE DBIFP FUSION PROTEIN MAY SERVE AS A SENSITIVE AND DYNAMIC TRANSCRIPT REPORTER TO MONITOR THE INHIBITION OF LNCRNAS BY MICRORNAS, SYNTHETIC REGULATORY RNA MOLECULES, RNA BINDING PROTEINS, AND/OR SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS SO THAT NOVEL AND EFFICACIOUS INHIBITORS TARGETING THE EPIGENETIC CIRCUIT CAN BE DISCOVERED TO TREAT HUMAN DISEASES SUCH AS CANCER AND OTHER CHRONIC DISORDERS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
15 5859  36 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS AND REVERSES ALLERGIC AIRWAYS DISEASE IN MICE VIA ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT, AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS. SULFORAPHANE HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN HUMAN PATHOLOGIES AND PRECLINICAL MODELS OF AIRWAY DISEASES. TO PROVIDE FURTHER MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, WE EXPLORED L-SULFORAPHANE (LSF) IN THE OVALBUMIN (OVA)-INDUCED CHRONIC ALLERGIC AIRWAYS MURINE MODEL, WITH KEY HALLMARKS OF ASTHMA. HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT LSF PREVENTED OR REVERSED OVA-INDUCED EPITHELIAL THICKENING, COLLAGEN DEPOSITION, GOBLET CELL METAPLASIA, AND INFLAMMATION. WELL-KNOWN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF LSF. FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY REVEALED ALTERED COMPOSITION OF MACROMOLECULES, FOLLOWING OVA SENSITIZATION, WHICH WERE RESTORED BY LSF. RNA SEQUENCING IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS HIGHLIGHTED THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY SIGNATURE OF LSF. FINDINGS INDICATED THAT LSF MAY ALTER GENE EXPRESSION VIA AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM WHICH INVOLVES REGULATION OF PROTEIN ACETYLATION STATUS. LSF RESULTED IN HISTONE AND ALPHA-TUBULIN HYPERACETYLATION IN VIVO, AND CELLULAR AND ENZYMATIC ASSAYS INDICATED DECREASED EXPRESSION AND MODEST HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDAC) INHIBITION ACTIVITY, IN COMPARISON WITH THE WELL-KNOWN PAN-HDAC INHIBITOR SUBEROYLANILIDE HYDROXAMIC ACID (SAHA). MOLECULAR MODELING CONFIRMED INTERACTION OF LSF AND LSF METABOLITES WITH THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF METAL-DEPENDENT HDAC ENZYMES. MORE GENERALLY, THIS STUDY CONFIRMED KNOWN MECHANISMS AND IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS ACCOUNTING FOR THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS AND PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL UTILITY OF LSF IN ALLERGIC AIRWAYS DISEASE.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
16 3096  31 GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION REVEALS NOVEL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN-MEDIATED CARDIAC PROTECTION AGAINST HEART FAILURE. CHRONIC HYPERTENSION IS A KEY RISK FACTOR FOR HEART FAILURE. HOWEVER, THE UNDERLYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ARE NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD. OUR PREVIOUS STUDIES FOUND THAT THE VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (VCP), AN ATPASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN, WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED IN THE HYPERTENSIVE HEART TISSUES. IN THIS STUDY, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT RESTORATION OF VCP PROTECTED THE HEART AGAINST PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED HEART FAILURE. WITH A CARDIAC-SPECIFIC TRANSGENIC (TG) MOUSE MODEL, WE SHOWED THAT A MODERATE INCREASE OF VCP WAS ABLE TO ATTENUATE CHRONIC PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED MALADAPTIVE CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND DYSFUNCTION. RNA SEQUENCING AND A COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS FURTHER DEMONSTRATED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF VCP IN THE HEART NORMALIZED THE PRESSURE OVERLOAD-STIMULATED HYPERTROPHIC SIGNALS AND REPRESSED THE STRESS-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. IN ADDITION, VCP OVEREXPRESSION PROMOTED CELL SURVIVAL BY ENHANCING THE MITOCHONDRIA RESISTANCE TO THE OXIDATIVE STRESS VIA ACTIVATING THE RICTOR-MEDIATED-GENE NETWORKS. VCP WAS ALSO FOUND TO BE INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AND DIFFERENTIAL ISOFORM EXPRESSION FOR SOME GENES THAT ARE RELATED TO ATP PRODUCTION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY INTERACTING WITH LONG NO-CODING RNAS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES, INDICATING A NOVEL EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VCP IN INTEGRATING CODING AND NONCODING GENOMIC NETWORK IN THE STRESSED HEART. IN SUMMARY, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT THE RESCUING OF A DEFICIENT VCP IN THE HEART COULD PREVENT PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED HEART FAILURE BY RECTIFYING CARDIAC HYPERTROPHIC AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALING AND ENHANCING THE CARDIAC RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS, WHICH BROUGHT IN NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISM OF VCP IN PROTECTING PATIENTS FROM HYPERTENSIVE HEART FAILURE.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
