1  5319 136 PTEN IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR ELIMINATION OF LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS MEDIATED BY GSK126 TARGETING EZH2 IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA. PURPOSE: LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS (LSCS) ARE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR RESISTANCE AND DISEASE RELAPSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML). TARGETING LSCS MAY BE AN ATTRACTIVE STRATEGY TO OVERRIDE THIS THORNY PROBLEM. GIVEN THAT EZH2 WAS OVEREXPRESSED IN PRIMARY CML CD34(+) CELLS, OUR PURPOSE IN THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF TARGETING EZH2 ON CML LSCS AND CLARIFY ITS UNDERLYING MECHANISM.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: HUMAN PRIMARY CML CD34(+) CELLS AND RETROVIRALLY BCR-ABL-DRIVEN CML MOUSE MODELS WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION OF EZH2 BY GSK126- OR EZH2-SPECIFIC SHRNA IN VITRO AND IN VIVO RECRUITMENT OF EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 ON THE PROMOTER OF TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE PTEN IN CML CELLS WAS MEASURED BY CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY.RESULTS: OUR RESULTS SHOWED THAT PHARMACOLOGIC INHIBITION OF EZH2 BY GSK126 NOT ONLY ELICITED APOPTOSIS AND RESTRICTED CELL GROWTH IN CML BULK LEUKEMIA CELLS, BUT ALSO DECREASED LSCS IN CML CD34(+) CELLS WHILE SPARING THOSE FROM NORMAL BONE MARROW CD34(+) CELLS. SUPPRESSION OF EZH2 BY GSK126 OR SPECIFIC SHRNA PROLONGED SURVIVAL OF CML MICE AND REDUCED THE NUMBER OF LSCS IN MICE. EZH2 KNOCKDOWN RESULTED IN ELEVATION OF PTEN AND LED TO IMPAIRED RECRUITMENT OF EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 ON THE PROMOTER OF PTEN GENE. THE EFFECT OF EZH2 KNOCKDOWN IN THE CML MICE WAS AT LEAST PARTIALLY REVERSED BY PTEN KNOCKDOWN.CONCLUSIONS: THESE FINDINGS IMPROVE THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF STEMNESS IN CML LSCS AND WARRANT CLINICAL TRIAL OF GSK126 IN REFRACTORY PATIENTS WITH CML. CLIN CANCER RES; 24(1); 145-57. (C)2017 AACR.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
2  1899  38 ENERGY BALANCE MODULATION IMPACTS EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING, ERALPHA AND ERBETA EXPRESSION, AND MAMMARY TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN MMTV-NEU TRANSGENIC MICE. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND BREAST CANCER RISK AND PROGNOSIS IS WELL ESTABLISHED IN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR (ER)-POSITIVE DISEASE BUT LESS CLEAR IN HER2-POSITIVE DISEASE. HERE, WE REPORT PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTING WEIGHT MAINTENANCE THROUGH CALORIE RESTRICTION (CR) MAY LIMIT RISK OF HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER. IN FEMALE MMTV-HER2/NEU TRANSGENIC MICE, WE FOUND THAT ERALPHA AND ERBETA EXPRESSION, MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS, AND SURVIVAL ARE ENERGY BALANCE DEPENDENT IN ASSOCIATION WITH EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. MICE WERE RANDOMIZED TO RECEIVE A CR, OVERWEIGHT-INDUCING, OR DIET-INDUCED OBESITY REGIMEN (N = 27/GROUP). SUBSETS OF MICE (N = 4/GROUP/TIME POINT) WERE EUTHANIZED AFTER 1, 3, AND 5 MONTHS TO CHARACTERIZE DIET-DEPENDENT METABOLIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND EPIGENETIC PERTURBATIONS. REMAINING MICE WERE FOLLOWED UP TO 22 MONTHS. RELATIVE TO THE OVERWEIGHT AND DIET-INDUCED OBESITY REGIMENS, CR DECREASED BODY WEIGHT, ADIPOSITY, AND SERUM METABOLIC HORMONES AS EXPECTED AND ALSO ELICITED AN INCREASE IN MAMMARY ERALPHA AND ERBETA EXPRESSION. INCREASED DNA METHYLATION ACCOMPANIED THIS PATTERN, PARTICULARLY AT CPG DINUCLEOTIDES LOCATED WITHIN BINDING OR FLANKING REGIONS FOR THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR CCCTC-BINDING FACTOR OF ESR1 AND ESR2, CONSISTENT WITH SUSTAINED TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF ERALPHA AND ERBETA. MAMMARY EXPRESSION OF THE DNA METHYLATION ENZYME DNMT1 WAS STABLE IN CR MICE BUT INCREASED OVER TIME IN OVERWEIGHT AND DIET-INDUCED OBESITY MICE, SUGGESTING CR OBVIATES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS CONCURRENT WITH CHRONIC EXCESS ENERGY INTAKE. IN THE SURVIVAL STUDY, CR ELICITED A SIGNIFICANT SUPPRESSION IN SPONTANEOUS MAMMARY TUMORIGENESIS. OVERALL, OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST A MECHANISTIC RATIONALE TO PREVENT OR REVERSE EXCESS BODY WEIGHT AS A STRATEGY TO REDUCE HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER RISK. CANCER RES; 77(9); 2500-11. (C)2017 AACR.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
3  4811  35 OBESITY-ASSOCIATED ALTERATIONS IN INFLAMMATION, EPIGENETICS, AND MAMMARY TUMOR GROWTH PERSIST IN FORMERLY OBESE MICE. USING A MURINE MODEL OF BASAL-LIKE BREAST CANCER, WE TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT CHRONIC OBESITY, AN ESTABLISHED BREAST CANCER RISK AND PROGRESSION FACTOR IN WOMEN, INDUCES MAMMARY GLAND EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND INCREASES MAMMARY TUMOR GROWTH. MOREOVER, WE ASSESSED WHETHER THE OBESITY-INDUCED EPIGENETIC AND PROTUMOR EFFECTS ARE REVERSED BY WEIGHT NORMALIZATION. OVARIECTOMIZED FEMALE C57BL/6 MICE WERE FED A CONTROL DIET OR DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) REGIMEN FOR 17 WEEKS, RESULTING IN A NORMAL WEIGHT OR OBESE PHENOTYPE, RESPECTIVELY. MICE ON THE DIO REGIMEN WERE THEN RANDOMIZED TO CONTINUE THE DIO DIET OR WERE SWITCHED TO THE CONTROL DIET, RESULTING IN FORMERLY OBESE (FOB) MICE WITH WEIGHTS COMPARABLE WITH CONTROL MICE. AT WEEK 24, ALL MICE WERE ORTHOTOPICALLY INJECTED WITH MMTV-WNT-1 MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR CELLS. MEAN TUMOR VOLUME, SERUM IL6 LEVELS, EXPRESSION OF PROINFLAMMATORY GENES IN THE MAMMARY FAT PAD, AND MAMMARY DNA METHYLATION PROFILES WERE SIMILAR IN DIO AND FOB MICE AND HIGHER THAN IN CONTROLS. MANY OF THE GENES FOUND TO HAVE OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HYPERMETHYLATION IN MICE WERE ALSO FOUND TO BE HYPERMETHYLATED IN THE NORMAL BREAST TISSUE OF OBESE VERSUS NONOBESE HUMAN SUBJECTS, AND NEARLY ALL OF THESE CONCORDANT GENES REMAINED HYPERMETHYLATED AFTER SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT LOSS IN THE FOB MICE. OUR FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT WEIGHT NORMALIZATION MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO REVERSE THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OBESITY ON EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING AND INFLAMMATORY SIGNALS IN THE MICROENVIRONMENT THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER PROGRESSION. CANCER PREV RES; 9(5); 339-48. (C)2016 AACR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
4  1741  40 EARLY EPIGENETIC DOWNREGULATION OF MICRORNA-192 EXPRESSION PROMOTES PANCREATIC CANCER PROGRESSION. PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY VERY EARLY METASTASIS, SUGGESTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT METASTASIS-ASSOCIATED CHANGES MAY OCCUR PRIOR TO ACTUAL TUMOR FORMATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE IDENTIFIED MIR-192 AS AN EPIGENETICALLY REGULATED SUPPRESSOR GENE WITH PREDICTIVE VALUE IN THIS DISEASE. MIR-192 WAS DOWNREGULATED BY PROMOTER METHYLATION IN BOTH PDAC AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, THE LATTER OF WHICH IS A MAJOR RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PDAC. FUNCTIONAL STUDIES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO IN MOUSE MODELS OF PDAC SHOWED THAT OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-192 WAS SUFFICIENT TO REDUCE CELL PROLIFERATION AND INVASION. MECHANISTIC ANALYSES CORRELATED CHANGES IN MIR-192 PROMOTER METHYLATION AND EXPRESSION WITH EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION. CELL PROLIFERATION AND INVASION WERE LINKED TO ALTERED EXPRESSION OF THE MIR-192 TARGET GENE SERPINE1 THAT IS ENCODING THE PROTEIN PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1 (PAI-1), AN ESTABLISHED REGULATOR OF THESE PROPERTIES IN PDAC CELLS. NOTABLY, OUR DATA SUGGESTED THAT INVASIVE CAPACITY WAS ALTERED EVEN BEFORE NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION OCCURRED, AS TRIGGERED BY MIR-192 DOWNREGULATION. OVERALL, OUR RESULTS HIGHLIGHTED A ROLE FOR MIR-192 IN EXPLAINING THE EARLY METASTATIC BEHAVIOR OF PDAC AND SUGGESTED ITS RELEVANCE AS A TARGET TO DEVELOP FOR EARLY DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY. CANCER RES; 76(14); 4149-59. (C)2016 AACR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
5   132  24 AACR WHITE PAPER: SHAPING THE FUTURE OF CANCER PREVENTION - A ROADMAP FOR ADVANCING SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH. THE RECENT PACE, EXTENT, AND IMPACT OF PARADIGM-CHANGING CANCER PREVENTION SCIENCE HAS BEEN REMARKABLE. THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH (AACR) CONVENED A 3-DAY SUMMIT, ALIGNED WITH FIVE RESEARCH PRIORITIES: (I) PRECANCER ATLAS (PCA). (II) CANCER INTERCEPTION. (III) OBESITY-CANCER LINKAGE, A GLOBAL EPIDEMIC OF CHRONIC LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. (IV) IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE. (V) CANCER DISPARITIES. ALIGNED WITH THESE PRIORITIES, AACR CO-LED THE LANCET COMMISSION TO FORMALLY ENDORSE AND ACCELERATE THE NCI CANCER MOONSHOT PROGRAM, FACILITATING NEW GLOBAL COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS IN CANCER CONTROL. THE EXPANDING SCOPE OF CREATIVE IMPACT IS PERHAPS MOST STARTLING-FROM NCI-FUNDED BUILT ENVIRONMENTS TO AACR TEAM SCIENCE AWARDED STUDIES OF ASIAN CANCER GENOMES INFORMING GLOBAL PRIMARY PREVENTION POLICIES; CELL-FREE EPIGENETIC MARKS IDENTIFYING INCIPIENT NEOPLASTIC SITE; PRACTICE-CHANGING GENOMIC SUBCLASSES IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASIA (INCLUDING GERMLINE VARIANT TIGHTLY LINKED TO JAK2 V617F HAPLOTYPE); UNIVERSAL GERMLINE GENETIC TESTING FOR PANCREATIC CANCER; AND REPURPOSING DRUGS TARGETING IMMUNE- AND STEM-CELL SIGNALS (E.G., IL-1BETA, PD-1, RANK-L) TO CANCER INTERCEPTION. MICROBIOTA-DRIVEN IL-17 CAN INDUCE STEMNESS AND TRANSFORMATION IN PANCREATIC PRECURSORS (IDENTIFYING ANOTHER REPURPOSING OPPORTUNITY). NOTABLE PROGRESS ALSO INCLUDES HOSTING AN OBESITY SPECIAL CONFERENCE (CONNECTING EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVES TO INFORM CANCER RESEARCH AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES), CO-LEADING CONCERTED NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS IN HPV VACCINATION, AND CHARTING THE FUTURE ELIMINATION OF CANCER DISPARITIES BY INTEGRATING NEW SCIENCE TOOLS, DISCOVERIES AND PERSPECTIVES INTO COMMUNITY-ENGAGED RESEARCH, INCLUDING TARGETED COUNTER ATTACKS ON E-CIGARETTE AD EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN, HISPANICS AND BLACKS. FOLLOWING THIS SUMMIT, TWO UNPRECEDENTED FUNDING INITIATIVES WERE CATALYZED TO DRIVE CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH: THE NCI CANCER MOONSHOT (E.G., PCA AND DISPARITIES); AND THE AACR-STAND UP TO CANCER BOLD "CANCER INTERCEPTION" INITIATIVE.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