17 2340  33 EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF LEUKOCYTE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION DICTATES STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION OUTCOME. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IS A COMMON CAUSE OF SURGICAL-SITE INFECTIONS, INCLUDING THOSE ARISING AFTER CRANIOTOMY, WHICH IS PERFORMED TO ACCESS THE BRAIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUMORS, EPILEPSY, OR HEMORRHAGE. CRANIOTOMY INFECTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLEX SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LEUKOCYTE RECRUITMENT AND MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION. WE RECENTLY IDENTIFIED UNIQUE TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES OF THESE IMMUNE POPULATIONS DURING S. AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION. EPIGENETIC PROCESSES ALLOW RAPID AND REVERSIBLE CONTROL OVER GENE TRANSCRIPTION; HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT HOW EPIGENETIC PATHWAYS INFLUENCE IMMUNITY TO LIVE S. AUREUS. AN EPIGENETIC COMPOUND LIBRARY SCREEN IDENTIFIED BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRATERMINAL DOMAIN-CONTAINING (BET) PROTEINS AND HISTONE DEACETYLASES (HDACS) AS CRITICAL FOR REGULATING TNF, IL-6, IL-10, AND CCL2 PRODUCTION BY PRIMARY MOUSE MICROGLIA, MACROPHAGES, NEUTROPHILS, AND GRANULOCYTIC MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN RESPONSE TO LIVE S. AUREUS. CLASS I HDACS (C1HDACS) WERE INCREASED IN THESE CELL TYPES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DURING ACUTE DISEASE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF S. AUREUS CRANIOTOMY INFECTION. HOWEVER, SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTIONS IN C1HDACS WERE OBSERVED DURING CHRONIC INFECTION, HIGHLIGHTING TEMPORAL REGULATION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT FOR DICTATING C1HDAC EXPRESSION. MICROPARTICLE DELIVERY OF HDAC AND BET INHIBITORS IN VIVO CAUSED WIDESPREAD DECREASES IN INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION, WHICH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BACTERIAL BURDEN IN THE BRAIN, GALEA, AND BONE FLAP. THESE FINDINGS IDENTIFY HISTONE ACETYLATION AS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM FOR REGULATING CYTOKINE AND CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION ACROSS DIVERSE IMMUNE CELL LINEAGES THAT IS CRITICAL FOR BACTERIAL CONTAINMENT. ACCORDINGLY, ABERRANT EPIGENETIC REGULATION MAY BE IMPORTANT FOR PROMOTING S. AUREUS PERSISTENCE DURING CRANIOTOMY INFECTION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
18 2395  35 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN MIST1(-/-) MICE PREDICTS THE MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. GENE EXPRESSION IS AFFECTED BY MODIFICATIONS TO HISTONE CORE PROTEINS WITHIN CHROMATIN. CHANGES IN THESE MODIFICATIONS, OR EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, CAN DICTATE CELL FATE AND PROMOTE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASE. THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC STRESS THAT OCCURS FOLLOWING ABLATION OF MIST1 (MIST1(-/-) ), WHICH IS REPRESSED IN PANCREATIC DISEASE. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOR TRIMETHYLATION OF LYSINE RESIDUE 4 ON HISTONE 3 (H3K4ME3) IN PURIFIED ACINAR CELLS FROM WILD TYPE AND MIST1(-/-) MICE WAS FOLLOWED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ) OR CHIP-QPCR. H3K4ME3-ENRICHED GENES WERE ASSESSED FOR EXPRESSION BY QRT-PCR IN PANCREATIC TISSUE BEFORE AND AFTER INDUCTION OF CERULEIN-INDUCED PANCREATITIS. WHILE MOST OF H3K4ME3-ENRICHMENT IS RESTRICTED TO TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES, >25% OF ENRICHMENT SITES ARE FOUND WITHIN, DOWNSTREAM OR BETWEEN ANNOTATED GENES. LESS THAN 10% OF THESE SITES WERE ALTERED IN MIST1(-/-) ACINI, WITH MOST CHANGES IN H3K4ME3 ENRICHMENT NOT REFLECTING ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION. INGENUITY PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF GENES DIFFERENTIALLY-ENRICHED FOR H3K4ME3 REVEALED AN ASSOCIATION WITH PANCREATITIS AND PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE. MOST OF THESE GENES WERE NOT DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BUT SEVERAL WERE READILY INDUCED BY ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS, WITH SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED EXPRESSION IN MIST1(-/-) TISSUE RELATIVE TO WILD TYPE MICE. WE SUGGEST THAT THE CHRONIC CELL STRESS OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF MIST1 RESULTS IN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING OF GENES INVOLVED IN PROMOTING PANCREATITIS TO A POISED STATE, THEREBY INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY TO EVENTS THAT PROMOTE DISEASE.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