6  6705  36 VHL INACTIVATION IN PRECANCEROUS KIDNEY CELLS INDUCES AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE VIA ER STRESS-ACTIVATED IRE1ALPHA SIGNALING. MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETIC INACTIVATION OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE VON HIPPEL-LINDAU (VHL) ARE MAJOR CAUSES OF CLEAR-CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (CCRCC) THAT MAY ORIGINATE FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. HOWEVER, THE ROLE OF VHL LOSS OF FUNCTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CCRCC VIA INFLAMMATION REMAINS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. VHL-MUTANT CELLS EXHIBIT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES THAT CAN CAUSE CHRONIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS AND UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT UNRESOLVED ER STRESS INDUCES THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OBSERVED IN CCRCC. ER STRESS MARKERS INCLUDING BIP AND XBP1S WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN CULTURED AND PRIMARY VHL LOSS-OF-FUNCTION KIDNEY CELLS. IN EPITHELIAL CELLS, THE KINASE ACTIVITY OF IRE1ALPHA WAS REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF NF-KAPPAB AND JNK AND FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF MACROPHAGES. IRE1ALPHA KINASE ACTIVITY WAS ALSO IMPORTANT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIBROTIC PHENOTYPE IN CONDITIONAL VHLH KNOCKOUT MICE. OUR RESULTS OFFER INSIGHTS INTO THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL AGAINST CCRCC DEVELOPMENT BY RELIEVING METABOLIC STRESS. SUCH CANCER PREVENTION STRATEGY MAY BE CRITICAL FOR HIGH-RISK COHORTS SUCH AS THE FAMILIAL VHL DISEASE PATIENTS. CANCER RES; 77(13); 3406-16. (C)2017 AACR.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
7  6593  37 TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES PROMOTE EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF GELSOLIN THROUGH DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 IN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS. EPIGENETIC REPRESSION OF THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GELSOLIN (GSN) IS FREQUENTLY OBSERVED IN CANCERS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN PROMOTE TUMOR PROGRESSION VIA ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. IN THIS STUDY, WE INVESTIGATED THE ROLE OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES (TAMS) IN DNA METHYLATION OF THE GSN GENE DURING GASTRIC CANCER PROGRESSION. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STAINING OF 121 GASTRIC CANCER TISSUES SHOWED ABERRANT LOCALIZATION OF GSN AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DNMT1) AND JUXTAPOSITION OF DNMT1 AND M2 TAMS. DECREASED GSN PROTEIN AND MRNA EXPRESSION AND INCREASED DNA METHYLATION IN THE GSN PROMOTER WERE OBSERVED IN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINES AND CLINICAL SPECIMENS. TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF TAMS ON DNA METHYLATION IN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS, WE PERFORMED IN VITRO COCULTURE ASSAYS AND FOUND INCREASED DNMT1 EXPRESSION BUT DECREASED GSN EXPRESSION IN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS AFTER COCULTURE WITH U937 CELLS. KNOCKDOWN OF DNMT1 EXPRESSION IN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS COULD ABORT U937 COCULTURE-MEDIATED GSN DOWNREGULATION. MEANWHILE, CCL5 WAS THE MAIN CHEMOKINE UPREGULATED IN COCULTURE MEDIUM. TREATMENT WITH CCL5 COULD INDUCE DNMT1 EXPRESSION IN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS VIA STAT3 SIGNALING. INHIBITING DNMT1 ACTIVITY WITH PROCAINAMIDE, INHIBITING DNA METHYLATION WITH 5-AZA, OR INHIBITING CCL5/CCR5 SIGNALING WITH MARAVIROC REDUCED TUMOR GROWTH IN VIVO IN CONCLUSION, UPREGULATION OF DNMT1 BY CCL5/CCR5/STAT3 SIGNALING IS CRITICAL FOR TAM-MEDIATED GSN SILENCING IN GASTRIC CANCER. THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR GASTRIC CANCER THERAPY. CANCER IMMUNOL RES; 5(10); 885-97. (C)2017 AACR.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
8  6587  31 TUMOR DORMANCY AND RELAPSE: FROM A NATURAL BYPRODUCT OF EVOLUTION TO A DISEASE STATE. SPECIES EVOLVE BY MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETIC CHANGES ACTING ON INDIVIDUALS IN A POPULATION; TUMORS EVOLVE BY SIMILAR MECHANISMS AT A CELLULAR LEVEL IN A TISSUE. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS GROWING EVIDENCE ABOUT TUMOR DORMANCY AND SUGGESTS THAT (I) CELLULAR MALIGNANCY IS A NATURAL BYPRODUCT OF EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS, SUCH AS GENE MUTATIONS AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, WHICH IS MANIFESTED IN THE FORM OF TUMOR DORMANCY IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AS WELL AS IN CANCER SURVIVORS; (II) CANCER METASTASIS COULD BE AN EARLY DISSEMINATION EVENT THAT COULD OCCUR DURING MALIGNANT DORMANCY EVEN BEFORE PRIMARY CANCER IS CLINICALLY DETECTABLE; AND (III) CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS A KEY FACTOR IN AWAKENING DORMANT MALIGNANT CELLS AT THE PRIMARY SITE, LEADING TO PRIMARY CANCER DEVELOPMENT, AND AT DISTANT SITES, LEADING TO ADVANCED STAGE DISEASES. ON THE BASIS OF THIS EVIDENCE, IT IS REASONABLE TO PROPOSE THAT WE ARE ALL CANCER SURVIVORS RATHER THAN CANCER-FREE INDIVIDUALS BECAUSE OF HARBORING DORMANT MALIGNANT CELLS IN OUR ORGANS. A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL AND METASTATIC TUMOR DORMANCY COULD LEAD TO NOVEL CANCER THERAPEUTICS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CANCER. CANCER RES; 77(10); 2564-9. (C)2017 AACR.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9   766  38 CCL5 SUPPRESSES KLOTHO EXPRESSION VIA P-STAT3/DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1-MEDIATED PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION. BACKGROUND: ENHANCED INFLAMMATION AND REDUCED KLOTHO ARE COMMON FEATURES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD). INFLAMMATION INDUCES DNA HYPERMETHYLATION. THIS STUDY ASSESSED THE PERFORMANCE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKER C-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE 5 (CCL5) IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION. METHODS: FIFTY CKD PATIENTS AND 25 MATCHED CONTROLS WERE ENROLLED, AND SERUM CCL5 LEVEL, SKLOTHO LEVEL, AND DNA METHYLATION WERE EVALUATED IN THESE SUBJECTS. A RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) MODEL WITH CKD WAS INDUCED IN MICE VIA UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION (UUO) IN VIVO AND HUMAN PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL (HK-2) CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5 IN VITRO. 5-AZA-2'-DEOXYCYTIDINE (5-AZA), A DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR WAS GIVEN TO UUO MICE. HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN (HE) AND MASSON TRICHROME STAINING WERE ADOPTED TO EVALUATE RENAL PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES. METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR WAS PERFORMED TO ASSESS DNA METHYLATION OF KLOTHO PROMOTER IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES (PBLS) FROM CKD PATIENTS AND OBSTRUCTIVE KIDNEY FROM UUO MICE. CCL5, KLOTHO, AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES (DNMTS) WERE DETERMINED BY ELISAS, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, OR WESTERN BLOTTING. HK-2 CELLS WERE EXPOSED TO CCL5 WITH OR WITHOUT 5-AZA AND STATTIC, A P-SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) INHIBITOR, AND EXPRESSIONS OF P-STAT3, DNMT1, AND KLOTHO WERE DETERMINED BY WESTERN BLOTTING. RESULTS: CCL5 UPREGULATION CONCOMITANT WITH KLOTHO DOWNREGULATION IN SERUM AND GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION IN PBLS WERE OBSERVED IN CKD SAMPLES. UUO CONTRIBUTED TO SEVERE RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS AND ENHANCED EXPRESSIONS OF FIBROTIC MARKERS. MOREOVER, UUO INCREASED THE CCL5 LEVEL, INDUCED KLOTHO PROMOTER METHYLATION, SUPPRESSED KLOTHO LEVEL, ACTIVATED P-STAT3 SIGNALING, AND UPREGULATED DNMT1 LEVEL. A SIMILAR OBSERVATION WAS MADE IN HK-2 CELLS TREATED WITH CCL5. MORE IMPORTANTLY, 5-AZA INHIBITED UUO-INDUCED KLOTHO HYPERMETHYLATION, REVERSED KLOTHO, DOWNREGULATED P-STAT3 EXPRESSIONS, AND AMELIORATED RIF IN VIVO. THE CONSISTENT FINDINGS IN VITRO WERE ALSO OBTAINED IN HK-2 CELLS EXPOSED TO 5-AZA AND STATTIC. CONCLUSION: THE CCL5/P-STAT3/DNMT1 AXIS IS IMPLICATED IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF KLOTHO EXPRESSION IN CKD. THIS STUDY PROVIDES NOVEL THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES FOR REVERSAL OF KLOTHO SUPPRESSION BY CKD.	2022	
                                                                                       
10  5479  32 RESVERATROL ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACCELERATED LUNG AGING. SMOKING IS THE CRITICAL RISK FACTOR FOR COPD. CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS IS THE CYTOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACCELERATED LUNG AGING IN COPD, AND THE REGULATION OF MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) IS THE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CELLULAR SENESCENCE. RESVERATROL (RES) IS A POLYPHENOL WITH ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED WHETHER RES ATTENUATES CIGARETTE SMOKE EXTRACT (CSE)-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN HUMAN AIRWAY EPITHELIAL CELLS (BEAS-2B) THROUGH THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB) PATHWAY. BEAS-2B CELLS WERE TREATED WITH RES, CSE AND TRANSFECTED WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMICS. CELLULAR SENESCENCE WAS EVALUATED BY SENESCENCE -RELATED BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (SA-BETA-GAL) STAINING AND EXPRESSION OF SENESCENCE-RELATED GENES (P16, P21, AND P53). THE EXPRESSIONS OF MIR-34A-5P, SIRT1, AND NF-KAPPAB P65 WERE EXAMINED USING QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND WESTERN BLOTTING. THE SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED SECRETORY PHENOTYPE (SASP) CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) WERE ASSESSED BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY. THE BINDING BETWEEN MIR-34A-5P AND SIRT1 WAS CONFIRMED BY DUAL-LUCIFERASE REPORTER ASSAY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DECREASED CELL VIABILITY AND ELEVATED CELLULAR SENESCENCE, CHARACTERIZED BY INCREASED SA-BETA-GAL STAINING AND SENESCENCE-RELATED GENE EXPRESSIONS (P16, P21, AND P53). FURTHER, CSE DOSE-DEPENDENTLY INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P AND SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN BEAS-2B CELLS. PRETREATMENT WITH RES INHIBITED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE AND SECRETION OF SASP CYTOKINES (IL-1BETA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-ALPHA) IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER. MOREOVER, RES REVERSED THE CSE-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF SIRT1 AND UP-REGULATION OF MIR-34A-5P AND NF-KAPPAB P65. SIRT1 IS A TARGET OF MIR-34A-5P. OVEREXPRESSION OF MIR-34A-5P VIA TRANSFECTION WITH MIR-34A-5P MIMIC IN BEAS-2B CELLS ATTENUATED THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RES ON CELLULAR SENESCENCE, ACCOMPANIED BY REVERSING THE EXPRESSION OF SIRT1 AND NF-KAPPAB P65. IN CONCLUSION, RES ATTENUATED CSE-INDUCED CELLULAR SENESCENCE IN BEAS-2B CELLS BY REGULATING THE MIR-34A/SIRT1/NF-KAPPAB PATHWAY, WHICH MAY PROVIDE A NEW APPROACH FOR COPD TREATMENT.	2022	