19  222  25 ACUTE LIVER STEATOSIS TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLS THE EPIGENETIC REGULATOR MIER1 TO PROMOTE LIVER REGENERATION IN A STUDY WITH MALE MICE. THE EARLY PHASE LIPID ACCUMULATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR LIVER REGENERATION. HOWEVER, WHETHER THIS ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION CAN SERVE AS SIGNALS TO DIRECT LIVER REGENERATION RATHER THAN SIMPLY PROVIDING BUILDING BLOCKS FOR CELL PROLIFERATION REMAINS UNCLEAR. THROUGH IN VIVO CRISPR SCREENING, WE IDENTIFY MIER1 (MESODERM INDUCTION EARLY RESPONSE 1) AS A KEY EPIGENETIC REGULATOR THAT BRIDGES THE ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION AND CELL CYCLE GENE EXPRESSION DURING LIVER REGENERATION IN MALE ANIMALS. PHYSIOLOGICALLY, LIVER ACUTE LIPID ACCUMULATION INDUCES THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF EIF2S1(EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 2), WHICH CONSEQUENTLY ATTENUATED MIER1 TRANSLATION. MIER1 DOWNREGULATION IN TURN PROMOTES CELL CYCLE GENE EXPRESSION AND REGENERATION THROUGH CHROMATIN REMODELING. IMPORTANTLY, THE LIPIDS-EIF2S1-MIER1 PATHWAY IS IMPAIRED IN ANIMALS WITH CHRONIC LIVER STEATOSIS; WHEREAS MIER1 DEPLETION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES REGENERATION IN THESE ANIMALS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR STUDIES IDENTIFY AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM BY WHICH THE EARLY PHASE LIPID REDISTRIBUTION FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE TO LIVER DURING REGENERATION IMPACTS HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION, AND SUGGEST A POTENTIAL STRATEGY TO BOOST LIVER REGENERATION.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20 1966  33 EPIGENETIC ALTERATION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CANCERS AND ITS IMPLICATION IN TUMOR CELL RESISTANCE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PURPOSE: PRKCDBP IS A PUTATIVE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN WHICH ALTERATION HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN SEVERAL HUMAN CANCERS. WE INVESTIGATED EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF PRKCDBP IN COLORECTAL CELLS AND TISSUES TO EXPLORE ITS CANDIDACY AS A SUPPRESSOR IN COLORECTAL TUMORIGENESIS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION STATUS OF PRKCDBP AND ITS EFFECT ON TUMOR GROWTH WERE EVALUATED. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WAS DEFINED BY LUCIFERASE REPORTER AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS. RESULTS: PRKCDBP EXPRESSION WAS HARDLY DETECTABLE IN 29 OF 80 (36%) PRIMARY TUMORS AND 11 OF 19 (58%) CELL LINES, AND ITS ALTERATION CORRELATED WITH TUMOR STAGE AND GRADE. PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION WAS COMMONLY FOUND IN CANCERS. PRKCDBP EXPRESSION INDUCED THE G(1) CELL-CYCLE ARREST AND INCREASED CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO VARIOUS APOPTOTIC STRESSES. PRKCDBP WAS INDUCED BY TNFALPHA, AND ITS LEVEL CORRELATED WITH TUMOR CELL SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. PRKCDBP INDUCTION BY TNFALPHA WAS DISRUPTED BY BLOCKING NF-KAPPAB SIGNALING WHILE IT WAS ENHANCED BY RELA TRANSFECTION. THE PRKCDBP PROMOTER ACTIVITY WAS INCREASED IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA, AND THIS RESPONSE WAS ABOLISHED BY DISRUPTION OF A KAPPAB SITE IN THE PROMOTER. PRKCDBP DELAYED THE FORMATION AND GROWTH OF XENOGRAFT TUMORS AND IMPROVED TUMOR RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. CONCLUSIONS: PRKCDBP IS A PROAPOPTOTIC TUMOR SUPPRESSOR WHICH IS COMMONLY ALTERED IN COLORECTAL CANCER BY PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION, AND ITS GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS DIRECTLY ACTIVATED BY NF-KAPPAB IN RESPONSE TO TNFALPHA. THIS SUGGESTS THAT PRKCDBP INACTIVATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO TUMOR PROGRESSION BY REDUCING CELLULAR SENSITIVITY TO TNFALPHA AND OTHER STRESSES, PARTICULARLY UNDER CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MICROENVIRONMENT.	2011