11  2402  52 EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING SENSITIZES CML STEM CELLS TO COMBINED EZH2 AND TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITION. A MAJOR OBSTACLE TO CURING CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IS RESIDUAL DISEASE MAINTAINED BY TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR (TKI)-PERSISTENT LEUKEMIC STEM CELLS (LSC). THESE ARE BCR-ABL1 KINASE INDEPENDENT, REFRACTORY TO APOPTOSIS, AND SERVE AS A RESERVOIR TO DRIVE RELAPSE OR TKI RESISTANCE. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 IS MISREGULATED IN CHRONIC PHASE CML LSCS. THIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTENSIVE REPROGRAMMING OF H3K27ME3 TARGETS IN LSCS, THUS SENSITIZING THEM TO APOPTOSIS UPON TREATMENT WITH AN EZH2-SPECIFIC INHIBITOR (EZH2I). EZH2I DOES NOT IMPAIR NORMAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL SURVIVAL. STRIKINGLY, TREATMENT OF PRIMARY CML CELLS WITH EITHER EZH2I OR TKI ALONE CAUSED SIGNIFICANT UPREGULATION OF H3K27ME3 TARGETS, AND COMBINED TREATMENT FURTHER POTENTIATED THESE EFFECTS AND RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF LSCS COMPARED TO TKI ALONE, IN VITRO, AND IN LONG-TERM BONE MARROW MURINE XENOGRAFTS. OUR FINDINGS POINT TO A PROMISING EPIGENETIC-BASED THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY TO MORE EFFECTIVELY TARGET LSCS IN PATIENTS WITH CML RECEIVING TKIS. SIGNIFICANCE: IN CML, TKI-PERSISTENT LSCS REMAIN AN OBSTACLE TO CURE, AND APPROACHES TO ERADICATE THEM REMAIN A SIGNIFICANT UNMET CLINICAL NEED. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT EZH2 AND H3K27ME3 REPROGRAMMING IS IMPORTANT FOR LSC SURVIVAL, BUT RENDERS LSCS SENSITIVE TO THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF EZH2I AND TKI. THIS REPRESENTS A NOVEL APPROACH TO MORE EFFECTIVELY TARGET LSCS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING TKI TREATMENT. CANCER DISCOV; 6(11); 1248-57. (C)2016 AACR.SEE RELATED ARTICLE BY XIE ET AL., P. 1237THIS ARTICLE IS HIGHLIGHTED IN THE IN THIS ISSUE FEATURE, P. 1197.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
12  6661  37 UPREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING, ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH, AND MIGRATION OF COLON CANCER CELLS BY INTERLEUKIN-6. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WHICH PREDISPOSES TO COLORECTAL CANCER. THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH INFLAMMATION PROMOTES TUMORIGENESIS ARE NOT FULLY KNOWN. WE AIMED TO INVESTIGATE THE LINKS BETWEEN COLONIC INFLAMMATION AND TUMORIGENESIS VIA EPIGENETIC GENE SILENCING. COLON CANCER SPECIMENS WERE ASSESSED FOR THE EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE-1 (DNMT-1) USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES WERE ASSESSED FOR DNMT1 EXPRESSION, METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT, PROMOTER METHYLATION, GENE EXPRESSION, AND TUMORIGENESIS IN RESPONSE TO INTERLEUKIN (IL)-6. DNMT1 WAS EXPRESSED AT HIGHER LEVELS IN BOTH THE PERITUMORAL STROMA AND TUMOR IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-ASSOCIATED CANCERS COMPARED WITH SPORADIC COLON CANCERS. IL-6 TREATMENT OF COLON CANCER CELLS RESULTED IN AN INCREASE IN DNMT1 EXPRESSION, INDEPENDENT OF DE NOVO GENE EXPRESSION. IL-6 INCREASED THE METHYLATION OF PROMOTER REGIONS OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR SUPPRESSION, ADHESION, AND APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE. EXPRESSION OF A SUBSET OF THESE GENES WAS DOWNREGULATED BY IL-6, AN EFFECT THAT WAS PREVENTED BY PREINCUBATION WITH 5-AZADEOXYCYTIDINE, A DNMT1 INHIBITOR. ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH AND MIGRATION OF COLON CANCER CELLS WAS ALSO INCREASED BY IL-6 IN A 5-AZADEOXYCYTIDINE-SENSITIVE MANNER. OUR RESULTS INDICATE THAT DNMT-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING MAY PLAY A ROLE IN INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED COLON TUMORIGENESIS.	2010	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  6659  36 UPREGULATION OF AKT3 CONFERS RESISTANCE TO THE AKT INHIBITOR MK2206 IN BREAST CANCER. ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY REPRESENTS A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR THE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF CANCER. HYPERACTIVATION OF THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY IS FREQUENTLY OBSERVED IN VIRTUALLY ALL HUMAN MALIGNANCIES, AND NUMEROUS PI3K AND AKT INHIBITORS ARE CURRENTLY UNDER CLINICAL EVALUATION. HOWEVER, MECHANISMS OF ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO AKT INHIBITORS HAVE YET TO BE DESCRIBED. HERE, WE USE A BREAST CANCER PRECLINICAL MODEL TO IDENTIFY RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO A SMALL MOLECULE ALLOSTERIC AKT INHIBITOR, MK2206. USING A STEP-WISE AND CHRONIC HIGH-DOSE EXPOSURE, BREAST CANCER CELL LINES HARBORING ONCOGENIC PI3K RESISTANT TO MK2206 WERE ESTABLISHED. USING THIS MODEL, WE REVEAL THAT AKT3 EXPRESSION IS MARKEDLY UPREGULATED IN AKT INHIBITOR-RESISTANT CELLS. INDUCTION OF AKT3 IS REGULATED EPIGENETICALLY BY THE BROMODOMAIN AND EXTRA TERMINAL DOMAIN PROTEINS. IMPORTANTLY, KNOCKDOWN OF AKT3, BUT NOT AKT1 OR AKT2, IN RESISTANT CELLS RESTORES SENSITIVITY TO MK2206. AKT INHIBITOR-RESISTANT CELLS ALSO DISPLAY AN EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION PHENOTYPE AS ASSESSED BY ALTERATIONS IN THE LEVELS OF E-CADHERIN, N-CADHERIN, AND VIMENTIN, AS WELL AS ENHANCED INVASIVENESS OF TUMOR SPHEROIDS. NOTABLY, THE INVASIVE MORPHOLOGY OF RESISTANT SPHEROIDS IS DIMINISHED UPON AKT3 DEPLETION. WE ALSO SHOW THAT RESISTANCE TO MK2206 IS REVERSIBLE BECAUSE UPON DRUG REMOVAL RESISTANT CELLS REGAIN SENSITIVITY TO AKT INHIBITION, ACCOMPANIED BY REEXPRESSION OF EPITHELIAL MARKERS AND REDUCTION OF AKT3 EXPRESSION, IMPLYING THAT EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING CONTRIBUTES TO ACQUISITION OF RESISTANCE. THESE FINDINGS PROVIDE A RATIONALE FOR DEVELOPING THERAPEUTICS TARGETING AKT3 TO CIRCUMVENT ACQUIRED RESISTANCE IN BREAST CANCER. MOL CANCER THER; 15(8); 1964-74. (C)2016 AACR.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
14  3531  34 IMATINIB CAUSES EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS OF PTEN GENE VIA UPREGULATION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEINS. WE HAVE RECENTLY REPORTED THE POSSIBLE IMATINIB-RESISTANT MECHANISM; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF LEUKEMIA CELLS TO IMATINIB DOWNREGULATED LEVELS OF PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG DELETED ON CHROMOSOME 10 (PTEN) VIA HYPERMETHYLATION OF ITS PROMOTER REGION (LEUKEMIA 2010; 24: 1631). THE PRESENT STUDY EXPLORED THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH IMATINIB CAUSED METHYLATION ON THE PROMOTER REGION OF THIS TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE IN LEUKEMIA CELLS. REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR FOUND THAT LONG-TERM EXPOSURE OF CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA EOL-1 CELLS EXPRESSING FIP1L1/PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-ALPHA TO IMATINIB INDUCED EXPRESSION OF DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 3A (DNMT3A) AND HISTONE-METHYLTRANSFERASE ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2 (EZH2), A FAMILY OF POLYCOMB GROUP, THEREBY INCREASING METHYLATION OF THE GENE. IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY FOUND THE INCREASED COMPLEX FORMATION OF DNMT3A AND EZH2 PROTEINS IN THESE CELLS. MOREOVER, CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY SHOWED THAT AMOUNTS OF BOTH DNMT3A AND EZH2 PROTEINS BOUND AROUND THE PROMOTER REGION OF PTEN GENE WERE INCREASED IN EOL-1 CELLS AFTER EXPOSURE TO IMATINIB. FURTHERMORE, WE FOUND THAT LEVELS OF DNMT3A AND EZH2 WERE STRIKINGLY INCREASED IN LEUKEMIA CELLS ISOLATED FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (N=1) AND PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME-POSITIVE ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (N=2), WHO RELAPSED AFTER TREATMENT WITH IMATINIB COMPARED WITH THOSE ISOLATED AT THEIR INITIAL PRESENTATION. TAKEN TOGETHER, IMATINIB COULD CAUSE DRUG-RESISTANCE VIA RECRUITMENT OF POLYCOMB GENE COMPLEX TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE PTEN AND DOWNREGULATION OF THIS GENE'S TRANSCRIPTS IN LEUKEMIA PATIENTS.	2011	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
15  6704  32 VHL GENE METHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TO EXCESSIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS IN CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS RAT MODEL BY UPREGULATING THE HIF-2ALPHA/EPO PATHWAY. AIMS: HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTORS (HIFS) PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ERYTHROCYTOSIS IN CHRONIC MOUNTAIN SICKNESS (CMS). VON HIPPEL-LINDAU (VHL) IS A KEY REGULATOR OF HYPOXIA THAT CAN DIRECT THE POLY-UBIQUITYLATION AND DEGRADATION OF HIFS. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS ARE BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE TOWARD ADAPTION TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA. HERE, WE INVESTIGATED THE CONTRIBUTION AND MECHANISM OF VHL METHYLATION IN RATS WITH ERYTHROCYTOSIS IN CMS. MAIN METHODS: THE METHYLATION STATUS OF VHL WAS MEASURED VIA BISULFITE SEQUENCING PCR, WHILE VHL, DNMT1, DNMT3ALPHA, AND DNMT3BETA EXPRESSION WERE ASSESSED USING REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR AND WESTERN BLOTTING. HIF-2ALPHA AND EPO EXPRESSION LEVELS IN BONE MARROW WERE DETERMINED VIA IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING, AND ERYTHROID HYPERPLASIA IN BONE MARROW SECTIONS WERE OBSERVED WITH HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING. KEY FINDINGS: WE FOUND THAT CHRONIC HYPOXIA TRIGGERED ERYTHROID HYPERPLASIA IN THE BONE MARROW AND INCREASED THE QUANTITY OF PERIPHERAL RED BLOOD CELLS IN CMS RATS. CHRONIC HYPOXIA SIGNIFICANTLY INDUCED METHYLATION AT THE CPG SITE IN THE VHL PROMOTER, DECREASED VHL EXPRESSION, AND INCREASED HIF-2ALPHA AND EPO EXPRESSION. CHRONIC HYPOXIA INCREASED DNMT3ALPHA AND DNMT3BETA EXPRESSION, CONSISTENT WITH THE DECREASE IN VHL EXPRESSION. THE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE REDUCED CHRONIC HYPOXIA-INDUCED ERYTHROID PROLIFERATION IN THE BONE MARROW OF RATS WITH CMS BY SUPPRESSING VHL METHYLATION AND DNMTS EXPRESSION. SIGNIFICANCE: OUR STUDY SUGGESTS THAT VHL METHYLATION CONTRIBUTES TOWARD EXCESSIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS IN CMS BY UPREGULATING THE HIF-2ALPHA/EPO PATHWAY IN THE BONE MARROW OF RATS. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DNMT INHIBITOR 5-AZACYTIDINE CAN ATTENUATE ERYTHROID HYPERPLASIA IN THE BONE MARROW BY DEMETHYLATING THE VHL PROMOTER.	2021	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
16  6596  30 TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE MIR-192-5P HAS PROGNOSTIC VALUE IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) IS CHARACTERIZED BY FAST TUMOR PROGRESSION AND DIAGNOSIS AT ADVANCED, INOPERABLE STAGES. PREVIOUS STUDIES COULD DEMONSTRATE AN INVOLVEMENT OF MIR-192-5P IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF VISCERAL CARCINOMAS. DUE TO CONTRADICTORY RESULTS, HOWEVER, THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC HAS YET TO BE DETERMINED. MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION WAS ANALYZED BY RT-QRT-PCR IN HUMAN PDAC AND BENIGN TISSUE (N = 78), BLOOD SERUM (N = 81) AND SERUM EXOSOMES (N = 74), AS WELL AS IN PDAC CELL LINES (N = 5), CHEMORESISTANT CELL CLONES (N = 2), AND PANCREATIC DUCT CELL LINE H6C7. ANALYSIS OF EMT-ASSOCIATED (EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION) PROTEINS WAS PERFORMED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND WESTERN BLOT. MIR-192-5P WAS DEREGULATED IN PDAC AS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS (HCS), WITH DOWNREGULATION IN MACRODISSECTED TISSUE (P < 0.001) AND UPREGULATION IN BLOOD SERUM OF PDAC UICC (UNION FOR INTERNATIONAL CANCER CONTROL) STAGE IV (P = 0.016) AND SERUM EXOSOMES OF PDAC UICC STAGES II TO IV (P < 0.001). MIR-192-5P EXPRESSION IN TUMOR TISSUE WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER AS COMPARED TO CORRESPONDING PERITUMORAL TISSUE (PDAC UICC STAGE II: P < 0.001; PDAC UICC STAGE III: P = 0.024), WHILE EMT MARKERS ZEB1 AND ZEB2 WERE MORE FREQUENTLY EXPRESSED IN TUMOR TISSUE AS COMPARED TO PERITUMORAL TISSUE, HCS, AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. TISSUE-DERIVED (AUC OF 0.86; P < 0.0001) AND EXOSOMAL (AUC OF 0.83; P = 0.0004) MIR-192-5P COULD DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PDAC AND HCS WITH GOOD ACCURACY. FURTHERMORE, HIGH EXPRESSION OF MIR-192-5P IN PDAC TISSUE OF CURATIVELY RESECTED PDAC PATIENTS CORRELATED WITH PROLONGED OVERALL AND RECURRENCE-FREE SURVIVAL IN MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. IN VITRO, MIR-192-5P WAS DOWNREGULATED IN GEMCITABINE-RESISTANT CELL CLONES OF ASPC-1 (P = 0.029). TRANSIENT TRANSFECTION OF MIA PACA-2 CELLS WITH MIR-192-5P MIMIC RESULTED IN DOWNREGULATION OF ZEB2. MIR-192-5P SEEMS TO POSSESS A TUMOR-SUPPRESSIVE ROLE AND HIGH POTENTIAL AS A DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN PDAC.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
17  5940  53 TARGETING METHYLTRANSFERASE PRMT5 ELIMINATES LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA. IMATINIB-INSENSITIVE LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS (LSCS) ARE BELIEVED TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR RESISTANCE TO BCR-ABL TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS AND RELAPSE OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (CML). IDENTIFYING THERAPEUTIC TARGETS TO ERADICATE CML LSCS MAY BE A STRATEGY TO CURE CML. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE DISCOVERED A POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP BETWEEN BCR-ABL AND PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 5 (PRMT5) IN CML CELLS. OVEREXPRESSION OF PRMT5 WAS OBSERVED IN HUMAN CML LSCS. SILENCING PRMT5 WITH SHRNA OR BLOCKING PRMT5 METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY WITH THE SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITOR PJ-68 REDUCED SURVIVAL, SERIAL REPLATING CAPACITY, AND LONG-TERM CULTURE-INITIATING CELLS (LTC-ICS) IN LSCS FROM CML PATIENTS. FURTHER, PRMT5 KNOCKDOWN OR PJ-68 TREATMENT DRAMATICALLY PROLONGED SURVIVAL IN A MURINE MODEL OF RETROVIRAL BCR-ABL-DRIVEN CML AND IMPAIRED THE IN VIVO SELF-RENEWAL CAPACITY OF TRANSPLANTED CML LSCS. PJ-68 ALSO INHIBITED LONG-TERM ENGRAFTMENT OF HUMAN CML CD34+ CELLS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE. MOREOVER, INHIBITION OF PRMT5 ABROGATED THE WNT/BETA-CATENIN PATHWAY IN CML CD34+ CELLS BY DEPLETING DISHEVELLED HOMOLOG 3 (DVL3). THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT EPIGENETIC METHYLATION MODIFICATION ON HISTONE PROTEIN ARGININE RESIDUES IS A REGULATORY MECHANISM TO CONTROL SELF-RENEWAL OF LSCS AND INDICATES THAT PRMT5 MAY REPRESENT A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET AGAINST LSCS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
18  5795  29 STAT3 INDUCTION OF MIR-146B FORMS A FEEDBACK LOOP TO INHIBIT THE NF-KAPPAB TO IL-6 SIGNALING AXIS AND STAT3-DRIVEN CANCER PHENOTYPES. INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6)-MEDIATED ACTIVATION OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION 3 (STAT3) IS A MECHANISM BY WHICH CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CAN CONTRIBUTE TO CANCER AND IS A COMMON ONCOGENIC EVENT. WE DISCOVERED A PATHWAY, THE LOSS OF WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT STAT3 ACTIVATION IN HUMAN CANCER. WE FOUND THAT THE GENE ENCODING THE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNA MIR-146B IS A DIRECT STAT3 TARGET GENE, AND ITS EXPRESSION WAS INCREASED IN NORMAL BREAST EPITHELIAL CELLS BUT DECREASED IN TUMOR CELLS. METHYLATION OF THE MIR-146B PROMOTER, WHICH INHIBITED STAT3-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF EXPRESSION, WAS INCREASED IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCERS. MOREOVER, WE FOUND THAT MIR-146B INHIBITED NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPAB (NF-KAPPAB)-DEPENDENT PRODUCTION OF IL-6, SUBSEQUENT STAT3 ACTIVATION, AND IL-6/STAT3-DRIVEN MIGRATION AND INVASION IN BREAST CANCER CELLS, THEREBY ESTABLISHING A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP. IN ADDITION, HIGHER EXPRESSION OF MIR-146B WAS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH PATIENT SURVIVAL IN BREAST CANCER SUBTYPES WITH INCREASED IL6 EXPRESSION AND STAT3 PHOSPHORYLATION. OUR RESULTS IDENTIFY AN EPIGENETIC MECHANISM OF CROSSTALK BETWEEN STAT3 AND NF-KAPPAB RELEVANT TO CONSTITUTIVE STAT3 ACTIVATION IN MALIGNANCY AND THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ONCOGENESIS.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
19  6235  30 THE M(6)A DEMETHYLASE FTO PROMOTES RENAL EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION BY REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. BACKGROUND: RENAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS (RIF) IS THE MAIN PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF A VARIETY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES (CKD). EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF FIBROSIS-PRONE GENES REGULATE RIF PROGRESSION. THIS STUDY AIMED TO INVESTIGATE LONG NON-CODING RNA (LNCRNA) N6-METHYLADENOSINE (M(6)A) MODIFICATION AND ITS ROLE IN REGULATING RIF PROGRESSION. METHODS: UNILATERAL URETERAL OCCLUSION (UUO) WAS EMPLOYED TO CONSTRUCT THE RIF IN VIVO MODEL; AND TGF-BETA1-TREATED HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS WERE USED FOR IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS. THE MRNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSIONS WERE ASSESSED USING QRT-PCR AND WESTERN BLOT. THE PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION WERE EVALUATED BY EDU ASSAY AND TRANSWELL ASSAY, RESPECTIVELY. IN ADDITION, LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES WERE DETERMINED BY ELISA ASSAY AND QRT-PCR. MOREOVER, LNCRNA GAS5 M(6)A LEVEL WAS DETECTED USING ME-RIP ASSAY. HE AND MASSON STAINING WERE EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE FIBROTIC LESIONS OF THE KIDNEY. RESULTS: FTO EXPRESSION WAS ELEVATED IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS AFTER TGF-BETA1 TREATMENT AND MOUSE KIDNEY TISSUE FOLLOWING UUO, AND LNCRNA GAS5 WAS DOWNREGULATED. LNCRNA GAS5 OVEREXPRESSION OR FTO SILENCING SUPPRESSED TGF-BETA1-INDUCED THE INCREASE OF EMT-RELATED PROTEINS (VIMENTIN, SNAIL AND N-CADHERIN) AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (IL-6, IL-1BETA AND TNF-ALPHA) LEVELS IN HK-2 CELLS. FTO SUPPRESSED LNCRNA GAS5 EXPRESSION BY REDUCING THE M6A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5. ADDITIONALLY, FTO KNOCKDOWN COULD SUPPRESS EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE INDUCED BY TGF-BETA1 AND UUO IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. AS EXPECTED, FTO KNOCKDOWN ABROGATED THE PROMOTION EFFECTS OF LNCRNA GAS5 SILENCING ON TGF-BETA1-INDUCED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE IN HK-2 AND HKC-8 CELLS. CONCLUSION: FTO PROMOTED EMT PROCESS AND INFLAMMATION RESPONSE THROUGH REDUCING THE M(6)A MODIFICATION OF LNCRNA GAS5.	2022	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
20   922  32 CHRONIC IL-1BETA-INDUCED INFLAMMATION REGULATES EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION MEMORY PHENOTYPES VIA EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION FACILITATES TUMOR PROGRESSION. WE DISCOVERED THAT A SUBSET OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER CELLS UNDERWENT A GRADUALLY PROGRESSING EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL (EMT) PHENOTYPE FOLLOWING A 21-DAY EXPOSURE TO IL-1BETA, AN ABUNDANT PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE IN THE AT-RISK FOR LUNG CANCER PULMONARY AND THE LUNG TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENTS. PATHWAY ANALYSIS OF THE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND IN VITRO FUNCTIONAL STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE EMT AND EMT-ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES, INCLUDING ENHANCED CELL INVASION, PD-L1 UPREGULATION, AND CHEMORESISTANCE, WERE SUSTAINED IN THE ABSENCE OF CONTINUOUS IL-1BETA EXPOSURE. WE REFERRED TO THIS PHENOMENON AS EMT MEMORY. UTILIZING A DOXYCYCLINE-CONTROLLED SLUG EXPRESSION SYSTEM, WE FOUND THAT HIGH EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SLUG WAS INDISPENSABLE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EMT MEMORY. HIGH SLUG EXPRESSION IN TUMORS OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR SURVIVAL. CHEMICAL OR GENETIC INHIBITION OF SLUG UPREGULATION PREVENTED EMT FOLLOWING THE ACUTE IL-1BETA EXPOSURE BUT DID NOT REVERSE EMT MEMORY. CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION AND METHYLATION-SPECIFIC PCR FURTHER REVEALED A SLUG-MEDIATED TEMPORAL REGULATION OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS, INCLUDING ACCUMULATION OF H3K27, H3K9, AND DNA METHYLATION, IN THE CDH1 (E-CADHERIN) PROMOTER FOLLOWING THE CHRONIC IL-1BETA EXPOSURE. CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF DNA METHYLATION NOT ONLY RESTORED E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION IN EMT MEMORY, BUT ALSO PRIMED CELLS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED APOPTOSIS.	2020